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Borderline Personality Disorder: 12 Common Symptoms and Causes

By: Rachel Despres on Tuesday, February 13th, 2018

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental illness that affects about 1.6 percent of adults in the United States alone. According to the NHS, it is the most commonly recognized personality disorder, and affects a person’s thoughts and feelings about themselves and others.

Those who develop BPD tend to begin exhibiting signs by early adulthood. The condition generally worsens as they move into young adulthood, but can get better as they age. Read on to learn about the 12 most common symptoms and causes of BPD to be mindful of.

 Symptoms

1. Fear of Abandonment

People with BPD tend to have a strong fear of being left alone or abandoned. Regardless of whether such abandonment is real or imagined, the individual may go to extreme measures to avoid possible separation or rejection.

For example, HelpGuides.com says someone with BPD may “beg, cling, start fights, jealousy track your loved one’s movements, or even physically block the other person from leaving.” Unfortunately, these behaviors may cause loved ones to withdraw, resulting in exactly what they feared and were trying to prevent.

2. Unstable Relationships

BPD tends to make maintaining healthy relationships very challenging. This is because the affected individual tends to be quite needy, intense, and mistrusting, not only with romantic partners, but also with friends and family.

Additionally, a person with BPD tends to have a very black and white way of thinking about people, seeing them as ‘all good’ or ‘all bad.’ This causes frequently shifting attitudes towards others that range from “extreme closeness and love (idealization) to extreme dislike or anger (devaluation),” says the National Institute of Mental Health.

3. Unstable Self-Image

People with BPD also struggle with identity disturbances. Sometimes, they may feel good about themselves, but others times they may feel hatred toward who they are, perhaps seeing themselves as bad or evil. Additionally, this self-image can change depending on whom the person is with, as they often copy the actions and behaviors of others because “their ability to be independent and autonomous is very impaired,” says John Oldham, MD, professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, in speaking with Health.com.

They may also have constantly shifting ideas of who they are or what they want in life, resulting in frequent changes to “jobs, friends, lovers, religion, values, goals, and even sexual identity,” indicates HelpGuides.com.

4. Impulsive, Risky Behaviors

Impulsive, risky, and often self-destructive behaviors are also common for those with BPD. These behaviors can include gambling, spending sprees, shoplifting, or “sabotaging success by suddenly quitting a good job or ending a positive relationship,” says the Mayo Clinic.

In some cases these behaviors may even put the individual in danger, such as by driving recklessly, practicing unsafe sex, abusing drugs or alcohol, or binge eating. While engaging in these activities may help them feel better in the moment, in the long run they can do more harm than good to themselves and their close relationships.

5. Self-Harm and Suicide

Self-injury is another common symptom of BPD; in fact, the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health says that “up to 75 percent of people with BPD self-injure one or more times,” commonly by cutting, burning themselves with a cigarette, or an “overdose that can bring relief from intense emotional pain.”

While in most cases these self-harming behaviors are non-suicidal, that isn’t the case for everyone, as the source says, “about 10 percent of people with BPD take their own lives.”

6. Intense Mood Swings

Another common symptom of BPD is emotional volatility, with intense mood swings that range from extreme happiness one moment, to despair the next. These mood swings can be triggered by things that others would simply brush off or not even notice, such as “if a colleague was too preoccupied to say hello in the hallway,” says Health.com.

While these mood swings tend to pass fairly quickly, typically lasting only a few minutes or hours, in some cases they may persist for several days at a time.

7. Chronic Feelings of Emptiness

People with BPD may also struggle with chronic feelings of emptiness, like “there’s a hole or a void inside them,” says HelpGuides.com. In extreme cases, the source says that individuals may feel as if they are ‘nothing’ or ‘nobody.’

Because this feeling of emptiness is uncomfortable, they “may try to fill the hole with things like drugs, food, or sex.” While these things may offer temporary relief, nothing seems to make it go away for good.

8. Explosive Anger

In addition to extreme mood swings, people with BPD may also struggle with intense anger. Although such anger is often triggered, Health.com says they “react in a way that seems exaggerated or disproportional to an event.”

These reactions can include “frequently losing your temper, being sarcastic or bitter, or having physical fights,” says the Mayo Clinic. Although this anger is most noticeable when it is directed outwardly toward others, HelpGuides.com notes that people with BPD spend a great deal of time being angry at themselves.

