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Bondy, Elizabeth, and Dorene D. Ross. “The teacher as warm demander.” Educational Leadership 66.1 (2008): 54-58.

In this article, the author discusses ways a teacher can engage a classroom. Let students believe that you care-and will not stop to. “Many teachers in high-poverty schools struggle to establish a positive classroom environment” (4). Their level of caring does not match the needs of these disengaged children and it thus does not make a difference. “What is missing is not skill in lesson planning, but a teacher stance that communicates both warmth and a non-negotiable demand for student effort and mutual respect” (5). This is what is referred to as the warm demander, a stance used to sustain engagement in high poverty schools. “Although warm demanders may become frustrated by student behavior, they accept problems as normal, and they believe in students’ ability to improve” (23). This article had me believe that teachers despite having little control over various aspects of school engagement, they have the capacity to create supportive climates that allow for engagement among these group of students

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A Rose for Emily Literary Analysis

Faulkner’s most famous and popular short story, ‘A Rose for Emily” is a story which evokes strong emotion through the use of a good blend of plot, character, setting and other literary techniques to enhance the effectiveness of the story as a whole. The main character Miss Emily Grierson’s deranged behavior elicits many questions on the mind of the reader regarding her mental faculties. On a whole perspective, the story centers on Emily who is deeply admired by the community which is defined as a tradition or a fallen monument. On the contrary, Emily is a person who has a very dark heart given the way she handles her lover. The act of poisoning and killing her lover shows that she has a dark heart inside. The story is an exposé on the life of Emily who is a character that is aristocratic on one part in addition to harboring secret unspeakable secrets. Different literary devices are used to enhance the effectiveness of the message by making it be delivered in an easily understandable form.

Setting

The theatre upon which the story is based is in and old house and in an equally old town. The setting is comparably rich in Faulkner. He creates his town to be the auditorium of his story. Mississippi Yoknapatawpha is the setting upon which all the action takes place where it encompasses the last living days of Grierson. Major of the action that unfolds in the story is based on the situations that arose when their way of life changed drastically making them more confused on how to change their life to incorporate a new cultural perspective. On the essence of the time setting of the story, the story runs from the time Miss Emily Grierson was born to a time when she died of old age. As such, the story covers over sixty years of the life of the main character. Major events unfold during those years as depicted in the story. For instance, some of the major events that dot the time frame include the short illness and eventual death of her father and the time she met her lover during the summer to be specific. It was at this time that slavery had just ended and the middle class was gaining relevance by the day. Emily and her family were rich and with lots of slaves. As a result, the story quite compares the traditional versus the nontraditional and the conflict of the old versus the new. After the death of Emily’s father, their life is bleak since everything that they once held close to their heart was changed in a moment. Her father meant a lot to her as evidenced by the emptiness of life that she had to grapple with after he left. She is left to figure life on her own. This contributed greatly to her madness and a poor sense of judgment. For instance, due to the controlling nature of her father, she found it hard to live with Homer. She felt that she needed someone to lead her again that eventually causing her to kill him. Additionally, the author effectively depicts how Emily thrives in a world of timeless vacuum and of her creation. Literary speaking, the story is a rich blend of setting as it richly unfolds in the life of Emily.

Symbolism

William used symbols in a way that creates meaning and emotion in the story. There are different ways that the author has used to symbolically represent different aspects of the story. One of the ways through which the author achieves this is through the use of metaphors and allegory. Emily’s house just like the owner is a perfect representation of a world which is dying around her. The house was built during and after the era of reconstruction that was in the 1870s. Southern aristocracy was slowly diminishing. The house is an extension of the life of Emily. For instance, it owes its, “stubborn and coquettish decay” to the residents of the town. It depicts the tradition of both fortitude and preserving the culture that was seemingly getting out of the town’s people. Emily’s ‘house is an emblem of alienation, mental incapacity, and eventual death. For instance, the author notes that it is a shrine which still thrives it its past .

The past is a slave of the present time. The house depicts the past life which Emily was not ready to leave behind. Just as the house is ugly on the outside, the inside is not very different. The inside is purely nightmarish. Literary is was a tomb. Through this, the story gains relevance in an ever-changing cultural landscape. Many residents of the town were fascinated by the house just like the owner. It was a fascination to many. It is evidenced to a time when they sprinkled lime on the foundation of the property which would, in turn, counteract the stench of the foul that emanated from the bedroom of Emily which harbored a dead man. It is a struggle to leave the past as evidenced by the author. The past is, therefore, a symbol of oneness and togetherness. Each of the town people has their interpretation of the happenings in the bedroom of one of their neighbors. Ultimately, the death of Emily represents a time when the residents of the town had the freedom to pore into the secret life of Emily and understand her wildest notions and logics upon which her thoughts were centered on. Effectively, it was upon them to break the realm of the past and embrace the future.

In addition to that, the strand of hair is a symbol of love and the tricky things that people engage in in the pursuit of their happiness. Consequently, a strand of hair is effectively used by the author to remind of lost love. Moreover, it reveals the inner life of a woman who is committed to living life as defined by her way of thinking without the influence of the society and neighbors in general. She did not live with the approval of others. Symbolically, the strand of hair is an emblem of a person who undergoes a struggle of subscribing to the status quo. Emily lives in her world where she is not easily influenced by the definition of others, and it’s very shocking considering her definition of life. The narrator effectively uses foreshadow to symbolize a life of transformation as she passes through life. As a symbol of aging and change, the story shows how life has changed over time. Her hair grows changes slowly until it becomes a “vigorous iron-gray”. It is a representation of the fragility of life. Her hair becomes more grizzled as she ages.

Motifs

A motif is an idea or image that is recurring thus helping to develop the theme in a piece of work. Eventually, as seen in the story, this is achieved in through different ways. One of the major ways this is achieved is through the recurrence of ideas and images. The dust has been consistently used by the author to show the decay and decline that prominently takes place in the story. The dust as it is depicted by the author is in a perfect accompaniment of the life of the residents as it fades into uncertainty. For instance, when the elected city council members come to secure Emily’s annual tax payments, her house has a unique smell which resembles that of dust and disuse. It is an air of unconditional change and periodic laxity. Dust collects as the aldermen frequently move around the room. As it rises, it obscures the men from understanding the kind of life as envisioned by Emily. The dust serves to protect the main character of Emily from the men. As a result, the men cannot understand the relationship that Emily has of obscurity in the face of uncertainty. The true nature of Emily does not come out clearly since the presence of dust is oppressive. Despite being everywhere, it is more ominous here given the magnitude of the current situation.

