Uncategorized – Page 132 – Julliethewriter

ABRAHAMIC COVENANT

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A biblical covenant generally refers to a religious covenant well described in the bible. The Abraham covenant was for Abraham himself and his offspring’s regardless of whether they were of natural birth and adoption. In genesis chapter 12, the chapter marks the important part of Abrahams promises from God. In this chapter, God promises Abraham a great nation. God also promises to bless him and make his name a great name among other names. In chapter 15 of the book of Genesis, God takes up the responsibility of fulfilling the covenant he promised to Abraham. Chapter of 17 of Genesis gives a full insight that the covenant between Abraham and God would be everlasting. In chapter 18 of the book of the Genesis, the terms and stipulation of the covenant are restated. This reticulation is in accordance to the massive destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. It is interconnected to the offering of Isaac, Abraham’s son.

The chart below gives a tabular description of the covenant between Abraham and God. The reference table gives the chapter and the verse and the content which was said. The second table indicates to whom the content in the verse was addressed to, whether God, Abraham, Isaac or Jacob. The third column outlines the circumstances or situations under which the statements’ in the verses were reiterated. The fourth column indicates the ingredients or materials which composed the covenant. The fifth column outlines the development of the covenant in the book of Genesis. The last column elaborates whether there was any change in the content or any change in the emphasis of the covenant.

Reference Addressed to Circumstance under which it was Reiterated “ingredients” which compose the covenant Development in the Book of Genesis Any change in content or emphasis Genesis chapter 12-1- the Lord had said to Abraham to move out of his home country, from his descendants and fore fathers to the place God would show him. Abraham Gods call for Abraham to move from Haran to Canaan Abraham moved from Haran to the land of Canaan. Started with a call from God to Abraham Emphasis put on faith as Gods call to Abraham required faith Genesis 12:2-and the lord will make Abraham and his descendants a great nation and He will bless him and make your name great; and you shall be a great blessing. Abraham Gods call for Abraham to move by faith

Gods promise of blessings to his seeds and off springs. Abrahams call “I will bless thee”. God promises to make Abraham a great nation Genesis 12:3-I will bless those people who bless you, and will put a curse on those that curses you. In this all your families on earth shall be blesses.

Abraham Again Gods call for Abraham move to faith Gods promise of blessings It contains the start of the stages of development. This chapter gives a strong emphasis of who He will bless and those whom He will curse. Genesis 12:7-and the lord appeared unto Abraham and said, I will give land on to your off springs: and there built he an altar unto the lord, who appeared unto him

Abraham God appears to Abraham on himself. Gods promise to Abraham to give him the land of Canaan. also God commands Abraham to build an alter for Him Develops from stage one where God promises to give Abraham a land Gods promise to Abraham that he will give the land of cannan unto his off springs. God also tells Abraham to build an altar for him on that land that he will give him. Genesis 12:8- the lord removed from there a mountain. Bethel was located on the east of the mountain. He pitched his tent. Bethel was on the east and on the west was Hai. There, Abraham built an altar for the lord. After, he called upon the mighty name of the Lord

Abraham Abraham’s execution of the command from God. Abraham obeying the words from the Lord by building an altar for him in the mountain on Bethel. Develops from where God commanded Abraham to move Abraham built an altar as commanded by the lord. Genesis 12:9-and Abraham journeyed, going on still towards the south.

Abraham Abraham following the order of the lord to move from his original homeland Haran to the land the lord will show him. Abraham obedience to the lord. It takes continuation from the chapters one where the lord had instructed Abraham to get out of his country and leave for the destination he will show him. Abrahams move from the land of his descendants unto the place he will be shown by the lord. Genesis 13:1-Abraham went out of Egypt. He went out with his wife and all his property. He didn’t leave behind Lot with him.

Abraham He moved out of the land Faith and obedience Develops from the command to leave his land Emphasis of leaving the land Genesis 13:3-and Abraham set out on his travel to Bethel from the south. Abraham moved to the destination where he had set his tent between the land of Bethel and Hai.

Abraham Abrahams move Gods alter Develops from where Abraham was to build an altar for the lord Gods emphasis for Abraham to build an alter for Him Genesis 13:4-Abraham reached the place where he had set his tent. He called upon the name of the lord.

Abraham Gods call to Abraham. altar Develops from gods command for an alter Emphasis on the altar. Genesis 13:14-then God said to Abram, Lot had been separated with Abraham. Lift up thine own eyes and look the place where you’re on the north, south east and west.

Abraham God talking to Abraham The promised land to Abraham It takes continuation from the promise land in chapter one The promised land Genesis 13:15-for the whole you see with your eyes, the lord will give it to you. Abraham Promise of God Gods promise of land It develops form chapter one where the Lord promised Abraham to give him a land to settle on. “I will give it to you” Genesis 13:16-and the lord will make the seeds of Abraham many: your seed shall be numbered the way man is able to number the dust on the earth.

Abraham. Gods promise to bless Abraham with many seeds. Abraham’s off springs will be many in large numbers. It develops from Gods promise of a great nation in chapter two. Emphasis on a great nation in large numbers. Genesis 13:17-God told Abraham to rise up and cover the whole land lengthwise and breadth wise. All that land will be given unto him.

Abraham Gods voice to Abraham The promised land Continues from the promise of a new land from which Abraham will settle Emphasis on the land Genesis13:18-Abraham set out the tent he had made, and dwelt in the palin of Mamre, which is located in Hebron, and built an altar as per the commands of the lord.

Abraham Abrahams building an altar for the Lord Setting up of an altar for offering sacrifices to the lord Develops from where God commanded Abraham to build an altar for him. Emphasis on the altar of the lord Genesis 15:1-the lord appeared to Abraham in a vision and told Abraham not to fear anything for the lord is His shield and his exceeding big reward.

Abraham Gods vision Gods promise to protect Abraham Started with a vision from the lord Protection and shield unto Abraham Genesis 15:3-and Abraham told the lord that since he had given him no son, he had no heir of his own.

God Abraham plea to God Abraham complains to the lord that he has no heir Abraham lack of his own child Abraham pled to God to give him his own heir Genesis 15:4-the word of the lord came to Abraham saying that he will get an heir from his own blood.

Abraham Gods appearance to Abraham Lack of an heir to Abraham Continuation from where Abraham complained to God on his lack of a child of his own. God promises to give Abraham a son of his own Genesis 15:5-and God brought Abraham he abroad, and told Abraham to look towards the heaven, if he is able to count the stars, he told him that his seeds shall be countless as the number of stars.

Abraham Gods a appearance to Abraham That his nation will be a great nation with a comparison the number of star s in heaven. Develops from the stage where the lord promised A Abraham a great nation of his own seed. Great nation. Genesis 15:6-and Abraham had strong faith in the lord. Abraham Faith and trust in the lord almighty Abraham obedience to the Lord Developed from the obedience of he commands laid upon him by God Abraham had faith in the lord. Genesis 15:7-and God he said unto Abraham, I am the living almighty who took you far out from the land of Ur, and I will give this land to you to inherit it.

Abraham Gods voice to Abraham He is the only God in existence That Abraham should no other God to listen to. Land to inherit

Genesis 15:8-and Abraham asked the lord how he shall know whether he will get the inheritance.

God Gods address by Abraham Abraham questions how his nation will be great Abraham lack of a heir to his throne Abraham questioning the lord

Genesis 15:9-and the lord instructed Abraham to, to take a heifer which was three years of age, and a she goat aged also three years and a turtle dove and a pigeon which was young enough.

Abraham Gods call to Abraham Gods command It develops from the stage where the Lord commanded Abraham to set up an altar for him Offering unto the lord,

Genesis 15:10-and Abraham accepted all these unto him, and divided the animals in the middle, and laid each piece just adjacent to each other: but he did not divide the birds into two.

Abraham Abrahams action Sacrifice to the lord The building of an altar Sacrifice and offering to the lord

Genesis 15:13-the lord said to Abraham, that his off springs will be strangers in a new land that does not belong to them. His people will serve the strangers. They will be oppressed for four hundred years. Abraham Gods call Suffering of his seeds Develops from the promise of great nation which will deviate from the acts of God. Great nation ,the nation shall serve in the nation of the strangers for a long time

Genesis 15:14-and that the nation that his people will serve will be judged by the Lord. Afterwards, Abraham’s descendants will leave with great things in their possession. Abraham Gods promise His nation becoming slaves in another land The suffering will be as a result of their disobedience to God Victory after the suffering

Genesis 15:15-God tells Abraham that he will go to his fathers in peace having been buried in a good age.

Abraham Gods promise Fulfillment of blessing Abrahams death in good age will be as a result of his obedience A fulfillment of life

Genesis 15:16-but the fourth generation of Abraham shall come hither again since the sins of the Amorites are not yet full.

Abraham Gods projection of what will happen in the future God will save the nation from slavery Sinfulness of the great nation. Revilement of good terms of the nation with God

Genesis 15:17-when the sun had set, and had become dark, a lamp which was burning and a smoking furnace between the pieces which Abraham had laid down.

