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According to Sir Ken Robinson on the significance of creativity in education, creativity is more significant in the workplaces due to the fact that most of the companies are looking for more than just graduates to perform specific tasks. Besides, the companies need employees who are able to think for themselves and therefore are able to think differently and be innovative. During the 2006 TED talk, Sir Ken Robinson challenged the way we are educating our children and therefore champions a radical rethink of the present school system in their effort to cultivate creativity as well as acknowledging multiple types of intelligence.

According to Robinson, creativity is essential in education just like literacy is deemed to be significant and therefore, literacy and creativity should be treated with the same status. Children will tend to take a chance, and they are not afraid of being wrong but according to Robinson, being wrong does not necessarily imply creativity but at the same time questions to the questions the dedication of being creative if an individual is afraid of being wrong. During his lecture, Robinson claims that by the time the children matures tom be adults, they already have lost the capacity of creativity as they have become frightened due to the consequent failures. According to Robinson, the current generation is responsible for discouraging creativity, and this is done through stigmatization whereby the society stigmatizes mistakes. It is undoubtedly true that the current educational system is run in such a manner that making a mistake is one of the worst things that a child can do.

Accordant to Robinson, it is due to the stigmatization of the mistakes that are responsible for smothering creativity in schools in the sense that we are educating our children out of creative capacities. Robinson further states by quoting from Picasso that all children are born artists bit the main problem is to remain to be as an artist as one grows up. Robinson believes that individuals don’t grow into creativity but grow out of it, or the children are educated out of creativity. Robinson asserts that in every system, there is a hierarchy within the arts, and within these, arts and music are generally associated with a higher ranking in status in schools than drama and dance. According to him, there is no education system on the globe that is capable of teaching dance every day to the children in the same way that the teachers teach mathematics in schools.

The education system is predicated on the idea of academic ability, and the education system came to meet the needs of industrialism. The education hierarchy is rooted on the basis of two ideas one of which is based on the most useful subjects being listed on the top. Robinson claims that the whole topic of public education is not based on creativity as the things that were deemed creative were stigmatized. During the early times, the possession of a degree earned a person a direct job unlike in the present days where a graduate walks home to play video games.

Through Robinson’s assertion that the present education system doesn’t support or push for creativity among the students, we are able to relate to the present situations, and it is true that the education system is developed and strengthened for the aspiring employees and not entrepreneurs. The fact that the current education system doesn’t foster creativity is due to the fact that schools focus on the subjects to which they deem to be relevant to the job market. While at the same time stigmatize those people who most likely try to expose their creativity especially on such fields as fitness, sports, and physical education as they are not relevant according to the education system. The claim is valid as most of the educational curriculum supports only the theoretical part of learning and doesn’t pay an effort to other aspects of creativity such as in sports and therefore the education system can be termed as being the number one enemy to the growth of talents as well as encouraging creativity among the students.

I have also been a victim bearing in mind that I am one of the students who depend on the same education system that tries to stigmatize people who try to come with new ideas. The resource personnel and the instructors contribute to this as they do according to how the system have taught them to do for years. Everyone in the fitness department is subjected to the same and archaic ways even if they don’t work out just because they are documented as being what is right. In my yoga and eight lifting sessions we are part of this learning every basic details from the books that were written many years ago. The instructor does not take time to include his perceptions on the best way to perform yoga or even lift the weight, the same program is repeated every day.

Suggestions are not really welcomed as they don’t really take our views, as they have no consideration that we are living in another generation where concepts are developed through sharing of ideas. I tried several times but the instructor was very direct that we follow what is documented implying that there is no room provided for creativity and that we are subjected to the same course materials to suit the market demands but not develop new ideas.

Reference

Do schools kill creativity? Sir Ken Robinson. (2006): Retrieved from: https://www.ted.com/talks/ken_robinson_says_schools_kill_creativity#t-64995

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Can Geoengineering Solve Climate Change

Efforts to combat climate change are failing despite the rise in the concentration of gases that trap heat in the atmosphere warranting the need for scientists and experts to consider geoengineering to deal with the issue. Geo-engineering is the deliberate manipulation of the climate to offset the effects of global change. Various issues have raised questions as to whether this is the best way to deal with climate change. These questions include ethical concerns for the environment and how people interact with it. The question of whether geoengineering can save the world largely depends on the suspicion and social disruption that will occur by changing how humanity interacts with nature. This paper weighs various effects of geoengineering to determine its lack of viability as a means of dealing with climate change.

An example of such a project is the great green walls that entail planting indigenous plants on edges of deserts in various locations to hinder the spread of desertification to nearby areas. The areas on desert edges are affected by the conditions of the planet and overworked by populations living there such that survival has become a problem. Green walls and its efforts are created for the sake of rejuvenating these areas and making a bigger portion of the planet habitable. The two biggest walls are found around the Gobi Desert in China and the Sahara desert in Africa (Simonsen, 2019). The success of this program is dependent on tracking changes in vegetation patterns for years using satellite images. The other ideas include attempts to block the sun and reduce the amount of heat reaching the earth and removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Although these ideas appear promising, they are accompanied by a collection of potentially harmful outcomes. Because of the uncertainty surrounding the use of geoengineering to fix the climate, humanity should not pursue these means. There is no evidence that experts have enough knowledge to engage in geoengineering which raises the question whether a project such as large-scale cloud seeding will change the Jetstream and cause delays in the monsoon season in parts of Asia negatively affecting rice crops. Or whether the dumping of tons of iron along the coast of Chile will kill fishes. Opponents of geoengineering can only change their minds if these projects are tried and tested and will not impact negatively on the environment.

