Category: Uncategorized

Moderator Tom Miller:

Good Evening. National attention has been focused on the problems of the American Negro for the past several weeks. Major civil rights legislation from President Kennedy is now before Congress; huge demonstrations have been held across the country. Violence has erupted in many places. Last week on Florida forum we discussed the racial situation with Governor George Wallace of Alabama who tried unsuccessfully to bar the entrance of two Negro students to the University of Alabama. This week, we have invited author and playwright, James Baldwin, to express his views in this growing controversy. Mr. Baldwin is the best-selling author of several books that reflect on racial conflict. He is offered his intellectual and moral support to the cause of the American Negro and, tonight, he has interrupted his schedule in Puerto Rico, where he is writing a play, to answer questions from our panel and studio audience. Questioning Mr. Baldwin tonight will be WCKT newsman Al Dempsey and Dr. Charlton Tebeau, chairman of the history department of the University of Miami. There will also be questions from our studio audience, after this message.

To begin tonight’s program, we will ask Mr. Baldwin to state briefly if he feels the racial conflict in Alabama and Mississippi could happen here in Florida.

James Baldwin:

“Well, in my view, which I think is the view, I think, of most  American Negroes or the experience of most American Negroes, the situation in Alabama and Mississippi, which is spectacular and surprises the country, is nationwide. Not only could it happen in Florida, it could happen in New York or Chicago, Detroit or anywhere there is a significant Negro population. Because, until the day all the Negroes in this country, in one way or another, in different fashions, North or South, are kept in what is, in effect, prison. In the North, one lives in ghettos and, in the South, the situation is so intolerable as to become sinister not knowing for Mississippi or for Alabama, or for Florida,but for the whole future of this country. White people are surprised, I think, at the vehemence of the Negro feeling and the depth of the danger, but I don’t think it has caught any Negro by surprise. One has been in a terrible, terrible situation for a very, very long time.”

MODERATOR:

“Now, to our panel, Mr. Dempsey.”

Al Dempsey:

“Well, why could it happen? Why does it have to be violence? Why can’t it be something other than violence?

James Baldwin:

“Well, part of the reason is one is doing one’s best to avoid violence. One of the reasons it could happen that way is because for so long, four hundred years, the American republic, in general, has ignored and denied the whole situation that Negroes have operated within – to be a source of cheap labor, for example, north or south, is to be, in effect, oppressed. Now, the oppression is bad enough. But the myth that the country’s created about the object of the oppression: the myth about the negro being happy in his place, is something the republic has managed to believe and, so that in addition to the fact of the oppression, one has also the fact that within the country for one hundred years there’s been a way of life occurring in the country, which most of the country knows nothing about. And it’s reflected, for example, in the way Negroes talk to each other. It’s a kind of language which does not really exist on what we like to think of as a major level of the American culture.”

Al Dempsey:

“But hasn’t there been a lethargy on the part of the American negro for that 100 year period too, along with the white supremacy added to it?”

James Baldwin:

“Um, I don’t think so. No. I think that’s, again, part of the myth. One has to remember, after all – I may sound very rude – but you have to remember who writes the history books and toward what end? I have never known a lethargic Negro. I’ve known demoralized Negroes. But that is not the same thing. The truth is that the Negroes have been fighting for this hundred years to obtain their rights and the country has ignored it. And the technique of the country has been mainly to accommodate it or to contain it, but never really to change the situation. And what has happened in our time, in these last few years, is that it’s no longer possible to contain it and the technique of accommodation has broken down. For the first time, really, the situation is now in the open. No American can ignore it, as has been true, let us say up until 1954.

Al Dempsey:

“All right. Why did it happen? Why do you think it happened? In 1954.”

James Baldwin:

“Well, the one thing, what happened in the South is that when the Supreme Court desegregated schools, or tried to desegregate schools, the South, which until that time had really ignored pleas, on the part the NAACP or responsible Negro leaders, to do something about creating a situation in the South…they were not asking for desegregation but to honor the separate but equal clause. And, the schools of the South were not equal.

Now, this meant, after ’54, the South which had ignored the necessities on the part of Negroes to be educated suddenly what leaped into that breach is now building schools for Negroes to keep the schools segregated. And this meant, in effect, that if I were a college president in the Deep South at a state college, that I had lost my position. I could no longer bargain. I couldn’t…I no longer had to go to the governor to get a new dormitory or a new chemistry lab. The governor was all too anxious to give me a new chemistry lab. That meant that I no longer had any effect, no power whatever. I couldn’t guarantee the facility of my students. The bargaining table had suddenly disappeared. This is what really happened, I think.”

Al Dempsey:

“Well, that was 1954. This is 1963. All of a sudden we have violence. That’s what we’re talking about here. Are you Negro leaders, and let’s consider you one of the Negro leaders…Are Negro leaders encouraging conditions of violence?”

James Baldwin:

“No. No responsible Negro leader can possibly – all the people I work with I know, are working as hard as they know how to channelize an energy which they know is there in order for it not to become violence. But, to be candid, there is something amazing, really, in the fact that the Negro has not been violent sooner, you know? There is something very impressive, in my view, in the ways which Negroes have managed to deal with this situation. And, the kind of discipline, the kind of interior discipline demanded of an adolescent to sit-in and to boycott and to undergo all the things one has to undergo is an extraordinary thing. And, if it were true that was a new Negro, that he’d never been seen before, that would be a miracle.

What has really happened is these people have been coming a long, long time. In the 30’s, for example, people like Roy Wilkins in the South, as hobos tried to organize unions and being beaten, and clubbed, and murdered. The Republic ignored all this. But every Negro child growing up knew something about it. It is the Republic, I repeat, that has been captured by its own myth of the subservient Negro and now is surprised to discover that the myth was never true.”

Dr. Charlton W. Tebeau:

“Mr. Baldwin, are you saying possibly that if “separate but equal” facilities had been provided for Negroes, that none of this might have happened?”

James Baldwin:

“No, I am not saying that at all. I didn’t mean to suggest that. But I did mean to suggest that the NAACP at that point, was not at that point trying to change the law, really, but doing, again, what Negroes are always trying to do, which is try and save the children. To try to get, to invest the children in the morale, and you can’t teach a child if the situation in which he is studying is intolerable. We all know that. Now, it is also true that you cannot really – no Negro child who is going to a segregated school, which costs millions of dollars, is fooled about why he’s there. He’s there because white people want him there and no place else. And you cannot educate a child in that context, either. You see?”

Dr. Tebeau:

“It seems to me also that while you are asking white people to change their estimate of the Negro – raise their estimate of the Negro – you are also saying to the Negro he ought to do something to raise his estimate of himself. Isn’t that true?

James Baldwin:

“It’s one of the great problems, let me put it this way, of being an American Negro in the first place; that you are taught, really, the entire weight of the republic teaches you to despise yourself. All the standards, when you open your eyes and look at the world, you look out at it, there is nothing reflecting you. As far as we can tell, for example, from television programs, there are no Negroes at all, or most Hollywood productions. The country has arbitrarily declared that kinky hair, dark skin, wide nose, and big lips is a hideous thing to be afflicted with. Now, the Negro parent, in this case, let’s say I am a Negro parent, has to use everything he can find to counteract the republic’s attempt to diminish this child. It is inevitable then, that when a boy becomes 20 or a girl becomes 20, they are in great battle inside to release themselves from what the country calls them. Do you see? Now, this estimate of oneself is a very difficult thing to change, but this is a part of the battle one has got to do that and, incidentally, by no means incidentally, I think that white Americans, themselves, assume something else. They assume that I live in a segregated society and they don’t realize that they live in a segregated society – that we do – and that the white child is really just as victimized by this peculiar medieval system as any Negro child. And what is worse for the Black child, the white child doesn’t know it and his whole attitude towards the world and toward reality is romantic.”

