Category: Uncategorized

Methodology

This research uses qualitative methods of study that involved in-depth, semi-structured, open-ended questions and follow-up probes. The sample in this research will incorporate members of the Savana State Softbal Program. Three sponsors of the program and four fans of Savana State Softbal. Data collection will be in two phases where the first three weeks of the research will major on the football members and the second phase will major on collecting data from the sponsors and fans.

Data collection methods include direct observation. the members of Savana team will be observed on how they relate with each other and the team’s officials. Direct interviews with the three team players and one official. The rest of the sample group are to fill a questionnaire regarding the nature and existence of ethical code at Savana State Softbal. Since the sample group is small the same people were asked to fill the ethical climate index of 2006

After data collection Analysis and sampling of the questionnaires will be done. Sampling is the key factor during this research. A heterogeneous sample will be obtained. After the heterogeneous sample is obtained is when then final analysis will be carried out. Data treatment onto to this sample of interest will also be employed so as to obtain final results which are reliable.

Some of the systems of analysis to be used include; Content analysis, it involves use of hypotheses and themes that might emerge and look for them in our paternity leave data obtained. Grounded analysis, involves allowing the data to ‘speak to itself’ with themes emerging from the data obtained. Calculation of the Ethical climate index will be done to determines the ethical level. Finally, the data obtained will be analyzed using the SPSS Software. Since the data to be obtained is longitudinal then residual analysis is the best way to analyze it.

Findings on numbers and percentages will be presented on pie charts and graphs. Graphs give a clear impression on number size which is small and which is big. The pie charts and graphs are easier to interpret and will be clearly understood by our key people we aim to address. Instruments that will be used include voice recorders which will help record data during research. Also computers will be used to treat the data convert it into useful information and also have it in a clear form to be understood by everyone.

Methodology

Lixa Pena

PSY3213

Yuli Dominguez

09/18/2022

Introduction:

The purpose of this experiment is to measure the correlation of romantic relationships on Academic Performance of High School students.

Research question: Is there a significant correlation between romantic relationships and the academic performance of high school students?

Hypothesis:

H0: There is no significant correlation between being in a romantic relationship and the academic performance of high school students.

H1: There is a significant correlation between being in a romantic relationship and the academic performance of high school students.

Research Design: The best research design for this experiment is a correlational study. The participants can complete surveys, and then measuring the results if there is a significant correlation between being in a romantic relationship and the academic performance of high school students.

Setting: Classroom at a High school

Participants: 25 high school seniors along the ages of 17 and 18. Reason for this experiment.

Instruments: Questionnaires and then compare with their test results. Collect data through students filling out questionnaires. How old are you, are you in a relationship, how long?

Procedure Data Analysis: Attending a High School classroom and having a group of students complete questionnaires, and then compare their test results with their questionnaires.

Limitations of the study:

Confounding variables

Threats to validity

Any additional limitations

Recruitment – Where and how are you going to get your sample?

Data collection – Step by step, how are you going to collect your data?

Ethical Considerations: Informed consent, right to privacy.

Conclusions:

Customer Inserts His/her Name

Customer Inserts Grade Course

Customer Inserts Tutor’s Name

25th October, 2010

Maintaining Academic Honesty

Academic honesty can be described as a moral code in academia which encompasses maintaining required academic standards, avoidance of plagiarism or cheating and truthfulness in academic publishing and research. It is applicable in all types of educational settings raging from elementary to graduate school. Honesty is sincerity and truthfulness. It is being upright in actions and principle. Honesty builds a positive image socially and creates a warm atmosphere. Students who engage in honesty enjoy inner peace, long-lasting trust both in academia and in life. Sincerity bears good fruits and helps in interacting with others. Academic honesty enhances social and individual prosperity as well as fair play. The topic of academic honesty cannot be completely discussed without addressing academic dishonesty. Academic dishonesty includes fabrication, deception, plagiarism, sabotage, bribery, cheating and professional misconduct. Dishonesty leads to hate, deceit, miscommunications, mistrust and declining social values. Students should be honest with themselves and others so as to help cope with life challenges. They should know their strengths and work on their limitations. Cheaters never win and winners never cheat. With the changing technology, maintaining academic honesty is increasingly hard. Students engage in questionable ethical manners making them inevitably honest (Donald 2010).

The availability of information from the internet has posed as a challenge for students to maintain honesty. Plagiarism is common for students who find it hard to cite the source of in formation from the variety. Regarding honesty in academics, students have developed an attitude that is less serious. Videos and other instructional articles are readily available to give tips to the students on how to cheat. Academic institutions are unable to cope with the variety ways of cheating formulated by students. Academic honesty is a dual effort exhibited by the faculty and the students. For instance the aspect of grade inflation involves the faculty as the principle determinant of honesty in this case.

Academic honesty is violated in a number of ways. Cheating is achieved through attaining information from fellow students when examinations are on. Students communicate and share information in exams. They allow fellow students to copy from their work. Personification is also very evident in schools especially during exams. Students use unauthorized writing materials in exams. Some alter graded examination and return it to the teachers or instructors for additional credit. Some alter laboratory and research projects misreporting their findings. Others submit their work to research companies and make payments for their assignments to be done by someone else (Wilfried 2002).

