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Table of Contents

TOC o “1-3” h z u HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606533” The Company PAGEREF _Toc404606533 h 2

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606534” Brand PAGEREF _Toc404606534 h 2

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606535” Macro-Environment PAGEREF _Toc404606535 h 3

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606536” Political Factors PAGEREF _Toc404606536 h 3

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606537” Economic Factors PAGEREF _Toc404606537 h 3

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606538” Social Factors PAGEREF _Toc404606538 h 3

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606539” Technological Factors PAGEREF _Toc404606539 h 4

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606540” Legal Factors PAGEREF _Toc404606540 h 4

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606541” Marketing Strategy PAGEREF _Toc404606541 h 4

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606542” Target market PAGEREF _Toc404606542 h 4

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606543” Brand Positioning PAGEREF _Toc404606543 h 5

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606544” Marketing Mix PAGEREF _Toc404606544 h 6

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606545” Product: PAGEREF _Toc404606545 h 6

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606546” Promotion: PAGEREF _Toc404606546 h 6

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606547” Place: PAGEREF _Toc404606547 h 6

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606548” Price PAGEREF _Toc404606548 h 7

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606549” Competitors PAGEREF _Toc404606549 h 7

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606550” Consumer Characteristics PAGEREF _Toc404606550 h 8

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606551” Buying Decision Behavior PAGEREF _Toc404606551 h 8

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606552” Complex buying behaviour PAGEREF _Toc404606552 h 8

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606553” The Buying process PAGEREF _Toc404606553 h 8

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606554” Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc404606554 h 9

HYPERLINK l “_Toc404606555” References PAGEREF _Toc404606555 h 10

The CompanyThe company started in 1986. Coca-Cola is a carbonated soda pop sold in stores, restaurants, and offering gear around the world. The Coca-Cola Company guarantees that the beverage is sold in more than 200 nations. It is delivered by The Coca-Cola Company in Atlanta, Georgia, and is frequently alluded to just as Coke or as cola. The Coca-Cola Company is the world’s biggest beverage organization, invigorating customers with more than 450 crisp and still brands. Alongside Coca-Cola, known as the world’s most profitable brand, the Company’s gathering incorporates 12 other billion dollar brands, including Diet Coke, Fanta, Sprite, Coca-Cola Zero, and vitamin water, PowerAde, Minute Maid and Georgia Coffee. All through the world’s biggest drink conveyance framework, customers in more than 200 nations appreciate the Company’s refreshments at a rate of 1.5 billion servings a day. With a perpetual guarantee to building manageable groups, our Company is centered on activities that protect the surroundings, save assets and enhance the economic development of the groups where we work (Foster, 2008).

Brand

The Coca-Cola Company has room schedule-wise to present other cola drinks under the Coke brand name. The most customary of these is Diet Coke, with others and also Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola, Diet Coke Caffeine-Free, Coca-Cola Cherry, Coca-Cola Zero, Coca-Cola Vanilla, and unique versions with lemon, lime or espresso. In response to purchaser assertion on a more common item, the organization is at present eliminating E211, or sodium benzoate, the hostile added substance utilized as a part of Diet Coke and joined to DNA harm in yeast cells and hyperactivity in kids. The organization has realized that it plans to take away E211 from its different items, including Sprite and Oasis, when a sensible substitute is found (Nestle, 2000).

Macro-Environment analysis of Coca-Cola Company

Political FactorsGovernment assumes a part inside the operation of assembling this item in term of regulation. What’s more on the off chance that they don’t take after any of the single law then there are potential fine situated by the Government on organization. So thus Non-fermented drinks fall inside the sustenance class under the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) Political component likewise influence if there is change in the non-alcoholic business environment. These incorporate, without impediment, aggressive item and estimating weights and their capacity to increase or keep up offer of offers in the worldwide market as an issue of activity by contenders (Nestle, 2000).

Economic FactorsUnited Arab Emirates is on the eve of recovering from the world economic recession. Customers are presently continuing their typical propensities, setting off to the shopping centers, auto shopping, and consuming out at restaurants. On the other hand, a lot of people are even now taking care of their cash carefully. They accept that with lower swelling still to come, customers will recoup their certainty through the following year.

Social Factors

Numerous UAE natives are rehearsing healthier ways of life. This has influenced the non-fermented drink industry in that a lot of people are changing to filtered water and eating methodology colas rather than lager and other hard refreshments (Pitelis, & Teece, 2010).). The requirement for filtered water and other more advantageous and sound items are in critical in the normal everyday life. Besides consistently Coca Cola gives 1% of their benefits to philanthropy in Spain and it makes a neighborly organization picture.

Technological Factors

The organization advancement relies on upon the engineering they utilize and it help the organization to bring the level of the organization to the more than the normal. The Coca-Cola group chose it was time to get more execution from the business-discriminating SAP applications, while driving down equipment and programming expenses. As opposed to redesigning Oracle, the group chose to present IBM Db2. “By deciding to actualize Db2 pressure immediately, we have lessened the database estimate by around 40 for every penny. This provides for us speedier reinforcement and decreased stockpiling expenses, and makes the SAP specialized redesigns simpler and snappier.” Andrew Juarez, SAP Lead Basis, Coca-Cola Bottling Company Consolidated.

Legal Factors

Lawful angle concentrates on the impact of the national and world enactment. The Coca Cola Company gets all the rights material in the way of their business and each innovations and item improvements are continually going into the protected procedure (Pitelis, & Teece, 2010).).

Marketing StrategyTarget marketAs a rule, in spite of the fact that the organization concentrate on entire populace on the planet, adolescent era is the target showcased of the organization and they additionally need to demonstrate their items with loaded with youth and vitality to their customers. Schuiling & Kapferer (2004) expresses that Coca-Cola are cool and true, and , separate Coke from its rivals while Schuiling & Kapferer (2004) contends “pepsi being adolescent, energizing and hip and Dr pepper being nonconforming, special and fun”. Coca-Cola Company needed to painstakingly think about discharging as an eating methodology product offering because of apprehensions of debilitating the brand. Some piece of the choice procedure depended on the creation of aspartame, which is viewed as an issue sweetener to saccharine with less reactions. Coca-Cola has been utilizing its showcasing blend to demonstrate their prosperity business. Business fragments help the organization to enhance their items and administrations, recognizing what their customers require and advance new divisions. They advertises the items offering into distinctive or more than one business (e.g. Eating regimen coke) (Schuiling & Kapferer (2004)). To realize what their customers need, Coca-Cola utilizes the buyer division criteria and business sector into diverse gatherings: behavioral, psychographic and profile.

Brand Positioning

The situating methodology utilized by Coca-Cola has permitted them to paint a suitable picture of themselves in the psyche of their customers as the main “True One”. They have planned their situating methodology to draw a successful picture of their items offered for their client. When they had chosen the business fragment they needed to target and contend in, they unmistakably created a picture of that focused on business portion and appropriately characterized their items as a component of their situating method. Through their positions technique they underlined on their different and exceptional attributes with connection to their focused brands pushing on their singularity. They related their item with the client’s qualities and learning highlighting their profits. Their situating strategy likewise included examination of Coca-Cola’s items with those of their opponents, in the same way as Pepsi, so that drive their customers to accept that Coca-Cola’s items had higher quality and standard (Schuiling & Kapferer (2004)).

Marketing MixProduct:). It’s marking is evident and effortlessly perceived. Without a doubt, no drink organization contrasts with Coca Cola’s social ubiquity status. Some individuals purchase coke in view of its taste, as well as in light of the fact that it is generally acknowledged and they have a feeling that they are a piece of something so huge and binding together. Particularly, most youngsters anticipate an alternate sense which cool and articulation toward oneself. Coke is a way of life that they need and need. In this way, they pick Coca Cola. Individuals have very nearly boundless needs however constrained assets. In this manner, they need to pick items that give the most esteem and fulfillment for their cash. At the point when supported by buying force, needs get to be requests. Since the individuals’ need and requirement for Coca Cola, need get to be request (Schuiling & Kapferer, 2004

Promotion:Coca Cola Company focuses on promoting so as to make customers mindful of items. Broad promoting is utilizing on radio, TV and bulletins, and also sponsorships. Coca Cola supports numerous game exercises, which provides for them more mindfulness and prominence.