Dr. Tebeau:

“If I may have one more question… Why are you as doubtful as you are about what liberals are going to do for the cause of the Negro?”

James Baldwin:

“Because I’ve – I don’t mean to sound cruel – there are exceptions, but in general, my experience with liberals, they have attitudes, and they have all the proper attitudes. But they have no real convictions, and when the chips are down and you expect them to deliver and what you thought they felt they somehow are not there.”

Dr. Tebeau:

“Is that your estimate of the Kennedy administration to an extent?”

James Baldwin:

“My estimate of the Kennedy administration, part of my estimate of the Kennedy administration, is that, first of all, the Kennedy brothers, like almost all the white Americans, even with the best will in the world, know very little – in fact, I would hazard, until recently, virtually nothing about what we like to call the Negro problem. You know, most of the white Americans I’ve ever encountered – really, you know – had a Negro friend or a Negro maid or somebody in high school, but they never, you know, or rarely, after school was over or whatever, came to my kitchen. You know, we were segregated from the schoolhouse door. Therefore, he doesn’t know – he really does not know – what it was like for me to leave my house, leave school, and go back to Harlem. He doesn’t know how Negroes live and it comes as a great surprise to the Kennedy brothers and everybody else in the country, I’m certain, again, you know, that like most white Americans I’ve encountered, I am sure they have nothing against Negroes. That’s really not the question. The question really is a kind of apathy and ignorance, which is the price we pay for segregation. That’s what segregation means. You don’t know what is happening on the other side of the wall because you don’t want to know.”

SHARE THIS:

Model, hypothesis, and Criteria for causality

Student’s name

Instructor

Department of affiliation

Course

Date

C; Model and hypothesis

In the schematic diagram, it is clear that the debate about the presence of mental health issues experienced later in life might be a close relationship to a person’s past. This was especially their childhood experiences, trauma, and issues when they were children and were not pleasant (Nemeroff, 2004). It is therefore upon this that we can develop the various hypotheses; some of the hypotheses for this paper include;

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a sign that a person did not heal completely from the traumatic disorder which they experienced before

Childhood trauma experience has a very close and straightforward relation to a person’s mental issues, which they face once they are grown up.

Schizophrenia is a sign of the different ways the pain and the emotional torture a child experiences when they are young is expressed through their behavior.

Bipolar disorder is very clearly related to the childhood of a person.

This means that if a person gets good treatment when they are young and provided with the necessary love and support they majorly need at this point, they are unable to develop bipolar issues since they can only display what a person lacked.

The first hypothesis talks of how post-traumatic disorder indicates a need for continued care and love, which has to be given to those suffering from this kind of issue. Once there is enough love, then most of the time, the feeling of being un-important fades away. The feeling of having lost everything is worked in so that it does not affect a person’s entire life and the generalizations they make about their lives and generally life. Childhood trauma is stated to be a clear and direct factor towards the quality of a person’s mental health issues, the intensity, and their ability to control what happens to them. Another way childhood trauma expresses itself clearly from the time a person reaches the adolescent years is through schizophrenia. This makes a person restless and unable to sleep, and this is a problem that needs to be looked into urgently once the hypothesis is confirmed as true or not true and what remedies to be availed to make sure that schizophrenia does not adversely affect a person (Lubin, et, al., 2003).

Therefore the assertion that a childhood’s early years can affect how the child, when grown up, indicates through social life that they had at some point a disturbing experience. The group question, which states that a person’s later life is mainly based on how the child’s upbringing takes a central place in the work, especially in the worlds and the lives of the child’s parents, is confirmed never leaves a family. Therefore, most of the time, the parents never wish to hurt their children, but rather through disciplining, it later becomes a psychological issue and torture. Therefore basically, the research question is justifiable through the discussion of the major tenets which affect them.

How this portion of the research is understood is a critical and important aspect of the whole general way of understanding and building upon the issue. That is mental health and what it means for a person to be mentally unwell and sometimes unaware but still express themselves through behaviors and how they deal with issues. According to Freud (Barnes, 1952), the stages in which a child develops from the time they are born and if they receive what their bodies need both physically and emotionally determines the different ways in which to heal and deal with what happened to the person in question.

D. Criteria for causality

Even though it is true that a person needs to have emotional balance, this does not always happen and for every person. Therefore, when this does not happen, different people have different ways of dealing with their trauma in their lives at different stages. How the variables and the tenets of this paper are related is a very good one as it creates trust, love, peace, and harmony. For example, if a person did not get emotional stability when they were young, however with growing up they come to live with a very good family which provides emotional support, then it becomes very easy to blend. However, this does not always happen automatically and, therefore, the need to take care of one another.

The correlation between emotional stability and family is a good example. Most of the families do not experience harmony and total peace. However, a person has to be able to move on and live a good life. The desires for these wishes and needs at that particular time, even though great and important, might not always be possible. However, if possible, and I create time with the person, there will be ease. This leads to understanding how the different aspects of society view and manage their lives and how they can manage to fulfill the innate desires of their bodies of being loved and accepted. When a person gets these experiences and visible to the outside world, the time is taken between when a person gets these experiences is also of great significance. This is because what a person experiences can show up so much later in life or show very early in their lives when they are kids. Therefore, when a person experiences the effects of their childhood, they are important and trust the other party. Therefore, proper guidance, love, and compassion for their lives become important instruments (El‐Sheikh, 2007).

The intensity of trauma when a person is a child may be taken as the independent variables. Therefore, the other variables are also of great importance, like the time taken to show up, the ability for a person to trust, among other factors that are of great significance to the individual’s life. The relationship between these variables leads us to the conclusions and discussion. If the intensity of trauma a child experienced is increased, then it means that the child will experience more trauma later in life. However, if the intensity of trauma is low, it means that a person’s experiences later in life are not very complex, like having had a lot of trauma when the child was young.

ReferencesBarnes, C. A. (1952). A statistical study of the Freudian theory of levels of psychosexual development. Genetic Psychology Monographs.

Cherry, Kendra. “Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development.” Verywell Mind, Verywellmind, 12 Jan. 2006, www.verywellmind.com/freuds-stages-of-psychosexual-development-2795962.

El‐Sheikh, M., Buckhalt, J. A., Mark Cummings, E., & Keller, P. (2007). Sleep disruptions and emotional insecurity are pathways of risk for children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(1), 88-96.

Lubit, R., Rovine, D., Defrancisci, L., & Eth, S. (2003). Impact of trauma on children. Journal of Psychiatric Practice®, 9(2), 128-138.

Nemeroff, C. B. (2004). Neurobiological consequences of childhood trauma. The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

 Milestones

Thank you for setting aside time to meet with me and discuss Timothy’s development. I will therefore get right into it; Timothy encompasses most of the development skills just like his peers. In class Timothy is quite active and he has fine cognitive skills. During lessons he is able to distinguish and count more than ten things. He also possesses great skills when it comes to writing down letters and numbers. I am also amazed that he can be able to tell apart the letters and the numbers, which is great. Timothy is also familiar with the things he uses on a daily basis, he can be able to identify things such as his back pack and food. This shows that his aware of things he is interacting with. Timothy is cooperative, he listens and adheres to the set rules. He also interacts very well with his fellow children in and out of class. At his age it’s quite good that he can distinguish between real and make belief, this shows his making progress both emotionally and socially. In regards to communication Timothy can speak very clearly. He is able to incorporate tenses such as the future tense, say names as well as use full sentences while narrating simple stories. Overall a charming young boy.

However, during my observations, I have noticed that Timothy struggles when it comes to movement. Timothy mostly lags behind when it comes to physical activities such as standing on one foot. Physical movement is critical in the child’s development, that’s why Timothy’s struggle to swing and climb should be addressed swiftly to improve his motor skills. To help Timothy adopt better physical movement I would recommend various physical activities as recommended by Gerber; you can engage in fun activities such as scavenger hunts, that will entail taking walks. Also you can help Timothy climb the monkey bars and also teach him how to pump his legs (2010).

