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Michelin Tire Company

Introduction

This paper researches the Michelin tire company. It describes the company and provides a brief history of its operations. Then it identifies any of the sources of risk or uncertainty in its operations. Then it states there any government regulations that have affected this company’s operations domestically or abroad. After that it describes the inputs that are used in this company’s production function and identify any challenges to securing these inputs. Then it determines the company has introduced new products in existing markets or created new markets over time. After that it determines the price of its products increased or declined over time and analyzes the reasons for price fluctuations. It analyzes the company’s profitability. Identify the economy or industry influences on its costs, operations, and profitability. It describes the competitive environment in which the firm operates the distribution of market power, and the strategic behavior of the firm and its competitors. Then it Identify any non-price competitive strategies that the company might be engaging in. lastly it evaluate if the company made any mistakes in its decisions over time, and recommend any changes or improvements for the future operations and recommendations.

History of the company

Michelin Tire Company prides as global leader in the tire’s innovation, giving forward looking solution for helping the roads transportations industry in bid to attain the competitive edge as well as for meeting the ever pressing need of society for the fuel efficiency, safety along with respect for the environment. Michelin Tire Company had been 1st for patenting radial tires that had been used widely as well as popular in automotive industry. Michelin has century of innovation and progress in the tire design along with several product firsts CITATION Whe13 l 1033 (Where We Have Been, 2013).

At end of the month December 2005, the company posted thirty % growth in net income at $1.049 billion, with the over $18.40 billion in the net sales, up to 3.6% from previous year CITATION Mic131 l 1033 (Michelin Annual Report, 2006). While this industry continues for consolidating in short terms, Michelin has been continued for expanding the products line and for operating in the new regional market. Now, Michelin has global sale network in one seventy countries, seventy one manufacturing plants in nineteen countries, 6 rubbers tree plantations in the Nigeria and Brazil and extensive brands portfolio, which includes BF Goodrich and Michelin as flagship brand of company and 2 distribution networks such as TCI and Eurometer.Risk or uncertainty in its operations

Michelin Tire Company is the biggest tire maker of the world, which drew thirty five percent of 2003 annual sales from the North America. Whereas normally it would expose French company to the dollar euro currency’s exchange risk, it wasn’t worried about the exchange rate. They had compensated for loss caused through translating the American incomes in-to euros by buying the raw materials, which have been priced in the dollar.

Michelin Tire Company is old company, made on the family operation standard; aiming is for steadily growing without taking very much risks. Expanding to emerging markets now has required for securing the future’s growth as well as for keeping the position as second biggest world-wide tire manufacturer. Major threat, which Michelin faces have been raw materials supply as well as possible future shortage. Rubber is 1/3rd of cost of company, so any of the fluctuation in the rubber may affect Michelin dramatically. Through investing in the Research and development for finding the ways to secure the supply as well as finding new resource, Michelin is enforcing really the future’s largest threat. Financial stability and management, which Michelin has shown in the tough times has been re-assuring and provides the proof that Michelin adjusts quickly to situation of world’s economy & has able to keep making the profit. Government regulations that have affected this company’s operations

Michelin has needed for replacing the tires as per government regulations. Though there have been ways for identifying which specific tires have been affected, rule of recalls is that tire recall has done through date code.

It applies to the cars. Though cars can VIN, recall has done through VIN range & not through the individual vehicle. When car does not have specific part on this, this is not a part of recall, and the way this has stated identify what the vehicles have been affected such as the vehicles with four speeds automatically transmission, and many more. Only as they may identify the individual transmission, recall has stated like affecting them all.Inputs that are used in this company’s production function

Michelin Tire Company has backed by extensive portfolios of the brand, which broaden the premium territory to the other segment. Productivity achieved in current years has made this possible for profitably growing such brands at the faster pace.

With the brand’s portfolio, the company may serve the motorist requirements across market, including the sports model as well as SUV with the BF Goodrich, mid range segment with 2 strong regional brands such as Uniroyal in the North America and Kleber in the Europe and entry level segment with Kormoran, Tigar, Taurus and Riken brands, every in the respective market. Boosted through development of the automotive as well as road transport in the fast growing region, Tier 2 along with Tier 3 segments account for forty percent of global tire’s market. Positions of Michelin in such segments have been being deepened and broadened with the dedicated brand that derive competitive benefit from the performance and from the production techniques that comply with the values of the company.

In the Europe, the production capacity might be doubled at plant in the Romania and Serbia that manufacture already twelve million tires for such segments. In the Asia, Michelin has been expanding by partnerships.

In the China, joint venture has set-up with the Double Coin Holdings Ltd. And Shanghai Huayi Group Co. for manufacturing the car along with light truck tire and for marketing these locally under Warrior brands. This will operate plant recently being built in the Wuwei Anhui province approx. four hundred kilometer west of the Shanghai. Michelin owns forty percent of venture and Chinese partners sixty percent.

Presenting total costs of the CNY three billion, approx € 390 million from which forty percent has committed by Michelin, project eventually produces up fifteen million Warrior brand tires in one year.

Recent Michelin plants in the China can be used for producing Michelin brand tire for China market. Using such similar business model, the other partnerships can be formed for driving fast growth.The company has introduced new products in existing markets

Michelin Tire Company not just is in rubber and tire business, for several years, now it has published Michelin Green and Red Guides with maps. Red Guide is guide book for restaurants and hotels that in the starting had been only such located in the France. Now such guides have been published the grading food as well as lodging to many places across world. Green Guides have been for the tourism. Michelin publishes map of the areas like European countries, France, Thailand, Africa and US. Michelin made Via Michelin digital map service, which gives travel and mapping solution for mobile, internet and satellite navigational product with the street level coverage of the Europe, US, Australia as well as parts of the South America and Asia.

The other way the company stays at top of market is variety and globalization. Michelin is largest tire manufacturer of the world; this has production plant in the Germany, France, USA, UK, Brazil, Canada, Japan, Thailand, Italy as well as many other countries CITATION EPS13 l 1033 (EPSA, 2013).  In correlation with the new tire’s production, the company produces own rubber for the new tire along with retread facilities. It vast span of the countries this manufactures each possible kind of tire of any form of the transportation imaginable, including the automobiles, airplanes, earthmovers, bicycles, heavy-duty trucks, farm equipment, motorcycle and space shuttle. It enables the Michelin for being profitable in many areas of business and adjusts to changing market at any of the time and pushes consistently the competitor for keeping up. Price fluctuations 

Tire that becomes un-serviceable because of condition covered through such workmanship as well as material limited warranty can be replaced with comparable new Michelin tire, and free of charges, when two third of inch or less of original treads has worn, and within twelve months of date of the purchase. Balancing and Mounting of tire has included. We pay cost of any of the other service charge as well as applicable tax. If more than two third of inch of the original tread has worn or after twelve months from the date of buy, we should pay cost of comparable new Michelin passenger on the pro rata base.

Retailer determines the charges through multiplying % of actual usable tread worn through recent sale price at adjustment locations or price in current Michelin Base Pricing List whichever is less. Determine charges through multiplying % of the mileage received through recent actual sale price at adjustment location or price of tire in recent Michelin Base Pricing List whichever is less. Such list has based on pre-determined pricing intended to represent fairly actual sale price of tire. We pay cost of balancing, mounting and any another dealer services along with applicable taxes.Company’s profitability

Operating profit EBIT and EBITDA

2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005

EBIT 1695 862 920 1645 1338 1368D&A 965 940 928 823 871 803EBITDA 2660 1802 1848 2468 2209 2171

We see from Cash-Flow statement, which EBITDA accounted before nonrecurring income as well as expenses in the year 2010 for €2,660 million. It presents increase of the €858 million in comparison to the year 2009, in the line with variation of the operating profit. From such data, we know that Michelin is considering profitable financing process, production unit’s performance has being sufficient for creating the wealth. Such wealth has been going for being allocated in various parts like net financial expense, nonrecurring item as well as corporate income tax.

Net financial expense of Michelin reflects financial policy of the company through reflecting the size of debts burden as well as levels of the interest rate. For the year 2010, Michelin financial expense presented €229 million and it decreased when we has compared this to the year 2009, where the financial expenses had been up-to €258 million. 

2010 2009 2008 2007

Cost of Net Debt -236 -292 -330 -294Other financial income and expenses 10 40 -3 29Share of profit and loss from associates 29 9 10 17Net financial expense -197 -243 -323 -248

When we have looked at number, we can see that financial expenses of company dramatically decreased, beginning from the year 2009. It is largely because of reduction of cost of the net debt, such as there is good cooperation with the banker and has good borrow capacity. Additionally, we may see will for becoming much independent through becoming more & more self financed. Control of the levels of the debt has really rigorous because of fact that even when major share holders have been institutions, Michelin remains based on family business model, such as this is much concerned on the long run growth rather than on the maximization of the profit in short term.

