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Made In Dagenham (2010)

Contents

TOC o “1-3” h z u HYPERLINK l “_Toc377628644” Background Information PAGEREF _Toc377628644 h 1

HYPERLINK l “_Toc377628645” Industrial Relations Setting of the Film- Made in Dagenham PAGEREF _Toc377628645 h 3

HYPERLINK l “_Toc377628646” Strike in Shaping Employment Relations PAGEREF _Toc377628646 h 4

HYPERLINK l “_Toc377628647” Roles of Workers and Employees in an Industrial Strike PAGEREF _Toc377628647 h 5

HYPERLINK l “_Toc377628648” Strike Transformations PAGEREF _Toc377628648 h 6

HYPERLINK l “_Toc377628649” Changes Achieved from the Strike PAGEREF _Toc377628649 h 7

HYPERLINK l “_Toc377628650” Unions in Employment the Conflict PAGEREF _Toc377628650 h 8

HYPERLINK l “_Toc377628651” Role of the Management PAGEREF _Toc377628651 h 9

HYPERLINK l “_Toc377628652” Revelations from Strike PAGEREF _Toc377628652 h 9

HYPERLINK l “_Toc377628653” Bibliography PAGEREF _Toc377628653 h 10

Background InformationThe 20th century witnessed a series of industrial conflicts involving the employees and the employers at an unprecedented rate never witnessed before. Strikingly, many socioeconomic and political changes were being experienced across the globe causing a shift in industrial relations. Workers were becoming instrumental in the manner in which their welfare issues were handled by the state and the employers. Industrial conflicts witnessed in the 20th century became a global phenomenon particularly due to the advocacy and bargaining power that were shifting from the management’s discretion to a collective decision across the workers (Shalev, 1983, p417). Due to the several changes that the rest of the society was experiencing in terms of social setting, nearly every sector of the advancing civilization had to take effect especially in relation to welfare.

Strikes at the workplace became an important determinant factor for the employment relationship cultivated inside every organization as the social changes infiltrated into the workplace. In the mid-1990s, it is reported that industrial strikes were many but due to the acclimatization achieved towards the turn of the millennium, relations eased up and fewer employment conflicts were reported (Piazza, 2005, p289). The union revolution had been identified as an invaluable vehicle on which to incessantly press for the acknowledgment of the plight of the ordinary employee against the backdrop of a poor welfare environment. In this discourse, the employment environment necessitating industrial action and strikes is discussed with the help of a film capturing the relational conflicts.

Industrial Relations Setting of the Film- Made in DagenhamThe media and entertainment industry best capture the prevailing events in the society in a direct or indirect way, making an important literature from where the existing times and society can be analyzed pretty accurately. Using the illustration of the film Made in Dagenham- 2010, it is possible to illuminate on the social events prevailing in 1968 and make inferences on the nature of the society setting such as industrial relations. As mentioned above, there was a wave of industrial conflict inspired by the prevailing social transformations which persisted beyond the 1960s. The film is based on the story of a woman in the UK working for Ford which is by far one of the largest private firms with several employees. Based on the fact that the UK was establishing itself as a welfare state to take care of many challenges facing the marginalized at that period of time, it can be expected that the ordinary worker was among those fighting for their plight. It emerges that women, whose employment relations’ fate was determined by their gender status are struggling with the terms of employment at Ford. Women treatment in an unfair working environment is fought against by the employees within the inspiration of the workers’ union, as led by Rita with the help of a steward. Unsupported working environment is depicted by a poor work-life balance where a harsh schooling environment for Rita’s son coupled with an indolent and insensitive husband complete the difficulty in her work-related duties.

It vividly emerges that the motivation she ought to get from her work in order to facilitate her coping with the challenge must be beyond work-life balance. A combination of negative conditions at the work place depicts the difficulty with which Rita and her colleagues must be working in including leaking roofs, extremely hot rooms and poor remuneration terms. Within the backdrop of union representation for a bargaining slot by the ordinary employee, it merges that the hypocritical outfit is corrupt and does not represent the will of the oppressed workers. Rita sparks off a strike at the factory which corresponds with the main national news with discussions in parliament focused on improving industrial relations. Women are clearly discriminated by the retrogressive relations where they are paid less than their male counterparts despite their hard work. Equality and improved working conditions are the main themes of the strike that attracts the attention of Ford headquarters in the US. Foiled investment relations between the US and the UK for failure to strike a working environment reflecting equality for the two genders emerge, eventually ending in a ceasefire among the parties. Women finally manage to get 92 percent of remuneration offered to their male counterparts and commitment for better industrial relations laws assured from the parliament (Enfant, 2010).

Strike in Shaping Employment RelationsPerhaps one of the most definitive attributes of strikes in the industrial setting as observed in the film is their amorphous nature and haphazard organization particularly at the time of unexpected industrial conflict (Jackson 1991, p163). As illustrated by the author, employees are forced to resort to desperate platforms that can assist them to forge a local bargaining with the management in the standoff. Apparently, despite the realization that the women at Ford were being subjected to harsh and inhumane working environment, the union leaders were not willing to assist them come out of the oppression as is its duty. Contrary to this, the union leaders are bribed to keep silent about their role to represent such displeasures. It is upon this realization that the women regroup and find out that they were facing a tough challenge in form of the management and the union in silencing them. Fighting for the rights in a collective bargaining effort only arises due to the compelling factors of the environment resulting in a standoff.

At the time of the strike, employees are left with few options regarding their job safety and better working conditions. It is apparent that the role of the collective bargaining that the parties assume during the standoff is powerful enough to call for a compromise between the parties, with employee satisfaction being central to the negotiations. It would be difficult for the management to shrug off the role of the available human resource pool to the productivity of the organization. It therefore implies that a strike or a threat of a strike is powerful enough to result to a platform of negotiations between the management and the employees. Functional union representation is important during such negotiations since labor laws facilitate the protection of employees from intimidation by the management in case the standoff is not welcome from the management’s perspective. Industrial relations are therefore highly influenced by the presence of an avenue of strikes as illustrated in the film. If Rita and her colleagues did not have the benefit of a strike at Ford, it would have been difficult to counter the stumbling blocks to better industrial relations posing in the form of a corrupt union leadership and an oppressive management. Despite the fact that the UK was undergoing many social changes such the welfare state realignment, it was still difficult to negotiate against men in a patriarchal society witnessing many gender based injustices (Hewitt and Powell, 2002, p121).

Roles of Workers and Employees in an Industrial StrikeIn a functional working environment, employees are bound by rules and regulations of the workplace as formulated by the employer. An assumption exists that the employer is the superior of the two and any discontent, if any, should be settled with the employer in a request format. Generally, the employee assumes an inferior role in the relationship, where risks of abuse of the relationship expose the employee as a victim in many instances. Aggravated scenes of discontent among employees coupled with rigid and insensitive management or employer force the employee to turn to unorthodox approach in clearing any standoff. Instead of employees conforming to the usual expectation as per the employer-employee hierarchical relationship, it becomes difficult and a spirit of discord exists. Foiled relationships do not entertain the conventional hierarchical relationship where the employee is supposed to follow every order from the employer. According to Brecher (1997, p275), the state of diligent conformity with the expectation of the hierarchical relationship is disrupted as the employee assumes the role of advocate for self-interests that face serious abuse by the employer. In such a situation, the employee is forced to resort to direct confrontation of barriers to satisfaction of labor motivation thereby creating a discord and disequilibrium to the power balance between employer and employee until the resolution of the standoff. Regrouping of the employees in protest of the terms of engagement with the employer is a powerful weapon of the negotiation game where employees force the shift of power from the employer.