Plagiarism is submitting creative products such as ideas and words as one’s own work. It involves reproduction or adoption of other’s original creations without their acknowledgement. Direct quotations, ideas, facts and paraphrases should be accredited to the source. Other forms of violating academic honesty are stealing answer key or examinations, altering academic records and forgery. Some students submit same work for various courses. Others engage in sabotage by impairing intentionally the work of others, distracting them, altering athletic or musical equipments, removing some pages from books, and altering reagents or laboratory samples of fellow students’ experiments. Collusion is the instance where a student intentionally aids another one in engaging in academic dishonesty. Disciplinary of collusion cases should be similar to that of the act itself (‘GWC’ 2010) Students engage in bribery where they pay for answers and gain other academic benefits. Others engage in deception by giving wrong information regarding academic exercises. This may involve false excuses for failing to submit due assignments or claiming that they have submitted their work while they haven’t. Other students engage in fabrication where they give wrong data, citations and information in their academic exercises.

Academic institutions should bear the responsibility of ensuring assigning of grades reflects the skill and knowledge level of students. Academic dishonesty weakens the society by producing intellectually incompetent individuals. To maintain honesty, the faculty should allocate honest grades to the students ensuring that honest students are not disadvantaged competitively. The faculty staff should bear the responsibility of elaborating the true importance of maintaining honesty to the students. It should conduct the students in a manner that makes plagiarism, cheating and any other dishonesty impossible. Students who engage in dishonesty should be disciplined in a manner that is timely (‘GWC’ 2010)

Students should avoid dishonesty, report incidences of dishonesty from fellow students and avoid aiding or being involved in any form of academic dishonesty. The administration is supposed to support students and the faculty to maintain honesty. It should facilitate disciplinary for personnel and the students involved in dishonesty. The administration is also supposed to disseminate the policy of academic honesty and its principles to staff, students and the faculty. It is the responsibility of the staff to co-operate with students, administration he faculty to eradicate cases of academic dishonesty. To maintain honesty, the staff is supposed to notify the body concerned with cases of academic dishonesty when incidences arise. Cases of violation of academic honesty involve evidence. Instructor could orally reprimand the student, deduct the points, give zero points or give an ‘F’ for the whole course. Serious cases involve tougher disciplinary actions such as discontinuity and suspension of the student. Some administrators reprimand students to go on probation as a disciplinary approach. Disciplinary actions helps minimize if not abolish violation of academic honesty thus improving the quality of education (‘GWC’ 2010)

Academic honesty comes with a number of benefits. Students make intellectual progress. The measure of skills, intellectual maturity and knowledge is achieved when one is honest. This helps the students to acquire standard academic success. Institutions that maintain integrity in academics flourish intellectually and are able to win the trust of the society and the world at large. Honesty in academics is reflected when one gets a career where one avoids being engaged in fraud in the workplace. Students who are honest in class will definitely be honest at work with fellow workers and avoid any incidences e that may diminish their honesty. Since potential employers use the qualifications of the student to gage their capability, honest certificates are essential in the job market. If wrong qualifications are handed in, then the result is incompetence at work and failure to deliver which may eventually lead to being laid off. Academic honesty saves the staff and student the emotional agony associated with dishonesty. Dishonesty destructs the student involved and the instructors who may be forced to take a tough disciplinary action against their wish. Honest students earn good reputation and may attract potential employers (Kenneth 2009)

Conclusion

Honesty in academics cannot be over emphasized. Learning institutions should ensure that there is integrity in academics contributed by staff and the students. Disciplinary action should be taken for students involved in dishonesty so as others can learn by example. The academic world maintains its integrity when honesty is emphasized. Honesty exalts education and creates conducive learning environment for students to reap the right rewards for their effort and this helps in pursuing knowledge.

Reference

Donald L. McCabe, LK Trevino. (2010). Journal of Higher Education. Questia. Cengage Learning

Golden West College (GWC). (2010). Academic Honesty Policy. Huntington Beach, CA

Kenneth A. Gabriel. (2009). Management Consulting. Robert H. Smith School of Business. Washington, DC

Wilfried Decoo. (2002). Crisis on Campus: Confronting Academic Misconduct. Cambridge. HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Press” o “MIT Press” MIT Press

Borderline Personality Disorder Characteristics

Name

Institution

Date

Borderline Personality Disorder Characteristics

People with borderline personality disorder are unable to properly regulate emotion. They experience extreme emotion and for protracted periods and find it difficult to return to a stable emotional state. This problem leads to strong emotional reactions to stressors. An individual with borderline personality disorder encounters problems with controlling their impulse. By making hasty decisions, a person with BPD cause harm to themselves or people around them. Impulsive behavior is a characteristic that is used to diagnose borderline personality disorder especially when the behavior is pervasive or in other terms extreme. According to Milto & Odle, (2011), “array of unbalanced and intense personal relationships, characterized by interchanging between idealization and devaluation (‘‘love-hate’’ relationships).”