The 2nd element for considering while analyzing the operating income is non-recurring items as well as items particular to the consolidated accounts. Though, such information isn’t displayed through company and we may guess that this isn’t relevant to the analysis.Following on this, we take deep look in-to corporate income tax. Income tax has been very much volatile. In fact the company Michelin is parent company of the tax group, which comprises fourteen French subsidiaries. Every subsidiary pays when it paid income tax on standalone basis and it remains recorded in-to the company income.

Competitive environment

Michelin Tire Company operates in competitive market with many competitors, which is either from the Europe or from the emerging countries. The 4 major producers are Michelin, Bridgestone, Goodyear along with Continental that have been counting for above fifty percent in world-wide market. 

Though, new entrant like Yokohama, Sumitomo, Hankook as well as coming from the Asian countries gained rapidly the market shares. Such companies focus often on specific area offering good value for the money with the lower quality product.

Michelin had owned eighty four production sites world-wide, most of these located in the Europe. Though, Michelin has begun construction of three production sites in the India Chennai, China Shenyang and Brazil Pau Brasil for total investments of two billion euros. This must enhance production capacity in such countries through eighty percent till 2016 as well as offer tire at competitive price as per low purchasing power of such countries. It will be affected by low cost brand of the Michelin known as Warrior that is well known in the Asia.

As many countries have been becoming more environmental friendly, Michelin should anticipate vote of the law for protecting environment particularly in the North and Europe America, 2 largest markets in the terms of the sales. Through enhancing the production of the eco friendly tire, they could be able for facing new environmental needs from the organism, government and even from the car manufacturer partner, which are investing already in the hybrid as well as less polluting trucks and cars. Tires companies, which aren’t anticipating such changes, wouldn’t survive in such high competitive market.Non-price competitive strategies that the company might be engaging in

There isn’t much scope for the non price competition in the pure competitive market. In general, the companies try for distinguishing the product from the competitors through advertising the unique features. This is tough for doing this with the commodity product. In the pure competition market, the firms might emphasize the length of the time in business and choose prime location for distinguishing themselves.

For the replacement tire of the passenger car as well as light truck, global market has been shown modest values along with volume growths since starting of decade. It has occurred in face of enhancing product costs and input because of rubber prices and rising energy. Looking forward the global average price is likely for decreasing with the increasing competition and as the companies have been becoming vertically integrated, this can be possible for keeping the costs down; as the global demand can remain high, outlook for market is positive.

After trying decade, once again outlook for tire as well as rubber market is positive because of strategic acquisition, innovative solution along with re-invigorated customer demand. Therefore, market has concentrated. Bridgestone is leading player with twenty percent market’s share while Michelin closely follows with twenty percent. 66 percent of total revenues of the market have been generated through 4 leading players in industry. A reason for such level of the consolidation is that market fairly has low margin. OEM (Original equipment manufacturer) market has dominated through few big buyers automobile manufacturers, who have placed the pressure on the tire manufacturers for innovating as well as keeping the prices down. Small companies unlikely have been for competing due to insufficient scale economy for coping with big buyers. As after market has many buyers, biggest tire companies have been active in OEM as well as aftermarkets.Company made any mistakes in its decisions over time, and recommendations

There is not sufficient investment in the Research & Development for resolving the raw material as well as innovation problems. There is high competition from the Asian producer practicing low pricing strategy. There is also a threat to company for failing to change. Competition has been fierce and lead the industry such as company should be innovative as well as given best products, services and quality at best price in every market segment, which this decides for serving, the company seeks for offering best solution. So, in several markets like passenger car, truck as well as agricultural vehicle, this implements multi brand strategy adapted for broad range of the requirements of customers.

With status, Michelin has already throughout world; promoted new tire won’t be complicated.   All this has required is little bit of focusing as well as effective marketing research & application for the Michelin for emphasizing the position in auto industry.   

Michelin is un-disputed leader in most demanding technical segment along with designs forward looking solution for helping road transportation industry in bid for continually improving competitive edge as well as for meeting modern societies for pressing requirements for the fuel efficiency, safety and respect for environment.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY l 1033 EPSA. (2013). MICHELIN. Retrieved August 4th, 2013, from http://www.epsaonline.com.ar:

http://www.epsaonline.com.ar/page.php?section=3

Michelin Annual Report, 2006. (n.d.). Retrieved August 4th, 2013, from

http://www.michelin.co.jp: http://www.michelin.co.jp/var/michelin_site/storage/original/application/8d9af45a43829145d8ee033c3ab5027a.pdf

Where We Have Been. (2013). Retrieved August 4th, 2013, from http://www.michelinman.com:

http://www.michelinman.com/about-us/where-we-have-been.page

Manage Separation/Termination Processes:

(Author’s name)

(Institutional Affiliation)

Abstract:

Firms tend to focus on voluntary disclosure of information of earnings disclosures, management forecasts, and to a lesser extent, overall disclosure levels.

Firms are likely to voluntarily include accounting information along with quarterly earnings announcements when current earnings are relatively less informative, or when future earnings are relatively more uncertain. This way, the information is likely to have a greater demand for additional value relevant information such as balance sheets to help assess firm’s value. These types of firms are likely to be

(1) In high technology industries;

(2) Reporting losses;

(3) With larger forecast errors;

(4) Engaging in mergers or acquisitions;

(5) That are younger; and

(6) With more volatile stock returns.

Dye (1985) argues that managers have incentives to make voluntary accounting disclosures when market participants find the disclosures useful in assessing firm value. Investors find voluntary balance sheet disclosures relatively more useful in assessing firm value when current earnings are less informative, or when future earnings are more uncertain. They are likely to demand additional value relevant disclosures to supplement the information contained in earnings. Similarly, because future earnings are more uncertain among firms whose operations are less predictable (such as younger firms), investors are more likely to demand additional disclosures when they evaluate younger firms (Lang, 1991)

High-tech firms operate in rapidly changing environments that make their future operations, and hence future earnings, relatively more uncertain. While balance sheet information is also problematic in valuing intangibles and in resolving future uncertainty, analysts find various accounting information particularly useful in valuing high technology companies. For example, cash balances are important in assessing the ability of high technology companies to enter new markets, to make new product launches, and to survive until the next round of financing. Similarly, inventory and receivables management is particularly critical for these firms due to the uncertainty of their operating environment and the untried nature of their products and customer base (Palazzo, 1999; Ramstad, 1996).

Firms are likely to disclose their accounting information when they report losses. In the presence of a loss, earnings fail in their primary role as an indicator of future earnings (Collins et al., 1997). Moreover, because losses cannot be sustained indefinitely, firms experiencing losses are more likely to liquidate, making their abandonment value more relevant in assessing shareholder value.

Accounting information disclosed is likely to be useful in interpreting the valuation implications of earnings when reported earnings differ from market expectations. The firm’s managers are likely to guide market participants in understanding why earnings diverge from expectations, as well as the valuation implications of the divergence. Balance sheet disclosures can provide this guidance because balance sheet accounts can be useful in interpreting reported earnings (McGough and Podd, 1999). For example, working capital accounts provide investors with value relevant information about the nature of reported accruals.

Firms with quarterly earnings that deviate from analysts’ forecasts are more likely to disclose balance sheet information in their quarterly earnings announcements.

Firms that engage in mergers or acquisitions during the quarter are likely to disclose balance sheet information in their quarterly earnings announcements. Investors are likely to have a relatively greater demand for balance sheet information when firms engage in merger and acquisition activity. Mergers and acquisitions are likely impact the firms’ future operating activities, which in turn are likely to increase the uncertainty related to their future earnings. Accounting disclosure will help the investors assess the impact of the merger and acquisition activity on future earnings. For example, the total asset number can be used to predict the normal component of future earnings (Ohlson, 1995).

Younger firms are more likely to disclose accounting information in their quarterly earnings announcements. This impacts the demand for value relevant information is the firm’s age. Lang (1991) argues that firms with greater uncertainty about future earnings such as younger firms are likely to reap greater benefits from additional disclosure.

Firms with more volatile stock returns are likely to disclose information in their quarterly earnings announcements. Stock return volatility is also likely to be associated with accounting disclosures. High stock return volatility is consistent with greater uncertainty about future earnings, because stock price is a function of expected future earnings. Since investors are likely to have a greater demand for information when future earnings are more uncertain, we expect that firms have greater incentives to voluntarily disclose additional value relevant information.

Verrecchia (1983) analyzes voluntary disclosure in the context of accounting information and argues that full voluntary disclosure will not always occur. He demonstrates that when private information disclosure results in proprietary costs, the market is likely to interpret non-disclosure with less suspicion because the costs of disclosure can exceed the benefits to shareholders when proprietary costs are sufficiently large. This suggests that consideration of proprietary costs may reduce management incentives to make voluntary balance sheet disclosures.

However, Verrecchia (1983) also observes that management decisions to make accounting disclosures are typically not decisions of disclosure versus non-disclosure, but rather decisions of accelerated versus delayed disclosure.

If the balance sheet disclosure firms’ earnings are relatively less value-relevant, we expect the relation between earnings and price to be relatively weaker for these firms, providing them with an incentive to supplement their earnings announcements with balance sheet disclosures.

