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A Rhetorical Review on the Article ‘Don’t Let Kids Play Football’ by Bennet Omalu

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Introduction

In ‘A Good Way to Keep Guns from Predators’, Brent Staples argues whether Gov. Scott should invest his energy in the forceful collection of the guns he gave out to his people to improve the security among the residents. According to Staples, Governor Scott Walker signed a bill that let babies carry guns. However, Scott Walker did not allow one group of people to have guns. There is a 22% lower rate of intimate-partner homicide by gun in states where people are advised to give up their weapons (Staples, 2017). Brent Staples employs three major rhetorical strategies to present his arguments and convey his message to his audiences. This paper will discuss the rhetorical strategies used by the author to communicate to his audience appropriately.

The author claims that Gov Scott Walker signed legislation that requires people placed under a restraining order to be informed that they must turn in any guns they own within forty-eight hours or get arrested. It also established that all firearms held by civilians be confiscated by the authorities as soon as possible. “Gun-relinquishment laws have been enacted with broad support in rural, conservative states like North Dakota and Tennessee, along with swing states like Pennsylvania and Colorado” (Staples, 2017). It was meant to reduce the number of weapons in the public because it put humanity in a vulnerable position. The Governor’s target was to reduce or eliminate domestic abuse in the community. Limiting gun ownership allows the state to protect victims or potential victims of domestic abuse from traumatizing events or, in extreme cases, loss of lives. It prevents fatal consequences of domestic abuse among intimate couples.

Investigations conducted by judges, clerks, prosecutors, and police officials following a push from the King County officials revealed that few offenders returned their firearms to the legal authorities despite the increase in domestic violence cases reported and handled in civil courts. Statistics in 2016 showed that only 52 individuals out of 865 returned their guns to the authorities (Staples, 2017). These statistics open a discussion on whether firearms are the leading cause of domestic violence between intimate partners. With or without guns, many families in the state use aggressive strategies to resolve issues, which is unhealthy and quite risky for the partners involved and their families. Washington State legislators prioritized disarming high-risk abusers as a new strategy of confiscating weapons from society and creating a neutral and safe environment for all citizens.

The second strategy suggested by the author is the toughening of federal law that requires the abusers accused of domestic violence to return their guns. The author believes this approach would enable the United States federal team to protect families and the entire population, for that matter. Law enforcement agencies collected 20% as many firearms as collected in the previous year after piloting the policy for six days (Staples, 2017). The success of toughening federal laws prompted the state to employ more staff members to facilitate the reclaiming of firearms from the public especially domestic violence abusers. Like drug abuse, firearms ownership by the citizens affects their public health. The presence of guns in the community threatens the existence of individuals, hence influencing their day-to-day decisions in America. In communities where guns and violence are reported frequently, people tend to live in fear and uncertainty, thus being more cautious and adopting survival tactics that would keep them safe amidst violence. On the other hand, neutral and safe communities live quite freely and comfortably as their safe spaces assure their safety from abusers and reckless unruly firearm owners.

King County, Washington, developed a new and effective strategy to facilitate firearms recovery from the public, particularly domestic violence offenders and high-risk abusers. According to Staples, any legislation must address the Fifth Amendment stipulation that no person should be a witness against himself. To recover as many guns as possible from the public, especially those distributed illegally in the black market, all parties and players society included should cooperate and ensure all criminals and abusers are disarmed and punished according to the law. Staples strongly argues that the community and social media also played a vital role in disarming abusers and keeping America safe. Community members interact and depend on each other in different ways in their day-to-day activities. For this reason, it’s easier for them to identify firearms abusers or domestic violence offenders amongst them and their whereabouts. Working hand in hand with the authorities and providing relevant information that could pin or incriminate the abusers in society can help reduce illegal firearms ownership and ensure the safety of many Americans.

Social media also contributes heavily to the fight against firearms abuse by owners. Legal authorities use social media platforms to facilitate their search of abusers and consequent weapons recovery and arrest of the respective abusers. They keep close tabs on abusers and domestic violence offenders and keep track records of their activities and engagements (Staples, 2017). The information collected is then evaluated to determine if they have firearms. The authorities then move on them, disarm them and arrest them accordingly. The state also used various databases to find clues on whether targeted offenders owned guns and their hiding places. Together with statements from victims and witnesses of domestic violence, these databases provide sufficient and incriminating evidence against abusers and their illegal gun ownership.

Conclusion

It is undeniable that the availability of guns to the public, especially domestic violence offenders, is very risky to intimate partners, their families, and friends. The recovery of firearms proves difficult because it is hard to determine if an abuser owns guns. Weapons fall off the system daily, and the authorities cannot account for such losses. The state, through the legal system, should revisit its policies and develop new strategies that will help control the issuing of firearms within the system before dealing with the external problem. There is a need to identify the loopholes through which guns slip to abusers and seal them completely to restore and assure safety for its people.

Reference

Staples, B., 2017. Opinion | A Good Way to Keep Guns from Predators (Published 2017). [online] Nytimes.com. Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/12/19/opinion/restraining-order-guns.html> [Accessed 14 February 2022].