Geoengineering suffers the possibility of a moral hazard. Questions of morality include areas such as governance of research, unequal distribution of risks, sharing of benefits and harms, the likelihood of unilateral deployment, and the potential consequences to the environment (Biello, 2011). The idea of geoengineering is not a desirable solution to climate change because some world leaders may opt for it as a cheap means of dealing with the problem. These attitudes might weaken efforts to get to the root of the problem. There is also the issue that some of the plans suggested have misleading supposed benefits such as efforts to reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the earth, which will not do much to alter the effects of climate change on vegetation.

References

Biello, D. (2011). Can geoengineering save the world from global warming. Scientific American, 25.

Simonsen, S. (2019, February 4). Will these massive Geoengineering projects fix the earth—or break it? Singularity Hub. https://singularityhub.com/2019/02/03/will-these-massive-geoengineering-projects-fix-the-earth-or-break-it-more/

Discussion 1: Democracy

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Discussion 1: Democracy

According to Somin (2013), democracy is a kind of governance that is supposed to be administered by, for, and on behalf of the people. However, humans need political knowledge to govern efficiently. Inadequate public understanding of government makes it hard to hold politicians responsible. Unfortunately, there is an alarming lack of political knowledge among the general population. This state of affairs has persisted despite increased access to information and higher educational levels. Rational behavior is the leading cause of this problem, and such persistent and extensive political ignorance and foolishness reinforces the case for decentralizing and reducing government power. There is a high level of political illiteracy in America, resulting in the current government shutdown.

The general lack of political awareness among Americans has been caused by the general public’s lack of interest in politics. For example, despite Obama Care being at the center of this fight and other numerous political controversies, nearly half of the American population is unaware of whether the Obama care is still in place or not. Also, according to Somin (2013), a recent poll by Kaiser found that 80 % of the American population has heard little or nothing concerning the contentious insurance exchanges, which are the central part of the legislation. The debate surrounding the shutdown is the most recent example of a much older political struggle regarding federal spending. However, most citizens know nothing about the actual allocation of federal funds.

Political ignorance among Americans is not a recent development, and education is the most apparent solution to the problem of political illiteracy. Unfortunately, despite the increased educational attainment among Americans and access to info through cable news, the internet, and other contemporary technologies, political literacy remains low. In the United States, democracy has still survived despite low levels of political literacy among its citizens. Because American citizens are allowed to elect their government officials, the US remains a representative democracy. The elected officials by the citizens represent the peoples’ concerns and ideas in the government (Neblo et al. 2018).

References

Neblo, M. A., Esterling, K. M., & Lazer, D. M. (2018). Politics with the people: Building a directly representative democracy (Vol. 555). Cambridge University Press.

Somin, I. (2013). Democracy and Political Ignorance. Cato Unbound. Retrieved 30 August 2022, from https://www.cato-unbound.org/2013/10/11/ilya-somin/democracy-political-ignorance/.

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15595603293745Money and Banking

0Money and Banking

Introduction

A central bank, store bank, or fiscal power is an establishment that deals with a state’s money, cash supply, and premium rates. Central banks likewise normally manage the business managing an account arrangement of their individual nations. As opposed to a business bank, a central bank has a syndication on expanding the measure of cash in the state, and generally additionally prints the central currency,[ which normally serves as the state’s lawful delicate (Mishkin, 2007).

The essential capacity of a central bank is to deal with the country’s cash supply (money related approach), through dynamic obligations, for example, overseeing premium rates, setting the store necessity, and going about as a moneylender of final resort to the managing an account division amid times of bank indebtedness or monetary emergency. Central banks generally additionally have supervisory forces, proposed to counteract bank runs and to lessen the hazard that business banks and other budgetary establishments participate in rash or deceitful conduct. Central banks in most created countries are institutionally intended to be autonomous from political obstruction. Still, restricted control by the official and administrative bodies typically exists

Functions of the central bank

Issue notes and coins and guarantee individuals have confidence in notes which are printed, e.g. secure against phony.

Target low inflation, e.g. the Bank of UAE have a swelling focus of 2% +/ – 1. See: Bank of England swelling target. Low swelling serves to make more prominent financial soundness and jam the estimation of cash and funds.

Growth and Unemployment. And low swelling a Central Bank will consider other macro monetary targets, for example, financial development and unemployment. Case in point, in a time of provisional expense push expansion, the Central Bank may acknowledge a higher rate of swelling in light of the fact that it would like to push the economy into a subsidence.

Set interest rates to target low inflation and maintain economic growth. Case in point, in a liquidity trap, lower investment rates may be lacking to help using and financial development. In this circumstance, the Central Bank may turn to more flighty fiscal strategies, for example, quantitative facilitating. This includes making cash and utilizing this cash to purchase securities; the point of quantitative facilitating is to diminish premium rates and help bank loaning (Aruoba & Chugh, 2010).

Use other monetary instruments to achieve macro-economic targets. For instance, in a liquidity trap, lower investment rates may be inadequate to support using and monetary development. In this circumstance, the Central Bank may depend on more offbeat financial arrangements, for example, quantitative facilitating. This includes making cash and utilizing this cash to purchase securities; the point of quantitative facilitating is to decrease premium rates and support bank giving.