As Timothy’s teacher I suggest that we should coordinate and assess Timothy’s solution in order to establish a positive outcome. Timothy is a very determined young boy and he exudes great enthusiasm, therefore it our responsibility to ensure that he fully encompasses all the necessary developmental skills. By collaborating will be able to create safe spaces both at school and at home. Timothy is determined and he is a fast learner and generally a great boy. Finally, I would like to thank you for coming, and I hope will be able to work together.

Reference.

Gerber, R. J., Wilks, T., & Erdie-Lalena, C. (2010). Developmental milestones: motor development. Pediatrics in Review, 31(7), 267-277.

Business

Students Name

Institution of Affiliation

Course Title

Date

The Indian women cosmetic market is one of the emerging markets that is deemed to have high growth potential (Aaker & McLoughlin, 2010). Several factors can be attributed to the high growth of the cosmetic market in India that includes the continuous improvements of the cosmetic products as well as the introduction of new products as well as the raising cosmetic awareness among the women. Besides, the rising western influence, as well as the product promotional activities that feature female celebrities, have played a significant role in the increasing market of cosmetics in India. The cosmetic products are no longer restricted to use during special occasions, and therefore they have gained prominence as part of the women daily regimen. The women cosmetic products have been highly adopted in India, and this has contributed to the product to emerge as a high utility product within the past few years. The demand for the cosmetics among the women has dramatically increased mainly among the women who spend most of their time outdoors. The rise can be attributed to the increasing desire for the women to look more physically appealing as well as the rising number of women who are working in the Indian nation. Mary Kay being a potential investor in India and specializing in cosmetics is required to consider several factors to which are core to the success of her business.

Cultural Environment

The Indians are incredibly interested in personal care and beauty that can be attributed to the combination of the Indian culture and the influence of Bollywood in the making of the Indian cosmetic market both exciting and unique (Majumdar, 2010). The fact that the Indian culture allows for the women to use cosmetics to make themselves appealing gives a higher advantage to Mary Kay in her venture to the cosmetic business in India. Bollywood has played a significant role in exposing the women to the use of cosmetics due to the constant use of the females in the advertisement of products and therefore has contributed to the increased awareness of the use of the beauty products.

Economic Environment

There is a higher growth of the middle class women in India who possesses a higher purchasing power and as well who have developed a strong sense of fashion. The purchase of the beauty products in India has become more universal and not limited to the upper class alone , and this has seen the sales of the cosmetic products rise 4.75 billion US dollars in the year 2011 and expected to have a double-digit percentage growth in the next decade. The inflation rate of the country is not high and therefore the value of the Indian rupee against the US dollar that 71.85 Rupees is equivalent to 1 dollar. The value of the rupee indicates that the country’s economy is not expected to fall as the value has remained constant over time and this gives a Mary Kay a reason to set her investment into the region.

Technological Environment

The Indian technology has been on the rise making the country a potential techno hub in the future. The presence of technology companies in India have led to the growth, creation of jobs, increase in the access to resources, healthcare, and education (Barringer, 2015). The rise in technology has resulted in the decrease of poverty levels and as well led to the improvement of the people’s lifestyle. The presence of technology has led to the increased connectivity as well as the purchasing power of the potential customers leading to higher sales of products and services. Mary Kay, therefore, is favored by the technology to do her business as a majority of the prospective consumers of the cosmetic products are connected through technology, and this may lead to more sales.

Political and Legal Environment

The Indian government has been at the forefront of encouraging business investments within their country. The Indian government undertakes various political and legal reforms to make sure that the foreign investors are attracted to put their investments in the promising nation (Perry-Kessaris, 2016). The political environment of India has also improved post-liberalization, and therefore the inflow of foreign direct investments and political environment is expected to have a positive relationship.

The population of women who uses cosmetics is on the rise considering that the increased awareness across the media and the advertising agencies such as the Bollywood. Women between the ages of 15 to 45 are among those recognized as the largest consumer of the cosmetic products, and they contribute a significant proportion of the population. Religion, on the other hand, does not hinder the women from using cosmetics and the overall attitude of women on the use of cosmetics is on the rise as the usage of beauty products are becoming widely accepted globally and in the Indian cation.

Considering the favorable factors that favor the growth in the cosmetic industry in India, there is a need for choosing the right marketing approach for Mary Kay. In my opinion, the right strategy would be the adaptation of promotional messages as India’s technology has been amongst the fast growing and this has enabled the connection of thousands of potential consumers of beauty products to get connected. With a higher technological connection, the purchasing power of the consumers is increased making the demand of the cosmetic product be on the rise.

References

Aaker, D. A., & McLoughlin, D. (2010). Strategic market management: global perspectives. John Wiley & Sons.

Barringer, B. R. (2015). Entrepreneurship: Successfully launching new ventures. Pearson Education India.

Majumdar, R. (2010). Consumer behaviour: Insights from Indian market. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.Perry-Kessaris, A. (2016). Global Business, Local Law: the Indian legal system as a communal resource in foreign investment relations. Routledge.

Student’s name

Instructor

Course

Date

Acceptance Speech

All protocols observed greetings. First of all, I would like to thank every one of you for making it for today. I am grateful for everyone at TCC whom I have interacted with and shared different moments to go with me every place I go.

While at TCC, I learned so much not only in my academics but also in other fields, which helped me grow into a holistic person. I studied business management and administration since it was the course I always wanted to do during my high school years. However, during the study period, I encountered different challenges, but I overcame them. The three straps that were an issue to me were lack of sleep, inability to eat properly, which is at least three meals per day, and time to complete assignments was never enough. With time I realized where my time was going, and therefore I was able to regain my time to do what I wanted through, avoiding sports to sleep. I also got into meal prep service, and I became even more committed to finishing my assignments in time.

After TCC, I continued with my studies, and now I have three more degrees: billing and coding, associate business administration and management, and AAS. I joined TCC, UTA, and Kaplan colleges. I am a member of the French club, trailblazer society, and American chemical society. Currently, I am executive assistance, and I earn 20 dollars per hour; however, I am hoping and expecting to improve on this, and I hope in 5 years I will be able to earn 50 dollars per hour.

While I was at TCC, I discovered multimodal learning. This has been one of my most incredible ways to get things done because I find it fun. I do not push myself too hard, and I try to keep everything at a particular pace. It helps me understand better and faster. Therefore after applying multimodal learning in college and it was successful, I also use it in my job, whereby there is something new I have to learn and work on.

Lastly, I want to thank each one of you, especially those close friends whom we discovered multimodal learning together and whom we used to discuss different complex topics together till we made it. Thank you so much for your bravery and your presence in my life. I also wish to thank you for making the learning environment suitable and participating in your endeavours in the best way possible for those who were not very close.

Business StructuresFIN/571Business StructuresThe organizational forms or business structures are used depending on the type of business that is being formed. Business structures can broadly categories into three types; sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation. “Types of corporate business structures include General corporations, Subchapter S corporations, and Limited Liability corporations” (University of Phoenix- ER Videos, 2014). According to Small Business Administration (SBA), there are six types of business forms; Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Cooperative, Limited Liability Company (LLC), S Corporation, and Corporation. Each type of structure has pros and cons to it whether it is cost, liability, operating and reporting requirements, set up process or taxation.

A sole proprietorship offers the easiest form of business structure. It can be established easily, inexpensively and instantly. It gives the owner total control over the business decisions and entitles him/her to all profits made by the organization. But on the downside, the owner is solely responsible for the debts, liability or losses of the business. As sole proprietorship is not a separate legal entity, it dissolves due to the owners’ death or incapacity.