Mac book Electronics:

Apple inc. has been one of the companies in the forefront to bring modern communication technology solutions to its clients. This great effort has seen the company go beyond 10% in terms of market share and becoming the top three leaders in providing high technology communication solutions. Macbook has one of its major discoveries in the 21st century. Apple has over the last few years improved the features of its Mac book to reflect the current state of technology and provide the highest level of customer satisfaction. Its latest discovery in the Macbook brand is the discovery of Mac book air introduced in late July this year and duly equipped with 3 processors. Other discoveries in the Mac book brand include the thunder bolt interface, Mac mini, OSX lion, iMac and Mac pro.

A Mac book is a special electronic gadget that has become a key component of education system and popularly used by students, teachers and University professors to undertake their teaching and learning processes. A Mac book is a special Macintosh computer notebook which can be connected to internet and help in research and education purposes. The electronic equipment for first introduced in the market by apple Inc. In the year 2006.Apple has however strived to upgrade the features of the Macbook. The current brands of Mac are highly sophisticated with enhanced capabilities.

Among the features that have been developed in the current Mac books are the portability. For instance the latest Mac book air is probably the thinnest lap top in the world with a thickness of 0.76 inch. The Mac book air also enhanced memory which goes u p to 1.8 GHz for its Central processing Unit. It has a RAM of 2GB and a hard drive of up to 80GB.The Mac book has an in built wireless networking system and a blue tooth which allows it to be mobile (Chambers,3) The Mac book has a highly sensitive multitouch track pad which allows easy control of the electronic devices.

Other features that have been introduced in the Mac book are standard key board which allows for easy usage, an insight camera on top of the screen and this allows the users to take photographs, a USB port, power adaptor, headphones. These features allow the users to different tasks using the same gadget and provide the highest level of convenience to the users.

The Mac books have also undergone special modifications to ensure efficiency in power consumption as the battery can hold charges for a long period. The above features have made Mac book electronics to be the most preferred gadgets by students and the lecturers as they allow for faster communication and delivery of knowledge.

Mac books effectively seek to replace the normal laptops which may not have the features they contain. As described above the Macs can also be used for social purposes as they have additional features that allow the users to socialize with friends. The size and the thickness of the Macs are particularly amazing and the users can carry them around for a long period of time (Miser, 366).

Apple has used the Mac book brands to move information and communication technology from one level to another by ensuring high levels of portability, reliability, convenience and power conservation on their Mac book laptops. This is what the students and the teachers need in this era of globalization and mobility of information. The Mac book therefore makes life easy and allows teaching and learning to take place at any location using the tiny gadgets. Mac is the most preferred electronic gadget for the next generation as people move from one level of technological innovation to another.

Works cited

Chambers, L.Mark. MacBook for Dummies. Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley, 2010. Print

Miser, Brad. Mac Book Pro Portable Genius. John Wiley and sons, 2011. Print



MACRO Term Paper

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• Our banks are oversold

Banks are oversold if their performance is soaring. This is to say they have the following characteristics: The banks have excess capital and reserves; the banking sector is a flush with liquidity, reserves and capital. This makes the banks the most capable of paying a high dividend yield. Another factor that contributes the overselling is that fact that the banks anticipate a high gain in the next quarters. The banks are operating at low prices to earnings multiples. They also take into account the possibilities of low expectations in terms of earnings. The banks are also experiencing improved fundamentals and earnings per share growth project. The banks are attracting value investors due to their oversold natures, the banks are better posed in the markets. This is based on the fact that the banks have a positive performance projection. This leads to the reversion of the general mean. This is based on the premise that prices will finally appreciate towards the mean (Ragan &Lipsey, 2011).

• Old rules versus new rules with respect to bank leveraging.

There are a number of rules intended to govern bank leveraging, however, these rules vary depending on the prevailing market conditions. Lahart, (2007), states that the old rules were developed to create an economic boom in major world economies; however, the new rules are geared at maintaining a stable banking system to cushion banks from the risks that are increasingly building up in the finical market.

• Given the Euro crisis and European bank leveraging, does this inspire confidence in the Euro?

In the short run; yes, in the long run; no

• Does this inspire confidence in the marginal European economies: Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Ireland and now France?

This does inspire confidence in the marginal European economies in the short run, however, this is not sustainable and in the long run, the marginal European economies would have difficulties as the euro crisis ease. The banks leveraging would involve certain measures to ensure that the gearing is stable.

• The housing market in the US is leveraged. Explain the part that tax deductibility and recourse loans play.

According to Manny, (2007), when the interest rates rise and the housing prices fall, everyone would easily get access to a good home. However, the property owners would have problems paying back their mortgage loans, leading to overselling as the property owners start to panic

• What are the results of the US not requiring any down payments with respect to housing purchases?

This is one way of subprime lending, as it involves the provision of loan to those with limited capacity to payback with the intention of having an economic bubble. The effect of this will be an economic crisis as refinancing then mortgages will not be easy. As housing is also on of the leading industries, it will lead to trade deficit and cause panic in the financial system (Levenson, 2006).

• Explain subprime lending.

