Category: Uncategorized

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By way of introduction, I am XX, an Xx-year-old young and ambitious individual with interests in mental health studies and psychoanalysis in particular. I am applying for the Master’s Program at BGSP Boston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis. My interest in pursuing this course stems from my negative life experiences throughout my life. I want to pursue a Master’s in Psychoanalysis, seeing that I have been in individual and group therapy for fourteen years. Growing up, I did not buy into the idea of therapy. This changed when I had an accident and had to go through life-changing surgery. After the incident, my parents thought it would be good if I talked to a professional. Although it took time, the therapy played a significant role in my recovery. After seeing how much therapy helped me deal with the trauma of the accident, I became drawn to the field. Therapy helped me accept my scars and helped me heal from the emotional damage that I was going through. I was embarrassed by the scars that I acquired from the accident, but now I wear them proudly; they are reminders of my triumph. Specifically, I want to pursue a Master’s in psychoanalysis because I would like to contribute to positive change in society by helping other people deal with issues that they go through.

Besides going through therapy for many years, I have worked as an assistant at a wellness Centre near me. I had volunteered for the position as I wanted to acquire first-hand experience in Psychoanalysis. The wellness center deals with recovering drug addicts. I gained relevant skills that prepared me for advanced studies in this field during my time there. I mastered skills that include empathy, patience, being non-judgmental, and coping with emotional situations. Enrolling in a course in Psychoanalysis is the perfect way to put my skills to use. Because I have related to individuals in need of the treatment, I will be better placed to relate to the studies and research in the course. Upon completing and graduating from the course, I intend to start my private practice and provide psychoanalysis services to people who need it the most.

Accomplishments in the Classroom and their Positive Impacts

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Accomplishments in the Classroom and their Positive Impacts

When I was first introduced to the classroom, I noticed that most students came late to school, some didn’t do their assignments and those that did presented a shoddy job. There was an overall lack of concentration especially with the students who sat at the back with most of them whispering during classes. I turned all this around. It was sheer hard work but soon the mood in the classroom was good during classes marked by high concentration levels. Assignments were done on time and class attendance was good too.

I promoted happiness, warmth and safety during the classes. I set rolling team building activities that helped students be comfortable with each other and help debunk me as a god of some sort. Lessons encouraging friendship, support and openness were enhanced to create a good attitude towards the classes. I also talked to the parents during our meetings to help the students come early to school by waking them up early and ensuring that they don’t stay up late. The parents were also advised to remind the students to do their homework.

My progress was tracked through observation. I observed the behavior of the students in the classroom focusing on their punctuality to class, delivery of assignments and level of concentration during classes.

The issue of student’s concentration needs to be addressed. The quality of engagement needs to be one that is active, inclusive and respectful so as to create an active class. An inclusive warm up activity will help improve the concentration and thus make the students active during the class and it can be made inclusive by involving all the students through questions and rewarding those who are active. The promise of a test also helps improve the student’s concentration. In addition, the warm up activity should be made simple and should not surpass the understanding of the students to enhance comprehension.

`The students were whispering in the back due to distractions or because they were bored with what they were being taught. They could also be whispering because they had something to say but did not have the guts to do so. Openness should therefore be encouraged to build confidence in the student to speak freely during class and not whisper between them. The class should also be made fun so as to reduce boredom. The number of distractions should be kept at a minimum e.g. getting rid of unnecessary objects in class. Reshuffling could also help minimize the whispering in case close friends sat together in class.

Modernization theory

The Washington Consensus drafted by Williamson in the late 1980s was aimed at improving the economic conditions in developing countries. (Williamson, 2004) claimed that its initial intention was not to prescribe the development but rather, to reveal policies that made Washington desirable to the Southern American countries economically. Later on, the policies were termed as, Williamson, (2004), “… set of economic policies advocated for developing countries in general by official Washington.” This further evolved the concept of neoliberal policies that had began discussions earlier in the decade which according to Alam, (2003), “the neoliberal, open door economic regimes imposed on the periphery by core capital … have produced no economic miracles.” Economics critics have given different opinions on neoliberal policies and concepts such as open trade towards development of third world countries. This paper gives the views of economists Bhagwati, (2002) and Chang, (2008) towards the free trade as a rescuer for developing countries.