Abraham Gods manifestation in great power Gods acceptance of the sacrifice Develops from where Abraham built an altar Sealing of the covenant

Genesis 15:18-on that same day, the lord initiated covenant with Abraham, saying, which stipulated that upon the seeds of Abraham, God had given them the land in Egypt till the great river of Euphrates. Abraham Making of a covenant Giving of the land to the Abraham Gods acceptance of the offering The land

Genesis 17:1-when Abraham had attained ninety nine years of age, the lord appeared to Abram, and the lord said to Abraham that he is the Almighty lord, and that he should walk before him and he will receive perfect.

Genesis 17:2-the lord made a covenant with Abraham and made a promise to him that his seeds will multiply in large numbers. Abraham God manifests himself as the Almighty Abrahams attainment of a good old age Obedience of Abraham to God. Good old age

Genesis 17:4-as for the lord, their covenant will still remain between them two. Abraham will live to be and remain father of a great nation

Abraham Gods promise Promise for being obedient Sealing of the covenant Great nation

Genesis 22:2-and he said, take on your only son, whom you love so much and go into the land of Moriah and give him as a sacrifice there on the mountains which I will tell you of.

Abraham Gods call Sacrifice of his only begotten son Develops from the stage where Abraham got a son of his own blood Gods test to Abraham on his faith

Genesis 22:18-and in the lineage of Abrahams seeds, the whole earth will be blessed, for Abraham had obeyed Gods voice..Abraham Gods promise Gods promise Develops from his obedience to the commands of the lord Great nation

Genesis 24:1-and Abraham was old,: and the Lord had blessed Abraham in all these Abraham Fulfillment of a blessing Abraham attained an old age as promised by God Develops from obedience of Abraham Abrahams obedience earns him a good old age

Genesis 26:2-and the Lord made an appearance to Abraham, and said, go not down in Egypt; dwell in the land which I shall tell thee of. Isaac Gods appearance Isaac to from Egypt God starts dealing with Isaac Promised land

Genesis 26:6- and Isaac dwelt in Gerar. Isaac Gods call to Isaac Isaac to move to Gerar Develops from the covenant set with Abraham Continued fulfillment of the promise

Genesis 28:13-and behold, the lord stood above it ,and told him ,I am the lord God of Abraham your father, and also the mighty God of Isaac; the land whereon thou lies, I will give it to you ,and to your seed. Jacob Gods voice to Jacob Promise to bless him and his nation. Develops from the agreement set with their father Continues blessings as promised from before

Business 1301 Internet Assignment #1

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A 100-Year American Company

URL of the internet site used- https://www.caswellmassey.com/

Upon researching on the internet, one of the American companies that have been in business for at least 100 years is Caswell-Massey Company. It is an American original soap and fragrance with historical, and modified formulations liked for many years. This company has really changed over its lifespan producing different kinds of products and services. It is renowned for men grooming essentials, skincare, and soap products. The company usually craft their products with pure, quality components which is the seal of the brand. All products are sulfate-, phthalate-, and cruelty-free to give a pure and lavish personal care experience. The company has changed over lifespan from their earliest original home remedies to new fragrance technology they use nowadays.

The historical shift of Caswell-Massey Company has had a positive impact in a way that it has helped the company create purpose, improve team cohesion, and improve the sense of commitment. The shift has enabled the company to grow, develop, and target more consumers worldwide. The historical shift has increased the efficiency of the work processes in this company, making more satisfied clients and employees. Due to the shift, the new delivery process has increased the speed in which a client gets the products. The rapid change over the years has forced Caswell-Massey Company to restructure and make changes to retain their competitive advantage. The shift has made their products life cycles shorter, which needs augmented investment in development and research to uphold a balanced portfolio of products. The historical shift in this company has led to numerous positive features – that has resulted to remaining relevant in the business sector and also retaining a competitive edge. It has encouraged invention, developed skills, and led to an improved business opportunities.

Even if the times have been tough, Caswell-Massey Company’s founding standards stayed true and forged ahead to generate new achievement and persistently honored the trust that clients place within it. This company rebranded in 2017 which involved the launch of a new catalogue and a new website. Rationalized formulations of their “Centuries” collection and “Heritage” men’s colognes have been re-released. They also re-launched their vital oil business in partnership with MKG Bio Alchemy and prepared 2018 releases of new women’s and unique men’s fragrances in partnership with the globe well-known the New York Botanical Gardens and International flavors and Fragrances. This company continues to produce and formulate innovative, exclusive items that preserve a dependable consumer base. All of its personal care and fragrance products are still made in America, a lot of using the original preparations.

The outbreak of Covid-19 has had an impact on company business operations. Being a soap and fragrance company, the demand for their products has really augmented, increasing their sales and promoting their business all over the universe. One of the significant aspects of driving the worldwide soap business includes the growing overall concerns concerning personal hygiene and cleanliness and the ever-increasing international population. The increasing apprehensions over individual sanitation result from increasing purchasing of personal care products and soaps, mainly through the underdeveloped markets as hygiene and sanitation are given lots of primacies towards a healthy living standard. The hygiene products’ demand has positively impacted the Caswell-Massey Company and benefited them during this Corona Virus outbreak.

About Unilever-The Multinational

About Unilever-The Multinational Company

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About Unilever-The Multinational Company

Introduction

The Unilever Company is a British-Dutch multinational consumer goods firm with head office in London, England. Unilever handles products that range from food, wellbeing vitamins, ice cream, condiments, minerals, and supplements, cleaning agents, coffee, tea, breakfast cereal, pet food, water and air purifiers, personal care products, toothpaste, and beauty products. Unilever has been ranked the biggest soap producer in the world and the third-largest user goods business in the world. Further, Unilever is also the biggest producer of ice cream. Worth noting, Unilever is listed as a dual company which consists of Unilever PLC positioned in London, United Kingdom, and the Unilever N.V. situated in Rotterdam, Netherlands. Both companies operate as a single business and are headed by the same directors. The products produced by Unilever are available in approximately 190 countries across the world. The multinational company has over 400 brands with 2020 recording a turnover of 51 billion Euros. 13 of its brands had sales that surpassed 1 billion Euros in 2020. Unilever is divided into three divisions including Home Care Products, Foods and Refreshments, and Beauty and Personal Care products. Unilever has various research and expansion facilities that are found in the United Kingdom, the United States, China, the Netherlands, and India. This essay is a report of Unilever as a multinational firm including the historical background, business purpose, clientele, web page, and marketing strategies.

Background and History of the Unilever Company

Unilever began as a British soap-making company identified as Lever Brothers. They revolutionalized the action of business by introducing a soap called Sunlight Soap in the 1890s. The idea was William Hesketh Lever invention who founded the Level Brothers. The idea helped the company become the maiden company to make cleanliness popular in Victorian England. Additionally, the soap was emulated worldwide after it became successful in the UK. This made the Lever Brothers more renowned and they obtained more business globally. This success was associated with William’s strategy of both manufacturing and selling the products. In 1872, Van den Bergh and Jurgens formed their own company that produced margarine. At the time, there was a lot of competition in the Dutch margarine industry. In the 1920s, Van de Berth and Jurgen agreed to merge another margarine manufacturer from Bohemia so as to strengthen their company and beat competition (Backhaus, et al., 2001). In 1927, the two main producers of butter namely Van den Berghs and Jurgen were consolidated to form the Margarine Union. Two years later, in 1929, the Margarine Union and the Lever Brothers Company of the United Kingdom merged to form Unilever. In the 1930s, the management and structure of Unilever were termed as a professionally managed hierarchy that was primarily non-family (Cayla & Arnould, 2008). For the purpose of tax, they established two separate entities, one in Rotterdam and the other in London. Historically, Unilever grew to become a multilocal company but it used to work on regional brands with regional supply chains. It was not until the mid and early 1990s that the company began globalizing its brands.

Today, Unilever is ranked as the most consumed product brand in the world particularly in food, personal care, and home care. In 2002, Unilever had attained a global revenue of Ã¢ €š ¬48,760 million (Matusitz, 2010). It continues to have two main parenting companies namely Unilever PLC and Unilever NV. Noteworthy, Unilever has two main competitors including Procter & Gamble and Nestle. Unilever has various products available worldwide particularly food products such as Blue Band, Lipton, Knorr, Broke bond, Walls, and Ben and Jerry. As regards personal care, products such as Vaseline, Ponds, Rexona, Dove, Lux, Pepsodent, Lifebouy, Lynx, Sunsilk are the most common ones.