Subprime lending is the concept that involve advancing loan to borrowers who are likely to experience difficulties paying back the loan, these people do not meet the requirement set by banks, so the loans advanced to them attract high interest rates due to the risk factors involved. This concept was widespread in the early 90s as there was a general belief that subprime borrowers could be managed.

• Compare the affordability of home ownership with subsequent delinquencies and foreclosures between Canada and the US.

There is likely to be a remarkable increase in the level of delinquencies and foreclosures in the US than in Canada due to the expiry of the easy initial terms. There also likely to be an increase in the economic crisis in Canada as the wealth of the consumers in the market would be drained, with less protection of the banks by the government (Laperriere, 2006).

• Comment on Osama’s plan to reduce mortgage interest and property taxes. Does it appear viable?

While president Obama is interested in ensuring that the citizens of America have access to affordable housing there are a number of factors that should be considered. For example, Ragan &Lipsey, (2011), argues that when the mortgage interest’s rates are reduced, the home owners are in a position to save lots of money per year by only refinancing at lower interest rates. On the other hand, many of the home owners may not be qualified t for the refinancing scheme organized by Mr. Obama. However, it is important to note that while most of the owners may not be eligible for the reduced mortgage taxes. This may be attributed to the recent fall in property prices leaving them with very little in terms of equity. On the other hand, the lenders are not likely to approve refinancing for those home owners who have very low equity. These cuts out the home have poor credit rating. This is also true for those who have been paying back their loans (Ragan & Lipsey, 2011).

The plans are not viable as many people would not be able to meet the requirements for eligibility into these programs

References

Ragan and Lipsey, (2011). Economics, 13th Canadian Edition. Pearson Canada Inc.

Lahart J. (2007). “Egg Cracks Differ In Housing, Finance Shells”. WSJ.com (Wall Street Journal).

Krugman, P. (2009). The Return of Depression Economics and the Crisis of 2008. W.W. Norton Company Limited

Manny F. (2007). “Study Finds Disparities in Mortgages by Race”. New York Time

Levenson, E. (2006). “Lowering the Boom? Speculators Gone Mild”. NY Sage.

Laperriere, A. (2006). “Housing Bubble Trouble: Have we been living beyond our means?”. The Weekly Standard

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Abstract

Memory refers to the capability of encoding, processing and be able to regain or recover information that one has been exposed to for a given period of time. Memory cannot be separated from the academic performance and learning as a skill. Even though the skills of memory is connected to academic performance like reading as well as solving of problems in cognitive areas, it is a serious area for center of attention within the education sector for some reasons. First, it mirrors the applied cognition. This implies that the operation of memory can reflect every significant feature of learning. The second reason is that the skills of memory applied by children do not show to wear out or tap their capabilities. As a result we require finding out the procedures of instruction that benefit from the potential of children to memorize and regain information (Swanson & Alloway, 2012). This paper tackles the modal model of memory, structures and functions of working memory, short term memory and the long term memory with the inclusion of types of long term memory in that order.

Modal Model of Memory

Memory is the ability of an individual to encode process and recall information that he or she has been exposed to previously. The modal model of memory is the immediate memory which is the existence of a unitary memory which is short term in nature and that strongly relies on phonological coding. The information gets in to short term memory from the environment through the sensory buffer. The sensory buffer in this case holds the short term information before the same information goes to long term memory. The information enters the long term memory if at all it can be retained for some considerable amount of time in the short term memory (Pickering, 2012).

The normal modal model of memory is a heuristic guide for appreciating the functioning of memory or how it operates. IT provides the framework of understanding how the information is stored in memory over time. The modal model of memory has four parts. The first part is the sensory register. The second one is the short term store. The third component is the long term store while the last part of modal model is the control processes. The sensory register component can be thought of as a group of stores for memory each of which match up to various sensory modality. For instance, there is one sensory register is used for vision, another one for touch and many others for different functions. The sensory registers in our memory permits us to hold briefly in order to find out whether the information is worthy enough for more consideration. This means that the minds of human beings could only be fixed on the present state of affairs without these kinds of memory stores (Radvansky, 2015).

The short term memory component play the role of retaining information for a period of less that one minute in case nothing is done with it. The state of consciousness is connected with the information that resides within the short term memory. This can be described as knowledge that is presently in conscious alertness or beyond. The amount of information that can be stored in this short term memory is overwhelmingly small. The third component, that is, the control processes responsible for the active manipulation of information within the short term memory. This might comprise of procedures from rehearsing information to relocation of knowledge to and from the components of long term memory or may be reasoning. Apart from just acting as a passive absorption and the mechanism of information retrieval, this control processes makes the modal model an active participant. The long term memory which is the fourth component consists of extensive different types of long term knowledge. In addition, it consists of different approaches of using the same knowledge. It is the component of modal model memory that fascinates the majority of people. The various types of long term memory are also discussed in the later topics of this paper (Radvansky, 2015).