Ensure stability of financial system, In the event that banks get into liquidity deficiencies then the Central Bank has the capacity loan the business bank sufficient trusts to maintain a strategic distance from the bank running short. This is a paramount capacity as it aides keep up trust in the saving money framework. On the off chance that a bank used up cash, individuals would lose certainty and need to withdraw their cash from the bank. Having a moneylender of final resort implies that we don’t expect a liquidity emergency with our banks, thusly individuals have high trust in keeping our funds in banks. Case in point, the US Federal Reserve was made in 1907 after a bank frenzy was turned away by mediation from J.p.morgan; this prompted the production of a Central Bank who would have this capacity.

Lender of Last Resort to Government. Government obtaining is financed by offering securities on the open business. There may be a few months where the administration neglects to offer sufficient bonds along these lines has a deficiency. This would result in frenzy among security financial specialists and they would be more inclined to offer their administration securities and interest higher investment rates. Notwithstanding, if the Bank of England intercede and purchase some legislature bonds then they can maintain a strategic distance from these ‘liquidity deficiencies’. This gives security financial specialists more certainty and helps the legislature to acquire at lower investment rates.

Independence of Central Banks

In the 2000s there has been a pattern towards expanding the autonomy of central banks as a method for enhancing long haul monetary execution. On the other hand, while a substantial volume of monetary examination has been carried out to characterize the relationship between central bank autonomy and financial execution, the results are vague.

Supporters of central bank freedom contend that a central bank which is so defenseless it is not possible political heading or weight may energize monetary cycles (“blast and bust”), as government officials may be enticed to help financial movement ahead of time of a race, to the impairment of the long haul wellbeing of the economy and the nation. In this setting, autonomy is normally characterized as the central bank’s operational and administration freedom from the legislature.

Types of independence.

Legal independence

The unconventionality central bank is cherished in law. This sort of freedom is restricted in a vote based state; in very nearly all cases the central bank is responsible at some level to government authorities, either through an administration pastor or specifically to a governing body. Actually characterizing degrees of legitimate freedom has turned out to be a test since enactment regularly gives just a system inside which the legislature and the central bank work out their relationship.

Goal independence

The central bank has the right to set its own approach objectives, whether swelling focusing on, control of the cash supply, or keeping up a settled conversion scale. While this sort of autonomy is more regular, numerous central banks like to report their approach objectives in association with the suitable government divisions. This expands the straightforwardness of the arrangement setting methodology and subsequently builds the validity of the objectives picked by giving affirmation that they won’t be changed without notice. Moreover, the setting of basic objectives by the central bank and the legislature serves to keep away from circumstances where money related and financial arrangement are in clash; an approach blend that is obviously problematic (Arellano & Heathcote, 2010).

Operational independence

The central bank has the autonomy to focus the most ideal method for attaining its arrangement objectives, including the sorts of instruments utilized and the timing of their utilization. This is the most well-known type of central bank autonomy. The giving of autonomy to the Bank of England in 1997 was, truth be told, the allowing of operational freedom; the expansion target kept on being affirmed in the Chancellor’s yearly plan discourse to Parliament.

Management independence

The central bank has the power to run its own operations (selecting staff, setting plan, etc.) without inordinate association of the administration. Alternate types of autonomy are impractical unless the central bank has a critical level of administration freedom. A standout amongst the most well-known measurable pointers utilized as a part of the writing as an intermediary for central bank freedom is the “turn-over-rate” of central bank governors. On the off chance that a legislature is in the propensity for selecting and supplanting the senator oftentimes, it obviously has the ability to micro-deal with the central bank through its decision of governors.

References

Arellano, C., & Heathcote, J. (2010). Dollarization and financial integration.Journal of Economic Theory, 145(3), 944-973.

Aruoba, S. B., & Chugh, S. K. (2010). Optimal fiscal and monetary policy when money is essential. Journal of Economic Theory, 145(5), 1618-1647.

Mishkin, F. S. (2007). The economics of money, banking, and financial markets. Pearson education.

Assignment # 1

Module 03 Content

Top of Form

Imagine you have been asked to speak to a group of parents about promoting self-esteem in school-age children. You need to research the topic and prepare a visually appealing PowerPoint slideshow to accompany your presentation. Your PowerPoint slideshow will need to:

Have a title slide.

Contain 5-10 content slides that include Speaker Notes which provide supporting details to use when elaborating on the slide contents.

Address the following questions:

How does level of self-esteem typically change during middle childhood? What factors contribute to this change?

What are some influences on school-age children’s self-esteem?

Does very high self-esteem always have positive effects on children’s adjustment? Why or why not?

What are the typical consequences of low self-esteem?

What are some other strategies that parents and teachers can use to promote children’s self-esteem? What behaviors should adults avoid, and why?

Be written using proper spelling/grammar.

Cite at least 3 academic references and present the sources in APA format on a References slide.

For information about creating PowerPoint presentations or how to add Speaker Notes, consult the resources below.

Writing Guide: PowerPointsHow do I add speaker notes to my PowerPoint presentation slides?Submit your completed assignment to the drop box below. Please check the Course Calendar for specific due dates.

Save your assignment as a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation. (Mac users, please remember to append the “.pptx” extension to the filename.) The name of the file should be your first initial and last name, followed by an underscore and the name of the assignment, and an underscore and the date. An example is shown below:

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Assignment 2 Due 10/30/21

As societal-norms evolve, a variety of popular entertainment media (books, movies, TV shows, etc.) feature stories of characters who are a part of traditional and non-traditional family or relationship structures. Examples include but are not limited to: traditional families, cohabitation, single-parent households, blended families, same-sex couples, and grandparents as the primary care-givers for their grandchildren.