Unilever’s Business Purpose

Unilever’s industry purpose is simply making sustainable living commonplace. The company’s corporate purpose talks of maintaining the highest principles of corporate performance to all the people they work with, the societies they touch, and the surroundings on which they impact. Unilever brands are actively involved in social change and they place sustainable development at the center of all their activities. For the firm, there are various ways of supporting social causes and contributing to sustainable development. The company, through the objectives of corporate social responsibility and collaborating with NGOs, is able to support social change, In an interview, Anna Palencia, the CSR and Communication Director of Unilever Spain revealed that since 2010, Unilever had come up with a Sustainable Living Plan for the company. The plan is a cross-cutting project that aims that making the quality of life better for millions of people, an objective that is consistent with recent global projects of the United Nations as well as agenda 2030. Alan Jope, Unilever’s CEO said that he hoped the giant global consumer would be remembered for three things namely being a symbol of diversity and inclusion, proving that running a business in a responsible manner can generate better financial outcomes, and is the home of many purpose-led brands. Without a doubt, Unilever is making strides in the right direction to achieve this purpose. Over the years, Unilever has made strides to make the Sustainable Living Plan a reality which is a 10-year strategy for the company’s growth. The strategy plans to reduce its ecological footprint while increasing its social impact. Nowadays, Unilever has many sustainable brands of living like Lifebuoy, Domestos, and Dove that have constantly outperformed the standard growth rate of any of Unilever’s portfolio. In 2019, Unilever made a pledge to reduce the use of plastic casing by over 100, 000 metric tons. It is also its goal to process and collect more packaging than the company sells by 2025. Additionally, Unilever has made notable strides as regards gender equilibrium. In 2019, the corporation attained long-standing goals where women held half of the managerial positions in the many outlets across the world. This represents an increase from 38% in 2010. The company has put up processes to help achieve advancement on gender balance within a short time and the strategy aims at doing this with a sense of urgency. This includes mandatory standards to attain balanced slates such as truly flexible work arrangements like job sharing, an equal combination of women and men candidates for promotions and new hires, nutrition and child-care programs for developing countries, and paternity and maternity leave packages. There is small ground that Unilever has not yet covered in its programs in a bid to attain its business purpose.

Unilever’s Clientele

Unilever Company produces products that target all single consumers in the market that range from the elderly population to the small children. In nearly all households, one of the five products that the people use is a product of Unilever Company. Unilever has managed to attain this success by investing in a variety of products ranging from cleaning products, personal products, and food and beverages. Unilever’s sole aim is to meet the day-to-day needs of people everywhere in the world and assisting them with good products so they can enjoy life (Suganthi, 2016). Because they produce healthy and quality products, it has been easy for them to tap into the needs of healthy consumerism. As a result, Unilever has managed to acquire a wide and loyal market that targets all individuals that have purchasing power. Additionally, because the company realizes that clients have different tastes, wants, and preferences, Unilever has segmented its market by having a wide variety of products and segmenting the market to ensure that all products go well with the end-users.

Unilever’s Web Page.

Unilever’s website employs various elements on its website that point specifically to the business it conducts including links, images, headings, paragraphs among others. To begin with, on the Unilever home page, the company has embedded links for various social media platforms. By clicking on the links, the users are redirected to Unilever’s Facebook page, Twitter, Linked in, Youtube channel (Singh, et al., 2012). Additionally, there are hyperlinks that guide users as to how to communicate with them. There is a link for contact information where users can easily locate the phone number, email address, and physical location of the company. Further, throughout the website, the company has employed the use of subheadings and paragraphs. Furthermore, there are also links that direct users to view published articles and other news and features that the company would want the general population to know about. The headings appear in relatively bigger fonts and bright colors that make it easy for the users to see the information they are searching for (Murphy & Murphy, 2018). Additionally, the website has employed the use of images which make the experience of using the interface even more exciting for users. The images make the experience enjoyable as they are not only interacting with texts but also images. For instance, on the web page, there is an image of a forest that is covered in greenery. The image is used to make reference to the action that their product, Dove, is taking against climate change. Additionally, the company has put u images of some of its leading brands on its homepage including Lifebuoy, Dove, Knorr, Lipton, Rexona among others. This makes it easy for users to know the exact brands that Unilever deals in because by just looking at the images, they can see the logo and identify the products. All these elements are designed to make the customer experience attractive and easy so that they appeal to potential clients.

Unilever’s Marketing Strategies

Unilever’s marketing mix analyses the company in terms of products, pricing, place, and promotion. Strategies such as customer experience, marketing investment, and product innovation have helped the company grow to the multinational firm it is today. As regards product strategy, Unilever products are divided into four categories namely food, personal care, refreshment, and Homecare and Water Purifier (Jurietti, et al., 2017). Unilever’s products have over 400 brands demonstrating its tremendous strength within the FMCG sector. Unilever mostly concentrates on 13 brands whose sales exceed over 1 billion Euros annually. Personal care items comprise the largest category of Unilever recording a turnover of 20 billion Euros. Unilever has a pricing strategy which is penetration. Penetration simply means low process and high quality. The company uses competitive pricing and carries out research about the current market. The prices of items are often changed in accordance to existing market conditions. Additionally, the company has a variety of products that cater to the cost segments that range from high prices to low prices. Noteworthy, the company has formed a prestige division that sells Talenti for the cost of premium ice cream, and premium personal care items.

As regards place and distribution strategy, Unilever has operations in over 190 countries. The company employs a distribution strategy to market the product. The strategy can be explained in terms of the thousands of distributors and millions of retailers it has across the world. The company capitalizes on global distribution and manufacturing to reduce costs. It also has a big distribution channel that includes direct outlets. The company has also set up warehouses in strategic locations. It is here that C &F agents take the goods to stockists before finally getting t the retailers. In India alone, Unilever’s distribution network comprises 45 forwarding agents, 4000 stockists, and about 6.3 million outlets for retailers (Sim et al., 2016). Unilever also employs a promotion strategy. It is among the biggest spender when it comes to marketing with 7 billion Euros going into marketing annually. Unilever integrates e-commerce with digital marketing to drive its sales. Unilever has employed digital campaigns such as the All Tings Hair campaign, an online video channel to market its business. Further, the company has used celebrities such as sportsmen and Film stars to promote their brands globally. Other promotional channels employed by the company include free sampling, discounts, hoardings, and print media to help build the Unilever brand on a global scale.

Conclusion

Unilever is a multinational firm with British roots that deals in products ranging from food, wellbeing vitamins, ice cream, condiments, minerals, and supplements, cleaning agents, coffee, tea, breakfast cereal, pet food, water and air purifiers, personal care products, toothpaste, and beauty products. The company has its headquarters in London, England. The text discusses the firm in terms of its historical background, business purpose, clientele, web page, and marketing strategies. The company started as a soap-making company called Lever Brothers before merging with Margarine Union to form current-day Unilever. Universe corporate purpose talks of maintaining the highest principles of corporate actions to all the people they work with, the societies they touch, and the surroundings on which they impact. The company’s clientele is all single consumers in the market that range from the elderly population to the small children. In short, the clients are people that have purchasing power. Unilever uses elements such as links, images, headings, and paragraphs on its website to appeal to users. Strategies such as customer experience, marketing investment, and product innovation have helped the company grow to the multinational firm it is today.

References

Backhaus, K., Mühlfeld, K., & Van Doorn, J. (2001). Consumer perspectives on standardization in international advertising: A student sample. Journal of Advertising Research, 41(5), 53-61.

Cayla, J., & Arnould, E. J. (2008). A cultural approach to branding in the global marketplace. Journal of International Marketing, 16(4), 86-112.

Matusitz, J. (2010). Disneyland Paris: a case analysis demonstrating how globalization works. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 18(3), 223-237.

Murphy, P. E., & Murphy, C. E. (2018). Sustainable living: Unilever. In Progressive Business Models (pp. 263-286). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

Jurietti, E., Mandelli, A., & Fudurić, M. (2017). How do virtual corporate social responsibility dialogs generate value? A case study of The Unilever Sustainable Living Lab. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 24(5), 357-367.

Sim, S., King, H., & Price, E. (2016). The role of science in shaping sustainable business: Unilever case study. Taking Stock of Industrial Ecology; Clift, R., Druckman, A., Eds, 291-302.

Singh, J., Scriven, J., Clemente, M., Lomax, W., & Wright, M. (2012). New brand extensions: patterns of success and failure. Journal of Advertising Research, 52(2), 234-242.

Suganthi, V. (2016). Marketing strategy of FMCG product: A case study of Hindustan Unilever limited. Marketing, 1(9).

Management- The Coca Cola Company

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The Coca Cola Company

Operating in the highly competitive beverage industry, The Coca Cola Company is one of the leading players in the industry with over 100 years of industry experience, and 140,000 employees worldwide. The company is an international corporation that deals with the manufacture, retail and marketing of its products and services throughout the world. Working under the umbrella of, Coca-Cola, one of the world’s most priceless business brands, The Coca Cola Company’s portfolio entails billion dollar brands comprising Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Coca-Cola Zero, Sprite, Fanta, Sprite, Powerade, and Minute Maid among other reputable brands (thecoca-colacompany.com 1).

This paper presents a business overview of The Coca Cola Company. The paper provides an overview description of the firm, its industry, customers, and operational activities. The paper concludes by highlighting some of the significant recent events.

Industry

As previously mentioned, The Coca Cola Company operates in the cutthroat beverage industry that has seen the collapse of many companies that have tried doing business in it. Because the beverage industry is complex and multifaceted, The Coca Cola Company has managed to develop unique products and services for the sustenance of competitive advantage. Internationally, the company is the No. 1 manufacturer and distributer of sparkling beverages, juices, and ready-to-drink coffees and teas (thecoca-colacompany.com 1).

Customers

The Coca Cola Company serves over 50 billion customers worldwide. The company has outlets in over 200 countries and for that reason, it is estimated that the company serves a remarkable number of 1.6 billion beverage drinks every day (thecoca-colacompany.com 1). The market niche for The Coca Cola Company is approximated to be 40% in the USA, 38% in Asia, and 23% in the rest of the world (thecoca-colacompany.com 1). Notably the target customers for the coca cola brand includes anyone who is old enough and capable of purchasing one of its branded beverages. The customers of The Coca Cola Company are varied and are inclusive of customers with various health problems, who the company has taken an initiative of producing beverages suitable to this group.