Strike TransformationsThe film’s strike provides a classical example of the employee empowerment through the shift of roles of the employee as Brecher (1997, p275) reckons. Evidently, the roles of the employee in an employment relationship are conventionally to follow the organizational work plan and deliver results. Questioning the employer’s authority in this context can be painted as a negative approach that can ruin the relationship. The employer’s authority and duties in the employment agreement are however brought to sudden review and immediate improvement favoring the employee demanded in the context of a strike. A mass strike puts the authority of the employer or management in a frozen state until the window of negotiations for better working relations is utilized to resolve the standoff. Transformations since the evolution of strikes as a form of resolving heightened industrial standoff have facilitated a radical platform on which oppressed workers can rise against unfavorable employment terms and relations. Since the union revolution, employees have a strong collective bargaining platform that invokes the unstoppable force of a strike to resolve employment relations matters placing them in a disadvantageous position. Unions enable workers to form a united front against intimidation from the employers’ powerful status in the industrial relationships (Hogler, 2004, p68).

Strikes and go-slows represent some of the commonest industrial action tools where employers are forced to consider employment policy affecting and damaging the industrial relationship, which transforms the conventional hierarchical relationship where the employer would assume absolute say in the relationship including oppressing the employer (Boyer, 2001, para.11). In terms of actual transformations, strikes within the backdrop of workers’ unions have been instrumental in enforcing employees’ welfare into the industrial sector to keep up with the pace of social developments witnessed in the recent past. Employees can now forge a common ground and enforce a collective bargain that corresponds with the developments in the other socioeconomic and political scenes of the society. At the end of the strike in the film, several changes including equitable remuneration without gender bias as well as assurances of legal reforms in related industrial relations are achieved.

Changes Achieved from the StrikeIn view of the power of strikes as reform tools in the industrial relations issues, strikes can be seen as irreplaceable and necessary evils due to the employees’ welfare benefits obtained to outdo the economic damages sustained upon their occurrence. As illustrated in the film, it was initially difficult for the female employees to forward a substantive grievance to change their plight without a potent threat. It is only after the strike that several undisclosed suffering experiences by the female employees of the recorded date are brought to light. It would perhaps have never been resolved at the highest official level of Ford management had the women not relentlessly come forward. Gender topics in the industrial circles are clearly not successful stories in the news of the setting but the strike shaking one of the major employers in the entire UK manifests the strength of the strike as an important industrial tool. The media is clearly affected by virtue of having covered other industrial conflicts but ignored the gender topic for having a poor encounter. The film highlights the manner in which the legislature is brought to accountability over the lack of gender balance laws and regulations. A commitment by the government to respond by way of legislation to curb the injustices is a manifestation of the impact made by the strike to issues of legal provocation. In a similar magnitude, international relations are captured in the way that Ford headquarters threatens the UK government to provide an enabling environment or force them to relocate. Perhaps international trade issues also emerge in the picture when these two countries cross with differences over the handling of the strike matter.

Unions in Employment the ConflictWorkers’ unions are ostensibly supposed to quell the standoff by taking a protectionist policy in favor of the plight of the employee. Unions provide the platform from which a collective bargain is forged and facilitated through leadership that is in touch with the issues at hand. However, the film depicts the workers’ union as a manipulation platform where corrupt leaders are bribed to silence the role of the employees in the new context of a powerful collective bargaining environment. Despite the fact that the union has a structure at the factory, it is virtually out of touch with the needs of the female employee. This contrast is illuminated on at the meeting where Rita represents the women and passionately presents their grievances.

Role of the Management

The management aims at increasing profitability of the organization by reducing costs and increasing revenues, which may always conflict with employee welfare issues. In the film, the Ford management notoriously gets carried away in making profits and ignores the female employee who employs industrial relations tool at her disposal to overturn the balance of power. The management is depicted throughout the film as a major stumbling block to better industrial relations and the deliberate moves to cut on costs by whichever means lands entire operations into a major challenge. The management is depicted as the main cause of industrial conflicts and the standoff is dependent on the willingness of the management to negotiate with the employee and undertake to compromise on certain welfare decision. The film therefore presents the management as an important determinant in industrial conflicts, particularly regarding their initial origin as the creation of the managements’ insensitivity to the welfare of the employee.

Revelations from StrikeMade in Dagenham is a perfect example of the role of the management and the employer in shaping the nature of industrial relations in the modern welfare environment. In terms of social developments achieved over time, it is expected that the employment environment to which employees are exposed corresponds to the expectations of the society. Employees have a responsibility to shape the future of industrial relations by making contributions that can motivate responsive welfare policy implementation at the industrial and national level. Strikes are powerful mechanisms for use at the workplace to compel insensitive management to respond to employees’ needs. Employees must be vigilant to check their union representatives and leaders for accountability as they may pose as a bigger threat to welfare than the management. It is advisable for every employee to assume a proactive role in fighting for the plight of the employees in case the management is unresponsive to their requests. Industrial relations are many depending on the nature of the society in which the standoff exists, which requires a closer determination from one case to the other.

BibliographyBoyer, P. S. (2001) Strikes and industrial conflict. [Online] Available from: <http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O119-StrikesandIndustrilCnflct.html> [Accessed 14 December 2011]

Brecher, J. (1997) Strike. Cambridge, MA: South End Press Classics

Ebert, R. (2011) Roger Ebert’s movie yearbook 2012. Kansas City, MO: Andrews McMeel Publishing

Ellis, D. (2011) Conversations with cinematographers. Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press

Enfant, T. (2010) Synopsis for Made in Dagenham, [Online] Available from: <http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1371155/synopsis> [Accessed 14 December 2011]

Hewitt, M. & Powell, M. (2002) Welfare state and welfare change, Buckingham, UK: Open University Press

Hogler, R. L. (2004) Employment relations in the United States: law, policy, and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE

Jackson, M P. (1991) An introduction to industrial relations. London, UK: Routledge

Piazza, J. A. (2005) Globalizing Quiescence: Globalization, Union Density and Strikes in 15 Industrialized Countries, Economic and Industrial Democracy, vol. 26 no. 2 pp.289-314

Shalev, M. (1983) Strikes and the Crisis: Industrial Conflict and Unemployment in the Western Nations, Economic and Industrial Democracy vol. 4 no. 4 pp.417–460

BOOK CRITIQUE OF

CHRISTIANITY’S DANGEROUS IDEA BY ALISTER MCGRATH

NAME:

DATE:

UNIVERSITY:

Introduction

Alister McGrath aims to provide a succinct explanation and clarification of Protestantism in his essay Christianity’s Dangerous Idea. The document, which details the Protestant Reformation from its beginnings to its effect on contemporary society, reflects McGrath’s critical approach. I instantly grasped the author’s purpose and significance when I first started reading the book. He writes in the article that “the dangerous new notion, firmly rooted in the Protestant movement, is that all Christians have the right to interpret the Bible for themselves.” The author of the novel uses a concise style to separate the Reformation into three distinct sections. McGrath is regarded as one of the leading apologists, according to his biography, but he was previously an atheist. McGrath provides a thorough and insightful overview of Protestantism’s evolution, as well as the trends and issues that have arisen as a result of this theory. From the sixteenth to the twenty-first centuries, the scholars explore their interpretation of Protestant Reformation theory. It will discuss the benefits as well as the drawbacks.

Description of the problem

The book is divided into three parts, similar to Julius Caesar’s Gaul in that it covers Protestantism’s past, unity, and transformation. During his first significant period of development, McGrath starts the book by exploring the origins of Protestantism and the social history of religion. 4 In the first part of the book, McGrath discusses the political, social, and theological background of Luther’s Reformation, which took place between 1513 and 1516. Luther’s fight for the truth behind the biblical doctrine of salvation found in God’s Word is highlighted in his reformation analysis. His work covers a large portion of Luther’s justification by faith doctrine and the idea of man’s relationship with God. 6 The first segment provides an overview of the various reformers, with Luther and Calvin receiving special attention. The beliefs and doctrines of various denominations that form the basis of the Protestant Reformation, known as the Sola Scripta, which means “alone by Scripture” in Latin, are discussed in the following section.