Place:The accessibility of Coca Cola’s items is second to none. Coca Cola’s brands can be discovered practically all over where buyers require a beverage, for example, in fast food organizations discovered everywhere throughout the world (e.g. Mcdonalds), in all general stores, accommodation stores, open houses, restaurants, bars and night clubs, sports stadiums, aerial transports basically all around.

PriceThe pricing strategy of Coca Cola is focused around the estimating progress with respect to its rivals and in addition the estimation of its items. In UAE, as is valid in the universal market, the fiercest contender of Coca Cola is Pepsi so evaluating is in a manner affected by the transaction of these rivals in a given business sector. Diverse taste item embrace the same value, that made customers purchase new item, however don’t think excessively. Since Pepsi is a puissant contender, two organizations very nearly embrace close estimating.

Competitors

Coca Cola Company’s immediate rival is Pepsico. Nonetheless, Cola Turka is a conspicuous rival in the cola business sector of UAE to attempt and catch the shopper’s consideration. This is clearly seen in the Cola Turka’s advancements with “Yahşi Batı” film of Cem Yılmaz. Pepsi build their advancement and mindfulness by promoting their items with well known superstar to pull in their fans to purchase their items. Really, Coca Cola and Pepsi have both the thought of “think worldwide, do nearby”. For instance, Coca Cola which is currently utilizing Acun Ilıcalı as a part of TV promotion, opponent organization of Pepsi is utilized the same conclusion before with Seda Sayan character who is extremely convincing over customers. In spite of the fact that there are a few advancements by Pepsi and Cola Turka, the purchasers really buying Coca Cola items did not really “perceive” the advancement. The greater part of the purchasers don’t get impacted by the advancements offered by the sodas organizations. This by and by shows how solid brand devotion is between buyers.

Consumer CharacteristicsConsumer behaviour is very affected by outside and interior elements. The outer components are isolated into five areas: Demographics, socio-money matters, engineering and open arrangement; society; subculture; reference gatherings; and promoting. The interior elements incorporate a mixed bag of mental components, for example, convictions and state of mind, inspiration, observation, and learning and mental self-view. Studies have demonstrated that these components and others that fall past the advertiser’s control have a critical effect on customer’s behavior

Buying Decision BehaviorComplex buying behavior

Complex buying behavior is customized by large amounts of shopper inclusion in a buy and critical saw contrasts among brands. Buyers generally apply intricate buying behavior when the expected buys are lavish, occasional and hazardous. Buy choices are more unpredictable contrasted with different items that are less expensive. Purchasers undertaking complex buying behavior are prone to experience each one phase of the choice making methodology. They will normally invest time asking about the item, assessing option brands and contrasting alternatives before at last making the buy (Weber, Story & Harnack, 2006).).

The Buying processCoca-colas customers can be clarified in Consumer as an issue Solver (Habitual Decision Maker). A frequent leader settles on decisions that are portrayed by a motivation endeavored and without cognizant control (Solomon et al, 2006). Coca-Cola’s brands are low inclusion items along these lines oblige little data seek. Most choices made by individuals who devour Coca-Cola are with almost no cognizant exertion. Coca-Cola customers buy Coke for instance focused around a propensity that has been structured about whether. Likewise the Evaluation of choices can be utilized to clarify the brands imperviousness to the subsidence, a great part of the buyers exertion that goes into a buy choice creates at the stage in which a decision must be produced using the open options (Solomon et al, 2006). By and large, there are various plan B, (for example, water, soda or liquor) a customer could consider in fulfilling a biogenic need, i.e. to prevail over thirst. A customer that has framed a propensity extra minutes to buy eating methodology Coke for instance will dependably have as a top priority an eating methodology coke at whatever point he’s parched. Marking can likewise be an impact on the assessment of plan B.

ConclusionIn place for the organization to keep up its solid business sector position, Coca Cola needs to consistently reinforce its brand to keep up brand unwaveringness and positive reactions and separate itself from its rivals. Particularly, the contention between Coca Cola, Pepsi, and Cola Turka has created a moderate moving industry, administration should consistently react to changing purchaser patterns and demeanor as the customer can undoubtedly change to different refreshments with little cost or outcome. The organization ought to merge the dedicated purchasers, empowering heavier utilization from them. They could attempt to change over some brand switchers into dependable customers through deals advancement and publicizing.

ReferencesFoster, R. J. (2008). Coca‐Globalization. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Nestle, M. (2000). Soft drink “pouring rights”: marketing empty calories to children. Public Health Reports, 115(4), 308.

Pitelis, C. N., & Teece, D. J. (2010). Cross-border market co-creation, dynamic capabilities and the entrepreneurial theory of the multinational enterprise.Industrial and Corporate Change, 19(4), 1247-1270.

Schuiling, I., & Kapferer, J. N. (2004). Executive insights: real differences between local and international brands: strategic implications for international marketers. Journal of International Marketing, 12(4), 97-112.

Weber, K., Story, M., & Harnack, L. (2006). Internet food marketing strategies aimed at children and adolescents: a content analysis of food and beverage brand web sites. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 106(9), 1463-1466.

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Mafic Dikes of NE Kaapvaal craton, geochemistry and cross cutting relationship ages

Swarms in the dykes may be further defined as the large geological feature that consists of major groups of linear and parallel dikes creates an overlying intrusion within the continental crust with a radial orientation. Several to about hundreds of dikes are emplaced marginally during the intrusive event that occurs once, and they are magmatic and stratigraphic. When such dike, swarms form a large igneous state they might be at one time the cause or origin of a volcanic state. In some areas such as the Archean and paleoproterozoic terrains, mafic dike swarm occurrence is referenced often as pure evidence. This is because of the activity in the mantle plume, which is associated with abnormal temperatures in the mantle.

Dike swarms may have a wide extension of over 400 km (249 mi) in both width and length. The Mackenzie dike swarm located halfly in the Canadian shields in the west is well known as the largest dike swarm in the whole world. It is more than 500 km (311 mi) wide and 3,000 km (1,864 mi) long. However the numbers of huge dike swarms on earth are at a lower level of about 25 only, yet the primary bisection of the most huge swarms is at a poor recognition all over the world. The reasons for this being the age factor and varioust activities of the tectonic (Vel’Azquez and Riccomini et al. 18).Different swarms were established and developed at different times, and on different reasons and current trends of the world. The evidences viable in this sect show the differences.

Swarm is collectively referring to a certain behavior shown by different animals, insects, people or any other group of the same kind that puts them together, for example, migrating together or milling about a very same point (O’loan and Evans 99). In this text, we deal with the trends or patterns of different swarms of dikes in different countries relating them to age, cross cutting relationships, and geochemistry.

Specifically we narrow down to the Mafic Dikes of NE Kaapvaal craton in South Africa.

Field evidence is one of the methods used in determining the age approximations of the complex array of the mafic dykes across the Eastern Kaapvaal craton in the South Africa while the analysis of these trends in the dikes and also the character of petrology of some dyke samples forming the other (Klausen and S”Oderlund et al. 501–522).

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Mental Health

According to WHO panic, worry and anxiety are ways in which people respond to uncertainty and unknown situations. In cases likeCOVID-19, people are afraid because of changes in their daily lives such as restricted movement, working from home, unemployment, online learning for children, and lack of physical contact and wearing of facemasks. All these abrupt changes have an effect on both mental and physical health of people (Park et al.).

Mental health, affects a broad area of people’s lives. It affects the sleep patterns where one has difficulty sleeping, poor concentration, loss of appetite and poor eating habits. In terms of socially and economically it affects one career, education and relationships with friends and family. People suffering from mental illness can also suffer from alcohol or drugs and other addictions (Park et al.). Mental illness does not only affect at an individual level but also families, community and nation. For example, if an individual cannot perform at their work place, it means they will have no income and if they are the bread winner in a family, they are also at stake. This affects even the nation at large because individuals are not productive.