Impulsive Behavior

In the hobbling scene, after finding out that Paul Sheldon was attempting an escape, Annie conducts an operation she calls hobbling to prevent him from attempting the escape again. In this operation, she places a piece of wood between Paul’s both ankles and uses a sledge hammer to break them by hitting them against the piece of wood (TaraFyYou, 2013). What she does in this scene clearly demonstrates impulsivity as a hallmark of borderline personality disorder. Impulsivity is actions one conducts without foresight, premature expression, without properly conceiving the reason why and measuring it against the risk or appropriateness to the situation. With impulsivity, the outcome is always undesired. In this scene, Annie is rash, clearly mentally unstable, unpredictable and hot-headed in the sense that Paul cannot convince her otherwise. People with BPD as shown by the behavior of Annie in this scene are quick to lash out on something they perceive to be a mistake and will not realize how this reaction is unreasonable or excessive. As a characteristic of BPD, Annie behavior is pervasive, injurious and interferes with her ability to function like a normal person.

References

Milto, L. D., & Odle, T. G. (2011). Borderline personality disorder. GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MEDICINE, (4).TaraFyYou. (2013, October 16). Misery- Hobbling Scene [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pbfkNI2d_A

Name

Course

Course Instructor

Date

A Study of Human-Robot Interaction

In the contemporary world, tasks require robots to work in collaboration with humans in order to execute them. This process requires communication to synchronize events, collaborate, and portray the image of a team. The aforementioned statement requires the comprehension of human communication; although robots/agents experience the world from a different perspective.

Urban search and rescue provides illustrations that portray that the individual-robot team involves several individuals and one or several robots. The individuals in this team might be positioned tenuously or operate beside the robots in the hot zone. The teams are usually disseminated but the robots occupy the hot zone. The combined effort between the robots and the individuals occur in mutually skilled state whereby both parties’ skill offers the root of how strategies, activities and predictable outcomes are discretely understood (Lison et al, 140).

There are several fundamental necessities for transforming a robot into a team player. There is a general assumption that there exists no common foundation between humans and robots, each of them possesses their own perspective. The approach adopted in agent architecture is situational awareness. This approach embraces the procedure of buttressing and upholding an understanding of authenticity and the depiction of that understanding. Modeling a robot while complying with situational awareness enables a robot to understand and reason with strewn situational awareness. This approach creates a connection between probabilistic illustrations of familiarity and logical depictions of domain understanding. The latter enables robots to infer properties, existing engagements, and the probable consequences. Through the act of modeling the implications as beliefs, they can be ascribed to any number of team members (human or robot). Creating a link between the beliefs and experiences enables the positioning of robots in instances that confine them to what is achievable.

Moreover, the adoption of topological mapping construction equips the robot with a number of domain ontologies, connecting things, locations, and milestones to activities the robot can execute. When a robot encounters an ontological model, it derives further properties for that scenario. An exemplary illustration is a car in an accident. The robot can deduce that the vehicle has windows thus is more likely to have occupants. In such circumstances the robot checks for passengers. A recurring issue in the field of artificial intelligence is the capability to appropriately capture the social organization and utilize the subsequent model to circumnavigate and attain the objectives. The social behavior activity is founded on belief, desire, and intention model of human concrete thinking. The aforementioned model captures the complete social behavior band and offers design ideologies that permit robots to reason and transform their tendencies according to their individual insight of the compliant and modest natures of the community.

Communication within the individual-robot team entails more than mere comprehension of words. For a robot to comprehend what communication depicts, it has to understand the meaning behind the words. Communication in an individual-robot team is focused on task setting which is usually vastly monitored. Channel of communication in the above circumstance embraces a specific structure and applies a specific design. The conversations in this setup focus on the content conveyed, improving on precision and reducing uncertainty.

In an individual-robot team, the role one plays varies depending on one’s capabilities, ability to act under stress, and one’s autonomy. It is certain that robots cannot perform actions autonomously, and any attempt made to deployment of robotic systems which are autonomous will fall short of the objective. In simple terms, a robot’s autonomy varies, thus the roles assumed by such robots will occasionally shift. The aforementioned statement, affects the human’s roles and the overall team dynamics.

The sociological models embraced in human-robot teams postulate a band of social interpersonal behavior between the parties. First and foremost, the models suggest that robots have the ability of identifying themselves as members of a social group. Furthermore, every individual in the group possesses its own history, improvement configurations, and behavior outlines, that are portrayed in an individual’s summary to the degree they are recognized. Finally, there subsists mutual dependence that serves to be beneficial to the parties in the team (Burke, 39).

Conclusively, human beings tend to be socially competent but after extensive evolutionary process computational entities require an unequivocal means of demonstrating and perceptions about acts that possess social consequences.

Works Cited

Burke, Jennifer L. Moonlight in Miami: A Field Study of Human-Robot Interaction in the Context of an Urban Search and Rescue Disaster Response Training Exercise. Tampa, Fla.: University of South Florida, 2004.