This segment also discusses a Christian’s relationship with God’s word. McGrath begins by establishing the doctrine of “faith alone,” also known as sola Fide. The final segment, titled “Transformation,” emphasizes Protestantism’s success in the southern hemisphere, particularly the Pentecostal movement’s development. McGrath wraps up this part of the text by assessing Protestantism’s current state and forecasting its potential. The following section deals with principles and doctrines in the different sects, forming the Protestant Reformation’s backbone, known as “sola Scriptura,” which means in Latin “by scripture alone.” This segment also discusses the relationship between a Christian and God’s word. McGrath begins by describing the doctrine of “faith alone,” also known as the Sola Fide. The final portion, titled “Transformation,” emphasizes Protestantism’s success in the southern hemisphere and the escalation of the Pentecostal movement in particular. McGrath ends this part of the text by examining the current situation and specifying the future state of Protestantism.

Analysis and discussion

McGrath describes the structure of the book and explains why he decided to write The Dangerous Idea of Christianity in the first place. For starters, he wanted to refute arguments that theological and political aspects of Protestantism’s spread are more important than social and economic ones. 10 The second possibility is that the Catholic Reformation was a pre-existing development rather than a reaction to Protestantism. According to McGrath, there can be no conflagration between the Protestant movement and the Reformation since the Reformation began with the Protestant movement. “The wave of motions,” as McGrath put it, is what it is. 11 Fourth, they should be known since they are not illustrated, according to John Calvin and other Protestant figures. McGrath says that, because of the Protestant movement’s flexible concept, he believes that further research is required to keep the movement’s educational studies going.He starts by responding to the age-old question, “Who has the authority to justify faith?”( McGrath Alister).

According to McGrath, Luther’s inability to de-energize the Protestant cause was illustrated during the Peasant War in 1525. The book’s reminder section highlights essential incidents during the creation and evolution of the movement. “It turns out that Protestantism is more like a microorganism in that it can quickly change and adapt in response to changing circumstances while maintaining continuity with its previous types,” writes McGrath. 15 McGrath’s book is structured in a way that is influenced by his background and ancestors. He has amassed a significant body of work in the Protestant movement that is impressive, understandable, and easy to follow. McGrath used to be an atheist, and as previously mentioned in the post, he now defends his convictions alongside prominent atheist teachers in the region. He grasped the Protestant Reformation’s effect on the Western world from a theoretical perspective because of his experience in natural science and genetics.

The Reformation to the Present Day by Justo L. Gonazlez has been compared to McGrath’s book. Upon closer examination, both books contain large amounts of religious history. The text and the accompanying books are incredibly detailed, well-written, and simple to comprehend. Gonzalez’s book encompasses Christianity’s entirety, while McGrath’s book focuses only on the Protestant movement. McGrath understands how important it is for evangelicals in the United States to regain political influence to shift the country’s pervasive anti-religious sentiment.

Many evangelicals have isolated themselves from culture, politics, and the rest of the world, resulting in the rise of a slew of problems that do not exist in society, such as homosexuality and same-sex marriages (McGrath, 2014). If religious leaders were frank about these phenomena’ nature, we would not be seeing such a flurry of them in our society. According to McGrath, the Protestant movement will continue to be shaped by cultural factors. He suggests that the new American society’s use of denominations has the potential to undermine the Protestant movement.

Conclusion

The Protestant Reformation had a significant impact on the rest of the world. The Pentecostal movement has a long and illustrious history that dates back to Martin Luther’s dream of spreading the Gospel to all nations and expanding the Pentecostal movement. McGrath expertly and deftly guides the reader through the history of the Protestant movement. McGrath’s writings were tinged with Calvinist overtones and a zealous Anglican perspective. As the reader progresses through the text, it becomes clear that the information provided results from extensive study and knowledge of the topic. As the Protestant movement evolves, the reader contends that McGrath’s opinion is that the Protestant Movement’s historically unrivaled ability to control cultures, economies, and politics has profoundly changed. Social issues such as biology, atheism, and homosexuality no longer affect them. These issues often afflict Protestant culture, making it a potentially dangerous idea.

References

McGrath Alister, E. (2007). Christianity’s Dangerous Idea. The Protestant Revolution. A History from the Sixteenth Century to the Twenty-First, New York, HarperOne.

McGrath, Alister. 2014. Accessed September 25, 2014. Available from: http://www.rzim.eu/biography-alister-mcgrath.

A Shoe and a Personality

Although it may look weird for a person to attach feelings and ascriptions to material things, it is no doubt that the same things define our identities and personalities. The shoes we wear, the clothes we own, and the suits we ‘rock’ when going to official functions, among other things, hold a special place in our hearts. Every material possession defines us and if not so, shows the beliefs or perspectives that we hold in this dear life. I hold much relevance and respect to the shoes I own and one in particular is this black leather shoe I have had since my GAP year. Transitioning into the real-world and corporate world taught me the essence of self-presentation and how the image we form and create around others define the life we live, include opportunities therein. This is a shoe I have had since 2015 and only put on during special occasions. It represents everything about me; my personality, seriousness, meticulous, organization, sharpness, courage, composure, and confidence. All these personal attributes are centered on material possession, a shoe as an object that I hold with high regard. In so doing, it has defined by personality and a career path or yearning of a determined person who can lead others and create a good image for my corporation. I am that courageous, bold, confident, sharp, comfortable, and a serious individual just like my shoe.

I reminisce a lot about the first time I had this shoe while going for a GAP placement. This was a gift from my father who at the time, always complained about my casual look and lack of what he called ‘professional image’. At that time, I had no idea what he meant by ‘professional image’. My first day at work was the turning point because unlike other newcomers, the supervisor held me with high regard, was amazed and proud of my official presentation. Unknown to me, this was all about the shoes, how they appeared comfort, painted an image of a serious, professional, courageous, organized, and meticulous personality. It came to pass but with time, I realized that how it had turned out to be my habit of being presentation, wearing a professional look, looking calm, composed, and serious just like my shoe. Whenever I think of looking presentation, I start with my shoes since they will give me that confidence and composure to think myself so.

My aim is not to bore you with how nice or appealing my ‘shoe game is’, but rather, use this as an illustration of how this has shaped me, including career goals. I have realized that I like creating an impression, showing courage, determination, composure, and confidence. All of these attributes are of a leader. I like to lead, set an example, be that role model, inspire people, sow determination in everything I do, and be calm when facing uncertain situations. I use this shoe story to explain a personality of an individual, whose career ascription is about being a leader someday, mentoring others, supporting people’s goals, motivating and inspiring them to pursue both career and professional goals. In conclusion, I believe that image is everything because we live in a business world. We should create the best image through our material possessions and look presentable. This is preparing us for the real-world context of becoming the future world leaders, business leaders, community leaders, national leaders, and role models in society. Yet, all begins with self-representation. You become the image you create through what you wear. This is why my shoe is ever my inspiration to be a composed, confident, courageous, presentation, professional, and an admirable person.

Book Critique: The Mind of Thomas Jefferson.