Structures and functions of working memory

The working memory comprises of the central executive which is the major part together with other two components. The two components include the phonological lop and the visual spatial. The main functions of the central executive are to regulate type flow of information in the working memory. It also plays the role of retrieving information from the different systems of memory like the long term memory. Moreover, the central executive also takes part in processing as well as information storage. Its efficiency in carrying out these functions relies on whether there are other anxieties or burdens that are that are concurrently placed on it. The phonological loop takes part in the maintenance of information that is verbally coded. The visual-spatial sketch pad on the other hand takes part in the short term information processing in addition to maintaining materials which have strong visual or spatial component (Gathercole & Baddeley, 2014).

Structures and functions of short term memory

The short term memory as mentioned earlier is use in holding information coded from the environment temporarily before the same is transferred to long memory for permanent storage. The consideration of short time models of learning can be carried out through the assumption of many various state of learning. In this case, the items begin with the first state of knowledge from which the precise answer may be made only through guess work. As the individual continues to learn the materials offered, the learning process is represented in the model by changing to the state of intermediate knowledge. As usual, the items in the state of intermediate are never permanent given that they can return to different states. The processing of verbal kind of information, for instance, employs an auditory memory that is short tern in nature and which has limited capacity.

The number of times an idea is repeated increases the chance of retaining it in the short term memory. In this case, the more times a repetition are made, the more chances of retaining information within the short term memory. The probability that that given information will enter the permanent or long term memory in this case is dependent on the attention given to that particular information in addition to the type of operations that are carried out on it. Therefore, the structure of the short term memory is such that the information goes in to short term memory from the system of perception from the process of naming as a vector of attributes. As more information continues to enter in to short term memory a number of vector attributes are either degraded in quality or lost and thus cannot always be recovered from memory Norman, 2013).

Structures and functions of long term memory

The structure of long term memory consists of two main parts namely the declarative and the non-declarative memories. The declarative part is also called the explicit memory while the non-declarative part is also called the implicit memory. The explicit memory part of the long term storage is comprised of both episodic and the semantic memories. On the other hand, the non-declarative memory part of the long term storage consists of the procedural memory, the classical conditioning and the priming memory. The declarative part of long term memory is the memories that are simpler for an individual to express and even talk about. The non-declarative part on the other hand is the information that is hard to express or articulate though it still has deep control in our lives (Radvansky, 2015).

Both declarative and the non-declarative memory are the main categories of long term system of memory. The declarative category permits the conscious recollection of events together with facts. This category is usually marked by our capability for explicit recall or recognition of facts and/or events that took place in the past. The non-declarative category is the part of long term memory which can be accessed with no consciousness. It can be accessed implicitly via performance instead of remembrance of facts and events (Anticholinergics, 2014).

Semantic and episodic yypes of long term memory

The semantic memory type comprises of skills, rules, relations that are excessively leaned. They are those things which we are familiar with in standard. They may also be those things which we know how to do irrespective of situations under which this knowledge was gotten from the environment. Unlike in episodic memory, the semantic memory can be achieved better through repetition which is necessary in language, perceptual as a well as motor learning. With sufficient number of repetition such as the spontaneous mental rehearsal, even particular incidents can get in to the semantic memory of the long term storage.

The episodic memory type is connected autobiographical time. It helps in triggering searches via long term memory by the normal events of information retrieval with rare kind of memories. These rare memories can be considered in terms of the number of evens of events that are retrieved in every unit of autobiographical occasion. This type of memory is also associated with essential difficulty with memory of past long events or episodes thus the past information in many cases becomes hard to remember. There is thus the aspect of relative impairment of memory for the past episodes which is a defect or a limitation in the episodic memory (Wood, Ebert & Kinsbourne, 2014).

Procedural memory, classical conditioning and priming types of long time memory

Procedural memory is an implicit type of long term memory that involved getting skills plus habits that take place with no conscious alertness and over the course of performance. The system of procedural memory is very crucial in supporting the capability of gesture in order to drive the fresh learning. This implies that the deficit in procedural memory is highly likely to disrupt the production of gesture together with comprehension or understanding. Meanwhile, the non-declarative memory which includes procedural memory, the classical conditioning and priming can support the individual’s ability to get and carry out skills and be able to form habits through the help of experience. Since learning comes from the act of generating and experiencing gesture, this also implies that procedural memory is thus helpful in learning too. Therefore procedural memory supports cognitive, motor as well as perceptual knowledge/skill learning. The procedural memory do benefit from conducting actions by an individual at the time of encoding knowledge, meaning that action performance employs procedural memory. In addition, the influence of gesture on the learner is frequently implicit but nonetheless affects the behavior (Klooster et al., 2014).

Priming also affects the individual’s behavior in much faster as compared to procedural memory which needs slow and comprehensive process of learning. The effects of prime are normally observed by means of just a single exposure to the stimulus of prime. In contract, the procedural tasks of memory comprise the use of repeated trials before learning can be shown (Klooster et al., 2014).

References

Anticholinergics, B. (2014). Declarative and Nondeclarative Memory.

Gathercole, S. E., & Baddeley, A. D. (2014). Working memory and language. Psychology Press.

Klooster, N. B., Cook, S. W., Uc, E. Y., & Duff, M. C. (2014). Gestures make memories, but what kind? Patients with impaired procedural memory display disruptions in gesture production and comprehension. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 8.