Lison, P, C Ehrler, and G.-J.M Kruijff. “Belief Modelling for Situation Awareness in Human-Robot Interaction.” Proceedings – Ieee International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication. (2010): 138-143.

Borderline Personality Disorder Characteristics

Name

Institution

Date

Borderline Personality Disorder Characteristics

People with borderline personality disorder are unable to properly regulate emotion. They experience extreme emotion and for protracted periods and find it difficult to return to a stable emotional state. This problem leads to strong emotional reactions to stressors. An individual with borderline personality disorder encounters problems with controlling their impulse. By making hasty decisions, a person with BPD cause harm to themselves or people around them. Impulsive behavior is a characteristic that is used to diagnose borderline personality disorder especially when the behavior is pervasive or in other terms extreme.

Impulsive Behavior

In the hobbling scene, after finding out that Paul Sheldon was attempting an escape, Annie conducts an operation she calls hobbling to prevent him from attempting the escape again. In this operation, she places a piece of wood between Paul’s both ankles and uses a sledge hammer to break them by hitting them against the piece of wood (TaraFyYou, 2013). What she does in this scene clearly demonstrates impulsivity as a hallmark of borderline personality disorder. Impulsivity is actions one conducts without foresight, premature expression, without properly conceiving the reason why and measuring it against the risk or appropriateness to the situation. With impulsivity, the outcome is always undesired. In this scene, Annie is rash, clearly mentally unstable, unpredictable and hot-headed in the sense that Paul cannot convince her otherwise. People with BPD as shown by the behavior of Annie in this scene are quick to lash out on something they perceive to be a mistake and will not realize how this reaction is unreasonable or excessive. As a characteristic of BPD, Annie behavior is pervasive, injurious and interferes with her ability to function like a normal person.

References

TaraFyYou. (2013, October 16). Misery- Hobbling Scene [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pbfkNI2d_A

A Study on the Factors Affecting the Infant Feeding Practices of Mothers in San Antonio

Name:

Institution affiliation

Date:

Introduction

The melamine controversy that emitted amid the last quarter of year 2008 brought individuals’ consideration over to the open deliberations in the middle of breastfeeding and the utilization of breast milk substitutes like business baby recipe. This wasn’t the first occasion when that baby recipe had created sicknesses and even deaths to newborn children around the world – subsequently the nonstop crusade of World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF alongside other breastfeeding promoters, for mothers to breastfeed their youngsters in any event until 6 months of age.

Baby feeding practices allude for the most part to help the infant. An investigation of baby bolstering practices was completed on an example of 100 mother and newborn child sets. The results uncovered that just 20% of mothers in the study as of now only breastfeed their children. It additionally demonstrates that financial components like mother’s work status, conjugal status and instructive accomplishment had immediate bearing on these practices. Utilized mothers have a tendency to stop breastfeeding their infants and in the long run stop and simply turn to equation bolstering as they retreat to work. The study additionally demonstrated that mothers who are hitched and living with their accomplices are more inclined to breastfeed their newborn children than single parents. Those with higher instructive fulfillment resort more to recipe bolstering and blended sustaining than those with lower instructive achievement. Health awareness expert’s impact mothers the most with regards to newborn child nourishing choices.

MethodologyType of Research

The sort of research that will be utilized within this study is qualitative examination and quantitative exploration. Qualitative specialists plan to accumulate an inside and out understanding of human conduct and the reasons that represent such conduct. The order researches the “why” and “how” of choice making. Other than this, the scientist will likewise look at the wonder through perceptions in numerical representations and through factual examination. Alongside polls that will be offered out to respondents for the factual representation of the discoveries in the study, meetings with the respondents and a couple of specialists in this field will likewise be directed.

Sampling Method

The exploration examining system that will be utilized within this study is irregular testing to get a more exploratory come about that could be utilized to speak to the aggregate of the population. A rundown of all health awareness offices (maternity and lying-in facilities, open and private clinics, wellbeing focuses) was procured from the San Antonio Hall.

From 20 groups, three will be picked through random testing. The health awareness offices and foundations in these three barangays will then be the target wellsprings of respondents of the specialist. The social insurance offices and foundations will be reached to get a verbal agree to regulate the survey to mothers at their spots. A letter of assent will likewise be sent to them alongside an example duplicate of the poll that will be utilized, and also the convention of the specialist. A letter was likewise tended to the City Health Officer to get underwriting and agree to lead an exploration in chose barangays and appropriate polls to the mothers in the region.

Information accumulation was directed all through the facilities‟ and wellbeing centers‟ working hours from Mondays through Sundays so as to incorporate both working and non-meeting expectations mothers.

Respondents

The respondents in this examination will all be originating from one single area – San Antonio, particularly the arbitrarily chose barangays of Pamplona I, CAA/BF International and Pamplona III. The scientist picked San Antonio on account of the financial conditions display in the territory that is applicable to the study furthermore as it fits the period and assets of the specialist. The specialist will approach the arbitrarily examined respondents for agreeing and endorsement to answer the survey until the wanted number of respondents that is 100 is arrived at. The notion of masters will likewise be looked for in this exploration to give clarifications in regards to the respondents‟ baby nourishing practices and practices.