Jada Franklin

University affiliation

Lane Nevils

American History

4/25/2022

Introduction

Mr. Thomas Jefferson served as the third president of the United States and is regarded to be one of the country’s Founding Fathers. He was born in Virginia in 1743 and died in Virginia in 1826. He was the driving force behind the establishment of the University of Virginia, and he was a well-known polyglot who excelled in a variety of fields, including horticulture, architecture, politics, archeology, paleontology, music, invention, and serving as the university’s first president, among others. He had an infinite supply of energy and had not wasted a single second of his 83 years on this earth, which was a record for him. ‘The Mind of Thomas Jefferson,’ written by Peter Onuf, is a series of articles in which he attempts to undermine the president’s moral character. In his book The Mind of Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson Foundation Professor of History Peter Onuf claims unambiguously that the former president of the United States was a man of questionable character due to his many contradictions, which he attributes to his own personal beliefs. (Onuf & Ebrary, 2007)

Several "contradictions" were noted by Peter Onuf, a former Thomas Jefferson Foundation Professor of History, who says in his book The Mind of Thomas Jefferson that Jefferson was a man of doubtful character as a result of his multiple "contradictions." As a result of his multiple "contradictions," Onuf says that Jefferson was a man of doubtful character. However, a close reading of Onuf’s writings leads to a dead end for Jeffersonian scholars. As described in his works, Jefferson was an enigma, and his writings show him as an indescribably complicated guy about whom scholars know nothing. Even in the face of this, the public’s need for Jefferson-related literature motivates historians to write on the historical figure. As a consequence, it seems that everything is acceptable, or at least virtually permissible. To paraphrase Onuf, the single most important principle for the best research is that writers should seek to create "potential Jeffersons" in their works—Jeffersons who are human rather than superhuman—in order to achieve excellence.

It is not always obvious what Onuf is saying, and he speaks in vague and confusing terms. He nonetheless manages to give some intriguing insights into Jefferson’s intellectual life, despite his limitations. He believes that the less well-known, private Jefferson – the Jefferson whom few people were familiar with – holds the key to comprehending all of the quirks and contradictions of the guy who was the subject of his investigation. (Onuf & Ebrary, 2007) As part of his expertly woven alternative interpretation of Jefferson (perhaps the most iconic of American icons), "Onuf places him in his proper historical context while simultaneously creating a modern, contemporary framework within which to understand and interpret Jefferson’s complicated legacy. Onuf’s Jefferson is perhaps the most iconic of American icons."

In The Mind of Thomas Jefferson, Jefferson and his time as President of the United States of America are shown as a whole, as is Jefferson’s personal life. Currently available information backdrops, which are regularly employed to evaluate Jefferson’s mental and moral downfall circumstances, are being used to dismantle the notion that Jefferson is an opacity in his human being. When Jefferson had a vision of an uncertain future, Onuf devised a series of interrogations to figure out what was going on in his thoughts at the time. The results were shocking. Thomas Jefferson performs a comprehensive review of all relevant and readily available material in order to arrive at his findings. Because of his contributions to the formation of an American vision that is relevant to contemporary political culture, Jefferson may be seen as a model for future generations of political leaders. (Onuf & Ebrary, 2007)

There is also a feeling of peculiarity in the society as seen by the restrained parts of Jefferson’s personality that he worked very hard to bring out of him. Particularly intriguing is his argument that Jefferson’s philosophical character can be shown nowhere more clearly than in his support for the institution of slavery, which is puzzling given Jefferson’s intellectual training. Along with re-igniting the argument between historical and contemporary perspectives, Onuf is also providing an original take on the connection between Americans and one of the founding fathers, Thomas Jefferson. A broad variety of issues are addressed by Jefferson in his writings. There is a lighthearted tone to some of them, which makes reading the book a simplified and lightweight experience overall. It also contains vignettes that help to depict the atmosphere in which he lived as well as his perceptions of what was essential in life at the time.

Conclusion

All in all, Onuf’s claim that public uproar leads to historians such as himself constructing representations of Jefferson’s character and analyzing Jefferson’s moral character is a hunk of horse feathers, to put it mildly. Unlike fiction writers, historians do not make up stories out of whole cloth; true history is founded on facts and does not make any exceptions in reaching its findings. Jefferson piques the interest of historians because they believe that the man behind the books can be tracked down and engaged with. The fact that Jefferson was able to obtain insight and empathy via intellect, experience, and the senses at the end of the day shows him to be a self-deceptive chameleon who was completely out of touch with his true character. As a result, Jeffersonian scholarship today may be as varied in its approaches as Jefferson himself was in his own thinking about it. Everyone, regardless of their background or political allegiance, appears to have something relevant to say about such a sterile, unreachable persona.

References

Onuf, P. S., & Ebrary, I. (2007). The mind of Thomas Jefferson. University Of Virginia Press.

A screening the business idea and business model for ~Climate Control Clothing~

Introduction

Technology gives us more reasons to smile and more ways to make life easier. Climate control clothing is technology in the clothing industry that helps you keep warm even when it is cold and cools you up when it is cold. Many people have not experienced this, which makes it a good idea to venture into climate control clothing business. In a bid to embrace technology and make a profit out of it, climate control clothing provides a solution to everybody, young and old. This paper analyses in depth, climate controlled clothing as a business idea considering the risks involved and what investors stand to gain. The paper is a guide into the business and provides detailed information on the potential growth of climate control clothing as a business and its financing requirement. This paper will also provide supporting details on how to grow this business venture.

Original Business Idea

Climate control clothing is a business idea that aims at taking advantage of few manufacturers of the product in the market. Manufacturing and controlling the supply of this product, to control and fully eliminate unauthorized intermediaries in the supply process. The business idea in climate control clothing is providing light wear that is made from advanced fabrics.

Clothes made using this technology provide solutions and comfort in varying climatic conditions, cooling effects when it is hot and warm when the weather is cold. The main idea and concept behind this clothing is to make you comfortable in all weather conditions. For companies, this will help reduces the rate of absenteeism by employees caused by unpredictable weather thus maintaining the production curve.

Together with providing a solution to working in varying weather conditions, climate control clothes are fashionable. The clothes are designed in different styles to bring out individuals sense of fashion. The business should manufacture customized clothes on request of customers, to suit individual tastes and preferences.

The need to provide fashionable wear using the current technology to provide solutions both to individuals and corporate organizations led to the idea of climate control clothing as a business venture. The idea furthers main use of clothing to provide a unique quality of clothes.

Product Description

Climate control clothing is a general word used to refer to all types of clothing that are manufactured using special type of fabric. The purpose of using this special fabric to manufacture the clothes is to make clothes that are suitable for wear in different climatic conditions. As the name suggest, climate control clothing helps you adapt in different environments with different climatic conditions. The clothes can be worn by anybody despite their age, gender, size or body weight and shape.

Attire made from the special fabric provides both cooling and warm effects depending on the current climate; this means, you feel cooler when it is hot and warmer when it is cold. Simply, these clothes provide effects similar to an air conditioner keeping your body temperature at a balance.

The special fabric is designed using Nano technology, making the products extremely advanced. Any type of attire can be made from this fabric, including jackets and scarfs. Vests and hats too can be made from this fabric; entire body attire can be manufactured using the special fabric. Climate control clothing should not be ironed and is dirt free bringing a different concept away from traditional clothing. The product brings an entire change in the clothing industry, where designs are incorporated with the latest technology to serve the same purpose.

Value Proposition

The need to have clothes that help people adapt to different climatic conditions exists. Manufacturing clothes using the special fabric technology meets the need of having clothes that help in maintaining body temperature in varying weather conditions. The clothes manufactured need to provide similar solutions to different people, different sizes and designs need to be manufactured. To meet specific individual needs, customization of the clothes should be provided as a service to take care of specific needs.

Climate control clothing provides the solution to children who fall sick during cold seasons and miss school. The same also applies to workers whose productivity lowers and rates of absenteeism rise during periods of harsh climatic conditions. The need to have light worn that can help individuals to withstand different climatic conditions will be met, by manufacturing clothes that are light and easy to clean.

The need will be met through using the Nano fabric technology to manufacture all types of clothes. Clothes that are casual wear and clothes that are office wear will be manufactured using the fabric. Distribution and sales are to be made worldwide to reach out to all continents and provide this unique product.

Business Model

The business idea arises from the need to use technology in designing fashionable wear. There is a general need to have clothes that an individual feels comfortable in and can work efficiently in during all-weather conditions.