Partnership offers business partners a way to split the liability that goes along with owning and operating a business. However, a negative aspect of this would be requirement to share a predetermined percentage of the profits that are made by the business. There is also the chance of having disagreement when it comes to business decisions as there are multiples parties involved in the organization. In-order to avoid sharing unlimited liabilities, a partner needs to qualify for the status of limited partner wherein he/she cannot actively participate in managing the business (Parrino, 2012).

Cooperatives are formed based on the needs of the business members. Profits are distributed to the owners who are also the users of the services that are being provided. The work that goes into the business is divided between the members. The downside of this can be the potential of lesser numbers of people wanting to contribute because their investments would depend on how often they would be using the services that are being provided.

A limited liability company, or LLC, offers business owners the ability to own and operate their own business without having to be personally responsible for the debts of the organization. One of the downsides of operating as an LLC is that if one or more of the established owners decides to leave the organization, the entire LLC must be dissolved and the remaining owners would have to re-establish the business or decide to part ways and “fulfill all remaining legal and business obligations to close the business” (sba.gov, 2014).

The business structure known as S Corporation enables the profits from the business to only be taxed once instead of being taxed on a business and individual level. This can equate to a large amount in tax savings for business owners. One of the negatives of this business structure is that “it requires stricter operational processes. As a separate structure, S corps require scheduled director and shareholder meetings, minutes from those meetings, adoption and updates to by-laws, stock transfers and records maintenance” (sba.gov, 2014).

Corporations are reserved for larger business organizations and removes liability from its shareholders. This means that the organization itself is responsible for its actions and debts that are incurred by the company. While the size and safety of a corporation is a sought after benefit of potential employees, there is a larger legal responsibility that comes along with it in the form of record keeping and the money that is initially needed to start the corporation.

Businesses must decide what type of business structure is going to make the most sense for them in the long run and weigh both the pros and cons that go along with the each type. It is important for current and potential business owners to remember that starting any type of business brings endless possibilities both good and bad.

ReferencesParrino, R., Kidwell, D. S, & Bates, T. W. (2012). Fundamentals of corporate finance (2nd Ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.SBA.gov. (2014, May 11). Choose Your Business Structure. Retrieved from http://www.sba.gov/category/navigation-structure/starting-managing-business/starting-business/choose-your-business-struUniversity of Phoenix. (2014). Week 1 Electronic Reserve Videos. Retrieved from https://newclassroom3.phoenix.edu/Classroom/#/contextid/OSIRIS:47763238/context/co/view/activityDetails/activity/bb15e3dd-cc99-4ae2-85e3-db01fdf4e790/expanded/False/tab/Instructions

Access to information technology:

Name:

Professor:

Institution:

Course:

Date:

Introduction

Information technology is defined by the use of computers to access internet services for various purposes. For a long time, the society has relied on books for the acquisition of knowledge of various factors. This has been essential for the education of the general masses as a whole. Despite this, the use of books and the traditional forms of literature has not been able to serve majority of the population. The introduction of information technology changed the dynamics in that it enabled efficient and reliable access to information from all over the globe (Grossberg, Wartella & Whitney, 2006).

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of access to information technology. This is done by the analysis of an article written on digital divide in the country. The paper will thus discuss whether the government needs to emphasize on funding schools in terms of the provision of internet access.

The government has invested a sufficient amount of funds on the provision of internet access in schools and public institutions. This was brought about by the recognition of the importance of the internet in the transfer of information. Records show that 54% of the country’s population has access to the internet. This simply means that half of the population are internet enabled their households. Having reliable internet access is essential in present day in that all the industries are have made the switch to going digital. One of the reasons that the government has placed emphasis on the funding on the schools is the change of the educational curriculum to suit the e- learning standards. If 54% of the population has access to the internet, 46% do not have the same privilege. Another important factor to note is that majority of the population who do not have access to internet come from low income communities. Most of these communities comprise of immigrants and minorities who rely on the government for most of their basic needs (Dickard & Schneider, 2002).

The governments funding of the internet services have been met with a lot of critics from some conservatives who do not believe that the digital divide still exists. This has led to the denouncement of the funds so that they can be relocated to other sectors of the economy. After the careful analysis of the statistics, it is my opinion that the government needs to continue to fund the public. They should however change their strategy by targeting the population that needs it the most. This involves placing more emphasis on the low income houses that do not have complete access to internet (Dickard & Schneider, 2002).

The question on whether the there is a digital divide in the country continues to take centre stage with the society taking different sides of the matter. The ideal factor to note is that the internet dictates on the growth and development of the nation as a whole. It is thus essential to recognize the need to provide internet access in all parts of the country. This will further reduce the digital divide in the society (Grossberg, Wartella & Whitney, 2006).

Conclusion

The digital divide is one of the factors that bring out the difference in the division of resources. It indicates the situation of the population with recourses and the population without. The only way to reduce this gap is by supporting the continued funding of the less fortune areas. This will in turn give them the same opportunities as their counterparts so that they can maximize on them to elevate their status in the society.

References

Dickard, Norris., Schneider, Diana. (2002 September 27 )The digital divide: where are we?Retrieved from<http://www.edutopia.org/digital-divide-where-we-are-today>

Grossberg, Lawrence. ,Wartella, Ellen. ,Whitney, Charles. (2006). Media Making: Mass media in popular culture (2nd edition). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.

Morality

Contents

TOC o “1-3” h z u HYPERLINK l “_Toc378090093” Introduction PAGEREF _Toc378090093 h 1

HYPERLINK l “_Toc378090094” Nietzsche’s Genealogy of Morals Perspective PAGEREF _Toc378090094 h 2

HYPERLINK l “_Toc378090095” John Stuart Mill’s Utilitarian Perspective PAGEREF _Toc378090095 h 4

HYPERLINK l “_Toc378090096” Mills and Nietzsche take on Ethics and Morality PAGEREF _Toc378090096 h 6

Introduction

Morality definitions of good and its practicality in improvement of the quality of human life touch on a number of contested areas such as happiness, ethics and consequences. Philosophical deliberations of the moral value attached to the intentions of conduct within the confinements of definitions of goodness and happiness remain elusive and an open approach must inform a middle ground position on morality as a topic. Making comparisons of two of the most vocal morality philosophers to illustrate the need of a broader perspective in definition of other deeper concepts of morality such as righteousness and virtue underscores the sensitivity of the debate. On one hand, the position adopted by Nietzsche through the famous dichotomies defining the genesis of good, bad and evil formulate the essence of morality from the basics. Apparently, it would be difficult to discuss that whose origin or genesis cannot support its existence. On the other hand, the opinion of John Stuart Mill concerning morality raises the higher bar of morality through definition of virtue and its importance in life, for instance in religion (Smith 27).

Despite the fact that the approaches taken by the two philosophers distinguish their philosophical orientation through different concepts on the central theme, two concepts remain throughout their debate as demonstrated in this discourse. Both philosophers independently made astounding interpretations to morality, almost certainly taking a similar opinion on several elements than conflicting opinion. The centrality of morality in the work by Nietzsche and Mill illustrates the diversity of definition of the underlying interpretations such as through genealogy of morals, utilitarianism, egoism, righteousness and consequentialism.

Nietzsche’s Genealogy of Morals PerspectiveTracing the origin of the general meaning of good and bad from class differentiation between the powerful and the weak eventually leading to a systemic unquestionable belief of correct and wrong judgments presents Nietzsche’s opinion in a sharp reflection on morality. The First Essay depicts Nietzsche as a simplistic morality thinker in the way he relates the topic with the human society. Perhaps getting the basics rights in the definition of what morality entails gives Nietzsche the edge in laying the foundations of the debate. Morality interpretation of good through attaching benefit to the recipient of actions of others illustrates the perspective taken by Nietzsche, though he makes the observation to the effect that the terminology ‘good’ came later. Such an explanation adopts the utilitarian concept where the tag of benefit drives the definition of actions as good or bad (Geddes para.9).