Questionnaire

The poll obliges data about the financial and demographic foundation of the mother. It additionally has inquiries identified with past baby sustaining practices and the conception of her most youthful newborn child furthermore in regards to the infant’s general wellbeing and age.

Explanations that are seen to be elements that impact mothers‟ newborn child is feeding choices were displayed. The depiction of the sort of baby recipe given by equation and blended bolstering mothers will likewise be asked in the material.

Conclusion

Larger part of the mother’s recipe sustain their tyke and just a minority only breastfeeds their youngsters, particularly according to the proposal of the World Health Organization. While dominant part of the mothers in this study demonstrated an inspirational disposition towards breastfeeding, the majority of them chose just to equation nourish because of the reasons of deficient drain supply and work.

In light of the aftereffects of the study, the instructive fulfillment, work status, conjugal status, and courses in the barangay the respondents are part of, about breastfeeding, are the noteworthy elements that influence the newborn child nourishing choice of mothers in San Antonio. Most of the mothers that served as respondents in this study fall under the age scope of 17-30 years of age. More than 50% of them were additionally school graduates while a noteworthy number are students and have just arrived at until secondary school. A large portion of the mothers is housewives and the others remaining have full-time occupations, low maintenance employments and independently employed. A couple of them are still understudies. While lion’s shares of them were hitched, a great deal were still in the status of live-in and were single. More than 50% of the mothers did not have past kids before the current one. Dominant parts of the respondents additionally have a yearly horrible family pay that does not surpass P50, 000.

Among the few data sources to be specific, media through TVs/radios and printed/distributed materials, the social help supportive network contained the mother’s family, companions and different relatives and wellbeing organizations, the mothers who give their children newborn child equation are affected the most by medicinal services establishments through wellbeing experts and other health awareness staff. They impact the mothers in choosing to nourish the child with recipe and in picking, too, which brand of equation is best for their children. Mothers believe their infant’s specialist due to their aptitude in the said field thus this sort of connection is attained.

Mothers were in general not worried about the conceivable reactions of breastfeeding as couples were just stressed as indicated in the information introduced. It can be reasoned that various inside and outside components impact a mother in settling on the newborn child sustaining choices, and a more prominent part of these is financial in nature.

References

Fallani, M., Amarri, S., Uusijarvi, A., Adam, R., Khanna, S., Aguilera, M., … & Edwards, C. A.(2011). Determinants of the human infant intestinal microbiota after the introduction offirst complementary foods in infant samples from five European centres. Microbiology,157(5), 1385-1392.

Maehr, J. C., Lizarraga, J. L., Wingard, D. L., & Felice, M. E. (1993). A comparative study ofadolescent and adult mothers who intend to breastfeed. Journal of adolescent health,14(6), 453-457.

Rempel, L. A. (2004). Factors influencing the breastfeeding decisions of long-term breastfeeders.Journal of Human Lactation, 20(3), 306-318.

Maintenance of a Ship’s Main Electricity Distribution at Sea

Ship Earth Fault Maintainance

A ship’s electrical distribution system serves to transmit electrical power to all the components that are connected to the ship. The main component of a ship’s electrical distribution system is the main switchboard which conveys power to the motor starter groups. Motor starter groups are part of the main board, the distribution boards and the section boards. High Voltage and Low Voltage are distribution sections of the system and are interconnected by transformers (Maes, 2004). Grounding is an electrical term used to define a reference point in the electrical circuits from which all voltages are measured. The earth point forms a solid connection to the earth and has no resistance to electric current due to its massive section and its mass. The earth normally forms the ground. However, because on boards a ship the earth is absent, the hull of the ship then becomes the reference point from which all voltages are measured and is the ship’s ground (Maes. 2004).

There are three types of an electrical fault that is experienced in a ship’s electrical distribution system. These include an earth fault, an open circuit fault and a short circuit fault. An earth fault is an electric fault that occurs when the insulation protecting a component is lost and therefore there is current that is allowed to flow to the earth potential. This is caused by either wear of the insulation or breakdown. Earth faults when not detected and corrected are likely to cause electrical shocks to personnel or fire to the ship. In order to mitigate the dangers that may arise due to the electric shock and fire cause by the earth fault, it is recommended that the metal parts that are part of the ship are earthed. This helps in preventing the ship from attaining high amounts of voltage with respect to the earth which is considered dangerous.

An open circuit is a type of electrical fault that is caused when the phase conductor is interrupted. The interruption can be wholly or even partial. An open circuit is normally caused by breaks present in the wire and also due to bad connections. The effects of this type of electrical fault vary depending on the type of type of interruption on the conductor. When the phase conductor is totally interrupted the open circuit can lead to ashes. When the phase conductor is interrupted the open circuit can lead to heat loss. Open circuits also lead to overload as they cause the three phase to now solely run on two phases.