According to CDC, children and teenagers may react differently to stress. For children and adolescents there may be excessive crying, change of sleeping patterns, so much worry, unhealthy eating and having behaviors they have outgrown. For teenagers, the stress may lead to poor performance in academics, poor concentrations, headaches and body pains, and indulging in substance abuse (Park et al.).

In the case of COVID-19 pandemic, the people most likely to suffer from mental health illness are: the elderly, those with other underlying conditions such as terminal illnesses, those with mental health conditions and those caring for family members and loved ones. This group of people is likely to have more stress because according to WHO they are at a high risk of contracting the virus (Pfefferbaum et al.).

For children, parents are advised to have communication with the children often, keep assuring them they are safe, let the children continue with their normal routine and limit them from news coverage even on social media. The parents also can explain to the children about the pandemic and what it is. Get to know their understanding and correct any misunderstanding they have. This helps them to have the correct information and thus reducing the stress.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, most people have been required to work from home. This has its side of challenges. Most people have stress on how to handle domestic work and work assignments at the same time. In trying to blend both, most people may find themselves working for long hours. There are various ways one can overcome these challenges. One can set up a working area where there are no non-wok disruptions such as other family members. Also, one should discuss with the other family members about their plan and schedule but also be flexible in case one needs to be attended to. Another strategy is having a schedule. This is important in maintaining healthy eating habits, connecting with other people, healthy sleeping and hygiene (Carol S, 2020).

Another cause of mental illness is loneliness especially in these times of COVID-19 where there is restriction of movement and keeping social distance (Carol S, 2020). According to WHO, the people at high risk are the elderly and those with mental illnesses. To cope with this, individuals should do some form of physical activities such as exercise and maintain social connections. Social connections with loved one can be done through the digital platforms such as zoom. Individuals can also utilize the time and do the things they enjoy to do by themselves but they have not had time to do them. Activities such as reading a book, trying a recipe, a body care routine, gardening, writing, stroking a pet, arts and crafts, virtual tours and live stream yoga and other workouts.

During uncertain times people experience high levels of anxiety. To cope with this, individuals can do simple relaxation techniques such as breathing in and out, or meditation as they help relieve anxious thoughts. One can also access materials on other relation practices online. When these activities are done regularly they help reduce stress and anxiety. Individuals can also join wellness programs online where most of them are free (Crystal).

In times of a pandemic such as the COVID-19, it is advisable to stay informed but not watching the news so much. Staying informed is important so one can follow what is happening and safety measures given. Also one is able to know what the authorities require of them and take personal protective measures. On the other hand, it is good to get information from verified sources such as WHO and CDC because some information only instills fear, is incorrect and some are just myths and misconceptions. It is good to check what one is watching or reading. To achieve this; check only trusted sources, limit the number of time one checks for updates and one can refrain from the media if they start feeling overwhelmed. One should also refrain from sharing information that is not from a verified source as these increases anxiety and fear to other people who receive the information (Crystal).

To have a good mental health in times of the pandemic, one should try and focus on the things they have control over. Focusing on questions like what will happen, when will the pandemic end, what is the government doing, will only increase our fears and anxiety because they are questions without answers. Instead of this, one can focus on what they can do at a personal level to reduce the risk such as wearing a facemask, washing hands for 20 seconds, sanitizing, avoiding crowds, staying at home, maintaining social distance and following all the guidelines set by authorities (Crystal).

The best way of maintaining mental health is taking care of one’s body and spirit. Even with the disruptions caused by the corona virus one should; be easy on themselves, maintain their routine such as sleep and meals, do the activities they enjoy like reading a book, go out and enjoy nature if possible, do some exercises such as cycling, yoga, and do not use substances such as alcohol to reduce anxiety ( Crystal).

Listening to music also helps to reduce stress and anxiety. Music helps in various ways; it helps one divert attention from the issue that is causing stress and anxiety and also activates and excites one’s body (Crystal). According to researchers, music helps the body produce immunoglobulin A and natural killer cells that attack viruses and improves immunity of the body. Music also reduces the levels of cortisol, a stress hormone.

Individuals can join other community members and faith-based organizations such as churches. This can be done through the online platforms due to the social distancing measures in place. It can be through social media, phone calls, or emails. There can be praise and worship sessions, prayers and even sermons that have a message of hope. This will be important as one can pass and receive a message of hope and this will help reduce stress and anxiety levels. It also helps individuals to shift their focus from the pandemic news and fears that come it (Crystal)

In conclusion, mental health can be maintained easily without expenses. It is just about having things such self-care routines like exercising, maintaining hygiene, eating healthy, having good sleeping patterns. Maintain social connections through phone calls, digital platforms such zoom. Avoid so much news from unverified sources because they spread fear. Enjoy hobbies like reading books, cooking, gardening, and watching. Also avoid self-medication with substance such as alcohol and drugs. Finally, have a balance between domestic chores and work assignments if possible have schedule for each day and a specific place for working. All these are strategies that can help maintain mental health. One should use that which is appropriate for them because different people react differently to stressful situations. Also in terms of hobbies, people have different activities that they enjoy doing by themselves. Finally, when people are mentally healthy, they will think clearly and therefore, follow the guidelines put to protect themselves and their families. This will in turn help reduce the spread and infections of corona virus.

Work Cited

Pfefferbaum, Betty, and Carol S. North. “Mental health and the Covid-19 pandemic.” New

England Journal of Medicine (2020).

Park, Crystal L., et al. “Americans’ COVID-19 Stress, Coping, and Adherence to CDC

Guidelines.” Journal of General Internal Medicine (2020): 1.

Proterozoic dykes are aero magnetically prominent tholeiitic basalts which have high modal oxide elements. A positive indication states that geochemical there is a clear distinction observed between the two swarms that is Archean high and Proterozoic low and La/Yb dyke swarms

Mental Health

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Mental Health

Mental Hospitals have been around since the1850’s. They have changed their practices dramatically since then. However, one thing that has remained common is admitting people into these institutions against their will. It brings the question, is it ethically and medically necessary to take such action to an individual? Perhaps, it can help a person be admitted, especially if they are refusing to seek medical attention even in cases when a patient might have tried committing suicide and are in danger. If they are in a state of mind where they cannot make decisions logically or rationally, it would be necessary for those patients to be rehabilitated. Furthermore, they could be endangering themselves or others if they fail to get the proper care of their mental health, which at times can only be achieved through holding them in the mental hospitals. This report elaborates why it is necessary to rehabilitate individuals having mental disorders against their will, although on specific backgrounds.

Some mental disorders often interfere with the behavior and functionality, thus necessitating some dramatic and rapid measures such as limiting the freedom of a person. It is significant to impose those kinds of actions to help mitigate the risk that might involve either the person harming him/herself or even others. Involuntary mental hospitalization encompasses healthy socialization between the medical and legal systems. Policies guiding the involuntary mental hospitalization are different based on the states; thus, there might be cases where individual healthcare givers are given an upper hand to rehabilitate patients against their will under specific requirements (Bowers, 2005). Such extreme conditions, in many cases, end to be life-threatening to the general public or one’s self. Those mental health caregivers do not kindly take that authority; thus, they practice absolute professionalism serving to reduce inappropriate decisions. For example, severely depressed individuals trying to terminate his/her life might face such actions if he refuses hospitalization.

If holding and forcing people in these mental hospitals against their will, its quite a fair practice, then what doctrine plays a part execution of such decisions? Also, some protocols followed to protect people from being discredited of their rights inappropriately? On such, patients with functional psychiatric disorders, who are showing behavioral signs that mental healthcare professionals think may result in imminent damage or harm to other parties or that person, and the healthcare givers can step up and initiate the involuntary hospitalization process. In numerous cases, the initial period for this process usually is short, consuming close to 96 hours except for weekends. Also, if a person who has schizophrenia is strangely demonstrating some agitated character and even attacking or threatening family members with deadly weapons, on the basis that he is being influenced, some external forces coming as auditory hallucinations.