For a clearer understanding of the origin of the concept of good in the society, Nietzsche takes the historical appearance of the expression ‘good’. Assigning the origin of good and bad as exclusively independent actions facilitates the drawing of the conclusion of morality, within the limitation of master and slave interpretation. Critics of this definition of origin of morality parameters would find fault in the practicality of the definitions before organized society where slave-master arrangement would be too complex and entirely inconceivable. Associating badness with excesses of power alone selectively brands higher classes as the vulnerable species in the relationship, whereas the opposite falls within logical transposition in a normal setting. As an illustration, the low classes are generally vulnerable to devise ways of defying class misfortunes such as hunger through seemingly bad interventions such as theft.

The construction of the ‘pathos of distance’ in the characterization of the spread of good and bad attributes among the classes facilitates the establishment of social balance. Exclusion of classes from a particular attribute would otherwise render the argument rather illogical since good and bad exists across the classes, at least from antiquity projections. The onus of illustrating the practicality of the genesis of good and bad satisfactorily demonstrates the reflective quality of the Nietzsche’s essay. Illustration of how the spread of bad among the traditionally good lower classes as the essay points out relies on radicalism that led to the transvaluation of perceived ideals and social morals. Rising against apparent marginalization by the power class bred evil among the low class that originally took the goodness tag. Justification of bad ‘values’ among the poor only implies that pulling the moral fiber too tight for it withstand leads to destruction of the morality perception (Lewis 458). The immoral content in the justification context cannot qualify badness to goodness under morality considerations. Nietzsche notes this concept by tagging the seemingly acceptable struggle as slave morality that is largely fueled by the survival instinct embraced to eliminate the marginalization. Opposition of the acceptable ‘morality’ forces among the two sides results in the entrenchment of the culture of good and bad. How discrete the powerful and powerless classes interact with the two values depends on the dominant mentality. Whereas the survival mentality among the lower classes triggers slave mentality and survival tactics thereon, the point of overlapping attributes of goodness and badness does not emerge clearly.

In view of the magnitude of levels of acceptance of the class perceptions, the analogy of powerful eagle class against the relatively weaker lambs within the inherent conflict identification demonstrates natural enmity that adds meaning to the characterization (Negri 12). Power as a fountain of goodness in the illustration adopted by Nietzsche’s first essay appears to form the standardization yardstick. The branding of the powerful as systemically bad and that they are only good if they exercise freedom of choice to decide to cross over the slave and master morality gap is debatable among the morality philosophers. In addition, attaching the origin of slave morality to religious class may indicate the apparent pursuit of solace in ‘purity’ of the class (Mwhalin para.9).

John Stuart Mill’s Utilitarian PerspectiveMill’s discussion on morality captures appropriateness of actions for the definition of morality, which is largely a utilitarian perspective as opposed to the egoistic approach adopted by Nietzsche. Righteousness attributes of the actor facilitates the determination of Mill’s c of morality. The valuation of utility in actions according to the postulations by Mill perhaps obtains credit from satisfaction and happiness. Intrinsic motivation towards pleasure and satisfaction as the center of valuation allows the opinion by Mills to attain definition aspects as those taken by Nietzsche. Explaining the role of goodness from the perceived benefits to reflect on morality demonstrates the philosopher’s connection with social perceptions where morality definitions take shape. Pleasure in terms of the mental satisfaction takes precedence over physical pleasure. Perception of pleasure makes importance to Mill if first accepted in the minds of the beneficiaries of the good thereon (Mill 11).

The importance of moral instincts in the determination of morality by an individual and the society forms the foundations of Mill’s postulates on goodness. Inherent tags of right or wrong do not form part of the postulates forwarded by Mills and he argues that only morality instincts assist the valuation of goodness in actions. The application of certain general rules established by instincts determines the perception of morality in the society. Existence of instincts in the minds of people deliberating on morality simplifies a rather complicated debate where opinions on the appropriate determination of morality clash. It therefore implies that the lack of written rules and regulations for the determination of morality leaves the opinion diversity as confusing as it is. Generally, accepted moral values compel the society to hold certain incidental principles of good and bad as the foundations of morality.

Mill’s attempts to demystify incorrect reception of utilitarianism as certain isolated critical views elaborates pleasure as the central motivation to acting as desired under morality principles. Just as Nietzsche approaches his essay by definition of the morality defining concepts of good and bad, Mills considers utility attachments of actions as the driving factors in his enumeration of morality. Pleasure and utility appear to represent closely related concepts from which the human race finds solutions to morality. Classification of pleasures based on their importance may prove determinant to the overall utility and value. According to the postulates forwarded by Mills, pleasures that take higher ranking from the beneficiaries have a higher utility and may compel decision making towards uptake of more pleasurable actions. It implies that the most dominant determinant in choosing pleasure considers quality over quantity. Mills explains that the most preferable pleasure in a smaller quantity would not ordinarily be traded for a higher amount of a lower ranking pleasure.

Utilitarianism perhaps confuses people who fail to distinguish true happiness from contentment that represents a lower quality of pleasure from a morality perspective (Mill 25). Contentment would overrule the value of morality lessons captures in Mills illustrations of the better version of pleasure. Mill reckons that being a dissatisfied human, scores highly in terms of value of pleasure when compared to being a satisfied animal. Alternatively, a wise person in spells of dissatisfactions ranks higher when compared to a fool with a feeling of satisfaction. Mills therefore considers the overall quality of pleasure as a determinant of the moral motivation that humans should have towards attaining a particular pleasure. Higher and lower levels of pleasure form the threshold of judgment that an individual must always contemplate on in order to discern how utility ranking elevates the motivation thereon. The concept of life and its dignity allow Mill’s arguments to expel lower forms of pleasure in qualification of the correct and appropriate pleasures under morality consideration. Morality and motivations of taking the most appropriate decision must be informed by the apparent quality of pleasure as opposed to the quantity. Happiness as an attainable human life motivation forms a central concept taken by Mill in explaining the role of pleasure informing moral decisions.

Virtue as a conglomerate of choosing proper decisions with an aim of attaining higher pleasures and happiness also stands out as an argument in Mill’s postulates. The importance of education towards attaining better responses in handling happiness and motivations thereon emerges in the considerations of utility as the driving motivation. Social arrangement also influences the nature of perceived pleasures in the society. It is important for Mill to illustrate the impact of selfishness in alienation of pleasure to other people and as a cause of unhappiness and dissatisfaction. Pain withstood as a motivation for greater benefit of the community receives a mention by Mill and martyrdom is employed in the illustration (Mill 36). A martyr seemingly sacrifices a single life for the satisfaction of the large group of people professing the cause of the martyr. Maintaining the attitude of happiness in pursuit of all activities undertaken forms the basis of morality under the utilitarian perspective.

Mills and Nietzsche take on Ethics and MoralityMills and Nietzsche have a number of opinions that nearly coincide with regard to the nature of ethical considerations that a society attaches to morality. The foundations and origins of morality perceptions form an important start for the discussion and the two philosophers make a deliberate dedication of basic definitions of goodness, badness, pleasure and happiness. In generating the background interaction of the society with the specified elements under morality concepts facilitates the establishment of a common ground for their arguments. The use of basic life settings in the development of the explanations shows that the two have a deeper understanding of ethical concepts in the society from the most basic perspectives. Nietzsche employs ancient slave-master setting while Mill adopts several animal and human relationships in understanding the motivation of actions towards definition of morality. Apparently, both employ qualitative distinction of actions in attaching morality and value of right judgment. Whereas Mill’s concepts on morality preceded Nietzsche in historic considerations, it is interesting to realize the similarity of the approach taken. Mill’s observation that the social arrangement elevates persons to make pleasure accessible to many more other people coincides with the concept that Nietzsche holds about those in power.