Operational Activities

Apart from the daily business operational activities including manufacturing, production, sales, and marketing, The Coca Cola Company engages in various sustainability activities, which have been linked with the company’s success. The Coca Cola Company has long been committed to the building and development of sustainable communities and it engages in a number of projects in relation to this (thecoca-colacompany.com 1). Not only is the company focused on environmental initiatives, it also supports healthy living, safe work environments and the enhancement of economic development for the communities in the regions that the company operates (thecoca-colacompany.com 1). The company’s Operational activities have assisted the company in setting itself aside from its competitors in the beverage industry.

Recent Events

Being the end of the year, the most recent event of The Coca Cola Company involves the 2011 Christmas campaign. This campaign will include a performance of the “Shake It Up Christmas” by the well famed musician, Natasha Bedingfield (thecoca-colacompany.com 1). The Christmas campaign is one the of the company’s marketing and public relations events that the company engages in each year. In addition to this, The Coca Cola Company has also been engaged in cash do nations, as well as, relief involvement in the rehabilitation of those affected by Thailand floods (thecoca-colacompany.com 1). Conclusively, the company has also recently invested in India’s long-term sustainable growth by providing cash donations, which have gone into the development of India as a state (thecoca-colacompany.com 1).

Work Cited

“The Coca Cola Company”. thecoca-colacompany.com,

Retrieved from: http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/?WT.cl=1&WT.mm=footer1-about-red_en_US

Mini-Project I Cultural Analysis Guideline

Mini-Project I: Cultural Analysis Guideline

Introduction

Brief discussion of the country’s relevant history

Geographical setting writing guide

Location

Climate

Topography

Social institutions

Family

The nuclear family

The extended family

Dynamics of the family

Parental roles

Marriage and courtship

Female/male roles (changing or static?)

Education

The role of education in society

Primary education (quality, levels of development, etc.)

Secondary education (quality, levels of development, etc.)

Higher education (quality, levels of development, etc.)

Literacy rates

Political system

Political structure

Political parties

Stability of government

Special taxes

Role of local government

Legal System

Organization of the judiciary system

Code, common, socialist, or Islamic-law country?

Participation in patents, trademarks, and other conventions

Marketing Laws

Social organization

Group behavior

Social classes

Clubs, other organizations

Race, ethnicity, and subcultures

Religion and aesthetics

Religion and other belief systems

Orthodox doctrines and structures

Relationship with the people

Which religions are prominent?

Membership of each religion

Any powerful or influential cults?

Aesthetics

Visual arts (fine arts, plastics, graphics, public art, colors, etc.)

Drama, ballet, and other performing arts

Folklore and relevant symbols

Living conditions

Diet and nutrition

Meat and vegetable consumption rates

Typical meals

Malnutrition rates

Foods available

Housing

Types of housing available

Do most people own or rent?

Do most people live in one-family dwellings or with other families?

Clothing

National dress

Types of clothing worn at work

Recreation, sports, and other leisure activities

Types available and in demand

Percentage of income spent on such activities

Social security

Health care

Language

Official language(s)

Spoken versus written language(s)

Dialects

Summary

Sources of information

Appendixes (If applicable)

Helpful Country Profiles websites:

BBC News Country Profiles http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/country_profiles/default.stmCIA factbook: https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/Global Edge Country Insights: https://globaledge.msu.edu/global-insights/by/country

Writing instructions:

12-font size, times new roman, 1-inch margin on all sides, single-spaced. Suggest to keep and only keep two levels of subtitle. APA or MLA format. No page limit.

Try to avoid the following Fatal Writing Flaws. If you have multiple writing flaws in your paper, you will have a lower grade.

1. Subject/Verb Agreement

2. Rambling/Run-On Sentences

3. Grammatical Errors

4. Poor Sentence Structure

5. Pervasive Spelling Errors (more than a couple typos)

6. Informal or Inappropriate Language

7. No Conclusion

If this paper contains ANY plagiarized content, you will fail the course. Plagiarized content includes any and all of the following:

Material taken word-for-word from another source that is not properly cited.

Material that is repeated word-for-word from another source and is not put into quotation marks

Material that is put into your own words but still follows the original author’s thought pattern and is not cited. However, citing something like this is only ok for small points, not whole sections of your paper.

You are strongly encouraged to use references to guide your writing but I am more interested in hearing YOUR ideas and YOUR arguments. You should not rely on quotes from other sources to make up the bulk of your paper. They should be used sparingly and only to support YOUR arguments.

Any sources that you do use should be valid sources such as the text book, library books, journal articles, news stories, or government websites. Any other websites should not be considered valid resources – especially Wikipedia. Use of Wikipedia will immediately result in a failing grade (40).

Purdue has an excellent website with tips and instructions on how to properly use and cite references to prevent plagiarism. You may use either APA or MLA format.

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/Country Project I and II Grading Rubric

____/10There was a clear introduction and conclusion

____/10 Paper has been proofread, with limited grammar, spelling, and punctuation and formatting errors.

____/25Comprehensive and detailed nature of the research. Cover as many guidelines and as detailed as possible.

____/25Interpretation of the collected information. This should not be a list of facts about the country, but a broader picture of these conditions and what it means for international companies. In addition, how this country is different from the United States?

____/20Quality of information sources. Outside sources are properly cited (Reputable sources must be used, rather than only internet sources).

____/10The writing is coherent and flows well.

____/100Total Grade

Format Example is on the next page

Format Example:

Mini-Project I: Cultural Analysis of United States of America

Introduction

The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

Geographical setting writing guide

The United States of America’s location is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

XXXXXXXX

The United States of America’s climate is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

XXXXXXXX

The United States of America’s topography is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

Social institutions

Family

The United States of America’s family is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Education

The United States of America’s education is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Political system

The United States of America’s political system is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Legal System

The United States of America’s legal system is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Social organization

The United States of America’s social organization is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Religion and aesthetics

Religion and other belief systems

The United States of America’s religion is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Aesthetics

The United States of America’s aesthetics is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Living conditions

Diet and nutrition

The United States of America’s diet and nutrition is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Housing

The United States of America’s housing is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

Mini-Project II Economic Analysis Guideline (2)

Mini-Project II: Economic Analysis Guideline

Introduction

Population

Total

(Growth rates; Number of live births; Birthrates etc.)

Distribution of population

(Age; Sex; Geographic areas (urban, suburban, and rural density and concentration); Migration rates and patterns; Ethnic groups etc. )

Economic statistics and activity

Gross national product (GNP or GDP)

(Total; Rate of growth (real GNP or GDP)

Personal income per capita

Average family income

Distribution of wealth

(Income classes; Proportion of the population in each class; Is the distribution distorted?)

Principal industries

(What proportion of the GNP does each industry contribute? Ratio of private to publicly owned industries etc.)

Foreign investment

(Opportunities? Which industries?)

International trade statistics

(Major exports; Major imports etc. )

Labor force

(Size; Unemployment rates ec.)

Inflation rates

Other economic activity

Minerals and resources

Surface transportation

(Modes; Availability; Usage rates; Ports etc. )

Communication systems

(Types; Availability; Usage rates etc. )

Working conditions

(Employer-employee relations; Employee participation; Salaries and benefits etc. )

Socioeconomic activity

Developments in science and technology

(Current technology available (computers, machinery, tools, etc.); Percentage of GNP invested in research and development; Technological skills of the labor force and general population etc.)

Channels of distribution (macro analysis)

Retailers

(Number of retailers; Typical size of retail outlets; Customary markup for various classes of good; Methods of operation (cash/credit); Scale of operation (large/small) etc.)

Wholesale middlemen

(Number and size; Customary markup for various classes of goods; Method of operation (cash/credit) etc.)

Media

Availability of media

Costs

(Television; Radio; Print; Other media (cinema, outdoor, etc.)

Summary

Sources of information

Appendixes (If applicable)

Helpful Country Profiles websites:

Writing instructions:

12-font size, times new roman, 1-inch margin on all sides, single-spaced. Suggest to Keep and only keep two levels of subtitle. APA or MLA format. No page limit.

Try to avoid the following Fatal Writing Flaws. If you have multiple writing flaws in your paper, you will have a lower grade.

1. Subject/Verb Agreement

2. Rambling/Run-On Sentences

3. Grammatical Errors

4. Poor Sentence Structure

5. Pervasive Spelling Errors (more than a couple typos)

6. Informal or Inappropriate Language

7. No Conclusion

If this paper contains ANY plagiarized content, you will fail the course. Plagiarized content includes any and all of the following:

Material taken word-for-word from another source that is not properly cited.

Material that is repeated word-for-word from another source and is not put into quotation marks

Purdue has an excellent website with tips and instructions on how to properly use and cite references to prevent plagiarism. You may use either APA or MLA format.

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/Country Project I and II Grading Rubric

____/10There was a clear introduction and conclusion

____/10 Paper has been proofread, with limited grammar, spelling, and punctuation and formatting errors.

____/25Comprehensive and detailed nature of the research. Cover as many guidelines and as detailed as possible.

____/20Quality of information sources. Outside sources are properly cited (Reputable sources must be used, rather than only internet sources).