Another motif that is prevalent in the story is the act of watching. The author of the story has used this motif to amplify the importance of the changing nature of events in the life of Emily. Emily is under intense scrutiny from the narrator and the general public. Consequently, the life of Emily undergoes a multifaceted and intense speculation from the neighbors. The towns’ people are often interpreting the life on one of them despite having little knowledge of her. Attending her funeral in full glamor of respect and honor show that the intention of the people is to satisfy their inner curiosity of the woman underscores the main point of loyalty to their own. However, despite all the scrutiny, they never get close to knowing the true nature of Emily’s life in any perspective. As a result, Emily becomes a figure that is observed only from the eyes of onlookers with a vague picture of reality. The author has succeeded in making the true nature of Emily a mystery to the people of the town. As a result, the story creates a feeling of emptiness and that of satisfaction on the mind of the reader. She is an idol of admiration and anonymity. Despite giving clues, she is a secret. They don’t grasp the true identity of Emily. It is only after she is dead that her true identity is revealed (Vanhelleputte, 16).

Irony

Irony’ Irony is prevalent throughout the text.one of the prominent instances of irony in the story is that of Emily claiming to loving Homer. Instead of death separating them, it forms their union. This is ironic. She murdered the man she loved to create a bond that lasted through eternity. Situational irony is where something happens in a story that is quite the opposite of what the reader expects. In the story, the reader does not think that the dead body of Homer is packed in the house. Following the death of Emily’s father and the hardships that follow, she is still well revered in the community. She is considered an upper-class citizen. Once Homer moves into the town, he begins dating Emily. He represents the north during the civil war era. It is ironical that Emily accepts a man with a very different cultural background into her life. Love is a beautiful thing that surpasses thoughts and traditions. Emily knows this too well and would like to experiment on it. She is not expected to court a man of that social background. The type of irony, in this case, is referred to as situational irony. It is very ironical given the turn of events. Faulkner effectively utilizes this device to bring about an air of uncertainty in the story. Effectively, this strengthens the relevance of the message. When something completely frustrates the expectations of the reader, it is a shift in the plot of the story. Shifting the story consequently brings about an insistence on a major theme. As a carpetbagger, he was not expected to court one of the most revered women in the town. The irony of the situation is that the Southerners were only expected to marry the southern men (Muecke). He broke out of this cocoon and ended up with a woman with deeper desires than he would provide eventually.

The narrator effectively exemplifies the use of the pronoun “we.” This effectively creates a different picture in the mind of the reader by incorporating all the thoughts of the people of the town. She is thus given the idea of a heroine. A collection of images is thereby created, thus creating a communal thought on a perspective. Effectively, the narration successfully creates a notion of communal consciousness and peculiar sapience. Being the only point of focus causes her to be the main character amidst the multitude of people with different vested interests. The narrator contributes to the development of the plot by impacting on the overall objectivity of the story. This is because, despite the first narrator speaking as a single narrator, he speaks on behalf of the people of the big town. Unity and togetherness are witnessed here. Consequently, the story takes an impersonal approach. Making it impersonal creates an air of imbalance since the reader is left to read the story in a multifaceted approach.

Effectively, the plot moves forward thus instilling more interest in the mind of the reader. The reader is thus left to make assumptions and thoughts. The author was objective in using the first person narrator and thoughts in the story. A major unexpected twist of events takes place at the end of the story. The author knew perfectly well that the end of the story would make all the difference. A difference not seen by the reader even without making guesses. The nature of Emily’s life is full of mystery and darkness. She us the only one who knows her deep longings which she cannot share with anyone. There are many ways of fighting hopelessness and she knew none of it. This effectively exemplifies the nature of Emily’s life. This creates an impact that is powerful encompassing the whole story.

The story is not driven by events. Instead, they whole point of the plot of the story is to reveal the character of Miss Emily and the circumstances of her life. For instance, she runs of from the people who are sent by the authorities to ask her to pay her tax. When the men come sprinkling to counter the horrible smell, she is seen watching them from a distance. The story is a reactionary story driven by circumstances quite contrasting the common nature of stories that are action driven. It is not sequential. Most of the actions that she makes sparks interest in the interest of the town’s people. On the other hand, the people of the town are left to explain the kind of life one of them is living. Her actions are simply for sparking interest in the minds of the people of the town. The story has been effective in detailing the life of a selfish and lonely woman. The use of motifs, imagery, irony blended in a perfect setting effectively conveys the major themes in the story of change and death. Death looms throughout the story. This is brought to life by using literary devices which effectively pass out the message in the story.

Works Cited

Muecke, Douglas Colin. Irony and the Ironic. Vol. 12. Taylor & Francis, 2017.

Vanhelleputte, Michael. “The Concept of Motif in Literature: A Terminological Study.” The Return of Thematic Criticism(1993): 92-105.

Economics

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Question 2

Figures 1 and 2 prove that no economic profit is possible for firms in a perfectly competitive market, any gain in profits a firm makes by alterations in the equilibrium price or quantity by a single firm will be offset by a loss in efficiency, price or quantity produced. The equilibrium in the long run will always remain at the point where MR = MC.

In choosing the best production mix, we are assuming that the firm’s management is rational in making the decisions they make and that consumers are also rational and will choose the product that best suits them at the best suitable prices.

Profit maximization occurs at the output level which corresponds with the equality point between marginal costs and marginal revenue given that a profit maximizing firm operates at a point where total revenue less total cost is highest. In the Long run the firm will have to explore different options.

Output Q1 with Average cost 1

Output Q2 with AC3

Output Q3 with AC3

Output Q4 with AC2

All the production combinations above the LRAC are attainable but not realistic, while all the combinations below it are unrealistic for a firm focused on profit maximisation.

At Q1 the firm is producing but at a level below potential, given the resource mix present. As the firm takes advantage of economies of scale and becomes more efficient, it will start enjoying increasing returns to scale. As firms expand, the economies of scale will come from factors such as more availability of cheap credit, more specialization of its labour, more discounts and bargaining power among others. The point Q2 is referred to as minimum efficient point, which is the point at which a firm has exhausted its economies of scale.

Over a certain range of output (Q2 – Q3), the Average cost could be constant but after some time, the benefits brought about by the economies of scale will start getting eroded. The erosion will arise from factors such as rising administrative costs, increased investments in capital goods such as space and equipment. The management will also start meeting challenges and this and other factors will cause the average cost to rise from here. The returns to scale will also start to decrease resulting to diseconomies of scale.

Question 3: The Perfect Market

A perfect market or perfect competition is hypothetically a market where competition is at its best. The neo-classical theory proffered that this is the market form that would yield the outcomes that would best suit all stakeholders; society, consumers and producers. The competitive market theory operates under certain assumptions.