Basically, (Bhagwati, 2002) states that with the practice of trade, countries experience positive growth which in turn decreases poverty. The author also argues against the controversy of trade as a promoter of poverty rather than reducer. From his research, there is adequate evidence of the reduced poverty that many developing countries such as India have been able to achieve within a short period of time. There is also a mention of China as a country that experienced wide growth and poverty reduction through trade, thus reports by the World Bank and IMF of the 10% and 6% GDP increment in China and India respectively (Bhagwati, 2002). Static argument relates poverty in developing countries to the low wages earned by workers without professional skills. The dynamic argument on the other hand focuses on the trade as a variable of growth and a necessity toward improvement on economy and reduction of poverty (Bhagwati, 2002). The trade argument here approves the interpretation of the neoliberal policies as economic policies which were formulated by Williamson, 2004.

The argument regarding trade as mentioned above contrasts with Chang, (2008) argument. Though both authors agree on the importance of free trade, (Chang, 2008) agues that trade cannot work independently and should be supported by other variables such as privatization of some ventures owned by the government and deregulation of foreign direct investment (FDI). The author demonstrates the concept based on the developed countries before they had their economic breakthrough. Counties like he USA and Japan took full advantage of free trade introduced when they were developing to interact economically with other sates. However, they limited the invasion to their market by foreign traders through regulating FDIs. Chang, (2008) states that, “In the 19th century, the US banned or heavily regulated FDI in natural resource exploitation.” Further, the author elaborates how the countries like Netherlands self exploited their resources and marketed the unique ones, thus taking advantage of the open market. Thus, though free trade is commendable for the reduction of poverty, it is not independent and has certain determinants as mentioned above.

In conclusion, the contrast in the view of the two authors is clearly evident. They both approve the context of the neoliberal policies and the Washington consensus as interpreted by economists, thus elaborate on importance of free trade. However, the many considerations made are worth noting. Basically, (Chang, 2008) criticizes the exploitation of developing countries by the already developed by FDIs when they minimized their foreign investment during the development process. The two arguments generally contradict in the variables of the poverty elimination using free trade. As (Bhagwati, 2002) strongly believes in free trade despite foreign intervention in the market, (Chang, 2008) is for the idea of self exploitation and regulating foreign forces for beneficial use of free trade.

Works Cited:

Alam, Shahid. Two Decades of Neoliberal Policies. Pauperizing the Periphery. 2003. Web. 9 August, 2010.

Bhagwati, Jagdish., & Srinivasan T. N. Trade and Poverty in the Poor Countries. 2002. Web. 19 August, 2010.

Chang, Ha-Joon. Under-explored Treasure Troves of Development Lessons. Lessons from the Histories of Small Rich European Countries. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, November, 2008. Web. 19 August, 2010.

Williamson, John. The Washington Consensus as Policy Prescription for Development. Practitioners of Development. 13 January, 2004. Web. 19 August, 2010.

Modern Media Anthropology

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Introduction

Modern media encompasses digital media, print media, and broadcast media formats. Over the years, media technologies have significantly evolved. Currently, it is possible to connect and share content with billions of people across the globe. As media has evolved, anthropologists have explored how content produced is interpreted and adapted by people from different groups. Modern media has significantly changed how healthcare professionals and patients interact and share information in the healthcare profession. In the nursing profession, modern media has had positive and negative impacts on the professional lives of nurses. Modern media involves technologies that have helped spread information and connect people. Therefore, media anthropology is an important aspect of healthcare as it helps nurses understand how their patients consume and interact with their content.

How Anthropologists Study Modern Media

Anthropologists have long studied mass communication and a wide range of digital media. Media is technology that connects people through shared content and is a central part of everyday life. Anthropologists explore the ways media is designed and adopted by communities and cultural groups. The information shown is interpreted differently depending on the audiences’ culture, history, and identity (Peake, 2018). Anthropologists also explore the ways media enable people to create and maintain ties and their sense of identity. Overall, media anthropologists question universal beliefs around various forms of media and highlight how an individual’s culture, history and beliefs influence the interpretation of media content.