Conclusion

Voluntary accounting information disclosures are being motivated by investor demand for additional value relevant information to supplement reported earnings. Usefulness of accounting information in valuing securities by identifying the circumstances under which market participants are likely to demand, and firms are likely to provide, voluntary balance sheet disclosures.

In summary:

Each company is unique

A one-size-fit-all accounting standard approach will not work for all companies’ disclosure demands

Accounting standards can just rule all companies to disclose some common owned information – cash, liabilities, amount of expenses, etc.

References

Collins, D.W., Maydew, E.L.,& Weiss, I.S., (1997). Changes in the value relevance of earnings and book values over the past forty years. Journal of Accounting and Economics 24.

Dye, R., 1985. Disclosure of nonproprietary information. Journal of Accounting Research 23,

Lang, M.H., 1991. Time-varying stock price response to earnings induced by uncertainty about the time- series process of earnings. Journal of Accounting Research 29.

Lang, M.H., Lundholm, R.J., 1996. Corporate disclosure policy and analyst behavior. The Accounting Review 71.

McGough, R., 2000. Lucent’s mission is to regain trust of wary investors. The Wall Street Journal

Ohlson, J., 1995. Earnings, book values, and dividends in security valuation. Contemporary Accounting

Palazzo, A., 1999. Datron weathers transition to new markets. The Wall Street Journal (June 30). Ramstad, E, 1996.

Verrecchia, R., 1983. Discretionary disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Economics 12.

Brexit Decision Vote on Globalization

Name

Institution Affiliation

Brexit Decision Vote On Globalization

Introduction

Globalization refers to a dynamic phenomenon that constitutes various elements, which cuts across various boundaries and leads to worldwide or global integration. In contrast, Brexit refers to the campaign spearheaded by the U.K to exit the European Union (EU). The existence of globalization today traces back to the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 (Elliot, 2016 par. 1). Globalization was an idea that was developed to ensure that countries had the opportunity to improve their transnational capital and allow the movement of people from one region to the other. Since 1989, globalization has accelerated, with there being high movements of goods, capital, and people. The high movements diminished the roles of states, and the market forces were believed to be unstoppable. However, globalization has faced many obstacles since its introduction. For example, the protests in Seattle of 1999, where there was the World Trade Organization meeting is evidence in opposition to globalization (Cohen & Schwartz, 2016 par. 2). It was inevitable that globalization will still face rejection by different nations, especially the developed ones. The Brexit decision was a vote against globalization, but at the same time, the decision cannot slow the progress of globalization.

Brexit Vote was Against Globalization

Despite the role that globalization has played in improving trade and travel across the globe, there are individuals or natives in different countries, for example, England who feel like globalization has done the opposite. They think that it has led to an increase in unemployment and the high population growth, which also places the readily available jobs at risk for the natives (Coyle, 2016 par. 3). The slogan that was used to campaign for Brexit itself led by the lead campaigner PM Boris Johnson was “Let’s take back control,” which shows how desperate Britons were to move out of European Union bureaucracy and globalization. The slogan also showcased the frustrations of Britons, which can be highlighted with some of the challenges that they have been facing since the incorporation of globalization. Brexit was just an option that was considered by countries that are trying to create a barrier to some of the negative impacts that have been associated with globalization (Blockmans, 2016 pg.182). Generally, England thought that globalization was the problem since it is the root cause of some of the problems in their country.

Some of the reasons that led to the Brexit vote are deeply rooted in the U.K society, and it is attributed to globalization. The frustration is not only shared by a majority of Britons but also other citizens from other Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Many households within these countries have not witnessed progress in their income growth since the year 20005 (Dustmann, Tommaso & Ian, 2013 pg. 155). Research has shown that a majority of young people from these regions think that they will never become richer than their parents (Dobbs et al., 2016 par. 3). The United Kingdom has been experienced deindustrialization since the year 1970, and this can be attributed to the recession, which occurred in the 1980s and early 19990s. During this period, many manufacturing companies collapsed, and many people lost their jobs. One example of a company that collapsed was the Eastman Machine, which was known to produce sophisticated cutting tools (Cohen & Schwartz, 2016 par. 1). Most affected companies were located in the North of England and in the midlands, and this would explain why most of the individuals that were pushing for Brexit came from these regions.

The rise of populist personalities and parties who believe that globalization does not offer enough for them played a huge role in the Brexit vote. For instance, in the U.K, PM Cameron had to resign after the conservative party won the push for Brexit Vote since he was at the forefront of supporting the U.K to remain in the EU. Rich countries such as U.S and the U.K, which are led by populists like Boris Johnson, Donald Trump have been on the forefront of leading push backs to globalization. In the USA, Trump has gain support from multiple blue collar individuals who believe that there is an influx of foreigners and a high rate of job losses (Chandran, 2016). They undermine the role that globalization provides such as cheap products, loads of opportunities, and easy travel (Buerkle, 2016 par. 2). The campaign that was led by the PM Boris Johnson is mostly supported by rich populists who believe that globalization is a threat to development. Some of the populists include hedge fund managers and brokers who do not want to run their business in areas that are under E.U regulations.

It should be noted that economists rate the success of globalization on the overall economic impact in the country rather than individuals who only want to benefit themselves (Becker, 2016). For instance, Vodafone is a multinational company whose headquarters is located in London, but currently, they are considering relocating from England after the completion of Brexit vote. Such a move by Vodafone would result in the loss of employment opportunities by Britain’s employed by the telecommunications giant. Still at the same time, billionaires who own giant telecommunication companies within Britain will relish the opportunity to enrich themselves.

British Politicians and the citizens felt that globalization has caused the rise in the number of immigrants in the UK. They do believe that immigration policies affected by the EU unregulated policies has made borders porous (Chandran, 2016 par. 4). When the borders are porous, it makes the natives insecure since they see the influx as a threat to the available job opportunities. In the UK, studies have shown that immigration has had a huge impact on the labor pool, specifically for the low skilled workers. The rise of refugees has also proved to be an obstacle for some countries, considering that if they are member of EU they have to oblige in opening their borders.

Some politicians championed for exit so that the government can model their own terms when engaging in business activities. Half of Britain’s import and export are accounted by the EU. UK benefits from their membership in the EU since this lowers trade barriers, which in turn improve business (Fouskas, 2016 par. 2). When there are low trade barriers the British society benefit from cheap products. Despite all the advantages acquired by Britain, they still cannot negotiate their trade policies by non-EU members; rather they will have to consult the EU. Organizations such as EU are at the forefront championing globalization messages. However, when certain opportunities arise, which nations can take advantage of; they cannot go through with them due to the policies set by EU. Such policy also played a huge role on the reason for the Brexit vote. Withdrawal from Brexit allows Britain to negotiate trade agreements with countries who are not mebers of the European Union.

A majority of individuals who voted for Britain to leave European Union were found to be conservative and held certain political beliefs (Sampson, 2017 pg. 176). They were also against cosmopolitanism and thought that life in Britain was not getting any better. Globalization has lead to the integration of cultures and has promoted cosmopolitanisms, with inclusivity being the current change that has had a tremendous effect on the society. People should be able to celebrate diversity since it is what makes nation great. The incorporation of individuals from different parts of the world promotes multiculturalism and avails knowledge from all walks of life.

Brexit Vote Will Have no Significant Impact on Globalization

The U. K used the Brexit vote to make the European Union a scapegoat for some of their failures as a country. Upon the completing the Brexit vote, the UK experienced a financial fallout in her currency. Before the vote, the pound had rose above $1.50 but after the vote it decreased to the lowest, $1.33 in a period of about 31 years (Buerkle, 2016 par. 2). This shows that globalization has got great strength despite countries like UK undermining it. After the decrease in her monetary trade, the Bank of England vowed to provide liquidity and provide support to stabilize U.K’s markets; however, this approach is risky considering that over reliance on monetary policies by a country always makes it vulnerable. On the other hand, a decline in power of the pound creates a risk to a small number of countries that depend on foreign investment from England. The number of countries which are dependent on the pound at the same time are minimal, in most countries there would be minimal effect since there is a low probability the decline of the pound would have a ripple effect on the other countries.

One of the reasons for voting Brexit out was immigration policies in the U.K, however, the U.K has been suffering from immigration issues since the 1960s. The only difference is that most of the immigrants were coming from the West Indies and Asia but currently, most of them are from Eastern Europe (Becker, 2016 par. 4). The same applies for countries like the USA, during the colonial times Mexicans used to be allowed to cross the border to work in USA farms hence the problem of migration cannot be solely be underpinned on immigration. It is the responsibility of U.K to come up with policies or actions that could help them manage the immigration issues. Besides, if some of the big companies relocated from England after the Brexit vote, some of their citizens may opt to look for greener pastures in other countries such as the USA to practice their profession. This can be showcased by many Britain actors who currently work in Hollywood where film industry is great. In addition, Britain will still need low skilled and high skilled workers from the European countries to work in some of their companies or businesses, which is a product of globalization.