In a 3-page paper, written in APA format using proper spelling/grammar, address the following:

Describe a book, movie, or TV show that you are familiar with which features characters in families or personal relationships.

Select at least two families/relationships from your chosen story and explain the relationship characteristics and dynamics between individuals.

Apply terminology presented within the module when analyzing the relationships. Be sure to include APA citations for any resources you used as references.

Rasmussen’s Library and Learning Services team has developed a variety of Guides to help support students’ academic endeavors. For this assignment, the Writing Guide and APA Guide may both be helpful. Also consider submitting each assignment to the online Writing Lab for feedback on your draft prior to submitting it for grading. You will find links to these Guides as well as other writing resources and services on the Resources tab.

Submit your completed assignment to the drop box below. Please check the Course Calendar for specific due dates.

Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document. (Mac users, please remember to append the “.docx” extension to the filename.) The name of the file should be your first initial and last name, followed by an underscore and the name of the assignment, and an underscore and the date. An example is shown below:

Jstudent_exampleproblem_101504

Assignment 3

Module 04 Content

Top of Form

In a 3-page paper, written in APA format using proper spelling/grammar, research the topic of eating disorders and address the following:

Compare and contrast anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Who is more likely to suffer from anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa? Why?

What are the causes contributing to anorexia nervosa?

What are the consequences of eating disorders?

How can one diagnose eating disorders?

What are the treatment and support options for a person who has eating disorders?

Be sure to include APA citations for any resources you used as references.

Rasmussen’s Library and Learning Services team has developed a variety of Guides to help support students’ academic endeavors. For this assignment, the Writing Guide and APA Guide may both be helpful. Also consider submitting each assignment to the online Writing Lab for feedback on your draft prior to submitting it for grading. You will find links to these Guides as well as other writing resources and services on the Resources tab.

Submit your completed assignment to the drop box below. Please check the Course Calendar for specific due dates.

Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document. (Mac users, please remember to append the “.docx” extension to the filename.) The name of the file should be your first initial and last name, followed by an underscore and the name of the assignment, and an underscore and the date. An example is shown below:

Jstudent_exampleproblem_101504

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MODULE 3 ASSIGNMENT

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MODULE 3 ASSIGNMENT

Question 1

Factors that Impede Advance Planning

One factor that hinders advance care planning is the patient’s failure to recognize the significance of advance care planning (Hong et al., 2018). Some patients do not see the need for advance care planning since they think it will never reach a point where they will be unable to make decisions independently. To a greater extent, people’s ignorance of the necessity of advance care planning programs has affected the advance care planning programs since the programmers lack enough people to motivate to get planning. Also, some patients might be in denial of terminal illness, which may hinder the person from seeking advance care planning.

In addition, some people may plan to use their savings to seek treatment for potentially terminal illnesses instead of advance care planning. For example, a family may choose to use their real estate savings to finance the risk of long-term care expenditure. Other people may choose to cater to their long-term care needs based on their financial assets, income, and home equity (Bonnet et al.,2019).

Another factor that impedes advance care planning is avoidance of discussions relating to advance care planning. Fulmer et al. (2018) reveal that many individuals do not take part in conversations concerning advance care planning for various reasons, such as feeling uncomfortable or fear of losing hose. By avoiding such conversations, individuals fail to understand the importance of advance care planning from other people’s perspectives, which impedes their advance care planning.

Effective Measures to Raise Awareness among Americans about Advance Planning

One of the effective measures that can be used to raise awareness among Americans about advance planning is use of mass media campaigns tailored to inform the audience about the benefit of advanced care planning. Stead et al. (2019) reveals that mass media campaigns assist in exposing message to a larger proportion of people through the use of media. The ability of the mass media campaign to reach wider population makes it an effective tool for creating awareness among Americans about advance planning.

Another effective measures that can be used to raise awareness among Americans about advance planning is use promoting open discussions in social media (Mack & Dosa, 2020). Social media should be brought to the forefront of health care information. Social media gives space for people to discuss medical problems outside the healthcare facilities. Since many families with sick relatives use social media to share their experiences and findings of a particular disease, we can use that opportunity to create awareness on these families on the importance of advance care planning.

In addition, government, NGOs, and healthcare organizations can collaborate to educate the public on advance care planning. The government can support different initiatives by healthcare organizations to create awareness on advance care planning. Collaborative efforts are vital in promoting advance care planning, allowing different organizations to link (Mack & Dosa, 2020).

Question 2

Factors that Have Led to Shift in Utilization of Ambulatory Care Services

One of factors that have led to a shift from inpatient hospitalization to the use of ambulatory care services is cost (Sultz & Young, 2017). Building ambulatory care units in areas that are considerably cheaper to operate than in hospitals has increased the number of patients seeking healthcare services in these ambulatory care units since the services offered is affordable (Vogenberg & Santilli 2018). A reduction in outpatient care costs leads to more patients choosing to be treated at ambulatory care units. The patient can go home after the treatment instead of being admitted to the hospital overnight. To ensure effective utilization of outpatient services, ambulatory care units should be built in low-income areas.

Another factor that has resulted in the shift from inpatient hospitalization to ambulatory care services is patient expectation. Ensuring that ambulatory facilities provide convenient and easy access motivates more patients to choose to get medical services from these units since the services are readily available and easily acquired. Besides, ambulatory facilities giving patients shorter visiting lengths have shifted to ambulatory care services. When the visiting hours are set according to the patient’s wants, the patient feels valued, and he may wish to keep seeking help in the same facility. Therefore, it is required that all facilities operate to satisfy their customer’s expectations.