Ways Nurses Could Use Modern Media Professionally

The internet is the most popular form of modern media currently. The latter half of the 1900s saw the creation of the internet; however, it was not until the rise and popularity of social media platforms that its influence reached the masses. Different individuals created various social media platforms between the late 1990s and early 2000. These platforms made it easy for people to connect. Social networking sites are part of everyday life and can be used for professional and personal reasons. Social media platforms are characterized by openness, community, connectedness, and participation. These features aid in the efficient transfer of information and enable nurses to connect and engage with other healthcare workers or potential clients. For instance, openness is evident when nurses share healthcare information with other healthcare professionals. On platforms such as Twitter, nurses can use hashtags to receive real-time information on topics they find interesting. They can also use these hashtags to participate in conversations. Nurses can use social media sites to access and connect with experts in their profession. This ease in accessing and connecting with experts enables the creation of online communities dedicated to nursing. Also, nurses can use social media platforms such as LinkedIn to build their professional image by sharing their skills, accomplishments, and qualifications.

Social media is an internet-based tool that meets the different needs of users. As a nurse, I could use this powerful tool for collaboration. Healthcare is constantly evolving as technology and science advance. As healthcare advances, there is a need for healthcare professionals from all parts of the globe to connect and collaborate. I could use social media to create a platform that connects specialists with nursing students and young nursing professionals starting their careers. People can engage in online discussions, share health information, and discuss career opportunities through this platform regardless of their geographical locations. Lastly, I could use this platform to champion a supportive environment that enables all participants to acquire real-time information on best practices, further contributing to the field of nursing.

Benefits Of Using Modern Media in Nursing

Efficient communication is an aspect of modern media that enables nurses to provide and receive professional training. Since the covid-19 pandemic broke out, various learning institutions have relied on the internet to offer online classes to their students. For instance, in Australia, nurses must receive annual professional development points. During the pandemic, nurses used the internet to access online classes and obtain their professional development points (Hao & Gao, 2017). Also, modern media, such as various social media platforms, have made it easy for nurses to connect with their patients. This ease in connection has made it possible for nurses to frequently check up on their patients and share crucial healthcare information without necessarily meeting in person. Another advantage of modern media is the ease with which nurses can create a supportive network of individuals. On social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook, nurses can connect with other like-minded individuals who can help them improve and navigate their professional life. Lastly, social media platforms such as LinkedIn enable nurses to get jobs more quickly as they are more visible to potential employers and recruiters.

Drawbacks Of Using Modern Media in Nursing

Though modern media, such as the internet and social media, provides distinct advantages, it also has disadvantages. One of the biggest challenges in the nursing field is the lack of reliable healthcare information. The ease of sharing information through modern media has made it easier for people to share accurate and fake information. Moreover, some professionals have been found guilty of magnifying health information to get more clicks, a factor that has further discredited existing healthcare information found online (Hao & Gao, 2017). Another significant drawback is the violation of patients’ privacy. Some nurses post videos and pictures of patients without consent. It results in a breach of trust as it denies them dignity. Moreover, ignoring individuals’ anonymity and privacy causes them harm (Nelson, 2018). Patient privacy violations destroy the relationship nurses have with their patients. Patient privacy violations can also harm a nurse’s career as they can result in job termination and the withdrawal of their registration.

Conclusion

Media anthropology enables professionals to understand different aspects of modern media and how people interact and interpret their content. As media technology advances, nurses must know how to use this tool to promote healthcare and grow professionally. Also, nurses must understand media anthropology as it can help them have better media interactions with their audience, further promoting health and professional excellence.

References

Hao, J., & Gao, B. (2017). Advantages and disadvantages for nurses of using social media. Journal of Primary Health Care and General Practice, 3, 2.

Nelson, K. (2020). Doing fieldwork: Methods in cultural anthropology. Perspectives: An open invitation to cultural anthropology.

Peake, B. (2018). Media Anthropology: Meaning, Embodiment, Infrastructure, and Activism. UMBC Faculty Collection.

Modern Period

Modern period came in the early 20th century and was primarily distinguishable by rebellious mood. The approaches anticipated to revitalize how modern civilization viewed issues like politics, science and life. Between 1900 and 1930, the rebellious mood became somewhat familiar to society as a way to reject the European culture, which was corrupt, complacent, and passive. It ailed since it was bound by society artificialities that put much emphasis on public image and at the same time too scared of change. The moral bankruptcy dissatisfaction on or about everything influenced some great European thinkers of modern history to figure out about other alternatives, more primarily, primitive cultures. As such, they had already predicted that the new emerging culture would be subject to undermining culture and authority in the name of enlightening the contemporary society (Murphy, 2002). This paper aims to critically analyze the modern period based on three theories of the truth, that is, correspondence theory, coherence theory, and other ethical arguments.