Assumptions behind perfect competition (Miller 2001)

Conclusion

In the world today, there exist very few markets that can be said to be perfectly competitive. Although the model can be termed as unrealistic, it is applicable in some instances, for example, in most of the primary markets and commodity markets especially coffee and tea, the assumptions are not very farfetched. This is especially when you consider the number of producers involved and their lack of power to influence prices. Even though this type of competition has been challenged in the manufacturing and other industries, it still remains important as a yardstick for evaluating the competition levels in real markets.

References

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Baumol, W & Blackman, S 2001, Perfect markets and easy virtue: business ethics and the invisible hand, Cambridge, Mass., USA, B. Blackwell.

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Cassidy, J 2009, How markets fail: the logic of economic calamities, New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Black, J 2002, Perfect Markets and Economics today,Top of Form Cambridge, MA, MIT Press.

Miller, R 2001, Paving Wall Street: experimental economics and the quest for the perfect market, New York, Wiley.

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Mental Health and a Propensity of Homicides and Serial Killing

Homicides and serial killing are among the worst crimes which are tackled by the criminal justice system. As a result, a lot of scholarly research has been directed towards the investigation of homicides and serial killers, within the domain of criminal justice. Most of the research published in criminology journals usually point to transdisciplinary findings which correlate homicides and serial killing to mental health conditions and illnesses. Since mental health falls within the domain of healthcare, it presents a situation whereby the burden felt by the criminal justice system could be alleviated by efforts from the healthcare system (Sturup). This shows that incidents of serial killing and homicides could potentially decline if mental health is prioritized in healthcare agenda setting. However, since the rates of homicides and serial killing have been on a rising trend, it can be attributed to the limited access to mental healthcare services.

Homicide propensity can be correlated to diagnosable mental health conditions. That is, the mentally healthy have less likelihood to commit homicide or serial killing compared to those afflicted with psychosis or sociopathy. If one does not have an appropriate treatment plan in place, and there are also other stressors present in one’s life (especially family-related), then one’s likelihood of committing homicide increases dramatically (Skeem et al.). Based on data collected by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, it has been determined that up to two-thirds of those incarcerated for homicide had some diagnosable mental condition when the crime was committed (Sturup). This includes all types of mental illnesses, from psychotic disorders to sociopathy. What is striking about this data is not so much the correlation between mental health and future homicidal behavior, but in many cases one can see the genesis of homicides. Most homicides will start as a psychopathic-fueled urge that builds over time, eventually becoming overwhelming and leading to action. The urge can be triggered by a stressor, particularly when it is associated with some past trauma or an unresolved conflict or resentment.

While highlighting the correlation between mental health conditions and the propensity of being involved in homicides and serial killing, it is important to acknowledge the influence of additional mitigating factors. For example, whereas the rise in cases of homicides and serial killing can be attributed to mental health conditions, other mitigating factors include gun laws and regulations also affect rates of homicides and serial killing. In locations where ownership of firearms is widespread, there tends to be high rates of homicides and serial killing (Fox and Fridel). However, the relationship between possession of firearms and a propensity to commit homicides or serial killing is not as strong as the correlation between homicides and mental health.

The criminal justice system has not followed a strategy focused on mental health services. Specific emphasis on targeting mental health services has not been done by the various key players in the criminal justice system. One main reason for the inadequate efforts is that resources are limited and focused attention would either be given to other areas or on other high priority initiatives (Freudenberg and Heller). In cases where governmental decisions are based on private sector interests, the medical system could prioritize medical insurance or prescription drugs instead of mental health services. Therefore, law enforcement agencies and criminal justice systems should have more involvement in healthcare policies to ensure that proper medical care is provided to individuals with mental health issues.

To address this issue, there are certain strategies which could be put in place to decrease the crime rate. One of them is by raising the priority given to mental health in healthcare policymaking. This would also lead to improvement on the accessibility of mental health services, especially for those who face financial constraints. In order for this strategy to work, there is a need for researchers and policymakers to come up with policies which facilitate the broader access of health services. This can include making sure that mental healthcare practitioners are sufficient in number so as not to hinder the delivery of mental healthcare services particularly in rural areas (Sarteschi). In addition, hospitals and health centers should work harmoniously together to facilitate the delivery of mental healthcare services.

Whereas lack of access to mental healthcare is problematic to the whole society, there are populations which are affected more. And some of these groups are vulnerable to negative effects of lack of access to mental healthcare services. For example, people living in poverty or rural areas. People living in poverty are at a higher risk of experiencing mental disorders as they are exposed to higher risks of stressors such as life stressors (e.g. financial difficulties, divorce, abuse), and chronic illness (e.g. diabetes, osteoporosis). At the same time, the chance of having access to healthcare is lower compared to those who live in better off circumstances and can pay for medical services necessary for treating their mental illnesses (Skeem et al.). Health insurance premiums may be expensive for them and thus it is harder for them to seek treatment.

Also, due to financial difficulties, people living in poverty are less likely to receive adequate medical treatment for their mental illness. Many people may be reluctant to accept those in poverty as patients, and thus they may prescribe more drugs but not take time to figure out the underlying reason behind the mental illness and come up with a holistic treatment plan. If a person living in poverty seeks private mental health care, the cost of such services can cause them to fall into deeper debt (Cook et al.). Moreover, they may avoid seeking health care due to fear of stigma as many believe that there is no hope for them. Thus many stay with their mental disorder un-diagnosed and untreated.

People living in rural areas are also at a higher risk of mental disorders due to isolation and limited resources to seek medical treatment. When there is little social support, the likelihood of depression is greater. Moreover, there are more obstacles in seeking mental health care services as they may have to travel long distances to reach a clinic that offers mental health care services (Cook et al.). Additionally, there may be fewer clinics which offer mental health care services. Additionally, those who live in rural areas may be reluctant to seek help due to fear of stigma and other factors mentioned above.

Mental healthcare services are hard to come by in many parts of the world. In the developed world, it’s a little easier to get help when you need it. But there is still a long way to go before mental health matters anywhere near as much as physical health does. However, there are many things that can be done to improve mental healthcare access. The first step is to make mental healthcare more widespread and accepted (Sugie and Turney). This could be done by publicizing the issue more and encouraging people to seek help sooner.

Another thing that needs to happen is that families need to be able to recognize the signs of mental health issues, rather than assuming it’s just youthful rebellion or "just stress" and doing nothing about it. If mental health problems are recognized early, then there may be a chance to treat them. This is an example of a proactive measure which emphasizes prevention. Mental problems are just as treatable and preventable as physical issues (Sugie and Turney). But if there is, again, the common attitude that all mental health problems are ‘just stress’ or ‘youthful rebellion’, then people will assume they don’t need to seek help, and the problem will only get worse, potentially resulting in cases of homicide and serial killing.

Another step in making mental healthcare more widely available is to make people more aware of it–not just the general public, but doctors too. Making them aware can be done through publicizing it and also by government regulation. Mental healthcare needs to be considered a necessary part of any decent standard of living or quality of life. It needs to be considered as important as physical health care. Such prioritization will even lead to the setting aside of adequate funds to finance mental health programs.