During cold weather, people wear heavily in order to keep warm; they also drink hot fluids to maintain body warmth. During extremely hot weather, people wear light clothes in order to keep cool and allow air circulation in their body. The concept of climate control clothing provides a balance to all this using special fabric to design clothes that provide air conditioning solutions. Maintaining a regular body temperature that is recommended at the same time feeling comfy and flexible is the advantage of these clothes.

Due to the need to maintain productivity throughout the year, regardless of the climatic conditions this concept provides a long lasting solution. Fashion embraces technology through the design of clothes that act as air conditioners. The criteria implemented using this concept is the utilization of advanced resources to create long lasting products, moving away from conventional.

Need exists to provide these kind of clothing, this creates need for the product. The technology has not been used widely and being among pioneer companies to manufacture the product gives a competitive advantage.

Market size and Growth

The product has a wide market segment due to its ability to cater for the needs of all individuals. The initial target of climate control clothing is to produce for all kinds of people. The market is large enough to provide profits to the business venture, by targeting all people who wish to dress comfortably under any weather. The business should maximize on profits by taking advantage of the economies of scale, purchasing of the Nano technology fabric in large quantities. Use mass production to minimize on the costs of production and achieve a wide profit margin.

The market has a growth potential, to expand and provide products for pets. Coats for puppies and other pets can be manufactured using the same technology. These products will serve the same purpose; to maintain a steady body temperature balance. Growth to this level will ensure that the product remains relevant in the market at all times and makes profits from the venture. To ensure product growth, continuous research and use of technology will be conducted by the business to ensure that the product satisfies future needs.

Competitive advantage

The business will stand out from other competitors in the industry by providing customer level services. Customization and designing products that are specially requested by customers will be our competitive advantage. Taking time to cater to a customer’s specific needs and implementing the requested designs for individual customers besides producing standard clothes for the general market.

The business will continuously conduct research on the product to enable further advancements on the product. This will ensure that new products are introduced into the market and give competition to those that will have stayed for too long in the market.

Affordable costs of the final product; offering the product at an affordable price having put into consideration production costs and ensured a wide profit margin product prices will be set. The business will compete with other companies in the industry by offering the product at affordable prices.

Offering direct distribution to worldwide stores will eliminate intermediaries who break the link between the manufacturer and the customer. Having direct contact with the customers will enable the business to get immediate feedback about the product from the customers. This will also help create good customer relations which will help the business understand the customer in a better way. This gives competitive advantage to the business over other players in the industry.

Management

The business venture will require two different types of managers;

Business Manager- this is the entrepreneur who has invested into the business. The business manager is well informed on the technologies used and is the major source of financing for the business. The greatest financial risk lies on him/her, the manager will determine who to hire and other aspects regarding the venture. The main role of the business manager is to be the business leader, to guide the direction of the business using his/her wide knowledge on marketing and business management.

Production Manager- he/she will be responsible for all steps of production. The production manager will lead the production team in the production process. Other roles include leading the research team to conduct more research on advancement of the product. The production manager will require sound knowledge on the fabric technology being used and ratios of production.

The business and production managers must work together for the business to full achieve its potential. Communication between the two managers must be clear to avoid business losses and present the business in good light.

Revenue/Growth projections

The product is expected to go through different stages of growth from its introduction into the market to the level of it being financially viable.

During the first stage the product will be introduced into the market. Here the business will incur high costs of production and low profits since the product will be new to the market and more costs will be spent on advertising and product promotion.

The second stage will be the growth stage of the product. The target market will be aware that the product exists due to the advertising done in its first stage. Here the product will bring profits to the business as sales will increase.

The final stage will be the stage of product maturation. Here the product will be widely known in the market and will have existed for some time. At this point the business returns will be high and profits will be achieved. This is when the business can be termed as a financially viable business venture.

The duration spent in each of these stages by the product depends on target reception on the product. When the business is a financially viable venture it will be able to cater for all its needs and have a high profit margin.

Financing requirements

The business venture needs to be financed through personal savings and collections by the business manager, who is the entrepreneur. Borrowing from financial institutions is another way of financing this business venture. Financial assistance is offered by financial institutions after the viability of the business idea is tested.

After achieving its short term growth targets and when need to expand arises, the business may sell shares to the public and register as a company to increase its financial resources. Selling shares will help a business pull more money together and serve its expansion costs.

Summary

The product life cycle is a theory that indicates the stages that a product goes through to fully penetrate into the market. Climate control clothing will undergo similar stages to all other products because it is new to the market. It has to be introduced to the market, where the business will incur huge costs in running advertisements and making the product popular.

The second stage of the product will bring an increase in sales and increase in returns from the product. Finally the product will reach a level of maturation where there will be full maximization of potential.

References

Behrens, W., & Hawranek, P. M. (1991).Manual for the preparation of industrial feasibility studies (Newly rev. and expanded ed.). Vienna: United Nations Industrial Development Organization.

Draper, E. (1991). Risky business: genetic testing and exclusionary practices in the hazardous workplace. Cambridge [U.K.: Cambridge University Press.

Mertens, J. (2006, September 1). It’s getting hot in here: law enforcement finds comfort with new climate-control apparel technology.. Law Enforcement Technology, 1, 12.

Wells, L. T., & Adler, F. M. (1972). The product life cycle and international trade. Boston: Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University.

White, N., & Griffiths, I. (2000). The fashion business theory, practice, image. Oxford: Berg.

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A short analytical paper of Abraham Lincoln’s “A House Divided”

The House Divided Speech was addressed by Abraham Lincoln on June 1958. He delivered the speech upon his acceptance of Illinois Republican Party’s nomination as the senator of the state. Thus the speech became a very important launching campaign for his success in politics thus giving him a national limelight that saw him the elections to the presidency in 1860.The speech primarily addressed on the issue of slavery in America. Abraham Lincoln delivered his speech aimed at establishing his strong beliefs towards the acts of slavery. The speech was also meant to point out a differentiating factor of beliefs from Stephen Douglas and the rest of the top governmental officials who seemed to practice corruption in their transactions.

According to Abraham Lincoln, “A House divided against itself cannot stand”. This was the major crucial theme of Abraham Lincoln’s speech. From this important statement,Licoln meant that the American nation could not in whatever terms or state face a positive survival phase when it was composed of a state of half-slavery and half-free. He meant that only one of those two states could only exist. Thus his bold statement was that he expected that the division that existed had to cease so as to embrace success and good governance.

Lincoln’s speech helped rouse to the people of America the recognition of the extent to which slavery had gone. Lincoln’s speech is still relevant in this 21st century in that even today, each nation should embrace unity in all its undertakings whether political, social and economic. He believed that the ideals of a nation with freedom for all could not have a chance of coexistence whether socially, morally or in legal terms under one nation. Thus slavery should either be accepted among all people or be universally denied.

A universal truth is clearly bears a clear significance from Lincoln’s statement to the extent that such a statement even pervades a lot of importance to the modern society and even the governments in power today. Such relevance can be clearly seen in the experiences in Sudan. Continued irreconcilable differences in culture and religion against the people of Sudan saw Southern Sudan seceding to become the republic of South Sudan. Such success for secession bears credit from the prophetic work of Abraham Lincoln. A division had always existed between the people from Northern Sudan who were associated with Muslim religion and the people from the Southern Sudan who were associated with Christianity. This scenario bred a situation of ethnic and cultural differences between the two states to the extent where secession could be avoided.

Even today, the American nation is still faced with challenging political divisions and differences especially between the parties of the Republicans and the Democrats. The unwillingness of the two parties to arise to compromised solutions has always been evident in most of the major recent crises facing the nation. Clear evidence is the recent crisis on the debt ceiling where the Republicans were on the favor of maintaining cuts on spending as opposed to the Democrats who were advocating for increase in taxes so as to increase revenue collection in the country. Further differences saw a compromised situation of debt ceiling being arrived at as the solution. This led to the country facing an economic disaster as a result of the oppositions from the two strong political parties.