The correspondence theory points out that the truth or falsity of utterance is predetermined how it associates to the world and whether it describes the universe accurately (David, 2002). Russel and Moore developed the theory at the beginning of the twentieth century. Thomas Aquinas interpreted the theory as “truth is the equation of thing and intellect (David, 2002). In other words, perception is presumed to be truthful if only it conforms to the external reality. According to the coherence theory of truth, any correct postulation entails in its soundness with part of a particular set of hypotheses (Davidson, 2000). This theory goes contrary to the correspondence theory based on two on two primal respects. The two theories conflict on the issue that propositions bear to their truth conditions as one insist that relation is coherence while the other is correspondence. Secondly, they also conflict on the matter of truth conditions. Coherence theory cites that the truth contexts of postulations entail in the other hypothesis. At the same time, correspondence theory indicates that truth conditions are world objectives features as opposed to being in a general proposition.

Nihilism is one of the characteristics that defined the modern period. Nihilism opposes the existence of God or rather the religion, not to mention the moral principles as the only simple way of obtaining social progress. It means that the modern societies repudiated the societal, ethical codes in which they were living in. It, however, does not mean that some of the greatest philosophers in the modern period did not believe in God or that they came up against the meaninglessness of life, although, a significant number of them were atheists. A German philosopher, Emmanuel Kant, analyzed on the critique of pure reasons and the categorical imperatives. All discussions about ethics mostly bring the issue about God. According to the divine command theory, a deity predetermines what is good or bad. Thomas Aquinas, in his theory of natural law, affirms that morality comes from us because God made us.

Immanuel Kant viewed religion and morality as a terrible pairing, insisting that what is good or right is subject to the application of pure reasons, and a sense of consideration for other individuals (Kant, 1785). Perhaps, Kant understood the fact that if all the people were to use religion as the basis for their morality, they all could not find the same answers. It is pretty much confident that morality is constant. For example, one plus one equals two, whether you are atheist, Hindu, Buddhist, Christian, etc. Kant pointed out that in most scenarios, it not a moral choice on whether or not people ought to do something, but rather a contingent in their desires (Kant, 1785). Kant regarded these commands that one should always adhere to when they need something specific as hypothetical imperatives. For example, if one wants to get rich, you ought to work hard towards making money. Hypothetical imperatives are somewhat inclined to prudence as opposed to morality.

According to Kant, morality is all about categorical imperatives (CI). Categorical imperatives are commands that one must adhere to irrespective of one’s desires, and that moral duties come from pure reasons (Williams, 1968). Moreover, it does not matter whether or not one wants to be moral as the moral law binds all the people. As such, no religion is required to predetermines such a law since what is a virtue or vice is knowable by applying one’s intellect. Categorical imperatives follow two fundamental principles, that is, the universalizability principle and the formula of humanity. The universalizability principle demand people to act in adherence to the maxim in which one can and at the same time will without any contradiction to the universal law. As such, the maxim is more of a general rule, while the universal law is something that needs to be done is the same scenarios. If one steals, it means that you approve to the maxim of stealing and other people should always steal and of course it brings about contradiction. The universal law does not make exceptions to one’s self as that is unfair.

In the second principle, the formula of humanity, it reprimands people for acting so that they treat humanity as an end and not as a mere means (Kant, 1785). Using one as a mere means is to use that person for your gain without considering the interests of the person or thing you are using. Humans are rational and autonomous; thus, they can set their objectives and work towards achieving them (Williams, 1968). As such, humans are imbued with an absolute moral worth, and that translates to, they should not be manipulated or manipulate other autonomous agents.

References

Murphy, M. (2002). The natural law tradition in ethics.

David, M. (2002). The correspondence theory of truth.

Davidson, D. (2000). A coherence theory of truth and knowledge. Epistemology: an anthology, 154-163.

Kant, I. (1785). The categorical imperative.