The criminal justice system, therefore, has an important role to play when it comes to proactively addressing the problem of rising cases of homicides from a healthcare perspective. Criminal justice agencies need to provide access to basic mental healthcare for first-time offenders and keep them engaged with their providers so that underlying mental health conditions can be detected before it escalates (Culhane et al.). They also need to work closely with the caregivers and clinicians who treat people with a serious mental illness to ensure that these patients receive the help they need, whether in or out of prison (Skeem et al.). This will not only promote stability for these individuals but will also lead to falls in cases of homicides, serial killings, and other crimes related to mental health uncertainties.

Criminal justice agencies must also be able to identify mentally ill individuals who are in danger of harming themselves or others, and provide an environment where they can receive the help that they need. As mental illness is often a generational thing, this means placing at-risk individuals in facilities that have been designated as high security. Proper measures must be put in place to prevent staff members from getting access to these individuals’ medical records (Skeem et al.). This will ensure that the people with a severe mental illness who may pose a danger to themselves and others are continually monitored while they receive healthcare.

Lastly, criminal justice agencies must encourage local government officials to work on developing programs that proactively address mental health issues such as poverty, unemployment, and drug abuse (Freudenberg and Heller). These conditions may be the underlying reasons for the rise in cases of homicides and serial killing in many impoverished communities. Programs like these will allow community leaders to identify individuals who are at a risk of committing criminal offenses and provide them with the help they need to lead stable lives.

Works Cited

Cook, Benjamin Lê, et al. “A Review of Mental Health and Mental Health Care Disparities Research: 2011-2014.” Medical Care Research and Review, vol. 76, no. 6, June 2018, pp. 683–710, https://doi.org/10.1177/1077558718780592.

Culhane, Scott E., et al. “Serial Homicide Perpetrators’ Self-Reported Psychopathy and Criminal Thinking.” Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, vol. 34, no. 1, Nov. 2017, pp. 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-017-9245-x.

Fox, James Alan, and Emma E. Fridel. “The Tenuous Connections Involving Mass Shootings, Mental Illness, and Gun Laws.” Violence and Gender, vol. 3, no. 1, Mar. 2016, pp. 14–19, https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2015.0054.

Freudenberg, Nicholas, and Daliah Heller. “A Review of Opportunities to Improve the Health of People Involved in the Criminal Justice System in the United States.” Annual Review of Public Health, vol. 37, no. 1, Mar. 2016, pp. 313–33, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032315-021420.

Sarteschi, Christine M. Mass and Serial Murder in America. Springer, 2016.

Skeem, Jennifer L., et al. “Applicability of the Risk-Need-Responsivity Model to Persons with Mental Illness Involved in the Criminal Justice System.” Psychiatric Services, vol. 66, no. 9, Sept. 2015, pp. 916–22, https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201400448.

Sturup, Joakim. “Comparing Serial Homicides to Single Homicides: A Study of Prevalence, Offender, and Offence Characteristics in Sweden.” Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, vol. 15, no. 2, Mar. 2018, pp. 75–89, https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.1500.

Sugie, Naomi F., and Kristin Turney. “Beyond Incarceration: Criminal Justice Contact and Mental Health.” American Sociological Review, vol. 82, no. 4, July 2017, pp. 719–43, https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122417713188.

Mental Health Clinic Assignment

PSY 201G: Introduction to Psychology

Imagine you are tasked with designing a new mental health clinic to be established within your community.  While completing this assignment, you will reflect on all of the psychological principles, concepts, and theories learned in Introduction to Psychology. You may complete this assignment by either creating a PowerPoint (preferred) or writing a paper.

PowerPoint Option = at least 10 slides addressing the points. Include a reference slide. The reference slide must cite all sources using APA formatting.

Paper Option = at least 2 pages, double spaced. Use 12 point font. Also be sure to include a reference page citing all sources using APA format.

See the grading rubric for detailed expectations for each of the following requirements: 

Name of the mental health clinic – 5 points

Mission statement (i.e. purpose of the mental clinic) – 5 points

The mission statement should illustrate the purpose of the mental clinic by incorporating the overall goal of the clinic and the target population. Therefore, you should wait to draft this after you determine the target population and mental health issues to be addressed.  

Goals of the clinic (short term and long term) – 5 points

Short term goals are goals that you hope to accomplish within the next six months.

Your long term goals could list goals for after the first six months and/or a year or many years down the road.

Proper goals should be guided by the clinic’s mission statement, meaning the clinic’s purpose.

Target population (all ages, teens, adults, veterans, etc.) – 5 points

Are you serving everyone in the community or do you want to limit the target population to a specific group of people?

Justify the need for the clinic by analyzing specific mental health issues the clinic will address and why the need for the clinic is present – 20 points

For example, if you select the whole community as a target population, be sure to justify the need for the whole community. Alternatively, if you select to serve teens, justify the need for services for them.

This is a good section to bring in statistics from outside sources. You will analyze the statistics to help justify the need.

Describe the type or types of psychology that will serve as the foundation for the clinic (i.e. functionalism, behaviorism, positive, etc.) – 20 points

Selection of the type or types of psychology used by the clinic, will help guide the type or types of therapies the clinic will use. Remember, functionalism, behaviorism, positive psychology, and all the others are schools of thought that guide mental health practitioners.

List the type or types of therapies the clinic will use and explain how the therapies will help the target population and needs of the community – 15 points

Examine how the clinic will approach cultural diversity – 15 points

How will the clinic address the needs of a diverse population?

Any additional, relevant information

Conclusion – 5 points

Conclusions do not add new information. Conclusions summarize the key points in a comprehensive manner.

All references must be cited (APA formatting)/Grammar – 5 points

Question 1

Macroeconomics differentiate between the real economy and the…

a) …monetary economy.

b) …virtual economy.

c) …normative economy.

d) …underground economy.

Question 2

During the First World War, prices…

a) …fluctuated up and down with high magnitudes but no trend

b) …showed a procyclical trend

c) …showed a countercyclical trend

d) …were as likely to fall as they were to rise (trendless)

Question 3

Define aggregate demand

a) … a concept used to show the total demand for goods and services in an economy

b) …economic fluctuations were the cumulative result of mistakes made by businesses and households in an uncertain world.

c) …government demand could be used to smooth fluctuations in aggregate output and income.

d) …supply creates its own demand through the circular flow of economic activity.

Question 4

In order to influence spending on goods and services in the short-run, monetary policy is directed at directly influencing…

a) …unemployment rates.

b) …inflation rates.

c) …interest rates.

d) …economic growth rates.