Norman, D. A. (Ed.). (2013). Models of human memory. Elsevier.

Pickering, S. J. (2012). 2 Working memory in dyslexia. Working memory and neurodevelopmental disorders, 7.

Radvansky, G. A. (2015). Human memory. Psychology Press.

Swanson, H. L., & Alloway, T. P. (2012). Working memory, learning, and academic achievement.

Wood, F., Ebert, V., & Kinsbourne, M. (2014). The episodic-semantic memory distinction in memory and amnesia: Clinical and experimental observations. L. S. Cermak (Ed.), Human memory and amnesia, 167-193.

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Mental Health

According to WHO panic, worry and anxiety are ways in which people respond to uncertainty and unknown situations. In cases like COVID-19, people are afraid because of changes in their daily lives such as restricted movement, working from home, unemployment, online learning for children, and lack of physical contact and wearing of facemasks. All these abrupt changes have an effect on both mental and physical health of people (Park et al.).

Mental health, affects a broad area of people’s lives. It affects the sleep patterns where one has difficulty sleeping, poor concentration, loss of appetite and poor eating habits. In terms of socially and economically it affects one career, education and relationships with friends and family. People suffering from mental illness can also suffer from alcohol or drugs and other addictions (Park et al.). Mental illness does not only affect at an individual level but also families, community and nation. For example, if an individual cannot perform at their work place, it means they will have no income and if they are the bread winner in a family, they are also at stake. This affects even the nation at large because individuals are not productive.

Another group of people having mental health problems are the students as they receive pressures from their parents and teachers. It is funny to observe that the main concern of people in the current generation is focus in academic performances rather than minding about the mental health of their children. There is need to balance between mental health of the learners and the academic performances of these learners as they are both important.According to CDC, children and teenagers may react differently to stress. For children and adolescents there may be excessive crying, change of sleeping patterns, so much worry, unhealthy eating and having behaviors they have outgrown. For teenagers, the stress may lead to poor performance in academics, poor concentrations, headaches and body pains, and indulging in substance abuse (Park et al.).

In the case of COVID-19 pandemic, the people most likely to suffer from mental health illness are: the elderly, those with other underlying conditions such as terminal illnesses, those with mental health conditions and those caring for family members and loved ones. This group of people is likely to have more stress because according to WHO they are at a high risk of contracting the virus (Pfefferbaum et al.).

For children, parents are advised to have communication with the children often, keep assuring them they are safe, let the children continue with their normal routine and limit them from news coverage even on social media. The parents also can explain to the children about the pandemic and what it is. Get to know their understanding and correct any misunderstanding they have. This helps them to have the correct information and thus reducing the stress.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, most people have been required to work from home. This has its side of challenges. Most people have stress on how to handle domestic work and work assignments at the same time. In trying to blend both, most people may find themselves working for long hours. There are various ways one can overcome these challenges. One can set up a working area where there are no non-wok disruptions such as other family members. Also, one should discuss with the other family members about their plan and schedule but also be flexible in case one needs to be attended to. Another strategy is having a schedule. This is important in maintaining healthy eating habits, connecting with other people, healthy sleeping and hygiene (Carol S, 2020).

Another cause of mental illness is loneliness especially in these times of COVID-19 where there is restriction of movement and keeping social distance (Carol S, 2020). According to WHO, the people at high risk are the elderly and those with mental illnesses. To cope with this, individuals should do some form of physical activities such as exercise and maintain social connections. Social connections with loved one can be done through the digital platforms such as zoom. Individuals can also utilize the time and do the things they enjoy to do by themselves but they have not had time to do them. Activities such as reading a book, trying a recipe, a body care routine, gardening, writing, stroking a pet, arts and crafts, virtual tours and live stream yoga and other workouts.

During uncertain times people experience high levels of anxiety. To cope with this, individuals can do simple relaxation techniques such as breathing in and out, or meditation as they help relieve anxious thoughts. One can also access materials on other relation practices online. When these activities are done regularly they help reduce stress and anxiety. Individuals can also join wellness programs online where most of them are free (Crystal).

In times of a pandemic such as the COVID-19, it is advisable to stay informed but not watching the news so much. Staying informed is important so one can follow what is happening and safety measures given. Also one is able to know what the authorities require of them and take personal protective measures. On the other hand, it is good to get information from verified sources such as WHO and CDC because some information only instills fear, is incorrect and some are just myths and misconceptions. It is good to check what one is watching or reading. To achieve this; check only trusted sources, limit the number of time one checks for updates and one can refrain from the media if they start feeling overwhelmed. One should also refrain from sharing information that is not from a verified source as these increases anxiety and fear to other people who receive the information (Crystal).

To have a good mental health in times of the pandemic, one should try and focus on the things they have control over. Focusing on questions like what will happen, when will the pandemic end, what is the government doing, will only increase our fears and anxiety because they are questions without answers. Instead of this, one can focus on what they can do at a personal level to reduce the risk such as wearing a facemask, washing hands for 20 seconds, sanitizing, avoiding crowds, staying at home, maintaining social distance and following all the guidelines set by authorities (Crystal).