Williams, T. C. (1968). The concept of the categorical imperative: a study of the place of the categorical imperative in Kant’s ethical theory. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Modifications to Our Aviation Maintenance Complex

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Modifications to Our Aviation Maintenance Complex

Problem 1

Aviation maintenance complex is an area in the airline industry that is used for different operations such as administration and aircraft maintenance hangar. Slight changes would need critical decisions to be made and with the introduction of additional storage by constructing a mezzanine level above the original shop. The mezzanine will be a semi-permanent floor system that protrudes from the walls. It will be accessed through a ladder to minimize wastage of space in the area. The ladder will be movable to make work easier for anyone to access the storage room. The storage facility will have a 2 feet guardrail all around it for human safety (Chisholm, 2010).

Problem 2

A portable dock board is one way through which goods are moved from one area to another in most warehouses. However, there are some regulations that govern the use of portable dock board, which is known as the loading dock safety. The regulations require that all the employees should have knowledge or be trained on how the system works. In addition, there should be inspection programs that ensure that safety is guaranteed to the employees (U.S Department of Labour, n.d.).

Problem 3

The oxygen and fuel-gas cylinders at the site of operation fire can easily start because these are highly inflammable substances. The oxygen creates a condition necessary for fire to exist while the fuel-gas cylinders can explode or even catch fire, and it is for these reasons that there is safety regulations related to the storage of theses cylinders. According to the regulations, all employees shall be trained and judged capable by their managers for this delicate work of taking care of the cylinders. The compressed gas containers should all be marked, for categorizing the gas content, with either a symbol or the chemical name of the gas (U.S Department of Labor, n.d.).

The movements of these cylinders are also required to be done in an orderly manner as the regulations states that all cylinders in a workstation shall be separated from each other in order to avoid combustion. The oxygen and fuel-gas cylinders are supposed to be stored on different areas, or moved separately to ensure safety of the workmanship and the area.

The cutting torch is one of the most dangerous equipment that is available in the workstation, and it should be handled with care to avert disaster. The regulations require that the torch be off when not in use and should be checked on a daily basis to detect any leak from its pipes (U.S Department of Labor, n.d.).

There are regulations that address the storage and condition of hoses used in cutting operations, which state that the storage facilities should be double-checked for safety and the hoses inspected for damage or leaks to improve the safety of the warehouse or workstation.

Problem 4

According to the occupational safety and health standards set by the United States government, all electrode cable of a welding rig should be in a good condition that guarantees the safety of the public and the workers at the station. Exposed wires are highly dangerous and can ignite fire that might lead to loss of life and destruction of property and it is for that reason that any tool that is worn out should be replaced immediately (Chisholm, 2010).

Problem 5

There should be great concern about the exposure to methyl ethyl ketone. These dangerous chemical can affect the nervous system when a person is exposed to it for a long period. Some of its long-term effects include irritation of the skin, throat, and damage to the eye. The organization should therefore look for ways to minimize its effects through having proper ventilations and having people working in-shifts to avoid long-term exposure (U.S Department of Labor, n.d.).

References

Chisholm, H., (2010). Ensuring Safety in the Aviation Maintenance Complex. (11th Ed.). Cambridge University Press

U.S Department of Labor. (n.d.). Occupational Safety & Health Administration. . Retrieved June 10, 2014, from https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9854

By way of introduction, my name is XX. I am a XX- year old young individual seeking admission into the University of Michigan and, particularly, in the School of Dentistry to pursue the two-year Bachelor’s Degree of Science in Dental Hygiene. I have been studying the same course, and I am transferring to complete my degree, graduate successfully, and become a qualified dental hygienist. Worth noting, I have had a passion for oral health since a tender age. I come from a humble background, and growing up, my parents always instilled in me values of hard work, resilience, and integrity, which I believe will help me in attaining y dream. Additionally, I am a first-generation student, and I hope to use this opportunity to encourage my siblings and peers who look up to me to continue resiliently working towards their goals. My parents discovered my interests in dentistry while I was still young, and ever since, they have always encouraged me to keep working towards my goal. My interests lie in innovation, medicine, dentistry, and clinical matters. I hope that one day, after completing my studies, I will set up a dental clinic in my home area. This is my way of giving back to society because I will use the knowledge I will gain to treat the most vulnerable members of society who cannot afford insurance to take care of their dental hygiene. I feel that women and children particularly need to be trained on the best practices they can employ in taking good care of their health. Thus far, my biggest accomplishment was the time I was working hand-in-hand with a dental hygienist at a dental office within my location. It was a defining moment for me because I got to interact and network with qualified practitioners and experts in my field of interest. I got to learn so much as it relates to oral hygiene. I exchanged information with experts and honed my skills as a future dental hygienist. Working there gave me a lot of fulfillment, and I got an assurance of the professional I want to take in Life. Conclusively, I hope this application appeals to the selection committee, and I get selected for this program.