The first involuntary confinement period of the briefing is used purposely for direct observation and evaluation. Significant documentation is gathered during emergency detention, including eye-witnesses who have experienced or seen that particular dangerous behavior. Of course, it leads to an awkward feeling to many involved. It presents quite an unpleasant condition and mood filing legal documents against one’s family members or friends, resulting in losing their freedom. Nonetheless, it would be better to do whatever is possible to make sure that the person or people you care about are okay and receive proper care. Individuals experiencing mental disorders are hospitalized and advised on how to go about the legal processes and are given access to a lawyer. More often, this initial period of 96 hours, many psychiatrists do not administer medication to these patients, not unless it is required for the well-being of the patient not to harm others or him/herself (Wang & Colucci, 2017). It possible for agitated patients to inflict harm even in a hospital setting. Somebody can only achieve the most effective way to mitigate the damage through certain psychiatric medications.

The initial hospitalization period is anticipated to help the patient develop adequate understanding and sage on volunteering to be patient and comply with treatment recommendations. In such cases, somebody can enforce no legal proceedings, and the initiation of voluntary treatment may begin. In situations where the voluntary patient does not want to stay in the hospital, the clinical team decides if the patient is consistently showing behaviors that are dangerous due to psychiatric illness. The imminent harmfulness derives the necessity for involuntary hospitalization as opposed to the presence of psychiatric symptoms (Katsakou, et. al. 2012). If the significant danger persists concerning the person’s behaviors, then a court proceeding follows briefly after involuntary hospitalization within that period of 96 hours. The patient is represented by a lawyer, although he/she must be present.

In some cases, witnesses might be present in the court, usually relatives, close friends, and health professionals. Psychiatrists mainly play a significant role in their testimonials. They give evidence and reasons as to what they think the patient’s illness is an imminent danger to the patient or even other parties who might be involved. The prosecutor would decide if the evidence presented necessitate the continued denial of the freedom to the person.

In case the prosecutor finds the evidence as vague and insufficient, the release of the patient is done imminently. Where the judge resonates with the evidence presented that indeed the illness is subject to imminent harm to either the patient or other people, a more extended period of involuntary hospitalization is pronounced by the judge to the psychiatric patient. For example, the state of Missouri serves an additional 21 days. At that period, the treatment is initiated to the psychiatric patient. That kind of treatment primarily encompasses therapy sessions and psychiatric medications. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) must not unless the court has restrained the mental health care providers (Mitchell & Selmes 2007). Using involuntary ECT needs a demonstration that proves that other treatments are not working, and the patient might respond to ECT.

The involuntary commitment period is usually long, and at this particular time, it is hoped the patient will positively respond to treatment. On numerous occasions, as the treatment is still progressing, the patients can understand that they are indeed sick, and the treatment is serving for their recovery and well-being. Several weeks during the patient’s commitment mostly help the patient to recover, though not wholly. The person might be discharged subject to an improving condition and referred to voluntary treatment where the environment is less restrictive, usually a day hospital or an outpatient setting.

There are cases where a patient might remain be sick even after the court-mandated treatment duration. Still, the patient is not demonstrating any agitated behaviors to other people or self. On such, the patient can be discharged by the treatment team and encouraged to adhere to outpatient treatment. Instances involving psychiatric patients failing to recover and are still displaying dangerous behaviors, another court hearing is conducted. The judge presides on the necessary actions that should be taken concerning the patient, even if it means additional involuntary confinement.

Somebody can raise questions if a psychiatric patient with agitated behaviors refuses treatment. In cases where a psychiatric patient has been involuntary detained, the person doesn’t need to undergo treatment. Instances, where individuals are forced to take medication or therapy sessions can only be subject to a declaration of incompetency to their decision-making. Long-term commitment periods are accustomed to having more stringent requirements than involuntary hospitalization, but only for a limited duration and is not subject to extension in the absence of proper guidelines being adhered to. The commitment may often sound like a jail sentence; however, on actual terms, regarding the responsibility can always serve to facilitate the well-being of the psychiatric patient as opposed to punishing or restricting their civil rights (Chow, 2013). It usually shows compassion and consideration of individuals needing help concerning their safety or well-being.

Unfortunately, severe depression is becoming quite too common. For some, moving the step for the recovery might mean getting hospitalized for depression. Some unguarded and unsound decisions from these patients might result in future regrets, which is better when rehabilitated. The hospital provides the perfect environment for their recovery as the patient can meet and get help from mental health care professionals. High chances are mental healthcare treatments are behind the recovery of patients with severe mental illnesses, more importantly, lowering their mortality rate significantly through emergency detention.

In conclusion, while it may sound very frightening for involuntary hospitalization, the main objective is to help individuals who cannot cope well with their mental disorders to recover. It is fair to emphasize enlightening people that involuntary hospitalization is not meant to all patients with psychiatric illnesses. In case one encounters a person displaying agitated behaviors, you should try to assist that person by reporting to stakeholders involved. By that, you may have saved the person, more importantly, ensuring there is no harm caused to other people.

References

Bowers, L. (2005). Reasons for admission and their implications for the nature of acute inpatient psychiatric nursing. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 12(2), 231-236.

Chow, W. S., & Priebe, S. (2013). Understanding psychiatric institutionalization: a conceptual review. BMC psychiatry, 13(1), 169.

Katsakou, C., Rose, D., Amos, T., Bowers, L., McCabe, R., Oliver, D., … & Priebe, S. (2012). Psychiatric patients’ views on why their involuntary hospitalisation was right or wrong: a qualitative study. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 47(7), 1169-1179.

Mitchell, A. J., & Selmes, T. (2007). Why don’t patients take their medicine? Reasons and solutions in psychiatry. Advances in psychiatric treatment, 13(5), 336-346.

Wang, D. W. L., & Colucci, E. (2017). Should compulsory admission to hospital be part of suicide prevention strategies?. BJPsych bulletin, 41(3), 169-171.

(Your Full Name)

(Lecturer)

(Course Title)

(Date)

Madame Bovary: Theme of Love and Romance

Introduction

Madame Bovary depicts love and romance in a different perspective from the moralists’ angle that would instead present the pair as pleasant social tools creating cohesion and unity in the family and the community. Perhaps the most logical criticism gains ground for the presentation of love within the family set up as an insignificant force that easily loses the battle to division, withdrawal and loss of direction. Painting romance as an attractive force disguised in an appealing package to destroy the family cannot only go unmentioned but form the fundamental theme of mistrust and infidelity within the family. The tone used by the author has come under intense criticism due to the openness and plain expression of extremes of love and passion in a way that moralists easily find offensive and obscene.

Love between parents and sons is however illustrated as a cause of concern for the contemporary parent who pays little attention to the development of the child due to the intense pressure experienced from outside the family. Keen interest for the parents enables the enumeration of the importance that love plays in molding children and sustaining the family as a moral building unit of the society that cannot be replaced by the best of training offered to the children. In the end, the tragic conclusion of the romantic story only achieves the best ever irony that opposing forces as good and evil can present as represented by a painful death as opposed to a life full of loving happiness (Byatt, para.3).

Love and Romance in the Novel

The novel rotates around the main characters of a family composed of the Bovary(ies), Dr. Bovary (father), Emma Bovary (mother) and Charles Bovary (son) joined early in the plot by Monsieur and Madame Homaise as well as later by Leon Dupuis, Rodolphe Boulanger and Monsieur Lheureux. The presentation of the young Bovary family in the beginning of the novel presents a naïve son arriving newly at school at a tender age within a backdrop of a father figure struggling with managing the meager family resources. Despite being a former army surgeon, the father is represented as an insensitive family man for having been unable to improve the living status of his family, partly due to the fact that they reside on a small farm and partly due to the fact that the son enrolls in a village school. Love for the family from a man with a relatively better financial background is remotely presented as everyone would imagine such a family to be living in a better environment and the children attending better schooling facilities (Flaubert, para.1). Such suspicion is confirmed in the mother-son conspiracy to black out the father from irresponsible behavior and episodes that the son experiences. As an illustration, Charles’ failure at the medical school goes unreported to the father but the mother’s input to save him from his laziness is projected even in arranging for a practice chance at village facility in Tostes.