9. Paranoia and Dissociation

Paranoia is another common symptom of BPD, where an individual may have “suspicious thoughts about others’ motives,” says HelpGuides.com. As a result, they may struggle to trust others.

In some cases, often when under stress, people with BPD may also experience dissociation. In such a state, the National Institute of Mental Health says they may “feel cut off from oneself, seeing oneself from outside one’s body, or feelings of unreality.”

Work Cited Entry

Despres, Rachel. Borderline Personality Disorder: 12 Common Symptoms and Causes.” ActiveBeat, 12 Feb. 2018, www.activebeat.com. 11July 2018.

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A study into differential reactions to men and women’s gender role transgressions

Introduction

In many societies when an individual violates social norms such as transgressing gender roles, they are likely to be punished. The male gender transgressor is considered to be of a lower social status as compared to the female gender transgressor. It has been established that the norms relation to gender roles are among the most powerful social norms which individuals can violate, and these are internalized when people practice socialization through gender roles. Usually, the social norms are what determine the various roles and habits that individual of either sex adopt and then enact; if anyone fails to act according to the gender roles, which they are perceived to, they will be considered to be acting negatively. This paper critically evaluates if the male gender transgressor will be punished more than the female transgressor.

Purpose of the study

This study was seeking to explain if an adult male individual, who is described to bear female traits will be considered to have a lower social status, has higher chances of being homosexual, and have values that are dissimilar to a female individual who is said to have traits that are considered masculine. It was also meant to explain if the male individual who has been observed to have feminine characteristics will be considered to have a lower social class, has a higher probability of being homosexual, and be of less value than a female individual who is described to have more masculine behavior. This simply means that a female with male traits will be considered homosexual just like the male counterpart with female traits is, but to a much less extent.

Hypothesis testing

The main hypothesis tested here is if an adult male individual to be used in the study and whose traits will be feminine will be considered to have lower social status, be more likely to be homosexual, and be considered to have a value higher or lower than that of a female individual who has masculine traits. The study will also test the hypothesis that the male who is described to have feminine traits will be considered to be of lower social status, have more chances of being homosexual, and be having more or less value to a female individual who has behavior considered masculine.

Structure of the study

The independent variables are gender and traits; dependant variables are homosexuality and social status. Qualitative research method is used because the parameters involved cannot be measured. This study included 59 students as participants from a North American college. The students involved were taking a developmental psychology course and included 29 men and 30 women. Most of them are white and participated by completing research material in small groups.

Personal perception paradigm is employed in this study. Each of the participants was to rate two hypothetical target persons (TPs). Of the TPs one is described through personalities described by gender and is labeled (TP1), while the other was described through behaviors attached to the sex of an individual, and this individual was labeled (TP2). TP1 are masculine typed and are obtained from the agency and the female typed subscales of the PAQ. PAQ were chosen because they are qualities for either sex but are considered more masculine or more feminine.

TP1 had completely masculine descriptions while TP2 had purely masculine traits descriptions on it. The descriptions on the behavior labeled in TP2 were a combination of various dominant and submissive traits that are borrowed from earlier on research that was carried out on gender based nature of these traits. Just like in the PAQ, the behavior is either submissive or dominant for both males and females, just as shown in the corresponding scores on social desirability scores; however, they are closely associated with dominant behaviors common in men or to submissive behaviors which are attached to women.

The masculine typed TP, which was dominant, is typed with men traits including contributing positively to group discussions, settling disputes successfully, encouraging other people to express their feelings and air their opinions, being strong willed, refusing to take in other people’s ideas, embarrassing other people publicly, arguing with security guards in an attempt to get through, making sexual advances to the spouse, not refusing when needed. The other one is typed with female traits including avoiding conversations unless invited, avoiding conversations at parties, protecting self form verbal abuse, avoiding statements and things that anger others, taking opinions from parents and friends, going out with others, and letting the partner choose where to hang out.

The study has been based on the argument that men who are described in gender-based ways are said to be higher in social status than women who are gender-typed, and that individuals of either sex who are gender typed are likely to be heterosexual. This implies that the major aim of this study is to compare the perceptions that people have on individuals who transgress gender and not to make comparisons of the perceptions on gender transgressors.

The participants are male and females who are assigned to make a reading on the way that two either male or female participants were described. The descriptions based on traits are always presented first. A provisional adjustment is to balance the number of either sex to 15. The participants are then asked read the underlying scenario and make a response to questions, which were inquiring about the type of person they though the person described could.