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Accomplishments of Charlemagne

Charlemagne was a significant figure in the history of the Holy Roman Empire. Popularly known as Charles the great, he was born on April 2, 742 in Northern Europe. In 771, he became the sole ruler of the Frankish Empire after Carloman died. It was a coastal strip from southwest France up through the Netherlands into Northern Germany. It was at this time that the Franks were in a period of general disorder evidenced by the falling back of the Franks into barbarian ways in addition to neglecting their education and religion. He was an imposing physical presence with extraordinary courage and physical strength coupled with an iron will. As a figure of history, he accomplished a lot in restoring order and sanity in the land. He was one of the most important figures in the history of early Medieval Europe due to the number of accomplishments during his reign.

Military Revival

Following the death of Pepin in 768 Ad, the kingdom was divided between Charles the Great and his young brother. Consequently, after the death of his brother, he became the sole ruler of the Frankish Kingdom and he was determined to expand the kingdom in all directions. By word and the cross, he became the undisputed ruler of Eastern Europe. For three decades, his reign was dominated by military campaigns which were prompted by the need to defend his people against external forces and internal forces which threatened to break his kingdom apart. The most demanding military undertaking was against the Saxons who were longtime enemies of the Franks. It was a conquest which covered decades. The war resulted in mass killings and deportation of the rebellious Saxons which eventually lead to their submission. In addition to the Saxon wars, he initiated other wars with the sole aim of reaffirming his authority. These campaigns were aimed at incorporating the Lombard kingdom into the Frankish realm (Morrissey).

Concerned with defending the territory against Muslim invasion, he invaded Spain in 778. However, the Frankish was defeated since the venture was ill-advised due to the promises of help from local Muslim leaders in Spain who had different motives. Irrespective of the defeat, he went on to win over Bavaria by annexing them. The victory brought with it other military campaigns which included facing the Avars who were Asiatic nomads. Successive campaigns disintegrated the empire bringing good fortunes to Charlemagne in the process. He captures the territory south of Danube in Carinthia and Pannonia. Additionally, it led to the conversion of the Avars to Christianity. By combining effective military prowess and grasp of the political divides of the time, he elevated the status of the Frankish Kingdom throughout Europe. On matters relating governance, he believed that governance was solely for the benefit of the citizens. He was merely serving his people. He was a reformer who had the thoughts of his people at his heart (Kershaw).

Religious Revival and Reform

Charlemagne’s military campaigns brought with them good fortunes. He envisioned a time where a unified administration would be achieved in his territory. Diplomacy efforts were the order of the day during his reign. He had a religious policy that was a clear reflection of his capacity to respond to forces of change that were at work in the world. He intensified the reform programs that were instituted by his father, Pippin and his uncle, Carloman. As a matter of public concern, he aimed to deepen the spiritual life of the people by making it a prime goal of his governance. He focused on strengthening the hierarchy structure of the church by cleansing the clergy to reinforce the tenets of the faith and moral improvement. Additionally, he aimed at completely removing Paganism from the land. As the reforms progressed, he aimed to institute programs that would discipline the clerics and assert control over their properties thus defining the doctrine in the orthodox. As a result, he stamped his authority on matters relating to the church. He won over the support of the Papacy by claiming his ecclesiastical establishment over the body. His good relations with the Papacy ensured he received valuable support for his religious policies and implementation without conflicts of purpose.

The religious policy instituted by king ensured he had complete control over the appointment of the Bishops and Abbots. Consequently, he was the guarantor of the Papal States. His major achievement in as far as religion was concerned was strengthening the ecclesiastical structures in addition to deepening the piety. King Charlemagne ensured that the morals of his Christian subjects were corrected. In appreciation of his religious reforms, he received the glorification of the king as the rector of “New Israel.” Due to his advocacy of Christianity, he enjoyed the role of protecting the Christian establishment in Jerusalem in addition to being the ruler of the kingdom of Christians of Asturias. He also aimed to expand Christianity by bringing to the fold new followers. It was evidenced when he forced the conquered Saxons to convert to Christianity (Story).