In dealing with love and romance theme in a novel, Madame Bovary is a perfect representation of the way the (three main) women in the family handle love and romance issues to their advantage and most certainly to the downfall of the family and that of their own. The first Madame Bovary is Charles’ mother whose love for son gets blown out of proportion resulting to a spoilt son who, although looks presentable and sensible in many aspects, terribly fails where men of his age are supposed to clearly stand out. As a mother and a family woman, it is expected that a balance of love between the husband and sons would eventually lead to a happy family but she fails to bring up a good family due to her biased attention to self love and that of the son. Her family is depicted as a cold union which only presents a chain of disasters to the larger community than it would have been if she applied love to bond the family together in love related virtues. She takes over the role of parenting and her poor performance leads to frustrations of their only son in his encounters with romantic mismatches.

The second Madame Bovary is Heloise Dubuc whose tough stance on her husband only contributes to a difficult life for Charles as he comes to terms with a controlled life at the hands of his first young wife and the mother. Women are illustrated as controlling figures in various aspects as far as motherly love and romantic love is concerned before young men’s freedoms. Though short live, the romantic relationship presents a fair share of frustration of the young man’s life as he progresses to discovery of his love life and career. The third and most dominant Madame Bovary in the novel is Emma, an idealist, dreamer and perfectionist woman trapped in her confused perceptions of a romantic life from her marriage with Charles in his second marriage after the death of Heloise (Middletown, para.3). Her complete disorientation with the appropriate approach to love and romance results to further tribulations in her husband’s life through terrible encounters with extremes of experimentation with romance in the unforgiving external world. Minor characters are mainly men who crisscross Madame Bovary’s development of the plot translating to abuse of romance and love that ought to spell success of the family. The disjunction of love and family life is presented in a way that many novelists would love to capture, despite the inevitable moral issues found in the way of the best presentation as critics of the novel rush to point out.

The author depicts the relationship between the father and son obscured by the mother’s undivided attention to assist him come out of his improper bringing up. As a consequence of the imbalanced love relationship in the family, improper upbringing can be isolated in the behavior and attitudes that Charles develops in his school and after-school life. It is clear that the failure in the exam was as a result of a lazy approach to studies, skipping classes as well as improper prioritization of leisure time over study time while at school. A poor social life formation is illustrated after he leaves schools and is incapable of making his own choice of a wife, a role played for him by the mother who recommends Heloise Dubuc. The author depicts the role of the woman in the 19th century as reserved for lowly functions of the society such as finding a husband for sons as illustrated in the novel. Women social status had withdrawn them from other important roles of the society which makes romance as a strong area of their command in men’s lives (madamebovary.com, para.4).

Charles’ real encounters with romance and love intrigues begin when he encounters an old man (Rouault) as a fracture patient in the village in his practice as a doctor where he meets his lovely daughter, Emma. Frequenting the patient’s home is partly contributed by his job and partly by the admiration of Emma and he shifts his attention to her until his wife notices and a confrontation ensues (Flaubert and MacKenzie, 20). The author represents the scene as an irresponsible love attribute that Charles adopts early in his life, perhaps due to the upbringing and observation of love life embraced by his parents. It is clear that the romantic passions facing him could be as a result of the factors of his past experiences as well as a poor social life that prevented his complete development and discovery. Charles loses his young wife and finds a reason to pursue Emma where his love and romantic journey kicks off again (Byatt, para.5). The high expectations that Emma had for a married life are met with romance frustrations ranging from loss of her identity to sexual disappointment.

Charles’ second marriage is marked with terrible failure of romance within the union of marriage to such an extent that the perfectionist approach the Emma had to romance could not be explained by the mismatch in their marriage. Romance is depicted as a result of provocation from the media and perfect novel settings which are far from the real life experience, which could be the reason why most young women get frustrated when they begin to come to terms with the reality of normal romantic settings (Culler, 684). Perhaps misfortune in romantic experiences in the contemporary romantic life is fueled by the idealism in attitude and approach with which young women attach their romantic encounters from the surrounding picture of perfection painted by media and fictional romance literature. Seduction by Rodolphe Boulanger is blinding enough to lead Emma to her death during a ride as her desire of a perfect romantic experience takes her life at ransom. Painting romance and passion as strong enough forces to lead the human race to its perish is far from the reality of the theme as illustrated by the author as he coins lethal vagueness of romantic relationship with family breakups and social weakness. Adultery becomes a quick option for a solution for Emma’s unsatisfied romantic urges but ends to be the beginning of the self-destructive urges which never fail to be achieved.

Monsieur Homais and his family are represented as a perfect family union full of love despite the hardship in which the family’s home setting is given in the novel. Madame Homais intense love for her four children and husband is exceptional which enables her to extend the love of neighbors to a relative (Justin) and a boarder (Dupuis). Her lowly life approach assists her to deal with issues in her family and live within her means as opposed to Emma’s lavish life that blows her love life out of proportion.

Dupuis and Rodolphe are painted as romance experts who hold no value to genuine love but lust for women and illegal passion outside marriage. It is clear that the improper romantic conduct as displayed by such characters always ends them in trouble as much as it does to Emma, the main character in the novel. Abuse of love is represented in by severe consequences in form of financial difficulties as well as disorientation in work related engagements. As an illustration of misuse of romance is in the case of Emma’s encounter with Lheureux causing not only his financial downfall but also costing his own life through suicide. Lheureux deals in money lending business which is dangerously illustrated as a target of abuse by irregular romance encounters, almost always causing an end to such business (Flaubert and MacKenzie, 255).

Works Cited

“Madame Bovary: Celebrating Gustave Flaubert’s Famous Work” 26 February 2003, Web. HYPERLINK “http://www.madamebovary.com/” http://www.madamebovary.com/ (accessed 5 October 2011)

Byatt, A. S. “Scenes from a Provincial Life” 27 July 2002, Web. HYPERLINK “http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2002/jul/27/classics.asbyatt” http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2002/jul/27/classics.asbyatt (accessed 5 October 2011)

Culler, Jonathan D. “The Realism of Madame Bovary” MLM,(French Issue) 122.4(2007):683-696 DOI 10.1353/mln.2008.0007

Flaubert, Gaustave & MacKenzie, Raymond N. Madame Bovary: provincial lives. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing, 2009. Print

Flaubert, Gustave “Madame Bovary” 2011. Web. HYPERLINK “http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/bovary/section2.rhtml” http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/bovary/section2.rhtml (accessed 5 October 2011)

Middletown, Carol “Fiction Review: Reading Madame Bovary” 21 January 2011, Web. HYPERLINK “http://web.overland.org.au/2011/01/fiction-review-reading-madame-bovary/” http://web.overland.org.au/2011/01/fiction-review-reading-madame-bovary/ (accessed 5 October 2011)

Book Assignment: For Cause and Comrades

In The Best War Ever, Michael C. C. Adams discusses the myths that shaped society’s perceptions about World War Two and the generation that lived through the affair. However, Adams points out that this war and the generation that lived through it were not perfect and offers various examples that place the 1930s-1940s within a historical reality. For this assignment, students will select three factors that challenge the commonly held beliefs that World War Two and its generation were free of flaws or mistakes. The essay will be worth 100 points or 10% of the students’ final grade. The essay must be between 800 to 1,000 words.

How to set-up a Formal Essay:

Introduction:

It is important that you give credit to the author. You must mention that the information you will discuss in your paper derives from the work of Michael C.C. Admas. Introduce the author and the title of his work. In addition, make sure you cite direct quotes. This is also not a novel; novels are fiction.

In the thesis, you must introduce the topic (3 of the factors that challenge commonly held ideas about World War Two and its generation). The thesis must also include an argument that ties these three factors together.

Body of Essay:

Develops your main points about the topic using several paragraphs. Provides evidence and examples from the book to support your main points. Each paragraph in this section should have a topic sentence that informs the reader what the content of the paragraph will focus on. Discussing other topics that are not connected to the topic sentence will make your essay confusing and will detract from your argument. For the purpose of this paper, it is highly recommended that you use a paragraph to address each of the three factors. Remember that paragraphs consist of 4 to 5 sentences, along with transition sentences that blend the essay together.

Conclusion:

Sums up the essay and repeats the thesis sentence (not word by word, just a new and similar version of the thesis). Do not introduce new information in the conclusion.