Competition is another factor that has contributed to the shift of utilization to ambulatory care services in the healthcare system. The ongoing competition between hospitals and other healthcare organizations has forced hospitals to add ambulatory care units to overcome this competition. Many hospitals prefer adding ambulatory services since it is cheaper than making capital investments. Competition has resulted in more ambulatory care units, thus shifting the utilization to outpatient services from the inpatient services in the healthcare system.

In addition, technology advancements have moved to the utilization of ambulatory services. Advancement in technology has helped the ambulatory care units deliver organized treatment regimes. For example, remote monitoring has enabled patients to be monitored while away from the hospital; thus, fewer patients need hospitalization. Outpatient care will continue receiving a massive boost via the use of remote monitoring and other forms of cloud connectivity (Vogenberg & Santilli 2018).

Moreover, physician support is another factor that has motivated the shifting of utilization from inpatient to outpatient services. There is partnering within the physician groups in ambulatory care units, making referrals (Sultz & Young, 2017). Most patients have recently been in close contact with physicians, and therefore they can easily acquire medical services outside the medical facilities due to this close contact. This has consequently led to increased levels of outpatient support services. Patients receiving outpatient services often have a personal relationship with the doctors.

Another factor has played a role in shifting the utilization to outpatient care services in chronic disease treatment. First, patients suffering from chronic diseases are best-taken and easily managed in ambulatory care facilities. The desire to treat more chronic diseases has led to hospitals building outpatient care units (Lasserson et al., 2018).

Question 3

Factors that Impede Access to Mental Illness Treatment

Due to the complicated nature of psychological problems, successful treatment generally involves regular contact with mental health care specialists and a range of support services. However, most mental health care services are unavailable or are sometimes under-utilized, mainly in developing countries. Several factors hinder access to mental illness treatment. One of these factors is the Lack of geographical accessibility (Sultz & Young, 2017; Tristiana et al., 2018). Within the distant regions, not all persons can access dependable transportation to care, and so this problem notably hits the most disadvantaged, comprising the low-income groups and disabled persons. Rural residents are more prone than urban people to depend on vehicles as a mode of mobility, so rural inhabitants without autos are more separated from effective care. In addition, there are fewer psychological physicians than healthcare professionals in-network plans, so residents must travel longer for mental healthcare. Mental care services may be more significant for rural communities, but care may be unattainable without access to public transport.

Another factor that hinders access to mental illness treatment is poor mental health awareness (Muhorakeye & Biracyaza, 2021). In both developed and developing countries, the Lack of information on mental illness hinders individuals from knowing more about mental illness and seeking out medication (Lopez et al., 2018). Sultz and Young (2017) also urge that a lack of proper understanding of mental disorders impairs the ability of the family members to provide needed attention to mentally ill relatives.

Another factor that hinders the accessibility of mental health treatment is shame and stigmatization. Muhorakeye and Biracyaza (2021) urge that mentally ill individuals fail to seek medical care due to the shame and stigma of being diagnosed with mental disorders. Also, some community members may feel embarrassed when family members and friends find out that they seek mental ill-treatment caused by social stigma. In addition, some people may fear to reach out for help since the mental health provider may be an associate or a friend, and others may fear being seen walking into and out of a mental health clinic.

The unavailability of adequate medication and health care providers has also hindered the accessibility of mental health treatment in some areas (Muhorakeye & Biracyaza, 2021). Many developing countries lack sufficient essential medicines, and these countries are only limited to access to severe psychological disorders. For example, according to World Health Organization (WHO), some developing countries lack at least one standard antipsychotic, one antidepressant, and one antiepileptic medication accessible in primary health care services (WHO, 2017).

Lastly, some people fail to seek mental ill-treatment due to poor affordability (Muhorakeye & Biracyaza, 2021). For example, in the United States, psychiatric treatment is costly due to the high medication prices, which leads to only a few patients seeking out these services. In addition, insurance policies do not cover psychological disorders in most countries, thus making mental ill-treatment expensive for many people (Sultz & Young, 2017).

References

Bonnet, Carole, Sandrine Juin, and Anne Laferrère. “Private Financing of Long Term Care: Income, Savings, and Reverse Mortgages.” Economie et Statistique 507.1 (2019): 5-24.

Cruz-Saco, María Amparo, and Mónika López-Anuarbe. “Ageing and long-term care planning perceptions of Hispanics in the USA: Evidence from a case study in New London, Connecticut.” Ageing International 42.4 (2017): 488-503.

Fulmer, T., Escobedo, M., Berman, A., Koren, M. J., Hernández, S., & Hult, A. (2018). Physicians’ views on advance care planning and end‐of‐life care conversations. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 66(6), 1201-1205. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15374Hong, M., Yi, E. H., Johnson, K. J., & Adamek, M. E. (2018). Facilitators and barriers for advance care planning among ethnic and racial minorities in the U.S.: a systematic review of the current literature. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 20(5), 1277-1287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-017-0670-9

Lasserson, D. S., Harris, C., Elias, T. N. E., Bowen, J. S. T., & Clare, S. (2018). What is the evidence base for ambulatory care for acute medical illness? Acute Med, 17(3), 148-153.

Lopez, V., Sanchez, K., Killian, M. O., & Eghaneyan, B. H. (2018). Depression screening and education: an examination of mental health literacy and stigma in a sample of Hispanic women. BMC public health, 18(1), 1-8.

Mack, D. S., & Dosa, D. (2020). Improving advanced care planning through physician orders for life-sustaining treatment (POLST) expansion across the United States: lessons learned from state-based developments. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®, 37(1), 19-26.