Cultural Reforms

Charles the Great had a perfect understanding of his religious and political reforms as they were unfolding in the Christian West. He and his administration were at the forefront of coming up with policies and activities that would bring about a cultural renaissance. The circle of educated men reinforced the effects of the program by giving the programs shape and perspective. He ordered a series of orders that were geared towards s=defining the objectives of the cultural policy. The main aim of the policy was to ensure a continuous improvement of the literacy as it pertained understanding and discharging the responsibilities and duties of the administrators. To achieve the policy, the educators with the direction of the king sought to expand the education system in addition to producing books and publications. The books and publications were to touch on the Christian Latin culture in general. Educators in the land produced many books with the help of the courts in producing books that had a deeper exploration of Latin and Christianity in general. A new writing system was devised to make reading and writing easier. Many works including works of poetry, historiography, biblical exegesis, theological tracts, and epistles were composed for the purpose of exemplifying intellectual activity and linguistic expertise. People were proud of the activity making them boast of a ‘New Athens’ in the empire.

Cultural change was realized after some time as evidenced by the imitation of the cultural models that were provided by the court circle. This was a sign of renewal. Charlemagne ensured that the Bishops revitalized the existing Episcopal and monastic schools in addition to founding new ones. Measures were taken to drive the intake of new students into the schools with the aim of expanding the culture of the people. The school head went beyond teaching to developing and compiling textbooks for learning in the traditional liberal arts category. Publications increased dramatically. Results of the cultural learning program were realized in his life and beyond where there was improved competence in Latin as evidenced by the written documents (Godman).

Despite being responsible for the death of many people, he still deserves the title of the “great.” As an effective military leader, innovative administrator and a promoter of the culture of the land through learning he succeeded in many arenas. As a result, he significantly succeeded as the apolitical figure by being at the forefront of diplomacy. He stood above his adversaries and contemporaries in creating the empire which was an admiration of many. Despite the empire not lasting, he changed the face of Europe in striking ways. The effects are still felt to this day. He treated the empire as his personal property regarding the way he divided his realm equally among his sons. He was a man who went his way given the way he approached issues in the public limelight and his own life. He was a conqueror since he expanded and consolidated the Frankish nation through force and military prowess. He gained the respect of his nobility and his impressive victories over his neighbors. He succeeded in acquiring more territory as compared to other European monarchs of his time. He was keen on maintaining his authority over his delegates. He left a reputation of an effective leader in the world whose impacts are felt to this day.

Works Cited

Godman, Peter. Poets and emperors: Frankish politics and Carolingian poetry. Oxford University Press, USA, 1987.

Kershaw, Paul. Peaceful kings: Peace, power and the early medieval political imagination. OUP Oxford, 2011.

Morrissey, Robert John. Charlemagne & France: a thousand years of mythology. Univ of Notre Dame Pr, 2003.

Story, Joanna, ed. Charlemagne: empire and society. Manchester University Press, 2005.

CACREP Standards Discussion

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CACREP Standards Discussion

CACREP is an institution that accredits more than 906 doctoral and master’s degree programs in the field of counseling and specialties that are offered by 434 universities and colleges across the United States. It is both a status and process that indicates the commitment to the excellence of programs. The CACREP standards were drafted with the intention of clarifying and simplifying accreditation requirements and promoting a unified counseling profession. The CACREP accreditation process entails self-assessment of programs alongside an external review to know if program standards are met or not. To the members of the public, an accreditation status shows that a program successfully fulfils its commitment to attaining quality education.

One of the terms mentioned in the CACREP standards that I can identify as a strength for myself is section two that pertains to professional counseling identity. For me, this is my stronghold because I tend to understand apply the standards best in laying a foundation for the counseling as and the curriculum. This is a stronghold because, as a student I am actively involved in the counseling profession as evidenced in my participation in professional counseling organizations, including the American Counseling Association (ACA). Moreover, I participate in workshop and seminars and any other activities which contribute to professional and personal growth. Additionally, when it comes to the practicum bit of the counseling profession, I consider this s stronghold because I see it as an opportunity to put into practice the skills and knowledge gathered in the classroom sector. I also consider myself a professional which requires me to employ practical practice in my work. This includes maintaining professional behavior when dealing with clients and not engaging in romantic relationships with them (Lu, & Pillay, 2021). Also, I am good at maintaining secrecy as I realize that breaking client confidentiality is one of the gravest mistakes one can ever commit in the counseling practice.