____/10The writing is coherent and flows well.

____/100Total Grade

Format Example is on the next page

Format Example:

Mini-Project I: Cultural Analysis of United States of America

Introduction

Population

Total

Distribution of population

The United States of America’s distribution of population is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

Economic statistics and activity

Gross national product (GNP or GDP)

The United States of America’s Gross national product (GNP or GDP) is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

Personal income per capita

The United States of America’s personal income per capita is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

Average family income

The United States of America’s average family income is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

Distribution of wealth

The United States of America’s distribution of wealth is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

Principal industries

The United States of America’s principle industries is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

Foreign investment

The United States of America’s foreign investment is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

International trade statistics

The United States of America’s international trade statistics is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

Labor force

The United States of America’s labor force is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

Inflation rates

The United States of America’s inflation rates is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

Other economic activity

The United States of America’s minerals and resources is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

The United States of America’s surface transportation is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

The United States of America’s communication systems is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

The United States of America’s working conditions is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

Socioeconomic activity

Developments in science and technology

The United States of America’s developments in science and technology is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

Channels of distribution (macro analysis)

The United States of America’s retailers is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

The United States of America’s wholesale middlemen is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

The United States of America’s retailing is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

Media

The United States of America’s availability of media is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

The United States of America’s costs is The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country). The United States of America, commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country with 50 states, with a population of over 327 million people (the third most populous country).

Summary

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Sources of information

National Geographic. (2018). Field guide to the birds of North America. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic.

Iverson, C., Christiansen, S., Flanagin, A., Fontanarosa, P. B., Glass, R. M., Gregoline, B., et al. (2007). AMA manual of style: a guide for authors and editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Herrnstein, R., & Murray, C. (1994). The bell curve: intelligence and class structure in American life. New York, NY: Free Press.

Appendixes (If applicable)

Marijuana Effects on Students

Students Name

Professors Name

Course Number

Date

Marijuana Effects on Students

Marijuana is also known as weed, cannabis, dope or pot. It is made up of dried flowers and leaves of the cannabis plant. It is made up of compounds such as tetrahydrocannabinol which is also known as THC and Cannabidiol also known as CBD. The THC has a powerful mind-altering effect while CBD has no effects at all. There are many methods to use Marijuana, and each unexpectedly influences users. Marijuana can be moved up and smoked like a cigarette (joint) or an unpolished stogie. Cannabis can be burned in a pipe as well. People mix it in sustenance once in a while and eat it or mix it as a tea (edibles). Smoking oils, thoughts, and Marijuana plant concentrate are on the rise. It is called “spotting” by individuals who use this training.

Marijuana use among students has become widespread since it’s the most affordable and readily available among students. According to the Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Higher Education Center, nearly 33 percent of all Americans sooner or later tried weed in their lives. Marijuana, also known as pot or marijuana, is seen as a tranquilizing portal that prompts sedates with progressively positive results more earnestly. (Herbert, 1973, pg. 259-270) Cannabis in itself is overflowing with positive reactions, especially when it comes to the creation of psyches and bodies. Students adequately concerned about grown-up obligations and classes, often swing to pot for discharge, failing to understand the impacts of marijuana usefully.

Assessments and educational achievement are very often associated with undergraduate medication abuse, reports the Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Higher Education Center. Understudies that smoke pot is bound to invest extreme energy measures at meetings and take less time into account. In a recent study carried out among the peers in 2012, cannabis use was found to be heavily abused among teens. Marijuana affects the attention and concentration of a student plus the memory is also greatly affected. Those students using this drug mostly find themselves having issues of memory loss or low level during classes. There is a notion that when you take this drug, then one becomes cleverer of one can concentrate and work extra hard which is a white lie.

More seniors in high school smoke pot now than smoke cigarettes and seniors in high school are mostly prone to smoking weed as they are to drink starting in 2015. Students using marijuana are less likely to spend more than two hours out of every day in studies and typically transmit a normal or less. Understudies using marijuana will concentrate, misguided thinking capabilities and decrease long haul memory in general experience issues. Long term usage prompts inspiration drained and worries about the future and their professions. Many high school teachers would ask for dissent and believe pot authorization to be the biggest up and upcoming test in and around schools. The proof is also their adversary. Someone who smokes weed everyday may work most or continuously in a diminished academic dimension. Extensive evidence recommends that undergraduates who smoke pot have less successful educational results than their non-smoking peers.

Someone who smokes weed every day may work most or continuously in a diminished academic dimension. Extensive evidence suggests that undergraduates who smoke pot have less successful educational results than their non-smoking peers. Similarly, a few investigations have linked enormous cannabis use to reduce wages, more notable dependence on welfare, unemployment, criminal behavior, and lower fulfillment of life. Additionally, studies have recommended clear connections in the working environment between pot use and conflicting results, such as expanded hazard for damage or mishaps.

Weed clients also tend out of identity propensities and the discharged obstacles that go with cannabis clients to other high-chance practices. In addition to drinking liquor and smoking cigarettes, the vast majority of school matured cannabis clients. They are associated with dangerous sexual practices that place them at expanded risk of explicitly transmitted diseases. Since weed moderates response times, driving impaired puts car crash associated understudies at a more serious hazard. (Christine M, 2013, pg. 702) Cannabis smokers of any age, such as bronchitis and emphysema, are at high risk of developing respiratory diseases. Also, undergraduates still in the formative stages face delays in sexual advancement and a decrease in sperm creation. Pot smoking can disturb menstrual cycles and lead to anovulation decline. Weed use harms the insusceptible framework, leaving a higher risk of disease-creating understudies and slower rates of recovery from underlying diseases such as cold or influenza.

In students, the rapid impacts of weed use are quite often apparent. Endless supply of THC synthetic compounds in cannabis, expanded pulse, dry mouth, and ragged eyes experience understudies. They lose coordination and experience issues that interfere with class work and social connections, talking and tuning in. The modified conditions of being high make getting and holding new data increasingly difficult and understanding new thoughts and data. Maryjane is mentally irresistible, which can prompt a degree-spending requirement for treatment and time-loss. Use of this drug has been the leading cause of impaired coordination among students and also causing a lack of organization on most the students.

Marijuana causes a decline in the school performance of users. This is so because the students who smoke bhang end up getting lower grades because of lack of concentration and most of these students’ end up dropping out of schools. Marijuana use has been associated with a range of mental health issues in adolescents such as depression or anxiety. Psychosis was also seen in adolescents at higher risk, such as those with family history. Unlike grown-ups, the adolescent cerebrum is creating compelling and will not be entirely formed regularly until the mid-20s. Weed use can hurt the creating youth mind amid this period. These students using this drug is likely to experience difficulties when thinking and solving the problem.

Like some other medication, the effects of cannabis on an individual depend on different components, including the past involvement of the individual with the prescription or various medicines, science (e.g., qualities), sex, how the medication is taken, and how solid it is. Other harmful effects on the brain and body could make the pot more damaging than a drug. Another problem with Cannabis as a prescription is that the fixings are not the equivalent of the plant to plant in fact. There’s no real way to recognize what kind of concoction you get and how much you get.

There are various explanations behind the cannabis use increase proceeding between understudies and non-school youth. One probable reason is the steady decline in the impression of danger from regular use of pot damage. In 2017, 27 percent of those 19-22 matured saw the customary use of cannabis as the most minimal dimension since 1980, conveying the extraordinary danger of injury. The use of marijuana may be physically and sincerely unsafe from time to time. A Harvard School of Public Health investigation found that 9 out of 10 understudies (91 percent) using weed are interested in other high-risk exercises, such as overwhelming drinking or smoking cigarettes. It is also linked to a variety of different social and behavioral issues, including criminal acts, confinement, and poor execution of scholastics.

The rapid impacts of undergraduate pot use are quite frequently apparent. Endless supply of synthetic THC concoctions in marijuana, expanded pulse, dry mouth, and red eyes experience understudies. They lose coordination and experience issues that interfere with class work and social connections, talking and tuning in. The changed conditions of being high make obtaining and holding new data and fathoming new thoughts and data increasingly difficult. Cannabis is mentally irresistible, which can prompt a degree-spending requirement for treatment and time-loss.

Some students see cannabis as a purely recreational drug that fills in as a transitional school experience. This discernment, much the same as with liquor use, fails to recognize the potential threats of weed use. Unlike well-known assumptions, the use of marijuana may be harmful. The use of liquor and various medicines may be associated with a wide range of adverse outcomes. A portion of these involves decreased scholarly execution, battle, vandalism, assault by associates, and unprotected sex. While these results are related to cannabis use, no evidence using marijuana makes these practices happen straightforward.

Supported cannabis use for those experiencing trouble in critical thinking and poor memory can directly influence academic achievement. The long-distance application can also prompt “inspirational disorder.” This is the place customers are incredibly unmotivated in their lives and their performance of educational, vocational, and individual goals. Long-distance use can also prompt a diminished ability to manage stressors that often go with self-awareness and accomplishment. It’s a piece of academic achievement. It should be noted, however, that it has not yet been resolved whether weed use causes this disorder, prompts it, or merely is connected with it.