There are three types of electrical faults that be experienced in general. An earth fault, an open circuit fault and a short circuit fault (Maes, 2004). An earth fault occurs when the insulation is lost and current flows to earth potential. It is normally caused by the insulation breaking down or being worn out or presence of a loose wire that acts as a live conductor to contacting the enclosed earthed metal. It causes fire or electric shock. Earthing of metal enclosure or metal parts that carry no currents is encouraged as a preventive measure. Open circuit results from total or partial interruption of a phase conductor. It is caused by bad connections or breaks present in the wire. It leads to flashes or high heat. Short circuits are caused by connections of two phase conductors. This can be due to loss of insulation, human error or presentation of a situation considered as abnormal. It causes release of a large current amount and this is often accompanied by explosions

A ship has an electrical distribution system that has a high voltage and low voltage component. The High Voltage component is 6.6kV and the low voltage component is 690V. The ship’s electrical distribution system has experience an electrical fault that is an earth fault. The earth fault is reported to be on the low voltage component. The main cause of the earth fault that is reported is investigated using the procedure outlined by Vance (2014) as illustrated below.

An electrical officer is on board a ship as they are qualified to handle the machinery and equipment that are present on board. The ship is designed to alert the electrical officer when there is a problem that has occurred in the ship that needs to be attended to. Such equipments include ammeters or alarms. When an earth fault occurs, there is an alarm that goes off to alert on this. Ground fault detection equipments and ground fault ammeters are also present in a ship and these help to detect the specific reason why the alarm went off. On checking the two and noting that it is due to a ground fault, necessary steps are then taken.

First, the common trip reset button is activated. The common trip button is located on the Low Voltage switchboard. The activation of the common trip button serves to have the system reset (Electrical O&M Manual). The alarm trip reset button also enables an individual to know how genuine is the fault that has caused the alarm to go off. Once the reset button has been activated it remains in a depressed position until the problem has been solved.

The general idea is to isolate the cause of the problem. The electrical officer therefore proceeds by first of all shutting down all the equipment and the solar panels individually only leaving the battery switch on. The positive battery cable is then disconnected and then the meter reading is set to DC and to read in volts. A meter reading between the cable and the battery terminal is taken and if the reading is 12 volts or if there is any reading at all then this authenticates the problem by indicating that there is actually a leak.

This is noted and therefore the electrical officer tests whether this leak is due to the battery. The battery switch is switched off and then the meter reading is checked. A meter reading present when battery is off is an indication that the leak is due to the battery. This requires the electrical officer to rewire and concurrently reroute everything when supporting the highest possibility. Having done this, the battery switch is then switched off when the meter is connected and then the meter is disconnected. The meter is checked to see if there is a reading. In this particular case, there was a reading and this led to the conclusion that the leak is due to the system and not the battery.

The electrical officer then switches the battery switch on again. At this stage when this is done, the meter is connected. The electrical officer studies the fuse as well as the breaker channel. The breakers are then closed and the fuses are pulled. The meter is checked for a reading. If there is no reading then the fuse after therefore breakers are closed then this implies that this was the cause of the fault. However, in this case a reading still was on the meter and therefore the breakers or the system panel was the cause of the leak.

The electrical officer then sets the meter to read in ohms. Then electrical officer removes the breaker, one after the other while testing across each breaker’s terminal. Having the breaker off should note and infinite reading on the meter and this would mean that the leak is on the breaker. The electrical officer on this ship still noted a reading and this could only mean that it is the system panel that was the cause on this.

Therefore, the electrical officer has to identify which machinery has the leak attributed to it. This can be easily done by isolating each machinery and checking if there is still a leak. However, this method isn’t practically as a ship is underway. Isolation might prove to be dangerous especially when one is required to isolate critical component like a steering gear (Balasubramanian, 2011). It is however easy to conduct a changeover and have the running machinery be replaced with the stand by machinery. After the electrical officer did this for this ship, he checked the earth fault indicator and noted the cause of the leak to be a contactor 6Q15 which is a steering gear point. Indeed isolation of each component would have proved to be dangerous in this case.

With the cause of the setting off of the alarm detected, the common trip reset button is then simply released by twisting and unlocking the head (Electrical O&M Manual)

Safety Checks Procedures and Permits to Work

There are a lot of precautions that are to be taken when on board a ship. These are referred to as safety checks. These precautions are set out in order to reduce the accidents that can occur due to carelessness or mistakes as the results will be fatal. The safety checks procedures are outlined as follows (Electrical O&M Manual).

There is limited access allowed to the switch room. This is because there is a lot of different technical equipment that require technical personnel with the know how to handle it. In case of a fault, the critical equipment should not be removed as this may be hazardous to the ship. Simply a changeover from the running machinery to the stand by machinery is carried out. However, when machinery is broken down and the ship is not underway, the machinery should be isolated and replaced. It is compulsory to have a backup power system which is the secondary power system. This ensures that incase of failure on the main power system the normal operations still carry on. All the switches and circuits require to be switched off when necessary.

There are other bits that are still part of safety checks procedures. These include ensuring all doors are firmly shut and secured. Observing cleanliness of the switch room as well as the plant areas. Ensuring there are no obstructions or equipments loosely lying around in the switch rooms and the plant area and also keeping tools and equipment away and in a safe area.