Most of the voters who voted for the U.K to move out of the EU were discontented by the modern Britain; they felt like they were left out. At the same time, when the voters were asked if the European Union had played a major role in them being left out, they did not provide relevant information (Sampson, 2017 pg. 177). England cannot blame the EU for its low productivity and why their trains do not run on time. Most of U. K’s problems are local rather than international. Therefore, such problems cannot be solved by leaving the European Union. U.K needs to examine itself and come up with local solutions rather than international solutions. Most of the voters are simply influenced by politicians rather than critically examining what might be the repercussions of EU exit, this can be attributed to the large percentage of the population which voted for the U.K to opt out of E.U had no college or university education.

As much as more emphasis for massive job losses that was experienced in the manufacturing sector is placed on globalization, it has also created various job opportunities, specifically in London (Fouskas, 2016 par.2). It is among the leading cities as far as global economy is concerned. It is one of the leading centres for international business activities (Fouskas, 2016). Its’ success it is attributed to one of the factors which is not only availability of quality staff but also its access to transport infrastructure and markets. All these factors are brought about by the existence of globalization. Globalization has not caused massive job losses but rather improved the set of skills required by organizations within the nation. For instance, London has increased its skilled workforce, currently, 43% of the jobs that are available require higher qualifications or level 4 and by 2020, this number is expected to rise to about 50% (Fouskas, 2016 par.3).More emphasis should be placed on improving the education being offered at colleges and universities so that students can acquire the relevant skills that would help them secure opportunities in the job market.

Loss of jobs can also be attributed to the development of technology rather than globalization. A massive unemployment rate is an issue that is affecting almost all countries in the world and it is mainly due to the advancement in technology. Currently, technological advances mean that office-based workers, professionals, and white collar are at risk of losing their jobs (Bowler, 2017). Therefore, protectionist approaches such as the Brexit vote cannot downplay its effect in the 21st century, since technology is disruptive and surpasses borders globally (Bowler, 2017 par. 2). Technology is going to help various continents such as Asia and Africa to have a leveled playing field to compete with other continents such as Europe (Eaton & Samuel, 2002 pg. 1769). Voting against globalization will not help safeguard individuals’ jobs in England since there are other arising factors such as technology, which puts job opportunities at risk.

U.K may stand to lose a lot by exiting the European Union, and this would explain why despite leaving the country has not yet decided on the way forward. One of the approaches that UK can undertake after leaving the EU is to sign a free trade agreement with the E.U to govern their economic and trade relations. Britain receives the highest amount of portfolio investment and foreign direct investment (FDI) due to their membership status in the E.U (Fouskas, 2016 par.3). The other factor that also influences the rate of direct investment is the city of London. Studies have shown that London dominates the global foreign exchange market by having a turnover of almost £4 trillion. This explains why the country has remained reluctant to announce their next step but rather assess the situation since they are at a risk of losing billion dollars from FDI and portfolio investment. The best option for England will be negotiate with European Union to practice foreign trade. The argument that Britain would acquire many benefits post-Brexit is not convincing. According to open Europe (2015), there are more than fifty-seven regulations listed by the European Union, which will make England to accrue more costs than benefits. Overall, in the long run England may become poorer since there withdrawal from E.U will allow them to create barriers which will hinder foreign direct investment, trade and immigration. All of this shows that free trade, which is as a result of globalization still plays a huge role in building and maintaining economies.

The rise of populist parties and personalities such as Donald Trump, who have been pushing for the change of order to restrict globalization still face a lot of obstacles to achieve their vision (Frieden, 2018 pg. 6). Given the direction that England has taken, there are still options that other countries can undertake should it occur that the motion presented by the populists become effective. There are regional trading blocs such as the World Trade Organization, which China has taken advantage of to grow its economy (Autor, David &Gordon, 2013 pg. 2140). The only likely hood effect from the current trend of populists like Donald Trump is that there would be more fragmented trading blocs. Besides, free trade options will still prevail if countries are to maintain their transnational capital revenue. The move by these populist parties and personalities is more of protectionism rather than hate for globalization (Owen &Noel, 2017). There is a risk that these populists will continue to increase if measures are not put in place.

Apart from trade and immigration, there is still one factor that unites many countries, which is the fight to counteract climate change. The impacts of climate such as desertification, turbulent weather patterns, rise in seal levels, and the spread of diseases are still affecting many countries in the world including developed nations (Hirst & Thompson, 2019 pg.12). There are different agreements that have been put in place to counteract climate changes. One of the agreements is the Paris climate change accord, which brings together some of the developed nations, who are the lead contributors of CO2. The agreement requires the member countries to adhere to the regulations stipulated, to manage CO2 emissions. Currently, there is a pandemic in the name of coronavirus affecting many countries worldwide. There are over 190,000 cases and more than 7,000 deaths reported so far, and there is a risk that this number will continue to rise (Galai, 2020 par. 2). In order to fight this pandemic, all countries in the world will have to join hands by allocating resources and putting measures in place to ensure that the pandemic is contained. There are many ways in which countries may partner, for instance, in global health practices. The incidences discussed above shows that countries will still have to cooperate in various fronts. Globalization is not only about trade and immigration but also health and climate change.

There are also minor benefits that countries like U.K get to enjoy as a result of globalization. One of them includes greater choice of imports and lower prices of commodities. In terms of greater choice of imports, globalization has significantly increased the options of consumer goods (Pettinger, n.d par.1). For example, people have become accustomed to the year-round availability of fruit and vegetables due to food imports. Domestic monopolies have experience d international competition thanks to Globalization. When there is international competition it leads to existence of lower prices of commodities for the consumer. For instance, in industries such as electronics, food and clothing where the United Kingdom is a great importer.

Conclusion

The negative effects of globalization should not focus on the past but rather the present. From the Brexit vote, it has proven that there are countries who feel like European Union is not working out for them and there is likely hood that such approaches may start to pick momentum. Better globalization would result in better redistribution of its benefit across the world, which would result in the decline of populist’s parties and personalities who have been on the forefront looking for ways to jeopardize globalization. However, the solution is not to jeopardize globalization but rather be managed it in way that its intended concept does not lose focus. If globalization is placed under threat, poor countries will be at a risk of suffering since globalization has improved their wellbeing. Besides, developed nations have benefited a lot from globalization, which has led to higher investment, better jobs and improved health systems. There are multiple problems that countries like England suffer from which are not as a result of globalization. For instance, the loss of various job opportunities is as a result of low skills acquired by trainees from training centres rather than the rise of multinational corporations. Another factor that influences job opportunities is technology advances. Globalizations impacts cannot be undermined and if there are countries who feel like it is not working for them they should make rational decisions to address the situation.

References

Autor, D.H., David, D., & Gordon H. H. (2013). The China syndrome: Local labor market effects of import competition in the United States. American Economic Review, 103(6), 2121-2168. DOI: 10.1257/aer.103.6.2121

Becker, A. (July 2016). Brexit the end of globalization? DW. https://www.dw.com/en/brexit-the-end-of-globalization/a-19369680

Blockmans, S. (2016). Brexit, globalisation and the future of the EU. Intereconomics, 51(4), 182-183. DOI: 10.1007/s10272-016-0598-7

Bowler,T. (February 2017). Will globalization take away your job? BBC. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-38600270

Buerkle, T. (June 2016). Brexit is a vote against globalization, not just the EU. Institutional Investor. https://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article/b14z9n1lrzw5yp/brexit-is-a-vote-against-globalization-not-just-the-euChandran, N. (June 2016). How Brexit impacts globalization. CNBC .https://www.cnbc.com/2016/06/28/how-brexit-impacts-globalization.htmlCohen, P & Schwartz, N, D. (June 2016). ‘Brexit’ in America: A warning shot against globalization. New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/26/business/economy/for-america-brexit-may-be-a-warning-of-globalizations-limits.htmlCoyle, D. (August 2016). Brexit and globalization. VOX. https://voxeu.org/article/brexit-and-globalisationDobbs, R. A. Madgavkar, J. Manyika, J. Woetzel, J. Bughin, E. Labaye and P. Kashyap (2016), Poorer than their parents? A new perspective on income inequality, McKinsey&Company.

Dustmann, C., Tommaso F., & Ian P. 2013. The Effect of Immigration along the Distribution of Wages. Review of Economic Studies, 80(1), 145–173.