However, in order for the persons in power to make such an important beneficial impact in the lives of the majority, a significant descent from the master morality seemingly oppressing the powerless must prevail. Both positions taken by the philosophers illustrate the importance of social order and power stratification that is presented in the arguments propagated but in a different way. In view of the role of morality as a value as opposed to vices on the lower side of rating, the two philosophers hold the opinion that the quality of life of human beings depends on the quality of perceived satisfaction. Nietzsche defines the context of the powerful class as a higher and pleasurable position that the powerless would easily fight to attain. Mill on the other hand illustrates the better position from a more complicated qualitative analysis that raises the standards set by Nietzsche. As an illustration, Mill explains the superiority of suffering persons bearing wisdom when compared to contented fools without particular urgency of leaving the comfort zone. Although both perspectives employ different happiness qualification standards, it is clear that the issue of morality and ethics originates from the social interpretation of the actions taken. Extrapolation of the struggles by the powerless class in the Nietzsche essay and effective transposition onto the position taken by Mill coincides with the motivation to attain higher pleasures.

Nietzsche takes an egoistic deliberation of moral values and employs the theme of class superiority to define the origin of morality perceptions among the classes. By depicting the class tag as a determinant of the quality of morality, Nietzsche takes a different perspective from Mills in enumeration of morality. Nietzsche’s essays consider the quality of morality from an apparent dichotomy of considerations of good and bad from the genesis perspective whereas Mill employs a generally open approach without dichotomy restrictions. Mill delivers happiness and pleasure analysis from a position that avoids egoism but a comprehensive characterization of the state of reasoning behind the valuation of pleasure as either higher or lower status (Mill 42). Depicting the attainment of pleasure as well as actions targeting attainment of freedom from pain as most powerful drive towards making life meaningful establishes Mill’s approach.

Comparing Nietzsche and Mill in explanation of the quality of goodness attained in the end of actions, both highlight the valuation in a different attempt. Nietzsche brands the powerless as the origin of bad and evil and illustrates contentment between the classes as illustrated in the acceptance in the analogy of the eagles and lambs. The apparent acceptance by the classes that the tag of either bad or good exists creates a scrappy concept of individual role of embracing ethics in the society. Perhaps due to the restriction of the dichotomous design of the classes, Nietzsche fails to forge a convincing argument to support the unfair branding of power as a determinant of origin of immorality. In terms of the level of influence, that each of the philosophers has on the other, it is clear that the two employ independent conceptualization of morality and no clear relationship is witnessed. Apparently, there is a huge difference in the root argument adopted where one employs egoistic argument while the other employs a different approach.

Works Cited

Geddes, Dan. “Towards an Evaluation of Nietzsche Genealogy of Morals,” 2012, Web. (4 August, 2012) HYPERLINK “http://www.thesatirist.com/books/GenealogyofMorals.html” http://www.thesatirist.com/books/GenealogyofMorals.html

HYPERLINK “http://chasingsophia.wordpress.com/2008/02/26/lewis-david-k-counterfactual-dependence-and-times-arrow-nous-vol-13-no-4-special-issue-on-counterfactuals-and-laws-nov-1979-pp-455-476/” Lewis, K. David. “Counterfactual Dependence and Time’s Arrow.” Nous, 13.4(1979):455-476.

Mill, J. Stuart. Utilitarianism, New York, NY: Barnes and Noble, 2007. Print

Mwhalin, Christopher. “Nietzsche, F. “First Essay: ‘Good and Bad,’ ‘Good and Evil’” in On the Genealogy of Morals,” 2008. Web. (4 August, 2012) HYPERLINK “http://chasingsophia.wordpress.com/2008/03/” http://chasingsophia.wordpress.com/2008/03/

Negri, Paul. The Genealogy of Morals, New York, NY: Dover Publications, 2003. Print

Smith, Douglas. On the Genealogy of Morals, On the Genealogy of Morals, New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1996. Print

Mock Counseling Session

John Doe

University of Central Florida

Abstract

Professional counseling can be very beneficial to one’s health and well-being. Counseling is used to help clients with change, prevention, or life enhancement. Unfortunately, many people are unaware of the potential benefits and complexity of true counseling. There are many theories and methods which are used to treat clients and regardless of the counselors preferred method they must be trained sufficiently at conducting counseling sessions and interviews. A mock clinical diagnostic interview was conducted with a mock-client and many important skill sets learned through the course were utilized. The counseling session is guided by both non-verbal communication and verbal communication. Active listening and understanding of the clients presenting issues guided the mock session.

The cosmic amount of different theoretical orientations and techniques used by psychotherapists can be overwhelming. The styles are constantly changing as new findings come out. Even psychodynamic theory, which is one of the oldest known theories and links back to Sigmund Freud, has been altered in certain cases to a more contemporary method which is “less dogmatic, more flexible and integrative, supported by evidence, more pragmatic, highly attentive to relational needs, less hierarchical and applicable to a wide range of clinical problems with vulnerable populations” (Bliss & Rasmussen, 2013). The varieties of techniques are ideal for certain situations and a counselor must pick and choose depending on their clients’ needs. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, behavioral theory, humanistic theory, existential theory, and eclecticism theory are just some examples of different styles employed in psychotherapy and are certainly dissimilar to each other.

Counseling has an impressive length of history and can be traced back to the Enlightenment period. Counseling is not necessarily a hard science in a sense because the lack of one specific guideline. According to the American Counseling Association, professional counseling is “the application of mental health, psychological and human development principles through cognitive, affective, behavioral and systematic intervention strategies, which address wellness, personal growth, and career development, as well as pathology” (Kaplan, Tarvydas, & Gladding, 2014). Counseling has many different specialties each suited for different scenarios. However, a common goal of all counseling is to help the client with change, prevention, or life enhancement (Hackney & Cormier, 2013). Unfortunately, many people that could benefit from counseling fail to give it a try due to cultural reasons, bias reasons, or simply are intimidated by the whole process. Some individuals might fear that seeking counseling would damage their family’s reputation due to strong stigma by close others, which might result in the individuals’ development of negative attitudes toward seeking professional help and a lack of willingness to seek counseling (Choi & Miller, 2014).

A mock clinical diagnostic interview was conducted to practice using the skills learned for counseling throughout the course. The interviewing process takes hundreds of times to fully master it and this was my initial interview. Probing is important in the clinical diagnostic interview and when a client states something with an imperative meaning the investigation should be made to further dissect the potential problems. Base lines of questions have been set forth to ask the client but are not meant to be strictly followed but rather as a dedicated guideline. Inferences based on what the client articulates should be given in detail by the client and redundancy should be avoided in the interview.

The counseling intake interview I would be performing is a very important process. “Intake interviews, as part of the assessment phase of counseling, gather information about the client’s reasons for seeking counseling, current and past functioning, social history and interpersonal style, and goals for counseling” (Mears, 2009). First impressions are vital while trying to establish a relationship with the client. If the client feels too uncomfortable with the therapist for any reason proper treatment may not be available or the client could even choose not to continue the counseling process. In this primary interview conducting a good starting rapport with the client will be the main goal along with deciding which psychotherapy technique to use in future sessions. With further counseling down the road and a stronger relationship with the client I could then begin defining the presenting problem, identifying and setting goals, choosing and initiation interventions, and planning termination and follow-up.

Before the mock interview I prepared myself emotionally and physically. Physically, I made sure I was well groomed and would be taken seriously by the client while at the same time seem approachable and not make the client feel awkward. The goal is to make the client feel comfortable enough to open up and even something so subtle such as counselor appearance can have an effect on the mood. I also made sure the mock office was a comfortable setting and ensured there wasn’t going to be any furniture between us which could produce a psychological barrier. As for my psychological preparation, I recited the questions to be asked beforehand so it would be one fluid motion when the time arrived. I also prepared probing questions and studied some Rogerian examples as a refresher to person-centered therapy.