The standard I hope to improve on is the standard pertaining to the learning environment. I could use a bit of improving in this regard as I struggle to coordinate with my instructors a times. CACREP standards mandate that all students that are in entry-level programs should be assigned an advisor during the duration of their program to help them with developing a plan for the study program (Akos & Duquette, 2022). As a student, I must collaborate with my advisors and instructors if I want to excel in the field. Without an advisor, I am likely to lose out on important elements of the practice. Having an experienced advisor in the counseling field is helpful as they have gone before me and are best placed to guide me to ensure I am successful because they know the ropes of the counseling profession.

References

Akos, P., & Duquette, K. (2022). Trends and Changes in School Counselor CACREP Standards in the United States. Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation, 4(1), 1-10.

Lu, H. T., & Pillay, Y. (2021). Examining the 2016 CACREP Standards: A National Survey.

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Economics

According to Aguilar (1967), he defined environmental scanning as the process through which a leader collects pertinent information of events unfolding outside the business and uses it to monitor the firm’s future strategy. The search to identify these trends establishes a firm’s prospects and concurrently poses tests to the unrelenting success of the firm. Thus when a firm conducts an environmental scan it focuses on the configuration of the connection between the business and its environment. The environment under which a business firm operates has a crucial role since it determines the firm’s accomplishments and botches. There exists a robust connection between the shift in the environment, the calculated reaction of firms to the shifts and the performance. Therefore, it proves to be crucial for a firm to comprehend the powers of the external environment and how they manipulate the connection. The external environment under which a firm operates is portrayed as dynamic and ever changing. Moreover, the aforementioned traits of the external environment present both prospects and challenges to a firm.

In a bid to comply with the findings of an environmental scan, a firm should attempt to realign its stratagems so as to embrace the prospects and avoid the threats presented by the external environment. Simultaneously, the potential shifts in the external environment causes distress to the appeal or the risk levels of investors or investments in a firm. All firms operate under a macro environment which consists of the political, legal, sociocultural, economic and environmental aspects. The environmental aspect highlights issues like the policy of sustainability and pollution among other issues. Additionally, the driving force behind the fundamental transitions witnessed in the external environment is technological progress and temper.

Macroeconomics is a domain concerned with the tendencies of the whole economy and not a specific fraction of it. This study delves into economic phenomena such as GDPs and how it impacted by shifts in national income, price levels and unemployment. An exemplary example of how macroeconomics works is the variance in net exports and how it would affect the nation’s GDP and unemployment rate. Alternatively, microeconomics refers to the study of resolutions entrepreneurs make concerning the apportionment of prices and resources of merchandise and services. Under this study the regulations and taxes imposed by the government are also put into consideration. All the forces that affect the price level in an economy including demand and supply are highlighted in microeconomics.

Macroeconomics can be measured through national income, prices and the rate of inflation, and finally real variables. Under national income/GDP the economic activity of the nation’s economy is measured. Statistics from GDP measurement provide a good basis to the structure of a nation’s economy. With regard to inflation rate; it is measured as an increase of prices which are conveyed as an annual percentage. Inflation rate tabulates the speed at which the prices of commodities upsurge on average. For one to be able to measure the rate of inflation he/she must have the overall information on the level of prices. Real variables can also act as a measurement in macroeconomics. The aggregate of all outputs into one definite figure in macroeconomics is achieved through utilizing money as the yard stick for measurement.

Microeconomics can be measured through stock variables and flow. The principle of stock variables is measured through the wealth and inventories of the firms and people in the market. Alternatively, the flow variables are measured through a period of time and consider factors such as incomes and rate of production and consumption. The other factor embrace so as to aid in measuring microeconomics is price. The prices can be categorized into two which are nominal and real price. Nominal price refers to the absolute dollar price of the merchandise when being sold in the market. On the other hand, the real price is the worth comparative to a comprehensive measure of prices. Utility can also be adopted as a measure to microeconomics. Utility can be adopted by measuring the extent to which a market cannot do without a product.