Eaton, J & Samuel, K. (2002). Technology, geography, and trade. Econometrica, 70(5), 1741-1779. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0262.00352Elliot, L. (June 2016). Brexit is a rejection of globalization. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/jun/26/brexit-is-the-rejection-of-globalisation

Fouskas,V.K. (May 2016). “Brexit”: the real threat to globalization. Open Democracy. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/brexit-real-threat-to-globalization/Frieden, J. (2018). The backlash against globalization and the future of the international economic order. The Crisis of globalization: Democracy, capitalism and inequality in the twenty-first century, 43. https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/jfrieden/files/frieden_future_feb2018.pdf

Galai, N. (2020). Coronavirus hits all 50 US states as death toll rises. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-51939392

Hirst, P., & Thompson, G. (2019). The future of globalization. In J.Michie (ed.), The Handbook of Globalisation (3rd edition). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781788118590/9781788118590.xmlOpen Europe. (2015). The top 100 costliest EU-derived regulations in force in the UK. http://2ihmoy1d3v7630ar9h2rsglp.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Open_Europe_Top100_cost-liest_EU_regulations.pdf

Owen, E., & Noel P. J. (2017). Occupation and the political economy of trade: Job routineness, offshorability, and protectionist sentiment. International Organization, 71(4), 665-699.

Pettinger,T.(n.d). Effects of globalization on the UK economy. Economics Help. https://www.economicshelp.org/trade2/globalisation_uk_economy/

Sampson, T. (2017). Brexit: The economics of international disintegration. Journal of Economic perspectives, 31(4), 163-184. http://personal.lse.ac.uk/sampsont/BrexitDisintegration.pdf

ABC Industries, Inc.

To: All Home Office Employees

From: Kevin Garcia CEO/ President

Date: February 22

84538914730700Subject: Merger with XYZ INC

Due to the economic and industry forces beyond our control and the company’s declining performance ABC Industries, Inc. has been forced to make difficult decisions. Today I announce that ABC Industries Inc. and XYZ Industries Inc. have reached an agreement to merge, creating a global industry force. The recently completed merger with XYZ, has made our company to align our new business lines to meet our new objectives. The actions being taken are to propel the organization to adopt to the market with the new products as well as the new business processes. Unfortunately, this actions means that restructuring within the company is necessary. The ABC Inc. has agreed to allow 80% of our workforce to continue working after the performance review to assess the employee value has been conducted.

Due to the merger and the restructuring, we found that the organization will reduce its workforce to ensure the financial stability of the organization and to meet the agreement terms with XYZ Inc. The reduction on force will be based on performance reviews and ratings within every job category. We will provide details to employees who will not succeed in the performance review and we will meet with these individual employees after the performance review process.

We want you to know that the merger and the subsequent layoffs, is not a statement about your work for ABC Inc. You have been dedicated employees and you have all contributed to the company’s success in the past years. If any one wishes the organization to speak on their behalf to potential employers, please let the organization know. The organization will assist every employee during this transition to ensure the effectiveness of every individual in their different capacities.

Regards

President/CEO ABC Inc.

Brian Palacios

History 1301

Juana Rodriguez

24 October 2018

Police Brutality

Leaders have encouraged the police to use brutal force when dealing with suspects. Police brutality has been a theme that was present in the early days in history, and up to this era, we continue to encounter police using force and sometimes killing suspects. In the journal ‘Sacrificing Black Lives for the American Lie’ we are made aware that the American police are not charged or rarely are they charged for taking the lives of the black people in the American nation. For the instances, they are charged the juries rarely convict them. The issue arose when a Minnesota jury ruled in favor of the police that Philando Castile was responsible for his death and Jeronimo Yanez the officer who shot him did nothing wrong.

According to the journal, there is no known reason as to why justice is segregated from the black people’s death, but people say that America is racist. The jurors in the American nation are like cops who hate the blacks for no reason. On the side of the police, the account of racism is indisputable as they claim that the lives of the black people do not matter. Indeed, the Black Death matters to the life of America that is it matters to the blood flow of ideas that give life to the American’s perception of a nation.

Police brutality in the American nation was witnessed as early as 1872 when the Chicago Tribune reported the beating of a civilian under arrest at the Harrison police station. Police brutality on the people of black decency is not a thing of today, but it is a historical issue that was present during the times of slavery. The slaves were brutally tortured and killed by the police, and the justice system of America never gave an ear to the complaints as the blacks were always condemned to be on the wrong. Reading from the article, around fifty years ago Black American rioters who rebelled and killed by the police in almost 130 cities were blamed by the Americans for causing their own deaths.

Work Cited

Kendi, Ibrahim. Sacrificing Black Lives for the American Lie. The New York Times. Retrieved from: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/24/opinion/sunday/philando-castile-police-shootings.html. 20 October 2018

Abigail Adams and John Adams letters

Student’s Name

Institution

Abigail Adams and John Adams lettersAbigail Adams is requesting her husband, John Adams, and other continental members of Congress, to remember the women of the nation during the revolution period as America was fighting for independence from Great Britain. She pleads that John Adams be more generous and favorable to women than the case of ancestors’ rule where the female was not venerable as well as setting limited power to the harsh men. She urges that failure of the leader not taking into consideration women recommended attention and care, they were prepared to form inciting rebellion groups that will not hold on laws that do not give the priority of voice as well as presentation.

John Adams replies to his wife Abigail telling her that the letter was the first intimation of the feminine gender that is sensitive than any other tribe in the nation and that he will not forsake her request. He states that men are wise as they know more than what to appeal to their masculine systems and that he had an expectation that General Washington and all heroes would fight America’s revolution.

Abigail Adams has the power of speaking out her mind to the husband even with matters regarding leadership and politics, this signifying mutual esteem, and fondness between the couples as well as the concern and care of the other partners and public wellbeing.



Student Assessment Cover Sheet

Course: DIPLOMA OF BUSINESS

Unit Code:BSBHRM513A

Unit Title: MANAGE WORKFORCE PLANNING

Student Name: _______________________________

Student Number: _______________________________

Assessment:

PART A – REVIEW QUESTIONS

PART B – CASE STUDY

PART C – PROJECT

PART A – REVIEW

Question 1 –TERMINOLOGY

Research the following TERMS and PHRASES these are linked with your assessment. Attach your definition or explanation to each word. Please remember to Reference.

Scenario Planning

scenario planning is a business management concept that provides leaders with a better understanding of the world and the macro drivers of change that are at work, which assist leaders to achieve better decision making at the operational level (Kahane,2012).

workforce analysis

This is a human resource management concept that provides information regarding the current workforce across mission critical occupations, including demographic and background characteristics of the current workforce, retirement eligibility, turnover, and various workforce management issues (Rothwell & Kazana, 2003).

PEST analysis

It is a concept in marketing principles which is used as a tool by companies to track the environment in they are operating in or are planning to launch a new product or service (Henry, 2011).

SWOT analysis

A SWOT analysis consists of evaluating a firm’s internal strengths and weaknesses and its external opportunities and threats. It is a valuable strategic planning tool, because it focuses on the key elements of a firm’s position within a market (Pahl & University of Applied Science Berlin. 2007).

Workforce planning (WP)

This is a core process of human resource management strategy which ensures the right numbers of people with the right skills are in the right place at the right time to deliver short- and long-term organisational objectives (Bechet, 2008).

Trend analysis

It is an aspect of technical analysis that attempts to predict the future movement of a stock based on past data (Kim, Fiore & Kim, 2011).

Porters Five Forces Model

It is a model which identifies and analyses 5 competitive forces that shape every industry, and helps determine an industry’s weaknesses and strengths (Hill & Jones, 2010).

The Delphi Technique

A forecasting method based on the results of questionnaires sent to a panel of experts who are not necessarily physically brought face to face (Sims, 2002).

The Nominal group Technique

This is a decision making approach in which constitute is a structured method for group brainstorming that encourages contributions from everyone (Borkowski, 2011).

Quantitative Techniques

This is a statistical and operation research techniques that are used in the decision making process in the business industry (Lucey,2003).

Qualitative Techniques

It is a research technique that uses observation as the data collection method. This include the selection and recording of behaviours of people in their environment which is useful for generation of in-depth descriptions of organizations or events, for obtaining information that is otherwise inaccessible, and for conducting research when other methods are inadequate(Tolley, Ulin, & Robinson, 2013).

Workforce Diversity

It is a set of policies and practices that seek to include people within a workforce who are considered to be, in some way, different from those in the prevailing constituency (Lesca, 2011).

environmental scanning

This is a method that enables decision makers both to understand the external environment and the interconnections of its various sectors and to translate this understanding into the organization’s planning and decision making processes (Abrams, 2003).

business plans

This is a formal set of goals and strategies of achieving them as laid down by the organization. It also includes the background information of the organization, workers culture and their collective objective.

Demographics

This is the characteristic statistic of a portion of the population for instance consumers (Murdock,2006).

Initiatives

This is an individual effort towards achieving specified predetermined goals in any social organization (Jackson, et al.1992).

Assess supply and demand

What are the basic steps in workforce analysis

– Context and Environment

– Current Workforce Profile

– Future Workforce Profile

– Gap Analysis and Closing Strategies

– Conclusion, review, evaluation strategy and next steps

Identify where we can locate sources of external labour, demographic and economic data within Australia

Australian Bureau of Statistics is Australia’s official statistical organisation. It offers a range of resources dedicated to assisting small businesses with market research, profiling customers and a range of other issues (Murdock,2006).