Statistical methods used in the analysis

The Perceived Social Status (PSS) test in TP1 and TP2 social status is measured using socio-metric variables that had been applied in earlier studies. The participants are to rate four items, which measured the importance, competence, and general regard of the individuals who participated.

The Perceived Homosexuality (PH), which was measured using three, items which have been successfully used earlier on in related studies. The participants rate how they think each of the traits on the TP is relevant to homosexuality, the extent each TP was close to homosexuality and the probability that the TP was homosexual. The first two were rated on a Likert scale with ten points where the magnitude increased as one moved towards ten. The third one is rated on a percentage scale and then transformed into Z scores (Sirin, 2010).

Perceived value Dissimilarity (PVD) that is measured using the short version of Schwartz’s values Survey.

Haddock et al. (19930 outlined eleven value types to be used in this 22nd measure and they include benevolence, stimulation, self-direction, universalism, conformity, achievement tradition, hedonism, spirituality, power and security.

Statistical analysis

The Perceived Social Status indicated that there is considerable effect or whether the participant was male or female. More males than females perceived TP1 negatively regardless whom it targeted. The male gender transgressor is attributed a lower social status than the female counterpart. He is also perceived more negatively. When the individual targeted is described it terms of behavior, there is a significant effect for just the sex of the individual transgressing the role of gender. A man with submissive behaviors is judged more negatively than a woman with dominant behaviors.

Perceived Sexual Orientation indicated no significant effect for the participant’s sex in the trait based TP. However, there is some effect on the transgressors sex. Females with male traits are less considered homosexual than men with female traits.

Perceived Value Dissimilarity produced figures which are analyzed to show and that, for TP1, there is no significant effect on the transgressor or the participants’’ life. For PT2 there is no significant effect for the participant’s sex. However, there is a considerable effect for the transgressors (Sirin, 2004).

Limitations and strengths

The participants are selected randomly from a group of 59 college students undertaking psychology in a North American Institution. In the course, there are 29 men and 30 women and a large percentage are white. The students participated by filling in the material in small groups.

They make use of various measures of the required qualitative data to quantify the aspects in question. These include the perceived social status, the perceived homosexuality and the perceived dissimilarity. After obtaining the data, it is then analyzed using the right tolls such as the ANOVAs, Fishers analysis and the Z score. This helps them to make conclusions.

Various measures are taken into consideration to reduce the errors and level of inaccuracy in the figures obtained since the wrong figure should result in poor results and incorrect conclusion. The methods used had been used in earlier studies and thus were chosen based on the merit of reliability and accuracy.

The research is instigated by the fact that men are usually punished highly by the society or deviating their gender role than the women committing the same offence. The study has clearly explained if that the two have a significant effect for committing the offence using a sample of 30 individuals, 15 men, and women.

These results may not be very significant to the entire population because the sample used is small as compared to the whole population.

Recommendations

I would increase the sample population and use individuals from various occupations rather than involving just one group of people. Each individual will be picked from another group of people.

The study has involved only students, which mean they have not included people of older age, yet they will face the same wrath if they go against the expected gender roles as well. I will include people of all age groups in order to validate the relevance of the study.

Conclusion

This research reveals that males with feminine traits are considered more of homosexual than women who have masculine traits thus the first hypothesis cannot be rejected. The study has also validated the conclusion that men with feminine behaviors are perceived to have lower social status as compared to females with male typed behaviors thus we cannot reject the hypothesis.

Reference

Sirin, S. R., McCreary, D.R., & Mahalik, J. (2004). Differential reactions to men and women’s gender role transgressions: Perceptions of social status, sexual orientation, and value dissimilarity. Journal of Men’s Studies, 12(2), 119-132.

Sirin, S. R. (2010). Meta analysis. In N. J. Salkind (Ed.). Encyclopedia of Research Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.



Methodology

This research uses qualitative methods of study that involved in-depth, semi-structured, open-ended questions and follow-up probes. The sample in this research will incorporate members of the Savana State Softbal Program. Three sponsors of the program and four fans of Savana State Softbal. Data collection will be in two phases where the first three weeks of the research will major on the football members and the second phase will major on collecting data from the sponsors and fans.

Data collection methods include direct observation. the members of Savana team will be observed on how they relate with each other and the team’s officials. Direct interviews with the three team players and one official. The rest of the sample group are to fill a questionnaire regarding the nature and existence of ethical code at Savana State Softbal. Since the sample group is small the same people were asked to fill the ethical climate index of 2006

After data collection Analysis and sampling of the questionnaires will be done. Sampling is the key factor during this research. A heterogeneous sample will be obtained. After the heterogeneous sample is obtained is when then final analysis will be carried out. Data treatment onto to this sample of interest will also be employed so as to obtain final results which are reliable.