In the recent world, the institution of marriage can be compared to the speech of Abraham Lincoln. Marriage is a union of two people who are bound to each other by law. Division is prone to occur in a marriage situation in case of a divorce. For the married partners to embrace endured togetherness and unity in their marriage, they must appreciate common interests of concerns in their practices. In case one of the partners dissent from the unity and togetherness set up, the marriage is susceptible to division brought about by breaking of the legal bonds that hold the marriage partnership in unison. Continued lack of an amicable compromised solution between the two conflicting partners will thus lead to separation. Continued separation will see the two partners seek a divorce in a court of law and the marriage will fail completely. Most marriages nowadays are failing as a result of continued disagreements of interests between the married couple. As per words of Lincoln that a divide house cannot stand, thus the divided marriage partnership cannot even endure survival thus it breaks up.

Even today, divisions in groups have been as a result of continued differences among the uniting groups. Humans have a tendency to incline towards the protection of their interest’s ad favors of their perceived groups. Such favourism makes them advocate fully for their interests posing a challenging opposing side to the interests of their unperceived groups. Many nations today are faced with such opposing groups having differing interests and ideals. People advocating for similar ideals tend to create strong ties of loyalty and even alliances crating a boundary to the opposing group or alliance. Existence of the two opposing groups as a whole sees each group maintain conflicting interests. Continued disagreement leads to one group conquer the other resulting to a failing side and a winning side.Ultimatey such results create division in the nations.

Thus Abraham Lincoln’s works from the speech “A House Divided” bears a lot of significance and relevance in our modern world.

Table of Contents

TOC o “1-3” h z u HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606533” The Company PAGEREF _Toc404606533 h 2

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606534” Brand PAGEREF _Toc404606534 h 2

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606535” Macro-Environment PAGEREF _Toc404606535 h 3

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606536” Political Factors PAGEREF _Toc404606536 h 3

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606537” Economic Factors PAGEREF _Toc404606537 h 3

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606538” Social Factors PAGEREF _Toc404606538 h 3

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606539” Technological Factors PAGEREF _Toc404606539 h 4

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606540” Legal Factors PAGEREF _Toc404606540 h 4

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606541” Marketing Strategy PAGEREF _Toc404606541 h 4

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606542” Target market PAGEREF _Toc404606542 h 4

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606543” Brand Positioning PAGEREF _Toc404606543 h 5

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606544” Marketing Mix PAGEREF _Toc404606544 h 6

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606545” Product: PAGEREF _Toc404606545 h 6

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606546” Promotion: PAGEREF _Toc404606546 h 6

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606547” Place: PAGEREF _Toc404606547 h 6

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606548” Price PAGEREF _Toc404606548 h 7

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606549” Competitors PAGEREF _Toc404606549 h 7

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606550” Consumer Characteristics PAGEREF _Toc404606550 h 8

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606551” Buying Decision Behavior PAGEREF _Toc404606551 h 8

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606552” Complex buying behaviour PAGEREF _Toc404606552 h 8

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606553” The Buying process PAGEREF _Toc404606553 h 8

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606554” Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc404606554 h 9

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606555” References PAGEREF _Toc404606555 h 10

The CompanyThe company started in 1986. Coca-Cola is a carbonated soda pop sold in stores, restaurants, and offering gear around the world. The Coca-Cola Company guarantees that the beverage is sold in more than 200 nations. It is delivered by The Coca-Cola Company in Atlanta, Georgia, and is frequently alluded to just as Coke or as cola. The Coca-Cola Company is the world’s biggest beverage organization, invigorating customers with more than 450 crisp and still brands. Alongside Coca-Cola, known as the world’s most profitable brand, the Company’s gathering incorporates 12 other billion dollar brands, including Diet Coke, Fanta, Sprite, Coca-Cola Zero, and vitamin water, PowerAde, Minute Maid and Georgia Coffee. All through the world’s biggest drink conveyance framework, customers in more than 200 nations appreciate the Company’s refreshments at a rate of 1.5 billion servings a day. With a perpetual guarantee to building manageable groups, our Company is centered on activities that protect the surroundings, save assets and enhance the economic development of the groups where we work (Foster, 2008).

Brand

The Coca-Cola Company has room schedule-wise to present other cola drinks under the Coke brand name. The most customary of these is Diet Coke, with others and also Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola, Diet Coke Caffeine-Free, Coca-Cola Cherry, Coca-Cola Zero, Coca-Cola Vanilla, and unique versions with lemon, lime or espresso. In response to purchaser assertion on a more common item, the organization is at present eliminating E211, or sodium benzoate, the hostile added substance utilized as a part of Diet Coke and joined to DNA harm in yeast cells and hyperactivity in kids. The organization has realized that it plans to take away E211 from its different items, including Sprite and Oasis, when a sensible substitute is found (Nestle, 2000).

Macro-Environment analysis of Coca-Cola Company

Political FactorsGovernment assumes a part inside the operation of assembling this item in term of regulation. What’s more on the off chance that they don’t take after any of the single law then there are potential fine situated by the Government on organization. So thus Non-fermented drinks fall inside the sustenance class under the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) Political component likewise influence if there is change in the non-alcoholic business environment. These incorporate, without impediment, aggressive item and estimating weights and their capacity to increase or keep up offer of offers in the worldwide market as an issue of activity by contenders (Nestle, 2000).

Economic FactorsUnited Arab Emirates is on the eve of recovering from the world economic recession. Customers are presently continuing their typical propensities, setting off to the shopping centers, auto shopping, and consuming out at restaurants. On the other hand, a lot of people are even now taking care of their cash carefully. They accept that with lower swelling still to come, customers will recoup their certainty through the following year.

Social Factors

Numerous UAE natives are rehearsing healthier ways of life. This has influenced the non-fermented drink industry in that a lot of people are changing to filtered water and eating methodology colas rather than lager and other hard refreshments (Pitelis, & Teece, 2010).). The requirement for filtered water and other more advantageous and sound items are in critical in the normal everyday life. Besides consistently Coca Cola gives 1% of their benefits to philanthropy in Spain and it makes a neighborly organization picture.

Technological Factors

The organization advancement relies on upon the engineering they utilize and it help the organization to bring the level of the organization to the more than the normal. The Coca-Cola group chose it was time to get more execution from the business-discriminating SAP applications, while driving down equipment and programming expenses. As opposed to redesigning Oracle, the group chose to present IBM Db2. “By deciding to actualize Db2 pressure immediately, we have lessened the database estimate by around 40 for every penny. This provides for us speedier reinforcement and decreased stockpiling expenses, and makes the SAP specialized redesigns simpler and snappier.” Andrew Juarez, SAP Lead Basis, Coca-Cola Bottling Company Consolidated.

Legal Factors

Lawful angle concentrates on the impact of the national and world enactment. The Coca Cola Company gets all the rights material in the way of their business and each innovations and item improvements are continually going into the protected procedure (Pitelis, & Teece, 2010).).

Marketing StrategyTarget marketAs a rule, in spite of the fact that the organization concentrate on entire populace on the planet, adolescent era is the target showcased of the organization and they additionally need to demonstrate their items with loaded with youth and vitality to their customers. Schuiling & Kapferer (2004) expresses that Coca-Cola are cool and true, and , separate Coke from its rivals while Schuiling & Kapferer (2004) contends “pepsi being adolescent, energizing and hip and Dr pepper being nonconforming, special and fun”. Coca-Cola Company needed to painstakingly think about discharging as an eating methodology product offering because of apprehensions of debilitating the brand. Some piece of the choice procedure depended on the creation of aspartame, which is viewed as an issue sweetener to saccharine with less reactions. Coca-Cola has been utilizing its showcasing blend to demonstrate their prosperity business. Business fragments help the organization to enhance their items and administrations, recognizing what their customers require and advance new divisions. They advertises the items offering into distinctive or more than one business (e.g. Eating regimen coke) (Schuiling & Kapferer (2004)). To realize what their customers need, Coca-Cola utilizes the buyer division criteria and business sector into diverse gatherings: behavioral, psychographic and profile.