Cannabis is the second most continuous drug used by understudies. Approximately 46.9 percent of the undergraduates reviewed in 2006 have announced their lifetime use of cannabis. Weed use expansion was accounted for among all races and types of understudies, but the investigation found that most marijuana clients were white. Pot use was higher among those interested in other high-chance practices, such as hitting the bottle hard, smoking cigarettes, and numerous sexual accomplices. At universities in the Northeast and least in Southern schools, weed use was most unusual. At universities regarded “concentrated,” and at least at those regarded “not aggressive,” it was also most amazing.

According to a survey done, the use of Marijuana among students on a day to day basis is more than any three decades ever recorded or experienced. The closer day-to-day use of cannabis in 2014 was more typical than the daily use of blue cigarettes, the specialists found. Only 5.2% of understudies said they continuously smoked cigarettes, down from about 19% in 1999. The expansion in cannabis use may be linked to an adjustment in how young people view the medication. In 2006, 55% of 19-to 22-year-olds said they saw ordinary use of marijuana as unsafe, but in 2014, the review found that only 35% said the equivalent. Also, the medication has recently been legitimized by an increasing number of states for medicinal or recreational purposes. Undergraduates can introduce new increases in the use of populace marijuana except when schools use the issue with new or altered weed counteractive action and mediation projects before great location.

Approximately 40% of secondary school understudies have tried to weed, although young people who participate in games or other extracurricular exercises are less inclined to use the medication, as another investigation shows. Undergraduates of high school who took part in sports or extracurricular activities were less likely to use the drug than those without after-school exercises. Adolescents handled a particular case. Understudies that revealed a non-school occupation were bound to have used cannabis than the unemployed individuals. (Parker-pope, 2011) Even though cannabis use is regularly expelled among young people as a kindhearted transitional experience, analysts note that the high utilization rate is worrisome, as the minds of undergraduate secondary school are still creating.

If drugs, such as liquor, weeds, tobacco, and barbiturates are understood to be misused, this will legitimately adversely affect their academic execution. Simple access to drugs at home or school will have an impact if an understudy is likely to be an addicted person. The general population’s way of life in the network and around the school has a legal effect on the life of the understudy. Excessive use of liquor, especially hot mixes, is regular in the area, hence attached to understudies taking the propensity of companions and guardians and holding in the general public with other clients of medicines. Whatever it may be, the demeanor of an understudy towards misuse of medication, affected by instruction and information, may add to choosing not to or at any rate not to take medicine. The influence of these factors on scholarly execution in schools could also be affected by social components, such as network recognition or absence of petition, which was the examination’s interceding variable.

Like liquor, cannabis abuse also plainly hinders scholastic capacities that limit academic performance. A generous minority of undergraduates who are marijuana every day manage very defamed types of behavior that may include, for example, criminal action that conflicts with the law or when people take part in illegal acts to subsidize their use of medication. The use of addictive medicines often affects partners and the more comprehensive school network, such as offering a smoker a room in the grounds. The despair among students of police capture here and there prompts cannabis smokers to disappear subsequently having a negative mental impact, thus inspiring poor performance in academic work and dropping out of school some of the time.

It was clear from the reactions of the students that they knew about the effects of drug misuse. Tobacco use prompts a lack of focus on studies, missing classes, physical deficiencies, lack of rest, lack of desire, and companion dismissal. The impacts of the absence of capable residents, school indiscipline, weakness, and taking, high school dropout rates, poor academic performance, and individual carelessness were also given by school executives who were met. Each of these qualities inevitably leads to dropping out of school and poor execution of scholastics.

In conclusion, Marijuana has been the leading cause of school dropouts and violence. To keep away from this, the administration should ensure that all instructors are all around prepared to counsel and stop the drug use in schools. Cannabis use ought to be directed and understudies discovered utilizing these medications ought to be sent on academic discipline. The understudies ought to be taken through the advising forms to empower them to change generally advantageous. It ought to be the duty of all understudies to state no to tranquilize misuse and deliver those that hawk these medications to them.

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), High School Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data. 2016 [cited 2016 November 16, 2016]; Available from: http://nccd.cdc.gov/youthonline/

Lee, Christine M., et al. “Indicated prevention for college student marijuana use: a randomized controlled trial.” Journal of consulting and clinical psychology 81.4 (2013): 702.

Morean, Meghan E., et al. “High school students’ use of electronic cigarettes to vaporize cannabis.” Pediatrics 136.4 (2015): 611.

NIDA. “College students at increased risk for smoking marijuana.” National Institute on Drug Abuse, 21 Apr. 2017, https://www.drugabuse.gov/news-events/news-releases/2017/04/college-students-increased-risk-smoking-marijuana. Accessed 25 Apr. 2019.

Richard A. Miech, Megan E. Patrick, Patrick M. O’Malley, Lloyd D. Johnston, “The Influence of College Attendance on Risk for Marijuana Initiation in the United States: 1977 to 2015”, American Journal of Public Health 107, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): pp. 996-1002.

Business and Economic Review In my opinion, the assertions about TikTok and some other tech companies cannot be fully reliabl

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Business and Economic Review

In my opinion, the assertions about TikTok and some other tech companies cannot be fully reliable. Of course, tech companies can pose a severe threat to national security; however, the plan is primarily orchestrated to economically sabotage Chinese technological innovations to allow money leakages back into the United States (“Trump Effort to Keep U.S. Tech Out of China Alarms American Firms”, 2020). Some crucial personal information is left on the internet servers, and some criminals might steal this data and use it to conduct criminal activities. The government has every right to protect its citizens and organization concerning the matters of national security. Some privacy that can be invaded includes personal emails, photos, work information, and cell phone contacts, as they are left exposed on the internet and can be used for fraudulent activities.

I do not think that banning the technology if the parent company refuses to sell the operations to US firms will resolve anything. I believe foreign companies should be given fair opportunities and treated similarly to how the United States corporations operating abroad, provided they comply with the rule of law. The parent company is well equipped to managing whatever technology it has invented as opposed to force-selling in the US firms. Perhaps, they might be forced to sell it, and since they are the one who created it ends up compromising the same data, the United States government are trying so hard to protect. TikTok has done quite a lot proving how more transparent their operations and practices are while playing so hard to disregard any association with Beijing, where sweeping national security law enacted by the Chinese government was made effective most recently (“Trump Effort to Keep U.S. Tech Out of China Alarms American Firms”, 2020). TikTok global head of security vowed that the app is committed to maintaining robust security practices. It has always practiced that, even allowing outside firms to conduct audits on its technology.

There are two main methods for strictly regulating services importation, namely, through quota systems and tariffs. Through a quota system, the United States government can limit the number of foreigners or rather the minority groups entering the US every year while also limiting their numbers in business firms as per the policy document. When the United States imposes a quota to those Chinese tech firms, it will restrict their trade operations, limiting the monetary value of product services that the United States is importing while allowing such firms to operate in our country. In other words, quotas work to boost domestic production at the foreign output expense by restricting foreign competition (Rodrik, 2018). As it is commonly known, foreign corporations are subject to paying a massive amount of taxes. If the United States decides to ban the TikTok company, it will be losing some enormous sums of revenue needed for the economic gains of our country. Similarly, a relatively high number of jobs will be lost in banning TikTok.

Tariffs significantly hamper the economic growth in a given country as it raises prices and reduces services available to the consumers (Rodrik, 2018). TikTok can be forced to pay a massive amount of taxes to operate in the United States, making their operations difficult and even cutting down their revenues. On economic terms, imposing tariffs and strict trade policies lead to a substantial drag in the country’s economy (Rodrik, 2018). Taxes impose costs that extend beyond the direct price of a dollar increases on targeted goods and services. When it comes to US services, the introduction of tariffs might translate to domestic producers’ financial gains since their production is made relatively more competitive than imports. It also leaves the citizens who cannot afford local services more vulnerable to economic disadvantages as import services are relatively lower.

By selling TikTok, it means that the United States government is trying hard to prevent Chinese tech firms from dominating in advance technologies to protect American tech companies. If the parent company for TikTok eventually sells it to American firms, all the money will now be in the United States’ hands, and there will be no money leakages. TikTok may be a revenue source to the United States, but more money is plowed back to China. Through selling will significantly boost the American economy. However, if they decide not to sell but rather be banned in the US, the United States will be losing revenue. In my opinion, it not worth gambling to restrict this trade since it is already a source of income for our government. The government should not only think of short-term goals but even plans. Perhaps, if restriction happens, some foreign investors might be scared to invest in the United States.

As the presidential advisor, I would advise the president to force the parent company for TikTok to sell the technology to American firms because this technology company is currently performing well in terms of profitability than several Silicon Valley tech companies . In 2019, TikTok pulled close to $3.6 billion in profits, based on Bloomberg reports. These figures are far much better than companies like Twitter, who recorded a profit of $1.5 billion or even Snapchat that are currently undergoing losses. The business will serve to protect domestic industries from remaining in a competitive technological edge as China continues.

References

Rodrik, D. (2018). What do trade agreements really do?. Journal of economic perspectives, 32(2), 73-90.

Trump Effort to Keep U.S. Tech Out of China Alarms American Firms. Nytimes.com. (2020). Retrieved 7 October 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/16/business/economy/us-china-technology.html.