Some of the systems of analysis to be used include; Content analysis, it involves use of hypotheses and themes that might emerge and look for them in our paternity leave data obtained. Grounded analysis, involves allowing the data to ‘speak to itself’ with themes emerging from the data obtained. Calculation of the Ethical climate index will be done to determines the ethical level. Finally, the data obtained will be analyzed using the SPSS Software. Since the data to be obtained is longitudinal then residual analysis is the best way to analyze it.

Findings on numbers and percentages will be presented on pie charts and graphs. Graphs give a clear impression on number size which is small and which is big. The pie charts and graphs are easier to interpret and will be clearly understood by our key people we aim to address. Instruments that will be used include voice recorders which will help record data during research. Also computers will be used to treat the data convert it into useful information and also have it in a clear form to be understood by everyone.

Methodology

Lixa Pena

PSY3213

Yuli Dominguez

09/18/2022

Introduction:

The purpose of this experiment is to measure the correlation of romantic relationships on Academic Performance of High School students.

Research question: Is there a significant correlation between romantic relationships and the academic performance of high school students?

Hypothesis:

H0: There is no significant correlation between being in a romantic relationship and the academic performance of high school students.

H1: There is a significant correlation between being in a romantic relationship and the academic performance of high school students.

Research Design: The best research design for this experiment is a correlational study. The participants can complete surveys, and then measuring the results if there is a significant correlation between being in a romantic relationship and the academic performance of high school students.

Setting: Classroom at a High school

Participants: 25 high school seniors along the ages of 17 and 18. Reason for this experiment.

Instruments: Questionnaires and then compare with their test results. Collect data through students filling out questionnaires. How old are you, are you in a relationship, how long?

Procedure Data Analysis: Attending a High School classroom and having a group of students complete questionnaires, and then compare their test results with their questionnaires.

Limitations of the study:

Confounding variables

Threats to validity

Any additional limitations

Recruitment – Where and how are you going to get your sample?

Data collection – Step by step, how are you going to collect your data?

Ethical Considerations: Informed consent, right to privacy.

Conclusions:

Customer Inserts His/her Name

Customer Inserts Grade Course

Customer Inserts Tutor’s Name

25th October, 2010

Maintaining Academic Honesty

Academic honesty can be described as a moral code in academia which encompasses maintaining required academic standards, avoidance of plagiarism or cheating and truthfulness in academic publishing and research. It is applicable in all types of educational settings raging from elementary to graduate school. Honesty is sincerity and truthfulness. It is being upright in actions and principle. Honesty builds a positive image socially and creates a warm atmosphere. Students who engage in honesty enjoy inner peace, long-lasting trust both in academia and in life. Sincerity bears good fruits and helps in interacting with others. Academic honesty enhances social and individual prosperity as well as fair play. The topic of academic honesty cannot be completely discussed without addressing academic dishonesty. Academic dishonesty includes fabrication, deception, plagiarism, sabotage, bribery, cheating and professional misconduct. Dishonesty leads to hate, deceit, miscommunications, mistrust and declining social values. Students should be honest with themselves and others so as to help cope with life challenges. They should know their strengths and work on their limitations. Cheaters never win and winners never cheat. With the changing technology, maintaining academic honesty is increasingly hard. Students engage in questionable ethical manners making them inevitably honest (Donald 2010).

The availability of information from the internet has posed as a challenge for students to maintain honesty. Plagiarism is common for students who find it hard to cite the source of in formation from the variety. Regarding honesty in academics, students have developed an attitude that is less serious. Videos and other instructional articles are readily available to give tips to the students on how to cheat. Academic institutions are unable to cope with the variety ways of cheating formulated by students. Academic honesty is a dual effort exhibited by the faculty and the students. For instance the aspect of grade inflation involves the faculty as the principle determinant of honesty in this case.

Academic honesty is violated in a number of ways. Cheating is achieved through attaining information from fellow students when examinations are on. Students communicate and share information in exams. They allow fellow students to copy from their work. Personification is also very evident in schools especially during exams. Students use unauthorized writing materials in exams. Some alter graded examination and return it to the teachers or instructors for additional credit. Some alter laboratory and research projects misreporting their findings. Others submit their work to research companies and make payments for their assignments to be done by someone else (Wilfried 2002).