Question 5

In order to influence spending on goods and services in the short-run, monetary policy is directed at directly influencing…

a) …unemployment rates.

b) …inflation rates.

c) …interest rates.

d) …economic growth rates.

Question 6

Economics that passes judgment, or provides advice on policy actions is called

a) …positive economics

b) …negative economics

c) …normative economics

d) …descriptive economics

HUMAN SIDE MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP

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According to McManus (2006), The Human side of management can be defined as the control or guide, to have control or to succeed in doing. In line with the writer it absolutely was mentioned that excellent managing needs management to know a few hard lessons connected with generally there personal. In lots of companies we’ve got go to realize that lots of the battles that they deal with result from upper managing roles for example the managers. In many cases whenever a staff can be questioned in relation to the career they will often largely protest in relation to managing. The purpose of this paper is to identify the critical business functions and how they interact in order to position the organization to be effective in the current business environment and to explain the importance of the integration of individuals and systems to organizational effectiveness.

Quoting Hersey & Blanchard (1982), the largest filter which in turn operators apparently deal with are towards change, advancement along with brand-new suggestions it is quite normally a managing difficulty. Often, the employees’ perception is that they would carry out a better job as compared to their particular employers. Rehearsing this specific common profession, management, involving operations calls for people who exhibit various abilities who are going to seek for to help promote improve the company. Search carefully on any company throughout issues, and you’ll most likely discover that the thing is administration. Question employees with regards to their own careers, and they’ll rumble with regards to administration. Study significant corporations, and you’ll learn that the largest buffer to vary, creativity, and brand new concepts can be quite frequently administration.

Any time employees perform well with their own careers, lots of that might have to do with the guidance and mentor-ship of their professionals. Employees’ performance in their jobs can be associated with the structure of leadership and management guiding them. It is easy to note a company which is well managed through the performance of its own staff. Management is the core to a company’s and any business’ output. And so when a manager will be accomplishing well, therefore may be the staff along with vice- versa, as well as the identical holds true with regard to efficiency.

Being a leader, you’ll want to connect to your enthusiasts, colleagues, leaders, while others; as they give you support have to have in order to attain your aims. To find their own help, you will need to be capable of fully grasping in addition to encourage all of them. To know in addition to encourage men and women, you will need to realize human character. Human being character could be the common characteristics off individuals. Individuals act in accordance with particular guidelines associated with human character.

Human beings needs are generally an essential portion of human character. Beliefs and values, in addition to pursuits differ from state to state and even inside of groups, however in basic, everybody use several standard needs. Being a leader you will need to fully grasp these kinds of needs simply because they are often potent motivators.

Good leaders have several admirable values and aspects which include:

1. Esteem: Good leaders have few doubts if any about themselves. They always have the urge to move up the world of leadership.

2. Belongingness and love: As a leader, one should feel that they belong to a certain group. A leader should love their employees as well as their seniors.

3. Self-actualization: This is the quality of knowing exactly who you are, what one wants to accomplish and where they are going. This makes the leader to be able not only set goals for themselves but also for the organization.

4. A good leader should be cognitive. They should be free to accept valuable input and opinions from their juniors as well as their seniors. This is valuable because the output of a company depends on the best ideas not the ideas of the manager. Juniors have so much knowledge which needs to be harnessed.

5. Self-transcendence — this is a quality that emphasizes on visionary intuition, altruism, and unity consciousness. Good managers should be united to their juniors to motivate them to be more productive.

References

McManus, J. (2006). Leadership project and human capital management. Amsterdam:Butterworth-Heinemann.Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K. H. (1982) .Management of organizational behavior: utilizinghuman resources (4th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. Austin, D. M. (2002). Human services management organizational leadership in socialwork practice. New York: Columbia University Press.

A Rose for Emily

Name

Institution

A Rose for Emily

William Faulkner’s story a Rose of Emily captures the predicament of Emily, a lady who was concealed form the world by her father and ended up suffering after her father’s death. Emily was ignorant of many things. She had spent so much of her life away from reality that she found it difficult to accept her father death. She also had several conflicts with her community because she did not understand how the world operated. Faulkner uses first parson narration to present a believable story while developing and expressing various themes. In addition, the text creates distinct character traits for the story’s characters and is narrated in tones that make readers sympathise at Emily’s ignorance as well as get amused by her.

There are various themes expressed in the text. The themes include isolation, versions of reality, compassion and forgiveness, and the struggle between the past and present. Isolation in the story is both physical and emotional. Faulkner through this text explores how many things in humans’ lives isolate them. People can be isolated by their communities, families, laws, past, and their personal choices and actions. Faulkner seems to discourage all form of isolation. Expressing the varied forms of reality held be different characters makes Faulkner’s text is a clear statement to people to stop looking at the world through “rose-coloured glasses” so as to look at reality’s face. People have to confront reality in the same way Emily should have confronted her reality. Unfortunately, her father and the townsfolk shielded her from reality. The text also explores the relationship between past and present. Emily is unable to let go of the past. She still holds unto the customs of her father’s generation and still believes in the importance of aristocracy and heredity. Colonel Satori’s decision to exempt her from tax makes her appear to be above everyone. Her inability to let go of the past and embrace new ideas of the new generation is best depicted through her sleeping with Homers dead body.

The text further reveals the conduct and attitude of the character in the story. The story also develops the themes through the feelings and action of the characters. For instance, Emily’s attitude and the way she treats her Negro servant depicts the servant as a slave rather than a loyal. The character of the town’s people also makes them as bad as Emily. For instance, the clerk ignorantly sells poison to her without asking her why she is buying the poison. Similar, the officials do not explore their ability to make Emily pay taxes despite the fact that they want her to pay taxes just like everyone else in town. The town’s people are backward and like to gossip. This behaviour makes them speculate about everything including Emily and Homer’s relationship. Gossip in the story makes Emily more strange and isolated as the story develops. The gossip promotes perception of reality through “rose-coloured glasses,” and shield the people form reality including Emily herself.

The tone of the stories ranges from ironic tone, confessional, angry, gossipy and hopeful. The ironic tone mostly centres on Emily; she is a rose yet with many thorns. Confession is mostly on the part of the narrator who seems to be taking responsibility for the actions of his town’s people. He confesses to the crimes of the townspeople. Gossip goes hand in hand with the confession revealing many things about the town. Some towns’ people including Emily express hope and positivity the things will change for the best.

Certainly Faulkner’s text explores a number of themes that are still relevant to today’s readers and society. It explores various themes through characters and the one of the story. The tone is dynamic and includes ironic tone, confessional, angry, gossipy and hope. The themes explored include isolation, versions of reality, compassion and forgiveness, and the struggle between the past and the present

Reference

Faulkner, W. (n.d.). A rose for Emily.