As my mock client walked in I stood up and greeted her. We sat down adjacent to each other and began the mock session. The communication within a counseling session is both verbal and non-verbal. I made sure to sit with an open, relaxed posture as to convey comfort with the process. I would be using the head nod at certain times to show acceptance and understanding of what the client has to say. I also was mindful of my facial expressions because it has been found that “long-held belief that counsellors must engage their clients in a meaningful and demonstrable manner as indicated by their non-verbal behavior appears to generalize to their facial expressions also” (Sharpley, Jeffrey, & Mcmah, 2006). Since the client is at the interview to express her thoughts verbally, I knew when to remain silent and when to speak. One of the most important things a counselor does is listen. The self-improvement of a client is seeking is actually within themselves and the therapist is there to help make that happen. Silence is powerful and encourages many positive effects.

Before this counseling intake interview began I dwelled into as much information on the client as possible and read all paperwork given on the client. Since the purpose of the intake interview is to gather information necessary for the evaluation and treatment of the client I made sure to take notes as we began. I was really interested to know as much as I could about the client so I had her clarify what she is like as a person and important figures within her life. I made sure to have her tell me any current complaints and any history of psychiatric problems as well. She expressed that she has a certain degree anxiety to me. Anxiety is not uncommon for her age, “mental disorders appear to be on the rise among college students and are having a significant effect on their attrition, with anxiety identified as one of the most common presenting issues” (Lindsey, 2014). The anxiety even affects some aspects of her life while lowering self-confidence and having somewhat of a negative impact on everyday things such as driving, working, and sometimes shopping. There were no visible medical complications except a lack of sleep at times due to the anxiety. This lack of sleep was very uncommon so it was not too worrisome. If there had been much sleep disturbance it could be linked to a more serious psychiatric problem as “sleep disturbance is significantly linked with an onset of major depressive disorder” (Batterham, Glozier, & Christensen, 2012). The most recent episode had been about a week ago. She said the episode seemed to increase as she gets older but could not decipher the origination or what triggers it.

While interviewing the mock client I used a variety of verbal skills used by professional counselors. I used open-ended questions, closed questions, clarification responses, reflection responses, minimal reinforcers and paraphrases. The main purpose of using these techniques is to “keep the focus on the clients, their stories, and their reactions” (Hackney & Cormier, 2013). As the interview went on she distressed a traumatic experience with an American Staffordshire Terrier when she was young, which could actually be the source of her anxiety. I then used an open-ended question to probe further into this problem. After further details I determined that this was an important life event that affects her even today so made note to follow up on this subject later on in future counseling sessions because a main goal during the intake interview is to lay the foundation for future interactions. Confronting a client too early in an emerging relationship could have devastating effects. I recited a summary statement of the traumatic event and story she told me to let her know I was actively listening.

After we had been in the interview for some time, I noticed she had resentment towards her father’s work schedule. I used a technique call the interpretation response for this and introduced a counselor-initiated interpretation. This response is used to assign meaning to a feeling that the client is having. The meaning of the feeling can then be moved in a different direction. I tried to use the information given as a question and had the client interpret the meaning. When the client interprets the meaning the therapist can either accept or modify what they have to say.

By the end of the counseling session I had probed more into the anxiety disorder the client had been describing. I suggested that there are many coping strategies that may help with the anxiety including perspective taking, communication strategies, anxiety relief tactics, diversions, self-reflection and self-help, and reviewing possible scenarios (Mortensen, 2014). I gave her the information on potential coping strategies and she agreed to come back for further testing to determine exactly what would be right for her.

In conclusion the mock clinical diagnostic interview conducted was excellent overall and helped clarify many details I was unsure of before I began. Learning about how beneficial counseling can be has given me a deep respect towards psychologists. The Professional Counselor, A Process Guide to Helping by Harold L. Hackney and Sherry Cormier really helped guide me through this mock-interview and this course as a whole. Being a counselor requires someone very knowledgeable and patient and this firsthand experience helped me appreciate the study that much more.

References

Batterham, P. J., Glozier, N., & Christensen, H. (2012). Sleep disturbance, personality and the onset of depression and anxiety: Prospective cohort study. Australian & New Zealand Journal Of Psychiatry, 46(11), 1089-1098. doi:10.1177/0004867412457997

Bliss, S., & Rasmussen, B. (2013). Reflections on contemporary psychodynamic theory in clinical social work. Journal Of Social Work Practice, 27(3), 211-215. doi:10.1080/02650533.2013.818938

Choi, N., & Miller, M. J. (2014). AAPI college students’ willingness to seek counseling: The role of culture, stigma, and attitudes. Journal Of Counseling Psychology, 61(3), 340-351. doi:10.1037/cou0000027

Hackney, H., & Cormier, L. (2013). The Professional Counselor: A Process Guide to Helping. (7th ed.) Boston: Pearson.

Kaplan, D. M., Tarvydas, V. M., & Gladding, S. T. (2014). 20/20: A Vision for the Future of Counseling: The New Consensus Definition of Counseling. Journal Of Counseling & Development, 92(3), 366-372. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2014.00164.x

Lindsey, C. (2014). Trait Anxiety in College Students: The Role of the Approval Seeking Schema and Separation Individuation. College Student Journal, 48(3), 407-418.

Mears, G. (2009). Conducting an intake interview. In I. Marini, M. A. Stebnicki (Eds.) , The professional counselor’s desk reference (pp. 127-134). New York, NY, US: Springer Publishing Co.

Mortensen, R. (2014). Anxiety, work, and coping. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 17(3), 178-181. doi:10.1037/mgr0000020

Sharpley, C. F., Jeffrey, A. M., & Mcmah, T. (2006). Counsellor facial expression and client-perceived rapport. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 19(4), 343-356. doi:10.1080/09515070601058706

APPENDIX, TRANSCRIPT:

Therapist: Could you tell me about your childhood. What was it like growing up?

Client: Umm, I had a pretty solid upbringing. My parents stayed together and took good care of my sister and me. We moved a few different states because of my dad’s job and ended up in Florida.

Therapist: Oh?

Client: I didn’t get to keep friends for very long because of the constant moving.

Therapist: I understand that you had to move a lot as a child because of your father’s job and earlier you stated that you weren’t looking forward to seeing him during the holidays. Do you think you resent him because of the constant moving?

Client: I’m sure that has a lot to do with it. I just feel like he never made time for us.

Therapist: So you feel hurt by the fact that he was always working.

Client: Kinda, I know he loves us but I think he could have tried to spend more time with us.

Therapist: That must be very difficult for you. Is this something that you would like to address more during the course of therapy?

Client: Thanks, sure.

Therapist: Can you tell me about your relationship with your mother? What is she like as a person, and what was she like as a parent?

Client: I’m very close with my mom and in terms of the type of mother she was, she was always caring and like catering to others. Do you know what I’m talking about?

Therapist: So your mom is attentive?

Client: Yes, always putting the needs of others and the people she cares about before her own.

Therapist: Now I’d like you to describe a specific encounter with your mother, something that stands out. It can be an incident that’s typical of your relationship, really meaningful, really good, really bad, whatever comes to mind.

Client: I remember I ran off and got lost at a mall once when I was young and she searched frantically and found me despite how many people there were. I was scared and was crying and she came and comforted me.

Therapist: That must have been a chaotic time for you. Is this one of the reasons why you say she is so caring?