Brand Positioning

The situating methodology utilized by Coca-Cola has permitted them to paint a suitable picture of themselves in the psyche of their customers as the main “True One”. They have planned their situating methodology to draw a successful picture of their items offered for their client. When they had chosen the business fragment they needed to target and contend in, they unmistakably created a picture of that focused on business portion and appropriately characterized their items as a component of their situating method. Through their positions technique they underlined on their different and exceptional attributes with connection to their focused brands pushing on their singularity. They related their item with the client’s qualities and learning highlighting their profits. Their situating strategy likewise included examination of Coca-Cola’s items with those of their opponents, in the same way as Pepsi, so that drive their customers to accept that Coca-Cola’s items had higher quality and standard (Schuiling & Kapferer (2004)).

Marketing MixProduct:). It’s marking is evident and effortlessly perceived. Without a doubt, no drink organization contrasts with Coca Cola’s social ubiquity status. Some individuals purchase coke in view of its taste, as well as in light of the fact that it is generally acknowledged and they have a feeling that they are a piece of something so huge and binding together. Particularly, most youngsters anticipate an alternate sense which cool and articulation toward oneself. Coke is a way of life that they need and need. In this way, they pick Coca Cola. Individuals have very nearly boundless needs however constrained assets. In this manner, they need to pick items that give the most esteem and fulfillment for their cash. At the point when supported by buying force, needs get to be requests. Since the individuals’ need and requirement for Coca Cola, need get to be request (Schuiling & Kapferer, 2004

Promotion:Coca Cola Company focuses on promoting so as to make customers mindful of items. Broad promoting is utilizing on radio, TV and bulletins, and also sponsorships. Coca Cola supports numerous game exercises, which provides for them more mindfulness and prominence.

Place:The accessibility of Coca Cola’s items is second to none. Coca Cola’s brands can be discovered practically all over where buyers require a beverage, for example, in fast food organizations discovered everywhere throughout the world (e.g. Mcdonalds), in all general stores, accommodation stores, open houses, restaurants, bars and night clubs, sports stadiums, aerial transports basically all around.

PriceThe pricing strategy of Coca Cola is focused around the estimating progress with respect to its rivals and in addition the estimation of its items. In UAE, as is valid in the universal market, the fiercest contender of Coca Cola is Pepsi so evaluating is in a manner affected by the transaction of these rivals in a given business sector. Diverse taste item embrace the same value, that made customers purchase new item, however don’t think excessively. Since Pepsi is a puissant contender, two organizations very nearly embrace close estimating.

Competitors

Coca Cola Company’s immediate rival is Pepsico. Nonetheless, Cola Turka is a conspicuous rival in the cola business sector of UAE to attempt and catch the shopper’s consideration. This is clearly seen in the Cola Turka’s advancements with “Yahşi Batı” film of Cem Yılmaz. Pepsi build their advancement and mindfulness by promoting their items with well known superstar to pull in their fans to purchase their items. Really, Coca Cola and Pepsi have both the thought of “think worldwide, do nearby”. For instance, Coca Cola which is currently utilizing Acun Ilıcalı as a part of TV promotion, opponent organization of Pepsi is utilized the same conclusion before with Seda Sayan character who is extremely convincing over customers. In spite of the fact that there are a few advancements by Pepsi and Cola Turka, the purchasers really buying Coca Cola items did not really “perceive” the advancement. The greater part of the purchasers don’t get impacted by the advancements offered by the sodas organizations. This by and by shows how solid brand devotion is between buyers.

Consumer CharacteristicsConsumer behaviour is very affected by outside and interior elements. The outer components are isolated into five areas: Demographics, socio-money matters, engineering and open arrangement; society; subculture; reference gatherings; and promoting. The interior elements incorporate a mixed bag of mental components, for example, convictions and state of mind, inspiration, observation, and learning and mental self-view. Studies have demonstrated that these components and others that fall past the advertiser’s control have a critical effect on customer’s behavior

Buying Decision BehaviorComplex buying behavior

Complex buying behavior is customized by large amounts of shopper inclusion in a buy and critical saw contrasts among brands. Buyers generally apply intricate buying behavior when the expected buys are lavish, occasional and hazardous. Buy choices are more unpredictable contrasted with different items that are less expensive. Purchasers undertaking complex buying behavior are prone to experience each one phase of the choice making methodology. They will normally invest time asking about the item, assessing option brands and contrasting alternatives before at last making the buy (Weber, Story & Harnack, 2006).).

The Buying processCoca-colas customers can be clarified in Consumer as an issue Solver (Habitual Decision Maker). A frequent leader settles on decisions that are portrayed by a motivation endeavored and without cognizant control (Solomon et al, 2006). Coca-Cola’s brands are low inclusion items along these lines oblige little data seek. Most choices made by individuals who devour Coca-Cola are with almost no cognizant exertion. Coca-Cola customers buy Coke for instance focused around a propensity that has been structured about whether. Likewise the Evaluation of choices can be utilized to clarify the brands imperviousness to the subsidence, a great part of the buyers exertion that goes into a buy choice creates at the stage in which a decision must be produced using the open options (Solomon et al, 2006). By and large, there are various plan B, (for example, water, soda or liquor) a customer could consider in fulfilling a biogenic need, i.e. to prevail over thirst. A customer that has framed a propensity extra minutes to buy eating methodology Coke for instance will dependably have as a top priority an eating methodology coke at whatever point he’s parched. Marking can likewise be an impact on the assessment of plan B.

ConclusionIn place for the organization to keep up its solid business sector position, Coca Cola needs to consistently reinforce its brand to keep up brand unwaveringness and positive reactions and separate itself from its rivals. Particularly, the contention between Coca Cola, Pepsi, and Cola Turka has created a moderate moving industry, administration should consistently react to changing purchaser patterns and demeanor as the customer can undoubtedly change to different refreshments with little cost or outcome. The organization ought to merge the dedicated purchasers, empowering heavier utilization from them. They could attempt to change over some brand switchers into dependable customers through deals advancement and publicizing.

ReferencesFoster, R. J. (2008). Coca‐Globalization. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Nestle, M. (2000). Soft drink “pouring rights”: marketing empty calories to children. Public Health Reports, 115(4), 308.

Pitelis, C. N., & Teece, D. J. (2010). Cross-border market co-creation, dynamic capabilities and the entrepreneurial theory of the multinational enterprise.Industrial and Corporate Change, 19(4), 1247-1270.

Schuiling, I., & Kapferer, J. N. (2004). Executive insights: real differences between local and international brands: strategic implications for international marketers. Journal of International Marketing, 12(4), 97-112.

Weber, K., Story, M., & Harnack, L. (2006). Internet food marketing strategies aimed at children and adolescents: a content analysis of food and beverage brand web sites. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 106(9), 1463-1466.

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Mafic Dikes of NE Kaapvaal craton, geochemistry and cross cutting relationship ages

Swarms in the dykes may be further defined as the large geological feature that consists of major groups of linear and parallel dikes creates an overlying intrusion within the continental crust with a radial orientation. Several to about hundreds of dikes are emplaced marginally during the intrusive event that occurs once, and they are magmatic and stratigraphic. When such dike, swarms form a large igneous state they might be at one time the cause or origin of a volcanic state. In some areas such as the Archean and paleoproterozoic terrains, mafic dike swarm occurrence is referenced often as pure evidence. This is because of the activity in the mantle plume, which is associated with abnormal temperatures in the mantle.