Student’s name

Professor

Course

Date

Blue Lives Matter

The blue lives matter founded in 2014 is a movement that aims at protecting the police officers of the United States from the hazards which they might face. This is especially with the ever-increasing issues between the police officers and the black lives matter movement whereby this movement blames the police officers for hate towards the black population. Therefore this e lives matter movement is a countering force and action against the black lives matter movement and especially for the police officers in an aim to protect them. Hence this paper discusses the place of the blue lives matter movement within American society concerning black lives matter.

Even though it is true that some people within the black lives matter movement go overboard and even kill police officers the discrimination against black people remains unacceptable in the United States. This movement which came up is seen most of the time by the black population as a way of making them silent and making them unable to give out their views about society and how they should be treated since most of the time they are disrespected. Blue lives matter movement is a media company focused solely on making sure that the general public gets to realize and know how important the role of the police officers is in the lives of Americans. Therefore in as much as it is a countering force against black lives matter, it still has relevance and it promotes what is good for the society which is generally a good view of the police officers. However, this does not justify the fact that the movement is racists and through its efforts to make the police officers viewed positively does not outdo the fact that some police officers maliciously hate the blacks and victimize them on so many occasions (Blue Lives Matter).

Therefore the blue lives matter movement is a racist organization which who’s main focus does not accompany the pains and the hurt of the blacks who are mistreated and hurt by the police officers. The movement does not recognize most of the acts of its members as illegal and racist but as a form of self-defense and therefore this makes the movement even more unappealing to the public. Even though it is wrong to target police officers this movement goes ahead to promote what the police officers and even in some states like in Louisiana it is a law that a person should not target police officers as this is referred to as hate crime. Hate crimes can be punished to a great extent. Therefore blue lives matter is indeed a racist response towards the black lives matter movement (What Is Blue Lives Matter and Why Do Some People Consider It Racist?”)

What the movement advocates for is a society whereby t is not even possible for a person to question some things done by the police. This not only paralyzes the police force but also paralyzes the justice system and makes it very difficult for a person to obtain justice. According to the blue lives movement, a person refusing to be arrested for a crime and should be punished. However, it does not consider that a person has constitutional rights to be protected and these are some like a person being told the reason they are being arrested. Therefore this movement tries to make people obey the police blindly and therefore this can be seen as one of the ways through which the police can make the black people suffer since in obedience the police officers will be able to anything they want with them (Vaughn-Hall).

In conclusion therefore the blue lives matter movement is an undesirable force within the American society since its efforts even though hidden under the desire for them to protect the police officers has a hidden agenda of making sure that the blacks live matter movement is ended and that they can do whatever they want with the blacks whom they come across.

Works cited

Vaughn-Hall, Jasmine. “From a Cop’s Daughter: Saying ‘Blue Lives Matter’ Doesn’t Honor Police. It Divides All of Us.” York Daily Record, 21 Sept. 2020, www.ydr.com/story/news/2020/09/21/blue-lives-matter-defensive-response-black-lives-matter/5802555002/.

‌161385360554578. “What Is Blue Lives Matter and Why Do Some People Consider It Racist?” The US Sun, 19 Aug. 2020, www.the-sun.com/news/992088/blue-lives-matter-racist-flag-blm-protests/.‌“About Us.” Blue Lives Matter, 19 May 2016, archive.bluelivesmatter.blue/organization/.

A Review Of The Australian Employment Relations Through The Media Lenses

Contents

TOC o “1-3” h z u Article 1: Union Rage as Jobs Go Offshore PAGEREF _Toc376335345 h 1How this is Related to Employment Relations PAGEREF _Toc376335346 h 2Article 2: Government, Unions Applaud Penalty Rates Ruling PAGEREF _Toc376335347 h 3Article 3: Level the Playing Field: A Call for Action on Gender Parity in Australia PAGEREF _Toc376335348 h 6Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc376335349 h 8

Introduction

The Australian employment relations system has seen a number of changes that have attracted media attention in the recent days (Mortimer & Ingersoll, 2012, p.4). The media reports or portfolio can be used to enhance the process of these employment relations changes and their impact on management in the Australian business world. This paper will select three media articles that have highlighted major issues and changes in Australian media employment relations in the recent days. The areas of interest in this case will be industrial conflicts, equity and the role of Fair Work Commission. The articles selected are ‘union rage as jobs go offshore’, ‘Government, unions applaud penalty rates ruling’ and ‘Level the playing field: a call for action on gender parity in Australia.’ These articles are used to build a media portfolio of changes in Australian employment relations system.

Article 1: Union Rage as Jobs Go Offshore

The National Times, March 1, 2013

Findings

The Key Parties Involved

The key parties involved in the discussion are an Australian manufacturer Telstra, staff of Telstra and Australian Manufacturing Workers Union (AMWU).

The Key Issue

The Australian manufacturing workers union is calling upon the government to deny Telstra access to government contracts and other government infrastructure for outsourcing jobs to India and Philippines. The company has a plan to lay off about 700 workers – about 20% of its workforce. Off shoring 20% of the jobs will see Telstra save about $250 million yearly. In the past four years, about 80,000 jobs have been off shored to other countries where there is availability of cheap labor. The main issue here is the effect of off shoring to Australian workers and the overall Australian economy. As a result, AMWU thinks that companies that are off shoring should be denied government contracts and other incentives such as national broadband.

Method Used To Resolve Dispute

The industry minister refused to give into the requests of the union and its workers. After demonstrations and negotiations with the government, the ministry stated that it could not shortlist Telstra as ineligible for government contracts because this would be a violation of Free Trade Agreement regulations. A move to deny Telstra will also risk the credibility of Australian businesses in winning overseas contracts and job opportunities created by the contract. These impacts are the creation of trade liberalism that allows free movement of labor, capital, goods and services.

How this is Related to Employment RelationsEmployment relations also called industrial relations or employee relation is a multidisciplinary concept that involves many stakeholders in the labor economy. In simple terms, employment relations are the interaction between an organization and its employees as well employees with one another. The definition of employee in this case also takes in unions representing the workers and the government. There are different factors that determine employee relations in an organization and in an economy in general (Pankajakshan, 2013, p.8). It is also important to understand that employment relation is a dynamic concept, whose scope has been changing over the years with changes in technology and work organization. This involves trade agreements, economic conditions, company goals and role of workers’ representative bodies (Mortimer & Ingersoll, 2012, p.7). These factors and interactions may not go in the same direction and may result to industrial conflicts. This article is a clear indication of an industrial conflict between workers and their union and an employer on the other hand. This article is important to employment relations because it highlights factors influencing employment relations; specifically, the role of trade liberalism on industrial relations.