MMM306 Final Exam

Student’s Name

Student ID Number

Question 1

Introduction

Top management teams and scholars in various fields acknowledge the challenge that globalization presents to organizations today. Businesses are keenly aware of how tough it has become to identify suitable internationalization strategies and choosing the right country to invest and do business with. Still, a majority of companies, especially multinationals corporations, have stuck to approaches that have been conventionally deployed, emphasizing the standardized strategies to new markets and the occasional experimenting with minimal local twists. Consequently, many MNCs are struggling to come up with successful approaches to enter and conquer emerging markets. Starbucks desire to venture in to the Republic of Baldokistan presents a similar scenario. The management of Starbucks must address some important considerations as it ventures into a new, international, emerging market given its unique institutional environment. By entering this market, Starbucks will see to fruition a long term plan to gain more control and bargaining power over the supply chain of raw materials essential to its global business operations. Baldokistan provides a good avenue for such a bold business venture and will support the company’s internationalization strategy.

Analysis

The international business landscape has changed significantly over the last decade following the 2008/2009 financial crisis that crippled firms and industries alike. The last three two years have also changed how international business is conducted with the prevalence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, a fundamental reality is maintained that despite the volatility of emerging markets and their differing economic abilities, they are essential to the development and growth of international companies. Established MNCs have learned that winning in the emerging markets is not easy. In countries such as Baldokistan, the business environment can turn out very difficult, hard to navigate bureaucracies, and poor infrastructure may hamper an organization’s efforts to succeed. Yet, a majority of organizations such as Coca Cola have continued to dominate and succeed in these markets. For Starbucks, capturing important growth opportunities will be key to making a name for itself in a nation that remains largely untouched by the outside world. Before intense competition for raw materials and other resources emerge, Starbucks must employ its strength to control the savvy domestic players.

Starbucks will enter the Baldokistan economy via foreign direct investment (FDI) under a greenfield investment. At present, the external environment in the host country is FDI-conducive as the nation is labelled a a fast-growing emerging economy, the next golden hub of agricultural and food production business opportunities in modern Asia, and a highly adaptable country that is committed to undertaking radical social, political, and economic reforms to align itself with the leading economies in the world and actively engage with and participate in world socio-economic affairs. Further, the country is predicted to become one of the top countries in Asia in terms of ease of doing business in the next five years. These elements are important to Starbucks as they reveal stable nation, one that has the political, legal, environmental, social, cultural, and technological ability to drive the company’s internationalization agenda in Asia.

FDI in the form of business acquisitions has grown in efficiency and strategic alignment. This is an indication that the emerging economies are continuously building advanced local sectors and industries that are attractive to investment targets including MNCs. In the Greenfield approach that Starbucks intends to use in Baldokistan, creating a subsidiary to build operations from the ground up will be a welcome idea in a nation that is actively looking for investment opportunities and growth. A greenfield FDI will provide the highest form of control for Starbucks as it realizes its vision to increase its bargaining power through owning a significant portion of the raw materials supply chain. Overall, FDI will play an important role in transferring technology from the home country into thev host country.

FDI continues to be among the most important contributors of economic growth. FDI is not only a key driver of growth for an MNC but also a tool applied to enter and successfully perform in a new economy. For Starbucks in Baldokistan, FDI will generate an impact of technology as well as knowledge transfer, make significant improvements to its competitiveness, improve the productivity and long-run growth of the firm and overall boost the local economy. Yet, the effects of greenfield FDI are not universal but unique to different nations and locations depending on the situation. One benefit in the case of Baldokistan is that a positive spillover effect would grow the productivity of the domestic firms, augment domestic investments and provide a firm entry into the economy for Starbucks.

Starbucks will attain several advantages by employing a greenfield FDI approach to shape the local institutions in Baldokistan. First, the company will gain high level and high-quality control over the sale and manufacturing of products. This will set an industry pace that will allow it to leverage the technologies and knowledge and skills gained through years of operation. It will then be able to attain economies of scope and scale through the marketing, production, and research and development, a fete that other local competitors might not achieve. Years of operations and a host of partnerships around the world will enable the organization to bypass trade restrictions. By creating jobs for the local Baldokistan economy, Starbucks will control local institutions through CSR and other good will initiatives.

The industry-based view ignores the informal and formal institutions that provide competition among industries. The model sees institutions as a background. In contrast, the institution-based view of strategy focuses on the active interaction between organizations and institutions, considering strategic choices as the main outcome of the choices. In the case of Starbucks in Baldokistan, strategic choice is not only driven by the capabilities of the firm and industry conditions, but also informal and forma institutional frameworks that the firm must confront. Institutions dictate the strategy an MNC takes as it attempts to formulate or implement approaches to generate competitive advantage. The differences in institutional systems between Baldokistan, an emerging economy, and the United States, a developed world where Starbucks originates from, will force the company to pay more attention to the differences created in terms of doing business.

Recommendations

Starbucks should grow in the emerging markets by winning locally, a strategy that may be attained through the creation of competitive advantages o the basis of its size, financial capability, market dominance, marketing prowess, and research and development capabilities. Starbucks should transfer its core competencies and capabilities into Baldokistan and then gradually build profit drivers in there as it continues to increase its bargaining power. By tapping into the rural Baldokistan economy, the country will get additional penetration to offset the saturated American market.

Conclusion and Call to Action

Overall, Starbucks will see to fruition a long-term plan to gain more control and bargaining power over the supply chain of raw materials essential to its global business operations. As an emerging market, Baldokistan provides a good avenue for such a bold business venture and will support the company’s internationalization strategy. Starbucks must leverage its core competencies and advantages in terms of its size and financial muscle to create stronger competitive advantage.

Question 2

In an extension strategy, firms are open to various approaches that are all intended at creating the best environment to conduct business. One of the most important avenues is a joint venture. A joint venture provides several benefits including new insights and expertise, better resources, sharing of costs and risks, and are incredibly flexible. Cafe2Go proposed joint venture with a Malaysian firm will provide an opportunity to gain new insights and expertise. It will open up the company to business operations in a new country while hiding behind the buffer of an already experienced business partner. The firm will also reap the benefit of having an access to better resources, including specialized staff and technology, already familiar with the local culture and business operations. The proposal will only take 5 years meaning that the arrangement is by definition, temporary. Overall, the chances of success are higher as the firm is already riding with a renowned brand.

Nonetheless, an issue raised during the meeting is the protection of the firm’s intellectual or strategic assets, particularly the innovation capability of the firm through its unique technology, process and skills of running a specialty coffee shop. This innovation capability has been the foundation of the firm’s competitive advantage because it is not only valuable (V), rare (R), and organised (O) within the firm but also extremely inimitable (I). To address this issue, Cafe2Go will contribute only the amount of information and other resources that are important for the partnership. Intellectual and strategic assets will not be compromised in any way especially the innovation capability of the firm. The use of technical expertise will be protected under the agreement and will only be used to help make the venture stronger. The innovation capability of the organization will allow market penetration in Malaysia, allowing the firm to expand after the terms of the venture come to an end. Overall, the joint venture will provide access to new markets and distribution networks. increased capacity, enable sharing of risks and costs with the local partner, offer access to greater resources, and it is flexible to enable the firm to protect its strategic assets.

It is recommended that the proposed joint venture is an effective strategy that will enhance the firm’s value chain because of synergy and will likely lead to the firm’s competitive advantage in a highly competitive industry in Malaysia. The technological and innovative capability of Cafe2Go will be an important element to push the company forward in a highly competitive industry characterised by buyers’ strong bargaining power. The Malaysian market is not only very competitive but also has pressure from consumers on businesses to get higher quality products, better customer service, and at significant lower prices. Additionally, the markets substantial number of substitutes means that there are other products in other industries that provide similar benefits to consumers. Substitutes limit the potential returns in the industry by placing a ceiling on prices charged to generate profit. Cafe2Go must additionally employ its innovation capability to create competitive advantage. This will allow the joint venture to put pressure on the competition, gain more advantage, and fight the power of consumers and substitute goods in the Malaysian market.