About the Causes

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About the Causes, Symptoms, Effects, and Treatment for Depression

Introduction

Statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reveal that 9.1% of the population suffers from minor or major depression. Feeling down, sadness, and sudden loss of interest in day-to-day activities are feelings that are familiar to people with depression. However, if they persist and interfere with the individual’s life, they may be suffering from depression. The World Health Organization reports that depression to be the leading cause of disability in the world and it affects all populations, including children, adolescents, and adults. Depression is defined as a mood disaster involving persistent feelings of loss of interest and sadness. Depression is a different condition from the mood fluctuations that people regularly encounter in their life. Depression is not a passing problem but rather an ongoing one. Depression can last years, months, and weeks. Some of the common forms of depression include major depression, bipolar disorder, persistent depressive disorder, psychotic depression, and postpartum depression. This essay discusses the symptoms, causes, effects, and treatment options for depression.

Signs and Symptoms of Depression

The signs and symptoms of depression differ across populations. Some of the general symptoms of depression include depressed mood, recurrent suicide threats, loss of interest that once gave an individual pleasure, difficulties in making decisions, loss of sexual desire, guilt, and changes in appetite. Depression is also manifested by fatigue, unintentional weight loss of gain, slow speech, agitation and restlessness, and sleeping too little or too much. Some depression symptoms, including anxiety, fatigue, mood swings, ruminating, and irritability, appear more in women than in other populations. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) posits that depression occurs twice in women as men. As regards the male population. The American Psychological Association notes that approximately 9% of the men in the United States have encountered anxiety and depression (Malhi and John, 2299). Men who suffer from depression are at more risk than women to drink excess alcohol, demonstrate anger, and engage in risky behavior due to depression. Common depression symptoms among men include excessive working without breaks, abusive or controlling behavior, avoiding family and social situations and difficulties in keeping up with family responsibilities. Among college students, some of the common symptoms of depression are insomnia, excessive sleep, avoiding social activities, difficulties concentrating in school, and decreased or increased appetite. College students have a stressful time because it is the first time the students are encountering other lifestyles and cultures. In teenagers, peer pressure and physical changes tend to trigger depression. Some of the common depression symptoms among teenagers include, restlessness, helplessness, withdrawal from family and friends, and difficulties concentrating in school. In children, common depression symptoms include vocal outbursts, clinginess, crying, deviant behavior and low energy. The Centers for Disease Control estimate that at least 3.2 % of children have suffered depression. Young children face difficulties expressing their feelings in words making it difficult to let their caregivers know they feel sad.

Causes of Depression

Although the medical fraternity is yet to fully understand the causes of depression, there are various possible causes of depression. Abuse is one of the factors that increase the chances of suffering depression. Sexual, emotional, and physical abuse can make a person vulnerable to depression. Substance abuse also causes depression. 30% of people with substance abuse problems also display clinical depression. Gold, M., et al. (22) note that “although the drugs and alcohol tend to temporarily make the addict feel better, eventually they aggravate to depression.” Another risk factor is age. Elderly people especially those without social support, are at higher risk of depression. Certain medications such as corticosteroids, interferon-alpha and isotretinoin tend to increase an individual’s risk of depression. Death or loss of a loved one also tends to trigger depression. Conflict such as personal disputes or conflicts with friends or family members also increases a person’s vulnerability to depression. Genes also increase the likelihood of suffering from depression if there is a history of depression in the family. Depression is seen as a complex trait that is caused when various genes exert small effects exacerbating disease risk. Worth noting, like most of psychotic disorders, the genetics of depression are not as straightforward as in other diseases that are purely genetic, like cystic fibrosis. Additionally, gender is also a risk factor for depression because women are twice at risk of suffering depression than men. Although nobody is sure why the hormonal changes for women during various points in their lives may have a direct role in this. Additionally, major events such as getting married, graduating from college, and even starting a new job can trigger depression. Even events such as losing income or a job, relocating to a new city, retiring, or getting divorced can also cause depression.

Effects of Depression

Depression has serious effects on a person’s physical health and well-being. In the United States, depression is among one of the widespread mental illnesses, affecting nearly 26% of the adult population (Eichstaedt et al., 11203). One of the effects of depression includes a weakened immune system. Depression weakens the body’s ability to combat diseases such as common cold and even more serious and long-term diseases like cardiovascular disease. Depression also results in low interest in sex. This is because it makes an individual lose interest in activities they enjoy doing, including sex. Additionally, antidepressants also affect a person’s libido. Another effect associated with depression is fatigue. If left untreated, depression wipes out a person’s energy levels during the day. Daytime fatigue can also be a result of nighttime insomnia. Another effect of depression is increased sensitivity to pain. People with depression tend to suffer headaches and other pain and the pain does not go away with medication. Weight fluctuations are also another effect of pain. Depression leads to loss of appetite and overeating. Depressed people who try to cope with food using food end up suffering stomachaches and obesity-related diseases while poor feeding habits lead to nutritional deficiencies. Additionally, stress and depression make blood vessels constrict, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Depression also increases the risk of suffering a heart attack. Depression also brings along feelings of clinginess because it affects a person’s daily activities ultimately making them feel lonely. In children depression leads to clinginess and refusal to attend school. Depression is also associated with cognitive changes such as difficulty making decisions and memory. These symptoms are particularly common with the older populations who have a hard time concentrating. Depression also causes individuals to be preoccupied with thoughts about death and hurting themselves. This places them at an increased risk of committing suicide.

Treatment Options of Depression

Depression is a condition that can be treated and managing the symptoms is done through drug treatment, support, and psychotherapy. Drug treatment involves taking antidepressants that a doctor prescribes. Support entails discussing practical solutions and taking the time to engage and educate the family members. Psychotherapy entails cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and one-on-one talking sessions. Antidepressants help in treating moderate to severe cases of depression. Some antidepressants used to treat depression include atypical antidepressants, tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Each class of antidepressants acts on a specific neurotransmitter or a combination of some neurotransmitters. Depressed individuals should only take medication as per the doctor’s instructions. Worth noting, some medications take time before having an impact and patients that stop using the medications are not likely to encounter the full benefits of the drugs. Some of the antidepressants, such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have major side effects, including rash, sexual dysfunction, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, weight loss, and low blood sugar (Gururajan, 686). Other medication alternatives to depression include natural remedies and supplements. Some of the popular plants and herbs used to treat depression include lavender, ginseng, chamomile, and St. John’s wort. Before using any herbal remedy to treat depression, it is imperative to consult with a doctor. Some of the non-herbal supplements that help treat depression are 5-hydroxytryptophan and S-adenosyl methionine. Psychotherapy for treating depression includes problem-solving treatment, interpersonal psychotherapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. Some forms of depression are best treated using psychotherapy, while others respond best to a combination of medications and psychotherapy. Interpersonal therapy helps individuals identify the emotional problems impacting their relationship, how the issues affect their mood and the best solution for the problem. Exercise also helps in addressing depression. Aerobic exercise raises endorphin levels that stimulate the neurotransmitter associated with a person’s mood. Brain boosting therapies are also treatment option for depression. If the person does not respond well to drug treatment, they can benefit from electroconvulsive therapy.

Conclusion

In closing, depression is a serious mental health condition that effects all populations including children, adolescents and adults. Depression is an ongoing and persistent feeling of mood disaster in people. It is best characterized by sadness and loss of interest. The signs and symptoms of depression are different for various populations such as men, women, teenagers, children and adolescents. Some of the common signs of depression range from suicidal thoughts, depressed mood, loss of interest in activities, loss of sexual desire, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Causes of depression range from sexual and emotional abuse, substance abuse, age, gender, conflict, certain medication, genes to even the death of a loved one. Effects of depression include a weak immune system, insomnia, reduced interest in sex, fatigue, and headaches. Treatment options for depression include support, drug treatment, and psychotherapy. Before taking medication for depression, individuals should seek the advice of a medical practitioner.

Works Cited

Eichstaedt, Johannes C., et al. “Facebook language predicts depression in medical records.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115.44 (2018): 11203-11208.

Gold, Stefan M., et al. “Comorbid depression in medical diseases.” Nature Reviews Disease Primers 6.1 (2020): 1-22.

Gururajan, Anand, et al. “The future of rodent models in depression research.” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 20.11 (2019): 686-701.

Malhi, Gin S., and J. John Mann. “Depression.” The Lancet 392.10161 (2018): 2299-2312.

Bullying is widely acknowledged as a serious public health problem affecting teenagers

Annotated Bibliography

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Thesis

Bullying is widely acknowledged as a serious public health problem affecting teenagers. The increased use of the internet worldwide, along with the popularity of social media platforms, have contributed significantly towards the increased prevalence of bullying among children and teenagers. Thus, researchers must focus sufficient attention on adolescents’ and teenagers’ bullying. This research paper is devoted to uncover the risk factors and effects of bullying as well as prevention measures for bullying.