Telstra has resolved to lay off employees to make huge savings in revenue every year. The company is faced by a dilemma between maintaining its workforce and getting cheap labor from another market segment. Trade liberalization does not only refer to movement of goods, services and capital; it also affects mobility of labor from one economy to another (Casacuberta, Fachola, & Néstor, 2004, p.228). Free movement of labor from one economy to another has created space for off-shoring of jobs to different organizations across the globe.

The industrial conflict emerges between the role of trade unions and employee welfare and the need to increase productivity by the manufacturer. Off shoring has several benefits to the manufacturer: reduced taxation, increased efficiency and value creation through outsourcing (Doellgast, 2009, p.8). On the other hand, the welfare of employees being laid off to cut costs by outsourcing is a center of attention for the union. The union is also calling attention to the inability of local firms to create employment to local people yet they use government resources given as incentives to create jobs (Palangkaraya & Jongsay, 2011, p.16).

Whereas trade liberalization, especially mobility of labor through outsourcing increases productivity of manufacturing firms, it also affects the welfare of employees in an organization and in the economy (Casacuberta, Fachola, & Néstor, 2004, p.230). This fuels industrial conflict as firms enhance their competitive advantage while incurring a social cost of increasing unemployment rates lowering wage rate for Australian workers (Doellgast, 2009, p.12).

The article also brings up the role of government in employment relations as a regulator and law enforcer. However, in the case of this article, the government is bound by free trade agreements and as much as it should protect the welfare of employees and offer proper incentive to employers, this is not possible (Palangkaraya & Jongsay, 2011, p.12). Therefore, the industrial conflict will remain between the union and employers as social costs spill over to employees (Casacuberta, Fachola, & Néstor, 2004, p.238). Industrial conflict historically has emerged as employees voice their welfare issues and as producers or employers bargain to increase their productivity and cutting costs through wages or longer working hours (Doellgast, 2009, p.10). This is a new world economic order – trade liberalization, and so the government may avert the conflict as expected because through the same agreements will see contracts and employment opportunities coming to Australia.

Article 2: Government, Unions Applaud Penalty Rates RulingThe Australian: March 18, 2013 

Findings

The Parties Involved

The parties involved in this article are Fair Work Commission (Australia), unions through Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) and business and employer groups such as the National Retail Association, the Industry and Ai Group and the Queensland Chamber of Commerce.

Key Issues

The key issue in this article is the role of fair work commission in employment relations. In another article in the Australian, the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) made a plea to stop employers that were Work Choices in their favor. These work choices involve cutting penalties for overtime work, introduction of new annualized salary agreements so that employers can do away with allowances, narrow down the terms of shift work to reduce workers’ entitlements on access to salary and leave (The Australian, 2012). The employers were particularly pushing for a 24-hour economy that will go seven days a-week. The business groups want to control and have power on how much they can pay during the 24-hour economy.

Methods Used To Resolve the Dispute

Business and employer groups filed submissions to Fair Work Australia, FWA to be allowed to reduce penalties as they extend working hours. This would affect low-income workers, as it would mean salary-cut for low-waged Australians. The national workplace tribunal delivered its ruling that the business groups had not made any case and that they would continue paying penalties. The fair work commission also ruled that the current system recognizes the “disabilities of working at unsociable times” (The Australian, 2012). The commissions also reiterated that the pay rates are relatively low and so penalties were sustained.

How Is This Related To Employment Relations

This article is related to employment relations in that it shows the role of regulatory bodies and workplace tribunals in employment relations. In this case, the focus is on the role of FWC: Fair Work Commission is the Australia’s nationalized workplace relations tribunal. There are a number of FWC functions that come out in this article: hearing cases and submissions presented by stakeholders in industrial relations, solving disputes between workers and their unions and business groups, enterprise bargaining and safety net of employment conditions and minimum wages.

FWC ensures that employers and employees stick to the set Australian workplace regulations and rules. In this article, employers are supposed to pay penalties for employees working overtime and during weekends. The employers cannot go against these provisions without making submission or appeals to the commission in addition. The tribunal hears cases and submissions concerning laws whenever dispute and industrial conflicts. The commission is also in charge of outlining new laws and any amendments that may need to be implemented to take care of employees’ welfare or employer needs (Fair Work Commission, 2013).

In this article, the commission has an important role of workplace protections, employee welfare and ensuring equal remuneration. In its ruling, the commission argued that the work choices brought about by employers on having 24-hour economy with reduced penalties. The commission protected the employees from long working hours and lack of breaks on weekends without pay. The commission also ensures that remuneration is fair (Fair Work Commission, 2013). Therefore, it upheld the penalties to cushion low-income employees from salary cuts and exploitation. In this case, it provided a safety net to protect minimum conditions for employees working overtime and their rewards.

The commission is also charged with the function of deliberating on various collective and individual workplace conflicts through mediation, reconciliation and in extreme cases arbitration. In this article, the workplace dispute between low-wage workers and workers groups (Fair Work Commission, 2013).

Most workplace conflicts culminate into industrial actions such as strikes or go-slows if not well controlled (Gollan & Patmore, 2013). The fair work commission facilitates good faith bargaining while paving way for enterprise agreements to avoid industrial action. The role is played in this article where FWC delivers a final ruling on penalties and working overtime that is binding to all parties to the conflict. The commission allowed the employers to represent work choices and mediated based on employee welfare and minimum wage laws.

In addition to the function outlined in the article, there are other functions of FWC in industrial action as described in its website. Fair Work Australia also gives remedies to employees for unfair dismissal. The agency regulates industrial actions through dispute resolution and hearing of submission by parties. The scope of the agency also extends to determinations in the workplace even at industry and company level, equal remunerations, stand down, right of entry and general workplace protections. Forsyth (2012) feels that Fair Work Australia has been effective so far compared to other Australian dispute resolution (ADR) means and groups in the fast. However, the role of FWC can be enhanced by increasing its independence to ensure impartiality and reducing costs to ensure that it is accessible to all parties. Forsyth (2012) clarifies that parties with conflicts being mediated by FWC foot their costs of arbitration, although in rare cases the aggrieved party may be compensated. Issues of cost and accessibility should be addressed to enhance accessibility. On the overall, the agency meets international standards in terms of professionalism, independence, expertise and speed (Forsyth, 2012, p.492).

Article 3: Level the Playing Field: A Call for Action on Gender Parity in AustraliaKeeping Good Companies: February 1, 2011

Findings

The Parties Involved

Unlike previous articles that involved employers and unions, this article involves different companies (that also allowed their employees to be interviewed) that took part in a research survey carried out by and researchers from Bain’s Global Women’s Leadership program sponsored by Bain& Company. The article also involves ‘Keeping good Companies.” Keeping good companies is a magazine that helps companies specializing in business-to-business operation to enhance best practices in management especially on human resource management, corporate social responsibility and innovation among other management practices.