As any HR manager is aware situations arise that cause concern, we must behave in a pro active way (Plan B) Research six online employment sites.

-The specialist employment websites include travel agent, doctor, under 18 staff, wine specialist, Japanese speaking tour guide, Webrecruit.

Apart from recruitment websites , name four other methods of sourcing skilled labour describe the advantages and disadvantages for each

-Training existing staff; it is a valuable strategy in which to training existing staff to meet future needs and succession plans is carried out. It has the advantage of working with familiar persons who have mastered the organization culture. It prevents the firm from selecting new skills that may be more competent.

– Recruiting; it brings new blood into the organization but has the disadvantage of financial burden in logistics.

– Advertising; it has the advantage of offering a competitive selection process that attracts the best candidates. However, it is demanding in terms of financial input for the advertising firms and media.

– Outsourcing; it relieves the organization from carrying out the process itself hence concentrating in production activities. The greatest disadvantage is that it promotes anonymity that may attract people testing waters and may disappoint by failing to report after being selected.

Develop workforce objectives and strategies and Implement initiatives

How can an organisation address high staff turnovers, what tools are required to monitor the issue and how can we evaluate and act on the feedback?

The rate of staff turnover can be regulated by setting a minimum contract period that will ensure the workers stay and deliver to firm as agreed. It is also important to assess factors explaining the increasing rate of turnover like working conditions among others and seek resolution (Bechet, 2008). This can be achieved through using a structured questionnaire to be filled by the staff and the feedback collected for administrative evaluation and better decisions towards the same.

What are the benefits to a well designed rewards program in an organisation, how will this retain staff?

It considers the overall social environment in which the employees originate. It is consistent with the work done and equal among people who have done same magnitude and nature irrespective of gender, race among others. The program must be structured in a way that all the employees are eligible and on level ground to give their best (Bechet, 2008). It must not necessarily in monetary form but even in kind. All these factors motivate employees and impart confidence and a sense of belonging hence giving their best to the organization.

Identify the benefits of communicating WP information and objectives to the organisations` stakeholders.

Information to the stakeholders creates awareness on the various issues taking place in the organization. It evokes the spirit of enquiry and sound decision making by the stakeholders as far as the management and performance of the organization is concerned (Bechet, 2008). It also promotes participatory decision making for a better performance of the organization.

To support workforce planning objectives

Develop and implement a strategy management plan to assist your workforce to deal with change in the organisation.

The workers are encouraged to take further and advanced training in diverse fields with emphasis on periodic updates on the changing job market environment. Organizing seminars and in-service training sessions with workers will keep the workers current on the dynamic management demand within the company (Rothwell & Kazana, 2003). It would also be important to promote mentorship programs to deal with social challenges affecting workers.

Identify key strategies implemented in a succession plan process, to be used in your organisation to ensure desirable workers are recognised, developed and retained.

Appraisal program need to be set up that includes semi-annual performance data capture. This can be measured alongside the academic background, competitive decision making in critical situations and team player (Rothwell & Kazana, 2003). It is also important to promote internal recruitment of persons who have mastered organization culture and sound creative and critical managerial skills. The outstanding workers should be offered more opportunities and assigned more responsibilities to strengthen their potential.

Monitor and evaluate workforce trends

How can we monitor labour supply trends in areas of over or under supply in the external environment? Name two sources of LMI.(Labour Market Information)

It is possible to monitor labour supply through doing some research into various career sectors and to keep updated on trends in the aggregate graduate labour market (International Labour Office, 2006). Such labour market information can be obtained from; Primary LMI sources of information include censuses and surveys. Secondary LMI sources are institutions or organizations that produce statistics on the labour market trend.

Design a survey to assess the organisational climate within the staff work environment to determine satisfaction levels by asking 10 questions

Survey Question Response

What is your relationship with the management? How do you relate with co-workers? How do you rate the commitment of the organization in terms of your safety? What is your take on the organization’s performance? Do you like team work? Are you contented with your current salary? Are you satisfied with the work policies of the organization? Do you think there is enough time after work to take up additional classes? Are you satisfied with the organization work culture? Do you think you are doing what you like in your assigned department? How as the HR department can we stay updated with changes to global trends and changes?

The effect of globalization compels firms to adopt frequent workforce training and performance evaluation. This will help in improving their overall performance and have them updated on the socio-economic dynamics that is emerging in their workplace and job market (Rothwell & Kazana, 2003).

How in the workplace can HR department evaluate and monitor changes that have been implemented within the organisation?

The HR department have the authority and sufficient administrative resources to evaluate and monitor the changes being implemented in the company (Rothwell & Kazana, 2003). One critical aspect of this duty is through measuring the efficiency of the individual workers in terms of their contribution on the overall output and performance of the firm. Setting standards for performance and goals to be attained after a specified period of time will give a true picture of what is expected.

PART B CASE STUDY

Read the following case study on Workforce Planning. Answer the following questions.Ensure you reference all of your information

Case Study Workforce planning in practice at NHS (National Health Service) London

In September 2008, NHS London published Workforce for London: A Strategic Framework, outlining the way in which the organisation was to address a number of key challenges facing healthcare in the capital over the coming decade. These include a rapidly growing population (predicted to equate to 600,000 additional users of health services over the next ten years) and highly-variable quality of healthcare provision, resulting in the highest rates of ‘consumer’ dissatisfaction in England. These challenges along with a stated strategic objective to provide world-class healthcare for every Londoner have significant implications for the size, shape and distribution of London’s healthcare workforce.

The current workforce

London’s complex healthcare system has the highest number of constituent NHS organisations in the UK, and employs over 205,000 staff, 15.4% of the total NHS workforce. It has some of the world’s leading medical centres of excellence which form a national and international hub for innovation in clinical care, research, and education. However, the report also outlines a number of key staffing issues faced by NHS London, including:

In London hospitals, the ratio of clinical staff to occupied beds varies from 0.9 to over 2.0

The lowest staffing levels are often in the areas with the greatest need – more GPs are in the south and west of London than in the more deprived east and north

London has more doctors (30.8 doctors per 10,000 population compared to an England average of 21.2) but fewer nurses (62.5 nurses per 10,000 population against an England average of 67.5) when compared with the rest of England.

As a result of historic recruitment patterns and more staff delaying retirement there are now a higher proportion of older staff in the workforce than ever before.

Healthcare has always attracted a large proportion of female workers, and there continue to be growing numbers of women in the medical workforce. It is anticipated that the working hours per week in the medical workforce will reduce over the next ten years reflecting a greater demand for flexible working arrangements by both men and women and the need for compliance with European Working Time Directive by 2009, which imposes a maximum of 48 working hours per week. Advances in technology will also have a significant impact on the shape of London’s workforce through the creation of more centres with the technology and expertise to deliver highly specialised, complex care, and through the development of assisted technology enabling care to be delivered closer to home. This will require the redesign of working patterns, the development of new skills and expertise and the opportunity to create new roles. London plays an important role both nationally and internationally in training and developing future healthcare professionals but suffers from high labour turnover and loss of key staff to other parts of the country. For example, London trains 29% of UK medical undergraduates but over a third of these students do not work there after graduation. For nursing and midwifery, London’s share of students (18.3%) is in proportion to the number of staff employed (17.7%). However, it is believed that London exports qualified and experienced staff to the rest of England, as demonstrated by consistently higher vacancy rates.

Workforce for London: A Strategic Framework

The purpose of the review which lead to the strategic framework was to assess the impact of anticipated changes in healthcare needs, demographic trends, technology and patient and public expectations on the future size, shape and composition of London’s healthcare workforce and the changes required to how the organisation plans, trains, develops and deploys its employees. To assist in the workforce planning process, NHS London employed scenario modelling to provide insight into the strategic challenges ahead, and how these will affect the overall shape and size of London’s workforce.

Scenario modelling approach taken in Workforce for London

The resulting strategic framework identified a number of both quantitative and qualitative changes in the NHS workforce needed to meet the challenges of the coming decade. In broad terms, the strategic framework acknowledged the central role played by the workforce in high quality service delivery but identified that staff were not fully utilised (productivity levels of staff in London were lower than elsewhere in England). The review suggested that London’s NHS workforce will need to grow by between 4% and 23% over the next ten years dependent on the level of productivity delivered. The framework outlined three broad strands in how NHS London should respond to the demand and supply forecasting process.

The first focuses on the quantitative dimensions of the required workforce needed to increase productivity, improve service quality and to address wider initiatives in the NHS regarding the delivery of care. The review indicated a need to develop new roles and new skills through increased targeted workforce development and investment, For example, the review advocates the development of broader sets of skills across the workforce. The review also suggests changes to where and how practitioners work, particularly through providing care closer to people’s homes. The review also suggested enhancing employment opportunities for Londoners to reduce turnover, and to develop a workforce more representative of the community it serves.

The second element focuses on the systems required to support this ‘new’ workforce. In particular, it stresses the importance of the effective integration of workforce planning, and educational investment, with service needs, particularly through the localisation (as far as possible) of workforce planning, tailored to meet the diverse needs of patients.