Muhorakeye, O., & Biracyaza, E. (2021). Exploring Barriers to Mental Health Services Utilization at Kabutare District Hospital of Rwanda: Perspectives From Patients. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 669. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.638377Seymour, J. (2018). The impact of public health awareness campaigns on the awareness and quality of palliative care. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 21(S1), S-30. https://dx.doi.org/10.1089%2Fjpm.2017.0391Stead, M., Angus, K., Langley, T., Katikireddi, S. V., Hinds, K., Hilton, S., … & Bauld, L. (2019). What is the impact of mass media campaigns on behaviour and other outcomes? Findings from the review of reviews (review A). In Mass media to communicate public health messages in six health topic areas: a systematic review and other reviews of the evidence. NIHR Journals Library.

Sultz, H. A., & Young, K. M. (2017). Health care, USA: understanding its organization and delivery. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Tristiana, R. D., Yusuf, A., Fitryasari, R., Wahyuni, S. D., & Nihayati, H. E. (2018). Perceived barriers to mental health services by the family of patients with mental illness. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 5(1), 63-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2017.12.003Vogenberg, F. R., & Santilli, J. (2018). Healthcare Trends for 2018. American Health & Drug Benefits, 11(1), 48-54. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5902765/Wendrich-van Dael, A., Bunn, F., Lynch, J., Pivodic, L., Van den Block, L., & Goodman, C. (2020). Advance care planning for people living with dementia: an umbrella review of effectiveness and experiences. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 107(2020), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103576World Health Organization. (2017). Improving access to and appropriate use of medicines for mental disorders. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/254794/9789241511421-eng.pdf

Money Laundering

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Course

Tutor’s Name

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Introduction

There are millions of dollars made illegally and the intention of concealing this act is one of the objectives of the parties involved in such kind of acts. There is therefore need to institute anti-money laundering measures that can curb this activity that is inconsistent with the ordinary range of economic and financial activities. Due to the unlawful nature of money laundering, there is no precise detail of the magnitude of money involved in these transactions either daily or yearly. This piece of writing is a critique of a money laundering article.

Article

According to Wermuth Stefan from Reuters, HSBC was ordered to pay a record $1.9 billion because of the case that involved money laundering case which publicly demonstrated failure by the Europe’s greatest bank to enforce rule to curb money laundering. According to the US Justice Department, the bank was unable to set up an effectual policy that could curb money laundering and ensure maximum scrutiny on all accounts that they operate as even further violated sanction laws by transacting with clients from Iran, Burma and Cuba. The company owned up the mistakes and made an apology for its unlawful conducts. This conduct is purely money laundering because of the fact that the money was put in circulation in HSBC which is a financial institution and this is called placement.

This article successfully exposes how the bank entered an agreement with the Justice department and that they would ensure all the challenges are fixed and were fined $1.256 billion in addition to other fines which summed up to almost $1.92 billion plus other penalties that were to be announced at a later date. HSCBC also had further allegations where they ignored money laundering associated with some clients from Mexico that were involved drug trafficking such as including one of the riskiest countries such as Mexico in its lowest risk category. In this regard, the bank is said to have sent stern warning to its multinational banks to keenly follow the antimony laundering rules that are set (Wermuth 2013).

The author has widely researched on this bank and has even exposed the previous cases involving HSBC. This case is almost the third one that involves inability of the bank to obey the banking laws especially considering the previous directives by the regulators that ordered them to improve their oversight and additional order from US authorities that they should monitor all suspicious transactions. The bank is also reported to have assured its investors that they have set aside almost $1.5 billion to cover fines and penalties arising from the litigations yet this sum of money may notably rise and this hugely damages the brand of the company. The bank has since employed an anti-money laundering expert who was a chief legal advisor in the Treasury Department and further installed an independent anti-money laundering system between 2009 and 2011. There are other several banks that have been accused of money laundering and sanctions violations such as Wachovia Corp, Citigroup, Britain’s Lloyd banking Group, Barclays bank and Dutch bank (Wermuth 2013).

The author of this article has clearly brought up the issue of money laundering in a very good way and has even exposed some of the victims which is very important to the public and this is act by the bank is called Bank complicity because the bank is seen to be transacting with the drug traffickers and other organized crime groups as well as transacting with other countries involved in sanctions with America without considering adequate rules. The previously laundered money is easily injected into the economy by the financial institutions such as using known foreign banks which further sophisticates the process making it a very difficult target for law enforcers.

Reference

Wermuth, Stefan. (2013). HYPERLINK “http://www.nbcnews.com/business/banking-giant-hsbc-pay-record-1-9-billion-money-laundering-1C7541128” Banking Giant HSBC To Pay Record $1.9 Billion In Money-Laundering Case.Nbc Business, n.p. HYPERLINK “http://www.nbcnews.com/business/banking-giant-hsbc-pay-record-1-9-billion-money-laundering-1C7541128” http://www.nbcnews.com/business/banking-giant-hsbc-pay-record-1-9-billion-money-laundering-1C7541128.

Can oil & gas operations cause earthquakes?

ConocoPhillips Company, 2019, no author

Human activities such as construction, agricultural, mining and industrial activities can cause triggered or induced seismicity – or tremors in the earth.

Human activities such as construction, agricultural, mining and industrial activities can cause triggered or induced seismicity – or tremors in the earth. But such tremors are rarely a cause for concern given the mild nature of most human-caused seismic events. In fact most cannot be felt, being detectable only with sensitive instruments.