Key Issues

The key issue in this article is equality in the workplace gender parity in Australia. According to the findings of Bain’s Global Women’s Leadership program, women are not given equal chances as men in leadership and management positions or any other company responsibilities. Women are not giving the same opportunity with men in terms of promotions for business executive positions or senior management. Both female and male employees support the findings, according to Bain & company (Cottrell, Sanders, & Hrdlicka, 2011).

Methods Used To Resolve the Dispute

The article presents problems identified from research work on employment relations. The key issue here is denial of opportunities for women in executive positions and managerial positions due to sex discrimination. Bain & Company has conducted research and provided recommendations on how to end discrimination of women employees in the workplace, as a call for action in Australia. The company suggests that the solution lies in visible and committed leadership, adaption of new workplace models in recognition of women’s careers and investment into change management on gender parity transformation.

How is this Related to Employment Relations

This article is important to employment relations because it highlights equality, particularly gender parity in the workplace. Equality in the workplace touches on many things such wage equality, wage-based gender equality or promotional equality based on age, gender or origin (Ferraro, 2011, p.38). In the recent days, we have seen increased calls in the business world to embrace diversity and inclusion in the workplace. It is also important to note that this also affects the productivity of companies as companies miss on key talent that can be tapped from women employees (Charlesworth, 2013, p.379).

In Australia, it is difficult to trace a woman employee in spite of increasing number of women in the workplace. According to Metz & Moss (2008) about 80 per cent of female employees in Australia blame sex discrimination in the workplace for slow advancement into management positions in the workplace (p.63). In the article, research findings establish find that women rarely get a chance for performance valuation for these senior positions, let alone failing to perform well in performance measures for management positions. This shows that there are inherent cultural barriers that stop women from getting equal chances in the workplace. As a result, the companies fail to exploit strategic effect that women leaders have on the bottom line of the company.

In employment relations, equality is essential to both employees and the organization as it shows the responsibility of a company to the society. It also boosts employee morale as it gives workers equal incentives for working hard. In spite of increased number of women in the workforce which stands at about 45 per cent of the Australia’s workforce. However, there are only 11 per cent of this population occupying executive management positions in Australia’s private sector. Additionally, there is only 10 per cent of board members position being occupied by women, and only 2 per cent serve as board chairs in ASX 200(Cottrell, Sanders, & Hrdlicka, 2011, p.9). However, in spite of the alarming inequalities in these numbers, most of the persons interviewed said that there are equal opportunities in employment relations (p. 10).

The article emphasizes that most companies do not use employment relations as a strategy for competitiveness and productivity in Australia. As a result, there are very few companies emphasizing on the need for human resource management policies that take in diversity and inclusion. As a result, a certain section of workers receive less incentives, rewards and opportunities owing to the cultural make up of the society (Charlesworth, 2013, p.378). According to Syed (2007), within the issue of gender discrimination, there is also racial and ethnic discrimination within sex discrimination. In other words, there are no equal employment opportunities among women of all ethnic backgrounds where minority groups have least chances of getting employment opportunities or management positions (Syed, 2007, p.1965).

The issue of sex discrimination in the workplace is important to industrial relations to an extent that, regulatory bodies are contemplating policies where labor laws will be changed to enable diversity in the workplace. Australian Securities and Exchange Commission is also contemplating establishing reporting requirements for corporate governance as a means of promoting equality in the workplace (Ferraro, 2011, p.40).

Conclusion

Employment relation is a wide concept that gets wider with advancement in technologies and workplace organization. The paper has visited three areas of industrial relations: equality, role of FWC in industrial relations and industrial conflicts. From the articles selected for the media portfolio with each touching on every area, it is clear that the media is getting more involved in changes in employment relations. Industrial conflicts emerge as there is an attempt to enhance the welfare of employees by workers unions while employers on the other hand put measures to enhance efficiency and productivity in a way that may disadvantage employees. Fair Work commission plays a key role in protection of welfare of employees, conflict resolution and watchdog for adherence to labor laws. Equality in the workplace, especially gender discrimination is rife but remains unaddressed due to cultural barriers.

References

Casacuberta, C., Fachola, G., & Néstor, G. (2004). The impact of trade liberalization on employment, capital, and productivity dynamics: evidence from the uruguayan manufacturing sector. Journal Of Policy Reform, 7(4), 225-248. doi:10.1080/1384128042000285200

Charlesworth, S. (2013). Women, work and industrial relations in Australia in 2012. Journal Of Industrial Relations, 55(3), 371-385. doi:10.1177/0022185613480746

Cottrell, D., Sanders, M., & Hrdlicka, J. (2011). Level the playing field: a call for action on gender parity in Australia. Keeping Good Companies (14447614), 63(1), 8-12.

Doellgast, V. (2009). Still A Coordinated Model? Market Liberalization And The Transformation Of Employment Relations In The German Telecommunications Industry. Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 63(1), 3-23.

Fair Work Commission (2013). Our Role. Retrieved from http://www.fwc.gov.au/index.cfm?pagename=aboutroleFerraro, P. (2011). Employment law implications of reporting on gender diversity in the workplace. Keeping Good Companies (14447614), 63(1), 38-42.

Forsyth, A. (2012). Workplace conflict resolution in Australia: the dominance of the public dispute resolution framework and the limited role of ADR. International Journal Of Human Resource Management, 23(4), 476-494. doi:10.1080/09585192.2012.641080

Gollan, P., & Patmore, G. (2013). Perspectives of legal regulation and employment relations at the workplace: Limits and challenges for employee voice. Journal Of Industrial Relations, 55(4), 488-506. doi:10.1177/0022185613489392

Leggett, C. (2013). Workforce Development and Employment Relations. Employment Relations Record, 13(1), 2-12.

Metz, I., & Moss, S. (2008). Workplace gender discrimination: do women over-attribute slow advancement in management to gender discrimination?. Melbourne Review, 4(2), 60-66.

Mortimer, D., & Ingersoll, L. (2012). Teaching Industry Engagement in Employment Relations. Employment Relations Record, 12(2), 1-18.

Palangkaraya, A., & Jongsay, Y. (2011). Trade Liberalisation, Exit, and Output and Employment Adjustments of Australian Manufacturing Establishments. World Economy, 34(1), 1-22. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9701.2010.01274.x

Pankajakshan, V. (2013). The ‘Return’ of the Employee Relations and Industrial Relations Discipline. Aweshkar Research Journal, 15(1), 8-9.

Syed, J. (2007). ‘The other woman’ and the question of equal opportunity in Australian organizations.International Journal Of Human Resource Management, 18(11), 1954-1978. doi:10.1080/09585190701638184

The Australian (2012, April 10). Employers seek return to WorkChoices – ACTU. The Australian. Retrieved from http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/latest-news/employers-seek-return-to-workchoices-actu/story-e6frg90f-1226323125345