Plagiarism is submitting creative products such as ideas and words as one’s own work. It involves reproduction or adoption of other’s original creations without their acknowledgement. Direct quotations, ideas, facts and paraphrases should be accredited to the source. Other forms of violating academic honesty are stealing answer key or examinations, altering academic records and forgery. Some students submit same work for various courses. Others engage in sabotage by impairing intentionally the work of others, distracting them, altering athletic or musical equipments, removing some pages from books, and altering reagents or laboratory samples of fellow students’ experiments. Collusion is the instance where a student intentionally aids another one in engaging in academic dishonesty. Disciplinary of collusion cases should be similar to that of the act itself (‘GWC’ 2010) Students engage in bribery where they pay for answers and gain other academic benefits. Others engage in deception by giving wrong information regarding academic exercises. This may involve false excuses for failing to submit due assignments or claiming that they have submitted their work while they haven’t. Other students engage in fabrication where they give wrong data, citations and information in their academic exercises.

Academic institutions should bear the responsibility of ensuring assigning of grades reflects the skill and knowledge level of students. Academic dishonesty weakens the society by producing intellectually incompetent individuals. To maintain honesty, the faculty should allocate honest grades to the students ensuring that honest students are not disadvantaged competitively. The faculty staff should bear the responsibility of elaborating the true importance of maintaining honesty to the students. It should conduct the students in a manner that makes plagiarism, cheating and any other dishonesty impossible. Students who engage in dishonesty should be disciplined in a manner that is timely (‘GWC’ 2010)

Students should avoid dishonesty, report incidences of dishonesty from fellow students and avoid aiding or being involved in any form of academic dishonesty. The administration is supposed to support students and the faculty to maintain honesty. It should facilitate disciplinary for personnel and the students involved in dishonesty. The administration is also supposed to disseminate the policy of academic honesty and its principles to staff, students and the faculty. It is the responsibility of the staff to co-operate with students, administration he faculty to eradicate cases of academic dishonesty. To maintain honesty, the staff is supposed to notify the body concerned with cases of academic dishonesty when incidences arise. Cases of violation of academic honesty involve evidence. Instructor could orally reprimand the student, deduct the points, give zero points or give an ‘F’ for the whole course. Serious cases involve tougher disciplinary actions such as discontinuity and suspension of the student. Some administrators reprimand students to go on probation as a disciplinary approach. Disciplinary actions helps minimize if not abolish violation of academic honesty thus improving the quality of education (‘GWC’ 2010)

Academic honesty comes with a number of benefits. Students make intellectual progress. The measure of skills, intellectual maturity and knowledge is achieved when one is honest. This helps the students to acquire standard academic success. Institutions that maintain integrity in academics flourish intellectually and are able to win the trust of the society and the world at large. Honesty in academics is reflected when one gets a career where one avoids being engaged in fraud in the workplace. Students who are honest in class will definitely be honest at work with fellow workers and avoid any incidences e that may diminish their honesty. Since potential employers use the qualifications of the student to gage their capability, honest certificates are essential in the job market. If wrong qualifications are handed in, then the result is incompetence at work and failure to deliver which may eventually lead to being laid off. Academic honesty saves the staff and student the emotional agony associated with dishonesty. Dishonesty destructs the student involved and the instructors who may be forced to take a tough disciplinary action against their wish. Honest students earn good reputation and may attract potential employers (Kenneth 2009)

Conclusion

Honesty in academics cannot be over emphasized. Learning institutions should ensure that there is integrity in academics contributed by staff and the students. Disciplinary action should be taken for students involved in dishonesty so as others can learn by example. The academic world maintains its integrity when honesty is emphasized. Honesty exalts education and creates conducive learning environment for students to reap the right rewards for their effort and this helps in pursuing knowledge.