The best way of maintaining mental health is taking care of one’s body and spirit. Even with the disruptions caused by the corona virus one should; be easy on themselves, maintain their routine such as sleep and meals, do the activities they enjoy like reading a book, go out and enjoy nature if possible, do some exercises such as cycling, yoga, and do not use substances such as alcohol to reduce anxiety ( Crystal).

Listening to music also helps to reduce stress and anxiety. Music helps in various ways; it helps one divert attention from the issue that is causing stress and anxiety and also activates and excites one’s body (Crystal). According to researchers, music helps the body produce immunoglobulin A and natural killer cells that attack viruses and improves immunity of the body. Music also reduces the levels of cortisol, a stress hormone.

Individuals can join other community members and faith-based organizations such as churches. This can be done through the online platforms due to the social distancing measures in place. It can be through social media, phone calls, or emails. There can be praise and worship sessions, prayers and even sermons that have a message of hope. This will be important as one can pass and receive a message of hope and this will help reduce stress and anxiety levels. It also helps individuals to shift their focus from the pandemic news and fears that come it (Crystal)

In conclusion, mental health can be maintained easily without expenses. It is just about having things such self-care routines like exercising, maintaining hygiene, eating healthy, having good sleeping patterns. Maintain social connections through phone calls, digital platforms such zoom. Avoid so much news from unverified sources because they spread fear. Enjoy hobbies like reading books, cooking, gardening, and watching. Also avoid self-medication with substance such as alcohol and drugs. Finally, have a balance between domestic chores and work assignments if possible have schedule for each day and a specific place for working. All these are strategies that can help maintain mental health. One should use that which is appropriate for them because different people react differently to stressful situations. Also in terms of hobbies, people have different activities that they enjoy doing by themselves. Finally, when people are mentally healthy, they will think clearly and therefore, follow the guidelines put to protect themselves and their families. This will in turn help reduce the spread and infections of corona virus.

Work Cited

Pfefferbaum, Betty, and Carol S. North. “Mental health and the Covid-19 pandemic.” New

England Journal of Medicine (2020).

Park, Crystal L., et al. “Americans’ COVID-19 Stress, Coping, and Adherence to CDC

Guidelines.” Journal of General Internal Medicine (2020): 1.

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Memory Types and Stages

1. Define memory and briefly explain the stages

Memory refers to the ability of a person to take in information, store it, process, and recall the information later in time. There are three stages of memory that include encoding, storage, and retrieval (McDermott, Kathleen and Henry). Encoding refers to the process by which the brain receives information, process, and combine it. Through encoding, information from the outside world is allowed to the senses in the form of chemical and physical stimuli and which requires processing. Storage is the second stage of memory and refers to the development of a permanent record of the encoded information, where it is maintained awaiting retrieval. Retrieval if the third stage and refers to the calling back of the information stored in the memory in order to be put in use.

2. What is flashbulb memory?

Flashbulb memories in psychology refer to the memories that occur after learning something so shocking or surprising that it develops a strong and seemingly very accurate memory of learning in regard to the event, but not the event itself (Hirst and Elizabeth). It can also be regarded as a snapshot of a moment and circumstances of surprising and consequential news that has just been learned about. For example, during the 9/11 attack, not everyone witnessed the incident, but some photographers took a snapshot that still reminds people of the event to date.

3. How do you study effectively to remember?

The human memory works through processing information and storing it. Reading for the purpose of remembering depends on the duration of retrieval, and this impacts on the types of memories that include sensory, short-term, and long-term memory. If a person is required to remember something after a few days, then they make use of short-term memory, which is also referred to as the working memory. However, if the information is required after a long duration, then the long-term and sensory memory is put into use. To ensure the effectiveness of the memory, even after an extended duration, a person is required to perform processes such as rehearsals (Oberauer). And which will ensure that the information is easily recalled even after an extended time as rehearsals work to train the brain.

Works Cited

Hirst, William, and Elizabeth A. Phelps. “Flashbulb memories.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 25.1 (2016): 36-41.

McDermott, Kathleen B., and Henry L. Roediger. “Memory (encoding, storage, retrieval).” General Psychology FA2018. Noba Project: Milwaukie, OR (2018): 117-153.

Oberauer, Klaus. “Is Rehearsal an Effective Maintenance Strategy for Working Memory?.” Trends in cognitive sciences (2019).

Anallely Alvarez

Eric Elliott

English 101

11/17/2020

Mental Health

According to WHO panic, worry and anxiety are ways in which people respond to uncertainty and unknown situations. In cases like COVID-19, people are afraid because of changes in their daily lives such as restricted movement, working from home, unemployment, online learning for children, and lack of physical contact and wearing of face masks. All these abrupt changes have an effect on both mental and physical health of people (Park et al.).

Mental health affects a broad area of people’s lives. It affects the sleep patterns where one has difficulty sleeping, poor concentration, loss of appetite and poor eating habits. In terms of socially and economically it affects one career, education and relationships with friends and family. People suffering from mental illness can also suffer from alcohol or drugs and other addictions (Park et al.). Mental illness does not only affect at an individual level but also families, community and nation. For example, if an individual cannot perform at their workplace, it means they will have no income and if they are the breadwinner in a family, they are also at stake. This affects even the nation at large because individuals are not productive.