A permit to work is a written document that is required before any maintainance work is carried out in a ship. The maintainance work is specifically after an assessment has been done and it has been noted that it is not possible to follow the normal safe practices. It specifies the extent of work to be done, the timescale and the precautions to be taken.

Maintanance Procedures

A ship has maintainace work now and then. Maintainace can be preventive, condition-based or break down (Munir, 2006).. Preventive is scheduled by the manufacturer. Tests are done to check on the normal working conditions of the machinery. They include Tests of Time between overhauls, tests on centrifugal filter cleaning, test on cylinder overhaul and big end bearing inspection. Lifting tools are necessary for dismantling. Condition-based maintainace consists of inspections and include tests such as visual, vibration, pressure, temperature, load, electrical and water tightness (GMM, 2001). Calibration and measuring equipment is used. Break down maintainance is carried out in the case of a breakdown and tests and equipment are based on the nature of the breakdown. Before maintainance the circuit switch should be off and crank doors sealed shut. After maintainance, it is necessary to check on the LV and HV systems. Check for anomalies in the connections, temperature changes, meter reading and earth fault relay.

The fault that occurred in the ship was an earth fault and if not checked could lead to an electric shock or a fire.

References

Maes, M. (2014). Marine Electrical Knowledge. Web. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://optiloadingsvn.hzs.be/willem/assorted/marine_electrical_knowledge.pdf” http://optiloadingsvn.hzs.be/willem/assorted/marine_electrical_knowledge.pdf

DC Marine (2000). Technical Notes of Interest to Marine Engineers: Ship’s Electrical system Described. HYPERLINK “http://www.dieselduck.ca/machine/03%20electricity/electrical_sys.html” http://www.dieselduck.ca/machine/03%20electricity/electrical_sys.html

IACS (2001). A Guide to Managing Maintainance. Recommendation 74. HYPERLINK “http://www.uhfg.se/pdf/Artikelarkiv/Rec74.pdf” http://www.uhfg.se/pdf/Artikelarkiv/Rec74.pdf

Munir, A. (2006). Ship Machinery Maintainance. Lecture on 28th November 2006. Web, HYPERLINK “https://www.google.com/search?q=Ship+Machinery+Maintaincanc+e+Munir+Asif&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&channel=sb” https://www.google.com/search?q=Ship+Machinery+Maintaincanc+e+Munir+Asif&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&channel=sb

Electrical Operation & Maintanance Manual. Revision 2.0. HYPERLINK “https://www.google.com/search?q=Ship+Machinery+Maintaincanc+e+Munir+Asif&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&channel=sb#” https://www.google.com/search?q=Ship+Machinery+Maintaincanc+e+Munir+Asif&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&channel=sb#

Balasubramanian, S. (2011). How to Find an Earth Fault on Board Ships. HYPERLINK “http://www.marineinsight.com/tech/marine-electrical/how-to-find-an-earth-fault-on-board-ships/” http://www.marineinsight.com/tech/marine-electrical/how-to-find-an-earth-fault-on-board-ships/

HYPERLINK “https://www.google.com/search?q=Detecting+an+earth+fault+in+a+ship&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&channel=sb#” https://www.google.com/search?q=Detecting+an+earth+fault+in+a+ship&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&channel=sb#

Bender, (2012). Ground Fault Protection Ships and Offshore Platforms. HYPERLINK “http://www.bender.org/documents/NAE1111780_brochure_ship-offshore.pdf” http://www.bender.org/documents/NAE1111780_brochure_ship-offshore.pdf

HYPERLINK “https://www.google.com/search?q=Ship+Machinery+Maintaincanc+e+Munir+Asif&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&channel=sb#” https://www.google.com/search?q=Ship+Machinery+Maintaincanc+e+Munir+Asif&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&channel=sb#

Metaphoric Rock and Regional Metaphorism

In Geology, metaphoric rock is a rock that was another type before it was changed while on earth thus becoming a new type of rock. Protolith is the term used to describe the type of rock the metaphoric rock used to be before metaphorism took place. The process of metaphorism involves the mineral context as well as the texture of the protolith changing because of chemical as well as physical factors associated with the environment. There are several cases as to why metaphorism occur and they include tectonic stress, heating by magma, burial or even the alteration by fluids. When the metaphorism continues to an advanced stage, the metaphoric rock is likely to develop different set of minerals and the texture also may change entirely that it may be difficult to realize what the protolith was. There are two main form of metaphorism regional and contact metaphorsim as will be discussed in this essay

Grade of Metaphorism

I will be looking at the grades of metaphorism that exist and factors that affect them. When the pressure and/or temperature increases in the body of a rock, the rock undergoes a process referred to as the prograde metaphorism, in other words the grade of metaphorism also increases. Metaphoric grade is a term that is often used in the description of relative pressure as well as temperature where metaphoric rocks begin to form. My graph will include a graph that portrays Temperature against pressure. The P-T paths shows relationship of metaphorism through pressure, temperature and time.