Finally, the framework proposes a number of changes to leadership processes, with a particular focus on fostering a climate of worker engagement and empowering front-line staff to ‘improve and develop the services they provide, creating new freedoms to innovate and provide the leadership for local change’. In response to recent staff surveys, NHS staff indicated that a positive relationship with staff tends to relate to improved performance and the framework indicates a desire to engender team working and ‘partnership’ across the organisation. The framework also indicates a need to develop excellent leaders at all levels of the organisation and to develop a pipeline of talent for Chief Executive and Director roles across the capital.

Questions

What are the relevant factors which are shaping the supply and demand for medical practitioners in London over the coming decade? To what extent are these factors reasonably predictable?

Some of the factors responsible for shaping the supply and demand for manpower in this regard include the delayed retirement by many healthcare organizations. This means that most of the graduates lack job placements and opportunities thereby piling up in numbers or seeking opportunities outside the town. Advances in technology are increasingly reorganizing the number of people to be employed and overall efficiency of the healthcare sector (Kahane, 2012). The EU proposal of 2009 on flexible work arrangements will significantly redefine the workforce shape of healthcare personnel in London. The increasing globalization and campaign for better healthcare promotes use of modern technology, flexible working policy and prolonged working tenure indicates precise prediction of the currently observed trend.

What responses to the workforce planning process are outlined in the case?

Training the personnel to conform to the increasing need for expertise in using modern technology in service delivery in the healthcare sector is a critical aspect of workforce planning process as indicated in the case study. Flexible work policy also provides an incentive to the workforce in healthcare sector which is headed for better quality of service delivery and overall performance.

Why might the formal approach to workforce planning used by NHS London not necessarily be appropriate in many private sector organisations?

Most private organizations are run by few individuals who dictate several workforce related issues. This is a different case with public healthcare sector which is accountable to a larger body of stakeholders (Bechet, 2008). The workforce planning by the private sector organization is not bound by several rules and regulations that apply in the case of public sector.

How can HR planning contribute to the achievement of organisational objective in all organisations?

HR planning is critical in mobilizing human capital to different and relevant departments so that their diverse specialized contribution makes the overall efficiency and performance desirable. It is important to note that physical capital like machinery may not operate without human expertise hence the centrality of the HR department in any organization (Bechet, 2008). Sound planning strategies in which the right personnel are assigned the right work and allocated reasonable time with resources help the organization to achieve its objectives.

PART C –PROJECT

Please read the following scenario answer the questions below and then complete the Workforce Plan

Tourism operators on the Gold Coast have traditionally turned to the use of contingent labour to address the peaks and troughs of seasonal workflow. While the use of contingent labour has merits, which include reduced labour costs and benefits, companies may also face limited control over employee quality, performance, and commitment as well as complex employment laws surrounding the rights of contingent workers.

Further, organisations sometimes overlook their most immediate resources when searching for ways to address seasonal workload fluctuations. The predictability of seasonal fluctuations offers employers a chance to rethink their workforce infrastructure and consider ways to reallocate labour and resources for the purposes of meeting seasonal business needs.

AS HR manager you have been requested to implement a workforce plan for the long term to ensure your organisation has a continually high standard of customer service.

Please complete the following Workforce Plan Template

-442595175895For Years 20XX-XX

Workforce Plan

(Template)

Organisation Name

WORKFORCE PLANNING TEAM

Aggrey Onea General manager

For Years 20XX-XX

Workforce Plan

(Template)

Organisation Name

WORKFORCE PLANNING TEAM

Aggrey Onea General manager

Workforce Plan Template

WORKFORCE GOAL (S), OUTCOMES AND OBJECTIVES

Restate your organisation’s workforce goal(s), outcomes, objectives, environmental scan factors, success factors and inhibitors as reported in the strategic plan.

To invest in high skilled personnel that is specialized in specific fields of value creation activity in the organization

This will lead to a more efficient worforce that will ensure quality for customers, more wealth maximization for shareholders, improved image of the organization and overall performance of firm.

Putting emphasis on competitive recruitment that will offer equal opportunity for all the potential workers.

Workforce

Goal:

Outcomes:

Objectives:

ENVIRONMENTAL SCAN FACTORS (Optional – organisations are encouraged to continue the environmental scanning process)

List the key internal and external environmental factors related to this workforce goal.

Organization culture

Management structure

Rules and regulations that govern internal administrative processes

External factors include government rules and regulations

Labour laws i.e. minimum wage.

CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS

List critical success factors related to this workforce goal:

Foresighted leadership

Sound human resource management team

Training facilities for new recruits

Financial allocation

SUCCESS INHIBITORS

List critical success inhibitors related to this workforce goal:

Restrictive government rules and regulations

Limited skilled human resource experts

Limited experience among the jobseekers

Higher financial requirements for outsourcing agencies.

CRITICAL POSITIONS

List positions, groups of positions, job classes, roles that are considered critical to achieving mission success and have been targeted for workforce planning purposes.

-Human resource manager

-Financial controller

-Operations manager

These positions are critical in the overall execution of the planned mission of improving the personnel recruitment, training and management.

NOTE: In addition to any other critical positions targeted by other HR strategies, organisations are encourage to target leadership, management and supervisory positions as part of succession-planning strategies.

STAFFING, COMPETENCY, AND DIVERSITY GAPS

For all critical positions described above, list all currently identified Staffing, Competency and Diversity Gaps.

Staffing: A high skilled staff with good interpersonal relations

Competency: A minimum post-high school education with excellent academic competency.

Diversity: Gender balance is critical in achieving the specified goals due to skills and potential diversity

HUMAN RESOURCE STRATEGIES

For all critical positions described above, list acquisition (e.g., recruitment and selection) development (e.g., succession planning, knowledge management) and/or retention strategies that will be used to close the identified gaps. Include information about which concerns the strategies will address.

NOTE: In addition to any other HR strategies, organisations should include succession-planning strategies as part of their response to workforce planning.

Before submitting your assessment please check it against the points listed below to be satisfied that all factors have been considered in creating a plan which will deliver the desired workforce outcomes

2. Checklist for Evaluating the Workforce Planning Effort

Is the workforce plan based on the organisation’s strategic plan, and does it support the mission, future vision, core values, and goals?

Does top management support it?

Has data analysis been conducted that analyses demographic and environmental impacts on the workforce plan?

Has relevant information been extracted from the organisation’s human resource information systems and does it include indicators such as distribution of employees by classification, age, attrition rates; retirement rates; and ratios of managers to supervisors etc?

Has the organisation determined the number and type of employees that will be needed to address the challenges of the next three to five years?

Has the number and types of competencies been defined for employees in each occupational group?

Have skill levels for each competency been determined and listed?

Are there clear indications that the organisation has identified the roles and core competencies needed to support its goals and service delivery strategies?

Has an analysis been performed that assesses the gap between current competencies and those needed for the future?

Does the analysis also address workforce size, demographics, occupations, and geographical locations?

Have strategies been developed to address the gaps between the project supply and demand?

Have action plans to execute the strategies been clearly laid out, including responsible parties, due dates, and resources needed?

As needed, are there specific strategies to address leadership succession planning, compensation, performance management, an employee-friendly workplace, recruitment & hiring, training & professional development?

Has the plan been communicated to employees and stakeholders?

Has the trust of the workforce been earned by involving employees in the strategic and workforce planning processes?

Is integrated workforce planning support provided by human resources staff?

Are the workforce plan and strategies continually monitored and refined to ensure their ongoing effectiveness and continuous improvement, taking into account resource changes, and other conditions impacting the organisation?

3. Work Planning, Performance Review & Career Development

DETAILS: fill in the below document with detail of what type of staff member (achievements,skills,aspirations) you would look at and require for your workforce goals as part of the organisation`s succession plan

STAFF

MEMBER Name: James Ohara

Position title: Human resource manager Level of appointment: Management

LINE

MANAGER Name: Alice O’Neil

Position title: Operation manager

Date of review:18/02/2014 Period covered by performance review:3 weeks

PERFORMANCE REVIEW

Staff member’s reflection on the year

Objective 1:To improve personal efficiency

Achievements / reflections /skills developed/ future directions: Personal initiative has been the force behind excellent performance.

Other achievements / comments: improved quality of service through more part-time training

CAREER DEVELOPMENT

Line manager’s comments

Manager’s outline of the strategic direction of the organisation and opportunities for progression/advancement over 1 to 3 year timeframe: The organization plans to campaign for further training and periodic job appraisal for better performance of workforce

Staff member’s comments

Staff member’s preferences for professional development/promotion/advancement and proposed action plan:

Improving the welfare of workers through increased funding by the organization.

References

Abrams, R. M. (2003). The successful business plan: Secrets & strategies. Palo Alto, CA: Plannignshop.

Bechet, T. P. (2008). Strategic staffing: A comprehensive system for effective workforce planning. New York: American Management Association.