Another group of people having mental health problems are the students as they receive pressures from their parents and teachers. It is funny to observe that the main concern of people in the current generation is to focus on academic performances rather than minding about the mental health of their children. There is a need to balance between the mental health of the learners and the academic performances of these learners as they are both important.

According to the CDC, children and teenagers may react differently to stress. For children and adolescents there may be excessive crying, change of sleeping patterns, so much worry, unhealthy eating and having behaviors they have outgrown. For teenagers, the stress may lead to poor performance in academics, poor concentrations, headaches and body pains, and indulging in substance abuse (Park et al.).

In the case of COVID-19 pandemic, the people most likely to suffer from mental health illness are: the elderly, those with other underlying conditions such as terminal illnesses, those with mental health conditions and those caring for family members and loved ones. This group of people is likely to have more stress because according to WHO they are at a high risk of contracting the virus (Pfefferbaum et al.).

For children, parents are advised to have communication with the children often, keep assuring them they are safe, let the children continue with their normal routine and limit them from news coverage even on social media. The parents also can explain to the children about the pandemic and what it is. Get to know their understanding and correct any misunderstanding they have. This helps them to have the correct information and thus reducing the stress.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, most people have been required to work from home. This has its side of challenges. Most people have stress on how to handle domestic work and work assignments at the same time. In trying to blend both, most people may find themselves working for long hours. There are various ways one can overcome these challenges. One can set up a working area where there are no non-wok disruptions such as other family members. Also, one should discuss with the other family members about their plan and schedule but also be flexible in case one needs to be attended to. Another strategy is having a schedule. This is important in maintaining healthy eating habits, connecting with other people, healthy sleeping and hygiene (Carol S, 2020).

Another cause of mental illness is loneliness especially in these times of COVID-19 where there is restriction of movement and keeping social distance (Carol S, 2020). According to WHO, the people at high risk are the elderly and those with mental illness. To cope with this, individuals should do some form of physical activities such as exercise and maintain social connections. Social connections with loved one can be done through digital platforms such as zoom. Individuals can also utilize the time and do the things they enjoy to do by themselves but they have not had time to do them. Activities such as reading a book, trying a recipe, a body care routine, gardening, writing, stroking a pet, arts and crafts, virtual tours and live stream yoga and other workouts.

During uncertain times people experience high levels of anxiety. To cope with this, individuals can do simple relaxation techniques such as breathing in and out, or meditation as they help relieve anxious thoughts. One can also access materials on other relation practices online. When these activities are done regularly they help reduce stress and anxiety. Individuals can also join wellness programs online where most of them are free (Crystal).

In times of a pandemic such as the COVID-19, it is advisable to stay informed but not watch the news so much. Staying informed is important so one can follow what is happening and safety measures given. Also one is able to know what the authorities require of them and take personal protective measures. On the other hand, it is good to get information from verified sources such as WHO and CDC because some information only instills fear, is incorrect and some are just myths and misconceptions. It is good to check what one is watching or reading. To achieve this; check only trusted sources, limit the number of times one checks for updates and one can refrain from the media if they start feeling overwhelmed. One should also refrain from sharing information that is not from a verified source as this increases anxiety and fear to other people who receive the information (Crystal).

To have a good mental health in times of the pandemic, one should try and focus on the things they have control over. Focusing on questions like what will happen, when will the pandemic end, what is the government doing, will only increase our fears and anxiety because they are questions without answers (Kontoangelos et al. 2020). Instead of this, one can focus on what they can do at a personal level to reduce the risk such as wearing a facemask, washing hands for 20 seconds, sanitizing, avoiding crowds, staying at home, maintaining social distance and following all the guidelines set by authorities (Crystal).

The best way of maintaining mental health is taking care of one’s body and spirit. Even with the disruptions caused by the coronavirus one should; be easy on themselves, maintain their routine such as sleep and meals, do the activities they enjoy like reading a book, go out and enjoy nature if possible, do some exercises such as cycling, yoga, and do not use substances such as alcohol to reduce anxiety ( Crystal).

Listening to music also helps to reduce stress and anxiety. Music helps in various ways; it helps one divert attention from the issue that is causing stress and anxiety and also activates and excites one’s body (Crystal). According to researchers, music helps the body produce immunoglobulin A and natural killer cells that attack viruses and improves immunity of the body. Music also reduces the levels of cortisol, a stress hormone.