Figure SEQ Figure * ARABIC 1Pressure-time path

Figure SEQ Figure * ARABIC 2: Graph Showing relationship between temperature, pressure and metaphorism

Reference

White, C. E., & Barr, S. M. (2012) Meguma Terrane Revisted: Stratigraphy, Metamorphism, Paleontology and Provenance. Geoscience Canada 39(1).

Communication Disorder

Student Name

Introduction

Evidence-based practice in an approach that is interdisciplinary to clinical practice that started gaining grounds following the time it was introduced in 1992. It is usually defined in three principles that are considered to be very basic.

The evidence that is the best bearing on whether why a treatment can work. The expertise of the clinic to identify each of the unique heath state and diagnosis of the patients, their personal risks and the benefits of potential interventions then finally the values and preference of the patient(Bauer 2007).

It entails the making of decisions about how to go about in promoting the necessary health care and by forming an integration between the best available evidence with the practitioner expertise and the resources that are readily available.

And with those characteristics needs state values and other preferences of type people whom will intern be affected. It is usually done in a manner that is compatible with the environmental and organizational context. The evidence can be referred to as the as the research finding that is derived from the systematic collection of the data through the use of observation and other experiment and the final formulation of questions and the testing of different hypothesis.

The practice-based evidence is a kind of approach to treatment and supports approaches that are derived from and the supportive of the cultural attributes and the traditions and the local society. These cultural attributes must be positive. It is usually effected by people such as the local community through the censors of the community and addresses the therapeutic and healing needs of the families and individuals a framework that is cultural and specific (Brendro and Mitchelle 2011).

The practitioners usually draw the upon the knowledge of the culture and tradition of the treatment that are very respect full and responsive to the definition of the of the dysfunction and wellness.

Methodological challenges that are unique to psychological research investigating effective treatments for psychological disorders.

There are several methodological issues that are usually associated with the research that is psychologically based and is investigating the treatment that is effective for the various psychological disorders. The methods are usually expensive and at times involve a lot of time and money that is used in the identification and treatment of one particular individual.

The individuals usually at some point have different needs that each needs to be handled. The other issue that is of much importance here refers to the relative applicability of the concepts of the methods that are used to treat the diseases. The methods are not universally applied. It is so because different patients have different needs that need to look into in its way using different criteria.

The methodology also has the challenge of acceptability since some people with psychological disorders do not readily accept to be applied for some methods that are used in the treatment of such conditions that make it a big problem in the general application.

Treatment modality associated with a disorder in the DSM-5 and present at least one

The example of treatment modality that is associated will be discussed is associated with the communication disorder that (Psychology today n.d) . Its diagnosis involves the some people being put on PDD-NOS under the MSM –IV.

Those people with such kinds of disorders are usually having the deficit of in the use of the social communication cues such as the non-verbal and the verbal cues that are usually used in communication. Some of them, however, do not replicate the pattern of behavior and the fixated interest that is required for the ASD (Dozois 2013).

The findings of the research.

The research had it that some of the patients with that kind of the disorder do not necessarily display it frequently. The always at one point in their life tend to focus much on reducing their communication for fear of the negative reprimands that they may get. The treatment, however, must be concerned with looking into the various approaches that can be used in its maintenance because the individual must a consistently be made to practice the use of speech something that is consistently referred to as the speech therapy. They treatment also must focus on using models that help them in the utilization of various nonverbal communication techniques.

The evidence model dictates that the practitioner must use the unique characteristics to find the best diagnosis for the treatment at hand. In this case, the medical practitioner will look into the patients to identify the various disorders as they display them. In the normal setting then come up with a framework of well-documented behavior pattern that need to be looked into the model works in that it will give the evidence that is required for effective treatment to be attained (Medipline Plus n.d).

After getting the evidence, the necessary process of diagnosis follows with the an attempt to administer the correct treatment in a procedural manner.

In the practice based evidence, the medical practitioner will rely on the experience they have regarding that condition and providing the necessary diagnosis of the speech disorder as they rely on the pre-informed knowledge of how they had handled a previous case.

To conclude, it is clear that the two different methods usually contribute much to the treatment of the psychological disorders that affect patients. The most recommendable method in my opinion is the evidence-based model since it involves signaling one a specific case that requires treatment and giving it that necessary approach with some modifications which is on the contrary with the other method that requires a practitioner to use that information that they have to the diagnosis of another patient. Each patient usually has their different individual needs.

Reference

Bauer, R.M. (2007). Evidence-based practice in psychology: Implications for research and research training. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(7), 685–694. Retrieved from the EBSCOhost database.

Brendtro, L.K., Mitchell, M.L., & Doncaster, J. (2011). Practice-based evidence: Back to the future . Reclaiming Children and Youth, 19(4), 5-7. Retrieved from the ProQuest database.

Dozois, D.J.A. (2013). Psychological treatments: Putting evidence into practice and practice into evidence. Canadian Psychology, 54(1), 1-11. Retrieved from the ProQuest database.

Psychology today(n.d) Educational disorder Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/conditions/communication-disordersMediline Plus (n.d) speech communication disorder retrieved from https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html