Reference

Donald L. McCabe, LK Trevino. (2010). Journal of Higher Education. Questia. Cengage Learning

Golden West College (GWC). (2010). Academic Honesty Policy. Huntington Beach, CA

Kenneth A. Gabriel. (2009). Management Consulting. Robert H. Smith School of Business. Washington, DC

Wilfried Decoo. (2002). Crisis on Campus: Confronting Academic Misconduct. Cambridge. HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Press” o “MIT Press” MIT Press

Borderline Personality Disorder Characteristics

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Borderline Personality Disorder Characteristics

People with borderline personality disorder are unable to properly regulate emotion. They experience extreme emotion and for protracted periods and find it difficult to return to a stable emotional state. This problem leads to strong emotional reactions to stressors. An individual with borderline personality disorder encounters problems with controlling their impulse. By making hasty decisions, a person with BPD cause harm to themselves or people around them. Impulsive behavior is a characteristic that is used to diagnose borderline personality disorder especially when the behavior is pervasive or in other terms extreme. According to Milto & Odle, (2011), “array of unbalanced and intense personal relationships, characterized by interchanging between idealization and devaluation (‘‘love-hate’’ relationships).”

Impulsive Behavior

In the hobbling scene, after finding out that Paul Sheldon was attempting an escape, Annie conducts an operation she calls hobbling to prevent him from attempting the escape again. In this operation, she places a piece of wood between Paul’s both ankles and uses a sledge hammer to break them by hitting them against the piece of wood (TaraFyYou, 2013). What she does in this scene clearly demonstrates impulsivity as a hallmark of borderline personality disorder. Impulsivity is actions one conducts without foresight, premature expression, without properly conceiving the reason why and measuring it against the risk or appropriateness to the situation. With impulsivity, the outcome is always undesired. In this scene, Annie is rash, clearly mentally unstable, unpredictable and hot-headed in the sense that Paul cannot convince her otherwise. People with BPD as shown by the behavior of Annie in this scene are quick to lash out on something they perceive to be a mistake and will not realize how this reaction is unreasonable or excessive. As a characteristic of BPD, Annie behavior is pervasive, injurious and interferes with her ability to function like a normal person.

References

Milto, L. D., & Odle, T. G. (2011). Borderline personality disorder. GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MEDICINE, (4).TaraFyYou. (2013, October 16). Misery- Hobbling Scene [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pbfkNI2d_A

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A Study of Human-Robot Interaction

In the contemporary world, tasks require robots to work in collaboration with humans in order to execute them. This process requires communication to synchronize events, collaborate, and portray the image of a team. The aforementioned statement requires the comprehension of human communication; although robots/agents experience the world from a different perspective.

Urban search and rescue provides illustrations that portray that the individual-robot team involves several individuals and one or several robots. The individuals in this team might be positioned tenuously or operate beside the robots in the hot zone. The teams are usually disseminated but the robots occupy the hot zone. The combined effort between the robots and the individuals occur in mutually skilled state whereby both parties’ skill offers the root of how strategies, activities and predictable outcomes are discretely understood (Lison et al, 140).

There are several fundamental necessities for transforming a robot into a team player. There is a general assumption that there exists no common foundation between humans and robots, each of them possesses their own perspective. The approach adopted in agent architecture is situational awareness. This approach embraces the procedure of buttressing and upholding an understanding of authenticity and the depiction of that understanding. Modeling a robot while complying with situational awareness enables a robot to understand and reason with strewn situational awareness. This approach creates a connection between probabilistic illustrations of familiarity and logical depictions of domain understanding. The latter enables robots to infer properties, existing engagements, and the probable consequences. Through the act of modeling the implications as beliefs, they can be ascribed to any number of team members (human or robot). Creating a link between the beliefs and experiences enables the positioning of robots in instances that confine them to what is achievable.

Moreover, the adoption of topological mapping construction equips the robot with a number of domain ontologies, connecting things, locations, and milestones to activities the robot can execute. When a robot encounters an ontological model, it derives further properties for that scenario. An exemplary illustration is a car in an accident. The robot can deduce that the vehicle has windows thus is more likely to have occupants. In such circumstances the robot checks for passengers. A recurring issue in the field of artificial intelligence is the capability to appropriately capture the social organization and utilize the subsequent model to circumnavigate and attain the objectives. The social behavior activity is founded on belief, desire, and intention model of human concrete thinking. The aforementioned model captures the complete social behavior band and offers design ideologies that permit robots to reason and transform their tendencies according to their individual insight of the compliant and modest natures of the community.

Communication within the individual-robot team entails more than mere comprehension of words. For a robot to comprehend what communication depicts, it has to understand the meaning behind the words. Communication in an individual-robot team is focused on task setting which is usually vastly monitored. Channel of communication in the above circumstance embraces a specific structure and applies a specific design. The conversations in this setup focus on the content conveyed, improving on precision and reducing uncertainty.