Dike swarms may have a wide extension of over 400 km (249 mi) in both width and length. The Mackenzie dike swarm located halfly in the Canadian shields in the west is well known as the largest dike swarm in the whole world. It is more than 500 km (311 mi) wide and 3,000 km (1,864 mi) long. However the numbers of huge dike swarms on earth are at a lower level of about 25 only, yet the primary bisection of the most huge swarms is at a poor recognition all over the world. The reasons for this being the age factor and varioust activities of the tectonic (Vel’Azquez and Riccomini et al. 18).Different swarms were established and developed at different times, and on different reasons and current trends of the world. The evidences viable in this sect show the differences.

Swarm is collectively referring to a certain behavior shown by different animals, insects, people or any other group of the same kind that puts them together, for example, migrating together or milling about a very same point (O’loan and Evans 99). In this text, we deal with the trends or patterns of different swarms of dikes in different countries relating them to age, cross cutting relationships, and geochemistry.

Specifically we narrow down to the Mafic Dikes of NE Kaapvaal craton in South Africa.

Field evidence is one of the methods used in determining the age approximations of the complex array of the mafic dykes across the Eastern Kaapvaal craton in the South Africa while the analysis of these trends in the dikes and also the character of petrology of some dyke samples forming the other (Klausen and S”Oderlund et al. 501–522).

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Mental Health

According to WHO panic, worry and anxiety are ways in which people respond to uncertainty and unknown situations. In cases likeCOVID-19, people are afraid because of changes in their daily lives such as restricted movement, working from home, unemployment, online learning for children, and lack of physical contact and wearing of facemasks. All these abrupt changes have an effect on both mental and physical health of people (Park et al.).

Mental health, affects a broad area of people’s lives. It affects the sleep patterns where one has difficulty sleeping, poor concentration, loss of appetite and poor eating habits. In terms of socially and economically it affects one career, education and relationships with friends and family. People suffering from mental illness can also suffer from alcohol or drugs and other addictions (Park et al.). Mental illness does not only affect at an individual level but also families, community and nation. For example, if an individual cannot perform at their work place, it means they will have no income and if they are the bread winner in a family, they are also at stake. This affects even the nation at large because individuals are not productive.

According to CDC, children and teenagers may react differently to stress. For children and adolescents there may be excessive crying, change of sleeping patterns, so much worry, unhealthy eating and having behaviors they have outgrown. For teenagers, the stress may lead to poor performance in academics, poor concentrations, headaches and body pains, and indulging in substance abuse (Park et al.).

In the case of COVID-19 pandemic, the people most likely to suffer from mental health illness are: the elderly, those with other underlying conditions such as terminal illnesses, those with mental health conditions and those caring for family members and loved ones. This group of people is likely to have more stress because according to WHO they are at a high risk of contracting the virus (Pfefferbaum et al.).

For children, parents are advised to have communication with the children often, keep assuring them they are safe, let the children continue with their normal routine and limit them from news coverage even on social media. The parents also can explain to the children about the pandemic and what it is. Get to know their understanding and correct any misunderstanding they have. This helps them to have the correct information and thus reducing the stress.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, most people have been required to work from home. This has its side of challenges. Most people have stress on how to handle domestic work and work assignments at the same time. In trying to blend both, most people may find themselves working for long hours. There are various ways one can overcome these challenges. One can set up a working area where there are no non-wok disruptions such as other family members. Also, one should discuss with the other family members about their plan and schedule but also be flexible in case one needs to be attended to. Another strategy is having a schedule. This is important in maintaining healthy eating habits, connecting with other people, healthy sleeping and hygiene (Carol S, 2020).

Another cause of mental illness is loneliness especially in these times of COVID-19 where there is restriction of movement and keeping social distance (Carol S, 2020). According to WHO, the people at high risk are the elderly and those with mental illnesses. To cope with this, individuals should do some form of physical activities such as exercise and maintain social connections. Social connections with loved one can be done through the digital platforms such as zoom. Individuals can also utilize the time and do the things they enjoy to do by themselves but they have not had time to do them. Activities such as reading a book, trying a recipe, a body care routine, gardening, writing, stroking a pet, arts and crafts, virtual tours and live stream yoga and other workouts.

During uncertain times people experience high levels of anxiety. To cope with this, individuals can do simple relaxation techniques such as breathing in and out, or meditation as they help relieve anxious thoughts. One can also access materials on other relation practices online. When these activities are done regularly they help reduce stress and anxiety. Individuals can also join wellness programs online where most of them are free (Crystal).

In times of a pandemic such as the COVID-19, it is advisable to stay informed but not watching the news so much. Staying informed is important so one can follow what is happening and safety measures given. Also one is able to know what the authorities require of them and take personal protective measures. On the other hand, it is good to get information from verified sources such as WHO and CDC because some information only instills fear, is incorrect and some are just myths and misconceptions. It is good to check what one is watching or reading. To achieve this; check only trusted sources, limit the number of time one checks for updates and one can refrain from the media if they start feeling overwhelmed. One should also refrain from sharing information that is not from a verified source as these increases anxiety and fear to other people who receive the information (Crystal).

To have a good mental health in times of the pandemic, one should try and focus on the things they have control over. Focusing on questions like what will happen, when will the pandemic end, what is the government doing, will only increase our fears and anxiety because they are questions without answers. Instead of this, one can focus on what they can do at a personal level to reduce the risk such as wearing a facemask, washing hands for 20 seconds, sanitizing, avoiding crowds, staying at home, maintaining social distance and following all the guidelines set by authorities (Crystal).

The best way of maintaining mental health is taking care of one’s body and spirit. Even with the disruptions caused by the corona virus one should; be easy on themselves, maintain their routine such as sleep and meals, do the activities they enjoy like reading a book, go out and enjoy nature if possible, do some exercises such as cycling, yoga, and do not use substances such as alcohol to reduce anxiety ( Crystal).

Listening to music also helps to reduce stress and anxiety. Music helps in various ways; it helps one divert attention from the issue that is causing stress and anxiety and also activates and excites one’s body (Crystal). According to researchers, music helps the body produce immunoglobulin A and natural killer cells that attack viruses and improves immunity of the body. Music also reduces the levels of cortisol, a stress hormone.

Individuals can join other community members and faith-based organizations such as churches. This can be done through the online platforms due to the social distancing measures in place. It can be through social media, phone calls, or emails. There can be praise and worship sessions, prayers and even sermons that have a message of hope. This will be important as one can pass and receive a message of hope and this will help reduce stress and anxiety levels. It also helps individuals to shift their focus from the pandemic news and fears that come it (Crystal)

In conclusion, mental health can be maintained easily without expenses. It is just about having things such self-care routines like exercising, maintaining hygiene, eating healthy, having good sleeping patterns. Maintain social connections through phone calls, digital platforms such zoom. Avoid so much news from unverified sources because they spread fear. Enjoy hobbies like reading books, cooking, gardening, and watching. Also avoid self-medication with substance such as alcohol and drugs. Finally, have a balance between domestic chores and work assignments if possible have schedule for each day and a specific place for working. All these are strategies that can help maintain mental health. One should use that which is appropriate for them because different people react differently to stressful situations. Also in terms of hobbies, people have different activities that they enjoy doing by themselves. Finally, when people are mentally healthy, they will think clearly and therefore, follow the guidelines put to protect themselves and their families. This will in turn help reduce the spread and infections of corona virus.

Work Cited

Pfefferbaum, Betty, and Carol S. North. “Mental health and the Covid-19 pandemic.” New

England Journal of Medicine (2020).

Park, Crystal L., et al. “Americans’ COVID-19 Stress, Coping, and Adherence to CDC

Guidelines.” Journal of General Internal Medicine (2020): 1.

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