Paper Layout:

This paper will be typed and printed. A hard copy must be turned-in to the instructor. The font will be Times New Roman 12point. The paper will have one-inch margins (if you have questions about this, please ask the instructor). The essay will also be double-spaced, but not the heading. The paper should also include a word count after the conclusion (ex. Word Count: 957). No cover page is necessary. Failure to follow these instructions will result in the loss of points.

Heading Example:

Raúl Muñoz (Your name!)

History 1302-****

MWF 8:05am-9:00amTitle of Paper

This information should be on the left-hand side of your paper and unlike the essay. Do not double-space heading.

Citations:

Formal citations (Chicago) for this paper are not necessary since the information will come from the assigned reading. However, short/informal citations should be used when using direct quotes and should only include the last name of the author and the page number. Below you will find an example of this citation format. No more than 5 direct quotes will be allowed, so pick your evidence wisely. On the other hand, you should include quotes that support the argument you are making in each paragraph. Quotes should not be longer than two lines. If the quote is long, phrase some of the information in your own words. Also, make sure you introduce each quote (examples are found below). Do not start paragraphs with quotes; use topic sentences.

Citation Example:

“Soldiers from other states were not far behind Texas in the rhetoric of revenge” (McPherson, 149).

Examples of Quote Introductions:

According to… “

The author notes that… “

McPherson mentions that… “

Essay Grading Rubric: 100 Points

Criteria Points

Thesis and Content (30 points)

____The essay includes a clear and concise thesis (10 points)

____The author and book title are mentioned in the intro (10 points)

____The length of the essay is adequate (10 points)

____ Supporting Quotes: Too many or not enough (-5 for each extra/missing)

Style, Grammar, Spelling, & Mechanics (20 points)

____Language is clear [grammar and punctuation] (10 points)

____Essay includes topic & transition sentences (10 points)

Organization (20 points)

____Essay is organized and follows the thesis (10 points)

____Essay includes introduction, conclusion, and body paragraphs (10 points)

Course Theme & Critical Thinking (30 points)

____Critical thinking is exhibited in the analysis/arguments (10 points)

____Understanding of the material is evident (10 points)

____Historical facts and context meets expectations (10 points)

A Shift from the Tradition

Name

Institution

A Shift from the Tradition

Introduction

Activists from varied backgrounds have been struggling to address different issues and challenges through various means, such as the development of suitable regulations and rules governing behaviors of people and operations of organizations and governments. Besides, humans tend to exhibit better and more aggressive strategies for addressing current issues and challenges as the world advances. People believe that their governments should adopt better strategies for addressing common problems such as climate change. Moreover, ‘offenders’ are trying to justify and defend their actions. Also, activist groups endeavor to present their concerns, aims, and strategies in new and improved versions to attract better meanings. Other persons explicitly and fearlessly elaborate on what they demand and want from their governments other than transpires currently. Still, other individuals believe that stereotyping and history are fierce weapons that hurt particular people while condoning others. Finally, humans tend to think that it is high time that they develop new and better meanings for their actions, things, and other elements to encourage the advancement of knowledge.

Thesis; Activists have become more sensitive, sincere, and aggressive in fighting for their rights and freedom.

Discussion

Government Strategies

People believe that their governments should adopt better strategies for addressing common issues such as climate change. Although various governments have established some approaches to tackling prevailing challenges, there exists room for improvement. For instance, activists believe that the Federal Government should develop a Green New Deal to handle climate change effectively (Ocasio-Cortez, 2019). The Federal Government has made some crucial steps with regards to strategies for addressing climate change; however, the activists argue that the government should make other adjustments and new developments to ensure that the approach emerges victorious. Besides, the activists claim that governments would develop appropriate strategies by engaging all stakeholders. Accordingly, the previously developed resolutions and policies for handling impending calamities and other common issues require reviews and revisions to remain effective and relevant. As the world advances, humans expand their knowledge and skills. Subsequently, decisions that were initially treated as highly-effective could become obsolete. As such, what governments are currently doing could fail to deliver the desired outcomes. Instead, some individuals could be suffering from current government strategies and operations. It is expectable that some undesired impacts of a development approach could emerge during the implementation stages because of specific reasons that may entail technological, political, environmental, or social changes. Thus, frequent reviews and revisions of pre-establish strategies and resolutions are inevitable if governments are to effectively and efficiently handle prevailing issues and challenges. Therefore, governments should shift development approaches that were drafted in the past to the most recent and improved ones.

Criminal and Undesired Acts

‘Offenders’ are trying to justify and defend their actions. Specifically, some individuals suggest that society has been restricting their activities and forcing them to believe in untrue events, things, and beliefs. For instance, hackers are treated as criminals yet they have just explored their superior capabilities, skills and knowledge (Mentor, 1986). Accordingly, the world appears to be existing and running under predetermined regulations and rules that are unfair to the ‘smart’ and more superior persons. That is, humans tend to live in a world where relevant authorities dictate what is right and wrong. Ironically, people who exercise what they learned in approved government schools are treated as criminals, suggesting that learning institutions prepare and develop criminals. Unfortunately, the governing bodies discourage the growth and development of knowledge and a better understanding of the world, circumstances, processes, and other things. Instead, governments use obsolete and irrelevant regulations as it strives to determine what constitutes a crime. Hence, governments should acknowledge and appreciate new developments and innovations rather than unwelcome them because they would unravel a new and better understanding of the world. Therefore, a shift from the previous perceptions of treating new developments as acts of criminals should be effected to allow the advancement of knowledge and development of the world.  

New and Improved Statements from Activist Groups

Also, activist groups endeavor to present their issues, aims, and strategies in new and improved versions to attract better meanings. As the world advances, people tend to uncover more details and gain a better understanding of their environment, processes, and behaviors. For instance, a group of Black feminists provides a new and improved meaning of the types and nature of the oppression they are fighting against, as well as their role and goal (Collective, 1983). Although the feminist group has been in operation since 1974, it finds it necessary to offer a better and developed meaning of its objective and the oppressions facing the Black women through the Combahee River Collective Statement. Various aspects that could entail time and knowledge limitation could force humans to understand the world and existing issues in a particular manner. Even so, people would enhance their knowledge and skills through different ways that could entail scientific research studies, accidental discoveries, and interactions with other persons. As a result, humans could find that what was initially treated as the best understanding of a situation, thing, or person has significantly improved and acquired a better meaning. Accordingly, activist groups would become irrelevant if they embrace an inflexible strategy that does not allow frequent reviews and revisions of their operating styles as well as target goals and objectives. Therefore, people should continuously review and revisit their beliefs, operating strategies, and understanding of the world to remain relevant and effective since knowledge develops over time. 

Activists’ New Demands from their Governments

Other persons explicitly and fearlessly elaborate on what they demand and want from their governments. Precisely, people who have been oppressed and mistreated by their governments are demanding fairness, justice, and rights. Such groups of individuals believe that the creator humans endowed each person with inalienable rights and freedoms. For example, the Black Panther’s ten-point program asserts that the Blacks have a right to land, clothing, and freedom because every human is equal before the creator of the universe and its occupants (Party, 1966). Also, they assert that their governments have been mistreating and oppressing them instead of protecting and caring for them. The government has been robbing the Blacks and forcefully recruiting them in the military service (Party, 1966). As such, they have come out to fight for their rights and demand for changes in governance to ensure a fairer society where everyone is treated and valued equally despite their differences in aspects such as race, color, or ethnicity. Besides, the group of protestors is not interested in retaliatory activities for the oppressions but requires a society where each person has equal rights, freedoms, and fair treatment. Thus, governments should adjust the way they operate and treat their people to encourage fairness, equality, and equity. As citizens become more informed about oppression from their governments, they come out and demand necessary changes rather than remaining silent and persevering as usual. Therefore, society is undergoing some vital shift from the previous regime where certain groups of individuals were oppressed and denied essential services and freedoms to a better community of fairness, justice, and equality.