Borkowski, N. (2011). Organizational behavior in health care. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Henry, A. (2011). Understanding strategic management. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Name:

Course:

Professor:

Date:

Michelin Tires

The use of technology in business is essential to any company if it hopes to increase efficiency, make more profits, and become a market leader. Michelin is well aware of this fact and plans to introduce high-tech tires to rise to the top of the industry over its closet competitors; Bridgestone and Good-year. The move by Michelin to come up with a high-tech tire filled with a gel that allows motorists to drive even with a flat tire is a revolutionary one. However, the case study indicates that this tire will only be used on high-end vehicles such as the Cadillac and Audi A8. One of the reasons why Michelin will use the high-tech tire on upscale vehicles is to cover the cost of production. It is evident that the production of the gel-filled tire will cost more due to its durability; hence, the tire company will want to sell it at a price proportional to its costs. Buying upscale cars is quite costly; thus, buyers will not fret much over cost but will look at the benefit of driving even with a flat tire.

However, Michelin should not restrict the high-tech tire only to upscale cars. Every motorist has had to deal with the inconvenience of a flat tire even in the most challenging situations such as a lonely road or the middle of the night. The gel-filled tire would come in handy in such scenarios. Michelin should come up with a plan to roll out the tire to other types of cars as well because as production volume increases, economies of scale apply. Production costs will reduce allowing the company to reduce the price of the tires so that customers with cheaper cars can also afford the tire. The high-tech tire would bring such relief to people as they would never have to stop just because of a flat tire.

Michelle Gomez

Noah Garcia

Magaly Mireles

Joanna Sierra

Yarezi Perez

Brian Palacios

Dennie Johnson

31 October 2018

An Annotated Bibliography: When I’m Gone Eminem

Macleod, Duncan “Eminem at Recovery Meeting in When I’m Gone.” The Inspiration Room, 7 Jan. 2015, theinspirationroom.com/daily/2006/Eminem-when-im-gone/.

This article looks at the meaning of Eminem song as part of his recovery journey after suffering from addiction. The author points out that the music video of the song was released just a few days after Eminem had been hospitalized and then entered rehab for use of drugs. The video points out Eminem in a Narcotics Anonymous meeting. The first person in the video explains how he has been attending the meetings for six years but he was happy that he had become a different person. When the moderator asks who else wants to share, Eminem step up and that is when he begins singing the lyrics to the song. The article goes to point out that the estrangement Eminem is going through including a drift from his family was because of his drug use and rapping careers.

This article is useful as it links the music video with the lyrics to the video explaining what Eminem meant in his song. This article helps me get a deeper understanding of the Eminem’s song because of its link with the music video in trying to explain the lyrics to the video. This article however focuses more on the music video and not the lyrics. It may be a little useful when talking of how the lyrics are linked to Eminem’s drug addiction

“When I’m gone by Eminem – Song facts.” Song Meanings at Song facts, www.songfacts.com/facts/eminem/when-im-gone.

This article begins by acknowledging that this is the second most personal song aside from mocking bird. The author then proceeds to point out that in this song, Eminem was telling his fans his final goodbyes in tithe music industry as the song was taking a toll on his life. He states that his daughter Hailie needs him and he wants to lead a normal life with his daughter’s involvement in it. He is stating that he should not be sad as he exits because he is thinking of his family.

This article is important as it gives another meaning to the lyrics that most article do not see. It states the lyrics are dedicated to the audience as Eminem is trying to create time for himself and the family. This article will be important in helping me understand how this song may also be a dedication to the audience as he points out his struggles with addiction

Dawkins, Marcia Alesan. Eminem: The Real Slim Shady: The Real Slim Shady. ABC-CLIO, 2013.

This article explores how Eminem keeps referring himself as the real slim shady. In the song when I’m one he uses these exact same line several time. The author points out that Eminem uses this words. He talks of how Eminem has been sacksful in the music industry that was predominantly dominated by African Americans. The author points out that Eminem’s song when I’m gone talks of two key things: the first is his struggle with addiction and the second is how the music industry was messing up with his family,

This article will be important in my writing as it looks at Eminem’s way of rapping and where he gets his inspiration. By understand the different lyrics Eminem has constantly used in different lyrics will help me broaden my understanding on what Eminem was trying to imply.

“Take a Smile.” Take a Smile, you.stonybrook.edu/elainethebest/2015/02/16/storyteller-reflection-when-im-gone-by-eminem/.

The article states that Eminem’s When I’ gone was a song addressed to his daughter. He was explaining the love that he had for his daughter and how his career was messing up with his family relationship. The author points out that Hailie who is Eminem’s daughter is the center of the story and he felt bad that he was not able to be there for his daughter. The author also points out that Eminem may also be attributing his absence from his family may be due to his celebrity status. The author also points out the constant questions that Eminem keep posing as if directed to the audience as if he is trying to make them understand what he is going through

This article will help me expound on the meaning of Eminem’s song. It critically analyses the various lines and metaphors that have been used in the verse to understand what message Eminem was trying to pass in the song. This paper will be of great help in building the body of my paragraph as it provides the necessary content needed to expound on my paper. The paper however does not expound on other ongoing versus especially where he talks about his drug use.

Simbolon, Patar. “Family Life Portrayal Viewed from Eminem’s Selected Lyrics.” Family Life Portrayal Viewed from Eminem’s Selected Lyrics. 2009

This article explores the various worlds that Eminem uses in his songs including mocking bird. The author begins by acknowledging the fact that Eminem has whom himself several Grammy awards and this could be due to his word play. The author looks at polysemy, hyponymy, denotation, synonymy, message and autonomy in his music. In the song I’m gone, the author observes. The author points out that Eminem uses his lyrics to express what he believes in and that it cannot help him solve the problems he is going through. For example when sings I followed you daddy/ you told me that you weren’t leaving’/ you lied to me dad, and now you made mommy sad” In this statement he is stating of the pain his daughter felt for breaking the promise he would not leave. The author is also quick to point out how Eminem’s song “When I’m gone” is one of his songs that talks of his personal life

This article helps me have a better understanding of Eminem’s lyrics and what he means when using certain words. The use of semantics in analysis of Eminem’s songs gives a better understanding of the wordplay that Eminem utilizes in his music to bring out certain messages. This paper will be important in developing a conceptual framework in both my introduction and the body and it is a great resource I can use to expound my paper.

Works Cited

Dawkins, Marcia Alesan. Eminem: The Real Slim Shady: The Real Slim Shady. ABC-CLIO, 2013.Macleod, Duncan “Eminem at Recovery Meeting in When I’m Gone.” The Inspiration Room, 7 Jan. 2015, theinspirationroom.com/daily/2006/Eminem-when-im-gone/.

Simbolon, Patar. “Family Life Portrayal Viewed from Eminem’s Selected Lyrics.” Family Life Portrayal Viewed from Eminem’s Selected Lyrics. 2009

“Take a Smile.” Take a Smile, you.stonybrook.edu/elainethebest/2015/02/16/storyteller-reflection-when-im-gone-by-eminem

When I’m gone by Eminem – Song facts.” Song Meanings at Song facts, www.songfacts.com/facts/eminem/when-im-gone.

Managed Healthcare

A healthy care system that controls cost of services, manages the use of services and measures the performance of health care providers is called managed care. This system is both health care financing and health care delivery. There exists many types of managed care plans but the most common ones are health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and preferred provider organizations (PPOs) (Chowallur, 2008).

Managed care has tried to change the way health care is financed by changing the incentives in health care system. By so doing, managed care has affected health care negatively. Revenue resources under free-for-care service become costs under managed care. More so, managed care discouraged use of care except extremely necessary. This affects in patients hospital care and mental health care. Managed care affects health administrator’s revenue for they only make profits by providing health services which are only absolutely necessary to patients unlike, free- for -service providers which profits them when people get sick and make use of the health services (Todd, 2009). Managed care programs have affected significantly the employment of nurses since HMO has resulted in reduced number of discharges.

Managed care and prospective payments have tried to cause hospital staffing changes so as to cut the costs and expenses incurred in paying health administrator’s salaries. This reduction of medical staff has been associated with the poor quality of health care observed in hospitals (Chowallur, 2008).

Managed care denies the patient freedom o f choosing a health care provider as well it limits the healthcare provider’s ability to order diagnostic tests and therapeutic procedures. In this system, administrators rather than medical and health personnel make decisions about patient’s future health. This results into too few services being provided to patients especially for those patients who require long-term inpatient or out patient care.

The future of health care can be improved only if all the patients even those who odes not have insurance covers are allowed to access managed care services. Also quality of services offered may be improved by increasing employment of registered medical experts and by reimbursing them in time (Todd, 2009).

References

Chowallur Dev Chacko, M.D. (2008), Let’s reject managed care: “Managed Care: Can’t We DoBetter?” February 2008, p. 11, International Medical News Group Gale, CengageLearning.

Todd, Maria K. (2009) The managed care contracting handbook; planning and negotiating themanaged care relationship, 2nd E.d .Book News, Inc., Portland CRC / Taylor & Francis