In an individual-robot team, the role one plays varies depending on one’s capabilities, ability to act under stress, and one’s autonomy. It is certain that robots cannot perform actions autonomously, and any attempt made to deployment of robotic systems which are autonomous will fall short of the objective. In simple terms, a robot’s autonomy varies, thus the roles assumed by such robots will occasionally shift. The aforementioned statement, affects the human’s roles and the overall team dynamics.

The sociological models embraced in human-robot teams postulate a band of social interpersonal behavior between the parties. First and foremost, the models suggest that robots have the ability of identifying themselves as members of a social group. Furthermore, every individual in the group possesses its own history, improvement configurations, and behavior outlines, that are portrayed in an individual’s summary to the degree they are recognized. Finally, there subsists mutual dependence that serves to be beneficial to the parties in the team (Burke, 39).

Conclusively, human beings tend to be socially competent but after extensive evolutionary process computational entities require an unequivocal means of demonstrating and perceptions about acts that possess social consequences.

Works Cited

Burke, Jennifer L. Moonlight in Miami: A Field Study of Human-Robot Interaction in the Context of an Urban Search and Rescue Disaster Response Training Exercise. Tampa, Fla.: University of South Florida, 2004.

Lison, P, C Ehrler, and G.-J.M Kruijff. “Belief Modelling for Situation Awareness in Human-Robot Interaction.” Proceedings – Ieee International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication. (2010): 138-143.

Borderline Personality Disorder Characteristics

Name

Institution

Date

Borderline Personality Disorder Characteristics

People with borderline personality disorder are unable to properly regulate emotion. They experience extreme emotion and for protracted periods and find it difficult to return to a stable emotional state. This problem leads to strong emotional reactions to stressors. An individual with borderline personality disorder encounters problems with controlling their impulse. By making hasty decisions, a person with BPD cause harm to themselves or people around them. Impulsive behavior is a characteristic that is used to diagnose borderline personality disorder especially when the behavior is pervasive or in other terms extreme.

Impulsive Behavior

In the hobbling scene, after finding out that Paul Sheldon was attempting an escape, Annie conducts an operation she calls hobbling to prevent him from attempting the escape again. In this operation, she places a piece of wood between Paul’s both ankles and uses a sledge hammer to break them by hitting them against the piece of wood (TaraFyYou, 2013). What she does in this scene clearly demonstrates impulsivity as a hallmark of borderline personality disorder. Impulsivity is actions one conducts without foresight, premature expression, without properly conceiving the reason why and measuring it against the risk or appropriateness to the situation. With impulsivity, the outcome is always undesired. In this scene, Annie is rash, clearly mentally unstable, unpredictable and hot-headed in the sense that Paul cannot convince her otherwise. People with BPD as shown by the behavior of Annie in this scene are quick to lash out on something they perceive to be a mistake and will not realize how this reaction is unreasonable or excessive. As a characteristic of BPD, Annie behavior is pervasive, injurious and interferes with her ability to function like a normal person.

References

TaraFyYou. (2013, October 16). Misery- Hobbling Scene [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pbfkNI2d_A

A Study on the Factors Affecting the Infant Feeding Practices of Mothers in San Antonio

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Introduction

The melamine controversy that emitted amid the last quarter of year 2008 brought individuals’ consideration over to the open deliberations in the middle of breastfeeding and the utilization of breast milk substitutes like business baby recipe. This wasn’t the first occasion when that baby recipe had created sicknesses and even deaths to newborn children around the world – subsequently the nonstop crusade of World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF alongside other breastfeeding promoters, for mothers to breastfeed their youngsters in any event until 6 months of age.

Baby feeding practices allude for the most part to help the infant. An investigation of baby bolstering practices was completed on an example of 100 mother and newborn child sets. The results uncovered that just 20% of mothers in the study as of now only breastfeed their children. It additionally demonstrates that financial components like mother’s work status, conjugal status and instructive accomplishment had immediate bearing on these practices. Utilized mothers have a tendency to stop breastfeeding their infants and in the long run stop and simply turn to equation bolstering as they retreat to work. The study additionally demonstrated that mothers who are hitched and living with their accomplices are more inclined to breastfeed their newborn children than single parents. Those with higher instructive fulfillment resort more to recipe bolstering and blended sustaining than those with lower instructive achievement. Health awareness expert’s impact mothers the most with regards to newborn child nourishing choices.