History and Stereotyping

Still, other individuals believe that stereotyping and history are fierce weapons that hurt particular people in the community. That is, some individuals would be unfairly treated because of a previous incident that was unfavorable to them. As such, some activists have come out to fight against reference to such adverse events that facilitated undesired stereotypes. For example, history has negatively impacted on girls’ reputation (Hanna & Bikini, 1991). Since human is prone to errors and mistakes, it is unfair to rely on one or a few instances while making conclusive judgments. Specifically, such a limited number of occurrences could provide the wrong picture and information about a given group of individuals. For example, some incidents may present the positive e and desirable aspects of a person or group of people. At the same time, other instances provide the undesired elements of the same individual (s). Besides, history could deceive and mislead an individual on matters regarding decision making. Since humans tend to have varying perceptions, tastes, and opinions toward different things and circumstances, reliance on resources such as news articles and books could be deceiving because of the authors’ biases and stances. Unfortunately, an individual cannot prove history, especially in instances that occurred several centuries ago. Therefore, people should desist from the use of history while judging individuals or making other vital decisions. Instead, humans should embrace the use of current details to make sound decisions on specific subjects.   

Development of New and Alternative Knowledge and Understanding

Finally, humans believe that it is high time that they develop new and better meanings for their actions, things, and other elements to promote the advancement of knowledge. For instance, Hugo uses the term dada to elaborate and explain how one can improve their understandings and solve existing problems (Hugo, 1916). Accordingly, humans must embrace an open mind as they strive to advance their knowledge. An open-minded individual would probably learn new things, opinions, and ideas.

Consequently, humans would gain a better comprehension of their environment and actions by collecting, analyzing, and evaluating existing and new phenomena. As such, current and previous ideas, opinions, beliefs, perceptions, and understandings should not constrain people to behave and act in specific ways. Instead, humans should endeavor to develop their knowledge and skills by reviewing and modifying their knowledge and skills while promoting the development of new ones. Errors, mistakes, poor decisions and uncertainty could have shaped the current and previous understandings. Therefore, people should not always treat existing knowledge and information as the ultimate truth, instead, they should try and prove or improve them. As the world advances, new technologies and new knowledge emerge. Hence, the time has come when humans should not limit themselves to available knowledge and information, but endeavor to explore new ones. 

Conclusion

Overall, humans are undergoing lots of advancements with regards to how they understand the world and existing processes, people, things, and other aspects. Precisely, human knowledge tends to develop over time due to various developments that could entail technological advancement and scientific research studies. Accordingly, some activists have come out to provide a better understanding of their actions while engaging in more sincere, aggressive and sensitive fights for the rights and freedom of the oppressed as well as protection of the environment. Some protestors claim that their governments have been relying on unsuitable regulations and strategies while handling various issues that entail climate change. Besides, activists are more aggressive in fighting for the rights of certain individuals by claiming that the government is criminalizing their actions and superior capabilities. Similarly, some persons are demanding that their governments should compensate and treat them like other unoppressed citizens. Moreover, history and stereotyping are harmful tools that hurt certain groups of people. Thus, humans should always endeavor to learn new things while reviewing and revising existing knowledge to ensure that their understandings remain relevant. Therefore, people believe that a shift from the norm is inevitable for fairness in society and an improved understanding of the world, things, and human activities. 

References

Collective, C. R. (1983). The Combahee river collective statement. Home girls: A Black feminist anthology, 264-74.

Hanna, K., & Bikini, K. (1991). Riot grrrl manifesto. Bikini Kill, 2, 16-23.

Hugo, B. (1916). Hugo Ball’s Dada manifesto, July 1916.

Mentor, T. (1986). The hackers manifesto. Retrieved October, 10, 2004.

Ocasio-Cortez, A. (2019). RESOLUTION Recognizing the duty of the Federal Government to create a Green New Deal. Retrieved (02.08. 2019) from https://ocasio-cortez. house. gov/sites/ocasiocortez. house. gov/files/Resolution% 20on% 20a% 20Green% 20New% 20Deal. pdf.

Party, B. P. (1966). Ten Point Program. Marxist History: USA: Black Panther Party.

BODY AS A KEY SITE OF DOMINATION AND RESISTANCE

Student’s name

Course

Instructor

Date

Body as a key site of domination and resistance

Having been born in the year 1745 Equiano was arrested by the colonial masters at 11 years of age, he Equiano was first taken to the African master slaves, and with time he was taken to the white masters through whom he traveled to West Indies, where he was deployed as a slave. When he arrived, he stayed in Virginia for a short time, and even though he enjoyed this, it did not last, and then, he was taken to the British navy vessels, whereby he spent most of his time during the time of slavery. Henry Pascal was the man who gave him the slave name, which was ‘Gustavus Vassa.’. This was the name which he used most of his life. In 1763 he was purchased by Robert King, who was a Quaker merchant. He became happy after he was purchased as these Quaker merchants were known for being benevolent to their slaves; he is given a bit of leniency in how he was treated and generally how he interacted with them.

This made him, with time, arrive at a position where he could buy himself from slavery and live a virtually free life. Apart from the Quakers, the king was also benevolent, and it can be said that they were following in his way of life and how he did his activities. Therefore Gustavus Vassa, even though he experienced terrible things on his way up the ladder from poverty to the level of being able to purchase himself, still has some appreciation for slavery. This is because it helped him get to the level of traveling the world in such an excellent manner. He was a Nigerian, and through slavery, he traveled so much. After he bought himself from slavery, he also traveled a lot, and this was in order to call for the world to stop slavery and look for a better way to get their labor done in their farms in other places where there was needed labor.

From his writing, we realize that it is essential for individuals to realize their worth and rethink the place of slavery in society and its benefits and weaknesses. Even though he does not explicitly disagree with the concept of slavery, he disagrees with how slaves are treated and suggest that it is essential for slaves to be treated better. The idea of the body also comes up whereby Equiano discusses this as a state of being in a conflicting situation whereby a person wishes to be white. Therefore they do all crazy things to stop being black since blackness is associated with slavery, and it is one of the things the blacks hated.

Another view of the body from his writing is that muscular bodies were selected to become slaves, and there was a sharp comparison between the strong-bodied and the weak-bodied. This was because only the strong ones were selected, and to some extent, it made the people think that it would have been better if they were weak rather than healthy and well build. The final tenet of the body is the issue of women and men. Even though they all had bodies, they were treated differently. This meant that men did more hard jobs than ladies. However, the ladies were mistreated and were given less freedom. In some cases, they even became sex slaves, and for the lucky ones, they got to be loved by their masters, and they enjoyed better living standards than the everyday slaves.

In the first view about slavery, Equiano tries to wash his face to be the same as his playmate; Mary, but it cannot happen; therefore, he cannot understand why they are so different. This is the first instance of the body being discussed, and in this, we see that he begins to have questions about why he is different from mary, which brings conflict in his mind. We can also say that he has been made to believe that the whites are superior, and therefore this is what makes him wish to look like Mary and does not want Mary to look like him. This is always the first mistake in comparing the two races, whether in the everyday daily life or in slavery, as was the case for Equiano. Therefore the comparison here is of a bitter realization of the truth that they can never be the same, and therefore Equiano has to deal with his challenge of not accepting himself as he is. From this instance, we realize that the body became a fundamental concept of domination and resistance in that the qualities and characteristics of the whites’ bodies and those of the blacks were different, and it is this that brought out the differences in who dominated and who resistant. It is clearly shown that the whites dominated at the time of slavery while the blacks were always resisting being captured as slaves. Still, in the end, they do not get any benefit from this, and therefore they have to accept the fact that they are slaves and to accept to work for their masters as of that time who were the whites. Apart from the body color, which was a very crucial distinction between the whites and the blacks, we also get to realize that in the black population, there was a struggle between who was captured to become a slave and who was not.

The concept of body strength and health or strength is a concept that was always considered during the time of getting the slaves, and it was an intriguing issue. This is because families could think of how to survive without the man in the house if they were taken to be slaves. The mothers turned to be the replacement of fathers in the place who were brought to be slaves, and this was one of the most challenging kinds of shifts that had to happen most of the time. This made the African culture and way of life change excellently as the healthy people, and those believed to be the pillars of the society were taken away. This left a weak association, and it went ahead to create a better community in the west. Therefore this served as a critical component of resistance in that the men who were taken away always thought about their families and how they can make their families feel safe, yet they have been taken away. It was one of their most challenging periods as they tried to give hope to their families, but it was impossible.