Annotated Bibliography

Bradshaw, J., Crous, G., Rees, G., & Turner, N. (2017). Comparing children’s experiences of school-based bullying across countries. Children and Youth Services Review, 80, 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.06.060In this journal article, the authors compare the experiences of children about school-based bullying in diverse countries. The authors utilize data from an international survey that involved children aged between 8 and 12 years in 16 different countries in order to explore the differences in rates of bullying in schools and the relationships between bullying experiences and the subjective being of children within and between countries. The findings of the study suggested that there are between-country differences in the rates of diverse types of bullying. There were also significant differences in the chances of being bullied based on age, deprivation, and gender. Another significant finding was that children who had bullying experiences had meaningfully lower subjective well-being compared to those who did not have the experience. The journal article is a credible resource because the analysis conducted by the authors is consistent with prior international studies exploring variations in rates of bullying at national levels. This article makes a significant contribution to this research which explores the risk factors and the impact of bullying on teenagers.

Hellström, L., & Lundberg, A. (2020). Understanding bullying from young people’s perspectives: An exploratory study. Educational Research, 62(4), 414-433. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2020.1821388In this journal article, the authors explore young people’s perspectives about bullying. The exploratory study utilizes the Q methodology where q tests which comprised of 23 items ranked in order, were given to the participants who were aged between 11 and 13 years. The results of the study indicated that older students had the tendency to rank items occurring offline as more severe when compared to those happening offline. Additionally, bullying privately was viewed as more severe in younger students while repetitive bulling publicly was considered as of highest importance during bullying behavior definition in older students. The journal article is considered a credible resource since other scholars have cited the resource severally. Additionally, the authors have borrowed different ideas from other credible resources concerning bullying. This journal article has a significant contribution to this research which explores the risk factors and causes of bullying in teenagers.

Cuesta, I., Montesó‐Curto, P., Metzler Sawin, E., Jiménez‐Herrera, M., Puig‐Llobet, M., Seabra, P., & Toussaint, L. (2021). Risk factors for teen suicide and bullying: An international integrative review. International journal of nursing practice, 27(3), e12930. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.12930In the journal, the authors aim to analyze teenage bullying and suicide risk and protective factors. The authors applied an international integrative review approach on five major databases, which are CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, Cuiden, and Google Scholar. The findings of the study suggested that being male, underachievement, family dysfunction, among other factors as the most significant risk factors. Additionally, being female, having a two-parent family, a safe school environment, an involved teacher, and having a good family relationship as protective factors for bullying and suicide. This journal article is a credible resource since the authors reviewed information from credible databases. Besides, the authors searched for articles that were published between January 2010 and December 2020. This resource makes a huge contribution to this research which aims to recognize the risk and the protective factors of bullying.

Bakar, A. Y. A. (2021). A systematic literature review on the effects of bullying at school. SCHOULID: Indonesian Journal of School Counseling, 6(1), 35-39.

The authors conducted a systematic literature review to explore the impact of bullying at school. The study adopted a qualitative approach where data was gathered using a document analysis procedure. The findings indicated that bullying leads to physical, emotional, and health effects on students. Additionally, the results suggested that bullying affects the academic performance of the victim. This resource is a credible one since it has cited information from different credible sources. Additionally, document analysis was done on articles that were published within the last ten years. This article makes a significant contribution to this study since it presents the effects of bullying, which the current research aims to explore.

Fullchange, A., & Furlong, M. J. (2016). An exploration of effects of bullying victimization from a complete mental health perspective. Sage Open, 6(1), 2158244015623593. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2158244015623593In the journal article, the authors explored the adolescents’ exposure to cyberbullying, its frequency, and perceived seriousness. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to the participants who were aged between 12 and 18 years. The results indicated that girls frequently reported at least one dimension of cyberbullying in the previous year when compared to boys. This proportion was highest among 14-year-olds and lowest among participants at the age of 18 years. This resource is a credible one since other scholars have cited it in their work. Additionally, the authors have utilized resources from other scholars who have been cited in the article. This resource has an important contribution to the current study, which aims to explore the risk factors of bully among teenagers.

Moore, S. E., Norman, R. E., Suetani, S., Thomas, H. J., Sly, P. D., & Scott, J. G. (2017). Consequences of bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World journal of psychiatry, 7(1), 60. https://dx.doi.org/10.5498%2Fwjp.v7.i1.60The authors of the journal article explored the effects of bullying victimization in both childhood and adolescence. A systematic review and meta-analysis were the methods applied by the authors in the study. The systematic review was done in reliable databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, ERIC, and PsycINFO, while meta-analysis was based on quality-effects approaches. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between bullying victimization and different adverse health and psychological problems. Strong evidence was noted between mental health issues such as anxiety, depression and suicidal behavior, and bullying. This article is credible because the authors review articles that are derived from reliable databases. This article is essential in this study which aims to explore the effects of bullying on teenagers.

Nurlia, A., & Suardiman, S. P. (2020). The phenomenon of bullying in junior high school students nowadays. International Journal of Education and Learning, 2(1), 7-13.

In this journal article, the authors investigate how the issue of bullying occurs in junior high school students. They apply a qualitative methodology approach and interview technique is used as the approach of data collection. The participants involved in these interviews are counseling guidance teachers in these schools. The findings of the study indicate that students in junior high school conduct physical, verbal and cyberbullying behavior. The results also show some of the factors of bullying which include history of being a victim of bullying, peer factors, behavior within seniority, economic status, violence from the media among others. This is a credible resource mainly because the article has been cited in various studies exploring bullying phenomena. This resource is essential for the current study which investigates the risk factors of bullying among teenagers.

Hong, J. S., Kim, D. H., Thornberg, R., Kang, J. H., & Morgan, J. T. (2018). Correlates of direct and indirect forms of cyberbullying victimization involving South Korean adolescents: An ecological perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 87, 327-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.06.010The authors of the journal article aimed to assess the associates of direct and indirect variations of cyberbullying in different contexts. The data used in the study was derived from a study by Korean Children and Youth Rights on adolescents. The results indicated that male sex and depression had a positive association with bullying victimization at individual level while parental neglect was associated to indirect victimization at microsystem level. At the same level, neglect by parents and dysfunction in the family were related with direct and indirect victimization. On the other hand, abuse by teachers and victimization in school were related with victims of direct and indirect cyberbullying. This resource is a credible one since the authors utilize data gathered by a reliable organization. The journal article is important in the study because it asses the risk factors of bullying in different domains.

Hall, W. (2017). The effectiveness of policy interventions for school bullying: A systematic review. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 8(1), 45-69.

The author of this journal article conducts a systematic review to explore and summarize the findings of studies assessing the effectiveness of bullying policies in schools. The review is conducted on 11 bibliographic databases. The findings of the review indicate that more educators view policies on bullying as effective rather than ineffective. Some studies indicate the quality or presence of policies is related with reduced rates of student bullying while some studies did not find any association between them. The study also found that schools with policies providing protection based sexual orientation and gender identity were related to better protection of , LGBTQ since fewer harassment and more frequent and impactful interventions were done by the personnel in these schools. This study is a credible one because it has borrowed ideas from other credible studies on bullying in schools. This journal article is important in the current research which aims to explore how bullying can be prevented among teenagers.

Charalampous, K., Demetriou, C., Tricha, L., Ioannou, M., Georgiou, S., Nikiforou, M., & Stavrinides, P. (2018). The effect of parental style on bullying and cyberbullying behaviors and the mediating role of peer attachment relationships: A longitudinal study. Journal of adolescence, 64, 109-123.

The aim of the authors of journal article was to examine the longitudinal impact of the style of parenting on short-term changes in cyber and conventional variations of bullying or victimization. The mediating role of peer attachment relationships was also investigated in the study. 861 adolescents and children in Cyprus public institutions were involved in the study. The findings indicated that parenting is an important factor in predicting all variations of bullying or victimization. Another significant finding was that peer attachment relationships has a mediating effect on the impact of style of parenting on forms of bullying. This article is a credible on since the authors have borrowed concepts from other reliable articles on bullying. The study is essential in the current research because it discusses the risk factors of bullying among teenagers.

References

Bakar, A. Y. A. (2021). A systematic literature review on the effects of bullying at school. SCHOULID: Indonesian Journal of School Counseling, 6(1), 35-39.

Bradshaw, J., Crous, G., Rees, G., & Turner, N. (2017). Comparing children’s experiences of school-based bullying across countries. Children and Youth Services Review, 80, 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.06.060Charalampous, K., Demetriou, C., Tricha, L., Ioannou, M., Georgiou, S., Nikiforou, M., & Stavrinides, P. (2018). The effect of parental style on bullying and cyberbullying behaviors and the mediating role of peer attachment relationships: A longitudinal study. Journal of adolescence, 64, 109-123.

Hellström, L., & Lundberg, A. (2020). Understanding bullying from young people’s perspectives: An exploratory study. Educational Research, 62(4), 414-433. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2020.1821388Hong, J. S., Kim, D. H., Thornberg, R., Kang, J. H., & Morgan, J. T. (2018). Correlates of direct and indirect forms of cyberbullying victimization involving South Korean adolescents: An ecological perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 87, 327-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.06.010Moore, S. E., Norman, R. E., Suetani, S., Thomas, H. J., Sly, P. D., & Scott, J. G. (2017). Consequences of bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World journal of psychiatry, 7(1), 60. https://dx.doi.org/10.5498%2Fwjp.v7.i1.60Nurlia, A., & Suardiman, S. P. (2020). The phenomenon of bullying in junior high school students nowadays. International Journal of Education and Learning, 2(1), 7-13.