MethodologyType of Research

The sort of research that will be utilized within this study is qualitative examination and quantitative exploration. Qualitative specialists plan to accumulate an inside and out understanding of human conduct and the reasons that represent such conduct. The order researches the “why” and “how” of choice making. Other than this, the scientist will likewise look at the wonder through perceptions in numerical representations and through factual examination. Alongside polls that will be offered out to respondents for the factual representation of the discoveries in the study, meetings with the respondents and a couple of specialists in this field will likewise be directed.

Sampling Method

The exploration examining system that will be utilized within this study is irregular testing to get a more exploratory come about that could be utilized to speak to the aggregate of the population. A rundown of all health awareness offices (maternity and lying-in facilities, open and private clinics, wellbeing focuses) was procured from the San Antonio Hall.

From 20 groups, three will be picked through random testing. The health awareness offices and foundations in these three barangays will then be the target wellsprings of respondents of the specialist. The social insurance offices and foundations will be reached to get a verbal agree to regulate the survey to mothers at their spots. A letter of assent will likewise be sent to them alongside an example duplicate of the poll that will be utilized, and also the convention of the specialist. A letter was likewise tended to the City Health Officer to get underwriting and agree to lead an exploration in chose barangays and appropriate polls to the mothers in the region.

Information accumulation was directed all through the facilities‟ and wellbeing centers‟ working hours from Mondays through Sundays so as to incorporate both working and non-meeting expectations mothers.

Respondents

The respondents in this examination will all be originating from one single area – San Antonio, particularly the arbitrarily chose barangays of Pamplona I, CAA/BF International and Pamplona III. The scientist picked San Antonio on account of the financial conditions display in the territory that is applicable to the study furthermore as it fits the period and assets of the specialist. The specialist will approach the arbitrarily examined respondents for agreeing and endorsement to answer the survey until the wanted number of respondents that is 100 is arrived at. The notion of masters will likewise be looked for in this exploration to give clarifications in regards to the respondents‟ baby nourishing practices and practices.

Questionnaire

The poll obliges data about the financial and demographic foundation of the mother. It additionally has inquiries identified with past baby sustaining practices and the conception of her most youthful newborn child furthermore in regards to the infant’s general wellbeing and age.

Explanations that are seen to be elements that impact mothers‟ newborn child is feeding choices were displayed. The depiction of the sort of baby recipe given by equation and blended bolstering mothers will likewise be asked in the material.

Conclusion

Larger part of the mother’s recipe sustain their tyke and just a minority only breastfeeds their youngsters, particularly according to the proposal of the World Health Organization. While dominant part of the mothers in this study demonstrated an inspirational disposition towards breastfeeding, the majority of them chose just to equation nourish because of the reasons of deficient drain supply and work.

In light of the aftereffects of the study, the instructive fulfillment, work status, conjugal status, and courses in the barangay the respondents are part of, about breastfeeding, are the noteworthy elements that influence the newborn child nourishing choice of mothers in San Antonio. Most of the mothers that served as respondents in this study fall under the age scope of 17-30 years of age. More than 50% of them were additionally school graduates while a noteworthy number are students and have just arrived at until secondary school. A large portion of the mothers is housewives and the others remaining have full-time occupations, low maintenance employments and independently employed. A couple of them are still understudies. While lion’s shares of them were hitched, a great deal were still in the status of live-in and were single. More than 50% of the mothers did not have past kids before the current one. Dominant parts of the respondents additionally have a yearly horrible family pay that does not surpass P50, 000.

Among the few data sources to be specific, media through TVs/radios and printed/distributed materials, the social help supportive network contained the mother’s family, companions and different relatives and wellbeing organizations, the mothers who give their children newborn child equation are affected the most by medicinal services establishments through wellbeing experts and other health awareness staff. They impact the mothers in choosing to nourish the child with recipe and in picking, too, which brand of equation is best for their children. Mothers believe their infant’s specialist due to their aptitude in the said field thus this sort of connection is attained.

Mothers were in general not worried about the conceivable reactions of breastfeeding as couples were just stressed as indicated in the information introduced. It can be reasoned that various inside and outside components impact a mother in settling on the newborn child sustaining choices, and a more prominent part of these is financial in nature.

References

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Maehr, J. C., Lizarraga, J. L., Wingard, D. L., & Felice, M. E. (1993). A comparative study ofadolescent and adult mothers who intend to breastfeed. Journal of adolescent health,14(6), 453-457.

Rempel, L. A. (2004). Factors influencing the breastfeeding decisions of long-term breastfeeders.Journal of Human Lactation, 20(3), 306-318.