Tremors generated by oil and gas hydraulic fracturing – or “fracking” – are usually a million times weaker than the felt seismicity threshold, typically measuring minus 2 (below zero) on the Richter scale. This is why over two million wells have been fracture stimulated worldwide since the 1940s without creating earthquake hazards.

There have been instances of felt seismicity attributed to oil and gas operations. These were generally associated not with production or fracturing, but with wells that inject water into rock formations deep underground. Such felt seismicity has also been attributed to various industrial activities, as well as water impoundment behind large dams. Of more than 172,000 oil and gas-related injection wells in the United States, only a small percentage have been associated with felt seismicity. In these cases, modification of fluid injection activities mitigated the seismicity.ConocoPhillips and others in the industry are actively working with independent researchers to arrive at science-based conclusions and solutions that minimize the probability of human induced felt seismicity. 

About Seismic Activity

The Earth’s crust is dynamic – meaning that its slowly migrating tectonic plates grind against each other, gradually building and storing energy. When the stress becomes great enough, the crust shifts along fault lines, releasing energy and causing earthquakes.Each year, approximately 100,000 of the millions of earthquakes that occur worldwide measure magnitude 3 or greater on the Richter scale – the level at which they often can be felt by humans at the surface. Only a few hundred are powerful enough to cause structural damage (generally magnitude 5 or greater). The Richter scale is logarithmic, with each whole number increase representing 10 times more ground motion and 32 times more energy released.

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Fourth Amendment

           From 1765 to 1991, there have been 27 amendments that have been ratified in the United States constitution. The amendments come about after the congress propose them this is after two-thirds of both houses consider them as necessary, this amendment changes only require that these changes do not, “affect the first and fourth clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article: and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate” (Mount). The first 10 ratifies amendments are associated with the freedoms that the citizen exercise, among them freedom of the press, freedom of religion and freedom of speech. The discussion below will center on the search and seizure in the fourth amendment.

           To begin with, the fourth amendment was developed in England; it was a response to various forms of abuses that were being witnessed which provoked revolution(Anastaplo). According to Anastaplo, the amendment was then refined in the United States and it provides that, “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized”. A predecessor to this amendment is stipulated in the 1780 constitution of Massachusetts(Anastaplo). The amendment guarantees our safety against unreasonable search and seizures, the reasonable principle, unfortunately, its meaning is being misunderstood this is because of the technology which necessitates sharing of the information with third parties. Additionally, the same technology is leaving us more prone to the lack of privacy which is held by the amendment.

           According to Feder racial profiling is targeting individuals for detention based on their ethnicity or race under the belief that a particular group of people more often are involved in unlawful behavior. The type of profiling has been evaluated on whether it is a violation of the amendment, sufficient grounds to conduct a search must be available and do not rely on a hunch, this was the grounds the search was upheld to be justified in Terry v. Ohio. However, in the case of United States v. Brignoni-Ponce the race issue was addressed as a reason for increased criminal activity suspicion this is because the police only relied on the ancestry of the occupants to conduct a search. The factory was against the requirements needed to conduct an investigatory stop, some of the requirements are motor vehicle aspects, evasive acts and erratic behavior by people under surveillance and the traffic patterns. There are also other cases where the uses of race have been upheld in conduction the searches, in the case of United States v. Martin-Fuerte where the border agents searched the motorists based on their Mexican ancestry; the reliance on the factor was significant for enforcement of the law. Also, the courts held the use of race in the case of United States V. Weaver where they searched a black guy at Kansas City, the search was based on information obtained that well-dressed black guys served as couriers of cocaine to Kansas (Feder).

           Moreover, they have been critics on the reliance of the race in the traffic stop, where people of a specific race are detained for traffic violations in order to conduct a more generalized search. The constitutionality of the issue has been addressed in Whren v. the United States where two motorists were charged on with drugs offense after they had been pulled over for traffic violations since they paused at a stop sign for some time, took off at a high speed and did not signal when turning. The court upheld that the fourth amendment was not violated, the ruling was also upheld in the Atwater v. City of Lago Vista (Feder).

           In addition, apart from racial profiling, they are also other circumstances that necessitate searches; the result of the advancement in the technology that has necessitated data mining and recording. According to Ramirez, in the Erosion of Smith v. Maryland case, Smith was jailed for 6 years after being found guilty of harassing McDonough through a phone call after she had identified him as the culprit following an attack on her one evening. The warrant to search Smith household was granted after an officer had identified his car as the one described by McDonough and after running the plate he requested the telephone company to install a pen register to record the numbers that Smith dialed from his home. After the pen register recorded a call from Smith residence to that of McDonough a search was issued that led to Smith’s arrest. After Smith was convicted an appeal was presented that stated that whether the use of the pen register constituted a search within the fourth amendment, the response was no. The reason the ruling was upheld is that no one should expect privacy when they voluntarily involve the third party, in this regard the phone company was the third party. Also, the ruling was also based on that even in the case that Smith had some subjective expectation the pen registered only the number dialed and no private information associated with the call.

           From the above illustration, the third party doctrine is playing a big part in denying people protection as stipulated by the amendment, today people have voluntarily shared out information with companies, unfortunately, this information is not liable to the fourth amendment protection. According to Ramirez the recent case of Carpenter V. United States, Carpenter was arrested for aiding robbery after a suspect named him as an accomplice, after these claims the authorities obtained warrants from the judge to access the previous information on Carpenter from two telephone companies. The data from the companies was used to convict him of six criminal counts but before the trial, he suppressed the evidence from the cell-site claiming that it violated his fourth amendment since the warrant was granted with no probable cause. While the sixth circuit and the district court denied the claims and claiming the evidence as business records from the third party the Supreme court reversed pointing out that Carpenter had a reasonable privacy expectation. The reason the Court supported Carpenters claim is that the records had been taken over a long period of time hence, his privacy expectation was violated, also the third doctrine was deemed to be of no valuate since the data from the company had not been provided by Carpenter voluntarily like in the case of Smith.