The other concept of body is a comparison between the women and the men who were slaves. This comparison comes up in that women were likely to be lucky and get the attention of their masters, who in some instances even could give them less work and have mercy on them. This rare situation mostly happened whereby the ladies were pretty, and the masters had a desire to use them sexually. Therefore it was a two-way kind of consideration. It was not always perfect for the ladies, especially those who, after sexual relations with their masters, became pregnant and were unaccepted due to their offspring. Therefore, we can say explicitly that the people who arrested the body’s concept were highly abused during this period.

Apart from the issue of men leaving their families and society which they were protecting, they were also exposed to harsh conditions which made their lives in danger of sicknesses and other effects from the extreme environments in which they used to work in. This can be seen in the market for slaves, whereby most of the slaves who were being sold were stripped on their chest area to display how strong they were. This was done even though sometimes it was freezing, and this affected the slaves. Apart from this, their respect as human beings was never valued, and they were chained, which hurt them a lot whereby some of the slaves had to be thrown into the waters in case it was realized they could no longer make it to their destination.

The context of Equiano slavery can be termed as good and better in the last part of it as compared to the first part, which was not good. When he is captured at the age of eleven, Equiano is worried and does not know what to do since he is still a very young boy who wanted to live and be like other men. He had desired to be a young Nigerian strong man who could defend and protect his people and his reputation as a man. However, with the coming of slavery, he finds himself in a difficult situation as he is taken captive along with the other slaves who were captured and who included women, children, and men to be taken to be servants to the whites. Slavery took place between the 15th century to the 19th century. When he got his freedom, he wrote about his life as a slave and detailed everything that happened during those years, from the time he was captured at the age of 11 years and what it made him become when he was a free man.

The writing is a historical one and history, in this case, is of very great significance to the reader. This is because the history of slavery communicates to us and tries to tell us who we are and what kind of people existed before us. It helps us understand one another and at the same time focus on the future in a more positive desire to heal the wounds afflicted on the different blocks of people due to past offenses done to either of the blocks. This is because the effects of slavery are too many and affect a person to their most profound beings and the generations that come after them. This can be seen from the example of Equiano, who has changed his nationality and almost the whole of his life and belonging as a result of slavery.

The context in which this book is written shows us that life was tough for Equiano in the first part of him as a slave. Life was difficult because he could not enjoy the goodness of life as it was when he was a free boy in the Nigerian land where he got his family’s love, care, and protection. When he is taken a slave, this is abruptly cut off, and he becomes a member of another group of sufferers who never understand themselves and the context in which they find themselves. This is so because they get many issues at hand which they have to deal with. One of the most intriguing issues they cannot comprehend is the reason behind their fight and struggle, yet they have done nothing wrong. They struggle to understand why being themselves is being considered unsuitable, yet they are themselves. These are the questions that keep on arising in their minds, and a few of the naïve slaves tend to discuss this with their friends, and it difficult for them to understand.

The process of being captured into slavery goes from being captured freely by the black men who used to serve their white masters to the point whereby the white masters come in and buy the slaves. Most of the time, there was an exchange of slaves by buying and selling them. The reason why a person could sell their slaves was the fact that he or she never pleased the master or they did not have the qualities the masters wanted. After the capture on the mainland, the slaves were taken to the sea, whereby the significant means of transport in those times was through the water. Therefore the slaves were brought to America mostly, and a few of them were taken to Europe. The voyage was a nightmare to most slaves since, at any time, a slave could be thrown into the waters if they tried to resist, or they came up with issues that were not pleasant to their masters. Therefore at this point, the slaves had to behave in a particular manner that made them lovable by their masters to avoid risking too much for their lives still mattered to them.

Upon arrival at the destination, the slaves were always first shocked by the new way of life and the very many white people they encountered. Therefore the culture shock and the pressure for them to perform in anything they are being told to do makes them vulnerable and susceptible to be weakened from the different things they were going through. Their culture and social life are completely changed, and in their new places, they were almost of no origin because they had been cut off entirely from their people. Other parts of their lives which are changed are the social aspects, religious beliefs, clothing, social class, among other aspects of their lives.

Their religious beliefs are changed from the African traditional faith into Christianity which is so much stuffed with concepts to please the whites and never considered the blacks. Therefore religion was used to mistreat the slaves. This was especially true when the whites told them that the bible says that slaves should obey their masters; however, at the same time, it says that God created man and women equal, and there was no one above the other. This comes out as a contradiction, and it later brought revolutions due to the black people’s desire to be free of the rule of the white man. However, religion is also seen to make it possible for slaves to bear the issue they experience. When they encounter difficulties, they turn to God just like Equiano did and get their comfort by trusting and hoping that God will be available and make everything perfectly okay..

In conclusion, we can say that the purpose or the reason why Equiano wrote this text is mainly considered to be that he wanted to show the world how unjust the world is. He primarily focuses on slavery, which he suffered and which changed his life in so many ways, some of which he is unable to explain. Therefore he tries to show how society has always been unjust. Therefore, by focusing on this concept of injustice, the people should be able to rethink and bring about new ways to end it and make everyone equal in society. This means giving people autonomy to manage them and, through this helping them be who they are.

A RUMOR OF WAR

A rumor of war is a book which was written in 1977 by Philip Caputo. He talks about his life in the United States Marine Corps (USMC), in the early periods during the war of the Vietnam. He states that his book is not about history nor is it about any historical accusations, but it is about his personal experience. This book is divided into major three parts: The splendid Little War,

The splendid little war

This section describes Philip’s personal reasons for joining the USMC, training which followed after he joined and then his arrival in Vietnam. Caputo was a member of the Expeditionary Brigade of the USMC, which was the first troop unit sent to take part in the Vietnam war at a place called Da Nang. Their major function was merely a defensive one. They were supposed to set a perimeter around an airstrip to ensure that arrival and departure of military goods and personnel is safe. They first encountered a North Vietnamese Army and the Viet Cong which made them believe that their earlier thinking that the Vietnam War was small and unimportant was not justified.

The second part of the book talks about the officer in charge of the dead.

Lt. Caputo is assigned from his rifle company to go and work in the desk job documenting on the causalities. This promotion in the joint staff did not impress him because Capito was comfortable working in the rifle company duties such as in commanding infantry. Capito noticed that in his work as a senior officer were so much worried about trivial matters and not on strategy. He witnessed movies being played at night, risking the potentiality and devastating mortar attacks. He also witnessed corpses being treasured as hunting trophies and shown off to the major generals.

In the third part of this book, it talks about the in death’s grey land.

In this part, Caputo is reassigned to the rifle company. He noticed that the North Vietnamese Army and the Viet Cong were very brutal and they were skilled fighters who had earning a grudging respect of American soldiers. He described his fellow marine officers as a having stopped for the epic World War II and they had learned to detect booby traps to counter snipe and comb the jungle in searching for enemy bunkers and their rations. He did this work until one day when the troops who were under his command shot two suspects deliberately, he had to assume full responsibility and faced the court martial. He was relieved his command and the charges were dropped later and then reassigned to another trooping camp in North Carolina from where he received an honorable discharge from the service.

In the epilogue, which took almost ten years after the end of his duty, Philip returned to Vietnam as a war journalist for the newspaper. He still remembers his experience and the every bit of the story floods in his mind when especially he witnessed the fall of the great Saigon to the North Vietnam. Caputo Philip left Vietnam on April twenty ninety of nineteen seventy five. A postscript which was published in 1996 gives the details of the whole experiences and anxieties Caputo went through while writing his memoir, and the difficulties he had in handling his fame and the notoriety after his publication.

From the way most people who read this book comment, we discover that AS rumor of War is one of the elite pantheon books in the Vietnam War along with Michael Herr’s Dispatches, Tim O’Brien’s going after Cacciato and the Things They carried. He books generally talks about life of Lt. Caputo, and the things which led him to elsit in 1965 so as to satisfy his romantic ideas about the war.