           According to Ramirez, the amendment is supposed to protect people from government invasion of private details, this in relation to the metadata stored by the companies, has resulted in the evaluation of when the search begins. Looking at the data from companies if the search begins when a person’s reasonable expectation is infringed upon for metadata it is at stage three when the data corrected is analyzed. In the case of Carpenter, her privacy expectation was infringed by the government not when they acquired the data but after they analyzed his movement for the past four months. The reliance of data obtained from the companies that store private data have been discussed and can be credited to the modifications of the fourth amendment that stated that the data acquired after long-term use of the modern pen register was under the fourth amendment protection (Ramirez). Lastly, the user’s location and those of the other callers are protected hence in the case of Carpenter but not the users’ network in the case of Smith.

           The fourth amendment like all the other amendments have been upheld in some cases and denied this is because of the circumstance surrounding every case. While some people have made a case that some searches have been reliant on people’s races they have been held where the law enforcement is in jeopardy but is not a factor that has been relied on its own in other regards. As depicted in the discussion they are other circumstances that have necessitated the activity even in the conviction of people of other races. Lastly, modifications of the amendments are necessary since there have been various advancement that was not present when they were adopted.

Works Cited

Anastaplo, George. Amendments To The Constitution Of The United States: A Commentar. Loyola University Chicago Law Journal, 1992, pp. 68-75,

Feder, Jody. Racial Profiling: Legal And Constitutional Issues. Congressional Research Service, 2012, pp. 4-7, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL31130.pdf. Accessed 25 Mar 2020.

Mount, Steve. “The United States Constitution – The U.S. Constitution Online – Usconstitution.Net”. Usconstitution.Net, 2011, https://usconstitution.net/const.html. Accessed 25 Mar 2020.

Ramirez, Geneva. “The Erosion of Smith v. Maryland.” Case Western Reserve Law Review 70.2 (2019): 489.

Ramirez, Geneva. “What Carpenter Tells Us About When a Fourth Amendment Search of Metadata Begins.” Case Western Reserve Law Review 70.1 (2019): 187.

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According to Sir Ken Robinson on the significance of creativity in education, creativity is more significant in the workplaces due to the fact that most of the companies are looking for more than just graduates to perform specific tasks. Besides, the companies need employees who are able to think for themselves and therefore are able to think differently and be innovative. During the 2006 TED talk, Sir Ken Robinson challenged the way we are educating our children and therefore champions a radical rethink of the present school system in their effort to cultivate creativity as well as acknowledging multiple types of intelligence.

According to Robinson, creativity is essential in education just like literacy is deemed to be significant and therefore, literacy and creativity should be treated with the same status. Children will tend to take a chance, and they are not afraid of being wrong but according to Robinson, being wrong does not necessarily imply creativity but at the same time questions to the questions the dedication of being creative if an individual is afraid of being wrong. During his lecture, Robinson claims that by the time the children matures tom be adults, they already have lost the capacity of creativity as they have become frightened due to the consequent failures. According to Robinson, the current generation is responsible for discouraging creativity, and this is done through stigmatization whereby the society stigmatizes mistakes. It is undoubtedly true that the current educational system is run in such a manner that making a mistake is one of the worst things that a child can do.

Accordant to Robinson, it is due to the stigmatization of the mistakes that are responsible for smothering creativity in schools in the sense that we are educating our children out of creative capacities. Robinson further states by quoting from Picasso that all children are born artists bit the main problem is to remain to be as an artist as one grows up. Robinson believes that individuals don’t grow into creativity but grow out of it, or the children are educated out of creativity. Robinson asserts that in every system, there is a hierarchy within the arts, and within these, arts and music are generally associated with a higher ranking in status in schools than drama and dance. According to him, there is no education system on the globe that is capable of teaching dance every day to the children in the same way that the teachers teach mathematics in schools.

The education system is predicated on the idea of academic ability, and the education system came to meet the needs of industrialism. The education hierarchy is rooted on the basis of two ideas one of which is based on the most useful subjects being listed on the top. Robinson claims that the whole topic of public education is not based on creativity as the things that were deemed creative were stigmatized. During the early times, the possession of a degree earned a person a direct job unlike in the present days where a graduate walks home to play video games.

Through Robinson’s assertion that the present education system doesn’t support or push for creativity among the students, we are able to relate to the present situations, and it is true that the education system is developed and strengthened for the aspiring employees and not entrepreneurs. The fact that the current education system doesn’t foster creativity is due to the fact that schools focus on the subjects to which they deem to be relevant to the job market. While at the same time stigmatize those people who most likely try to expose their creativity especially on such fields as fitness, sports, and physical education as they are not relevant according to the education system. The claim is valid as most of the educational curriculum supports only the theoretical part of learning and doesn’t pay an effort to other aspects of creativity such as in sports and therefore the education system can be termed as being the number one enemy to the growth of talents as well as encouraging creativity among the students.

Reference

Do schools kill creativity? Sir Ken Robinson. (2006): Retrieved from: https://www.ted.com/talks/ken_robinson_says_schools_kill_creativity#t-64995