Individuals can join other community members and faith-based organizations such as churches. This can be done through the online platforms due to the social distancing measures in place. It can be through social media, phone calls, or emails (Kontoangelos et al. 2020). There can be praise and worship sessions, prayers and even sermons that have a message of hope. This will be important as one can pass and receive a message of hope and this will help reduce stress and come it (Crystal)

In conclusion, mental health can be maintained easily without expenses. It is just about having things such as self-care routines like exercising, maintaining hygiene, eating healthy, having good sleeping patterns. Maintain social connections through phone calls, digital platforms such zoom. Avoid so much news from unverified sources because they spread fear (Kontoangelos et al. 2020). Enjoy hobbies like reading books, cooking, gardening, and watching. Also avoid self-medication with substances such as alcohol and drugs. Finally, have a balance between domestic chores and work assignments if possible, have a schedule for each day and a specific place for working. All these are strategies that can help maintain mental health. One should use that which is appropriate for them because different people react differently to stressful situations. Also in terms of hobbies, people have different activities that they enjoy doing by themselves. Finally, when people are mentally healthy, they will think clearly and therefore, follow the guidelines put to protect themselves and their families. This will in turn help reduce the spread and infections of coronavirus.

Works Cited

Kontoangelos, Konstantinos, Marina Economou, and Charalambos Papageorgiou. “Mental health effects of COVID-19 pandemia: a review of clinical and psychological traits.” Psychiatry investigation 17.6 (2020): 491.

Pfefferbaum, Betty, and Carol S. North. “Mental health and the Covid-19 pandemic.” New

England Journal of Medicine (2020).

Park, Crystal L., et al. “Americans’ COVID-19 Stress, Coping, and Adherence to CDC

Guidelines.” Journal of General Internal Medicine (2020): 1.

ORDER 81270701

Student Name

Instructor

Subject

Date of Submission

Branding

Question 1

MacBook – “Think Different” (laptop computer)

MacBook is a brand of apple that was introduced in 2006 as a replacement of iBook and a transition by the Apple Company from PowerPC to Intel. Solely, MacBook was aimed for education since it has highly improvised features to benefit students. Its speed, size, and internal storage are classic too. MacBook recorded the best sale in 2008 as laptop brand in the USA (Ray 4-7).

Honda Accord Plug-In Hybrid – “Power of Dreams” (Auto motor cars)

Honda Accord Plug-In Hybrid is a brand of one of the leading motor company, Honda and was first introduced in 2012. Its major sales were in 2013, and it was only limited to few states in USA.

Diesel Jeans – “Be Stupid”

Question 2

MacBook is classified under laptop category, which is marked with high competition. Under laptop categories, eminent changes are experienced. The changes experienced are improved internal storage size and security of data against virus. Also, processing speed, energy consumption, and introduction of touch screens in laptops are the latest change in trend in this category. These changes have impacted on the brand by making production expensive and stiffening competition for manufacturers while it has made laptops just like a heaven on earth for users.

This brand is categorized under automobile cars. The changing trend in this category is the worrying environmental issues led by global warming. This has impacted in the improvement of efficiency of a engine to reduce emissions that escalate greenhouse effect (Car and Driver 1). Manufacturers of automobile more so cars are capitalizing on fuel consumption and lately, some have produced electric cars. Honda Accord Plug-In Hybrid is one of the brands that use electricity and gasoline (Car and Driver 1).

Diesel Jeans brand is categorized under fashion. The changes in fashion are vast, and the latest in jeans is the type of materials used in the manufacturing where a stretching material is preferred by ladies. Also, the hardness of the material used in the manufacturing 21-century jeans is changing in jeans. Today, lover of jeans are looking to a type that do not fade and is easy to wash (Polhemus 34-37). This has impacted on Diesel jeans because its manufacturer at some point could not sell their old stock due to lack of compliance with the changing trend. Ultimately, this has led to losses and tightens rivalry.

Works Cited

Car and Driver. “2014 Honda Accord Plug-In Hybrid – Instrumented Test.” Car and Driver. Car and Driver, 4 May 2013. Web. 3 Oct. 2014. <http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/2014-honda-accord-plug-in-test-review>.

Polhemus, Ted. Diesel: World Wide Wear. London: Thames & Hudson, 1998. Print.

Ray, John. My Macbook. , 2014. Print.

Name:

Professor:

Course:

Date

Blackness

Blackness is a practical distinctiveness that exists for the purpose of differentiating black form white. The black man has no identity, and what initially defined him before the white is no longer there. He cannot connect to his past or who he was before the white man put the idea of his identity in his head. His discourse is that blackness is considered negativity; black people are coerced to have on the uniform of blacks. Their identity is unchanging, so that it is a fact of blackness. His tale is similar to that of Jamaica Kincaid. Jamaica, the author of the book At the Bottom of the River, says, “I was always being told I should be something, and then my whole upbringing was something I was not: it was English.” In her angry tone, Jamaica talks about the Island of Antigua, where, to paraphrase, lowly Europeans lived and enslaved black people to feel better about themselves.

Frantz Fanon narrated a good account of blackness when he discussed his experience as a black man in a society domineered by white people (Fanon). Instantaneous, the native has been assigned two structures of position within which he has had to place himself. His norms, customs, and beliefs have been wiped out as well as the sources in which they were founded because they did not conform to an unfamiliar civilization that forced itself on him. The Negro in the 20th Century cannot pinpoint at what time his subservience comes into being through the other. Like Fanon, Jamaica discussed the imposition of the English Education system and the negative consequences of colonization she had to experience firsthand as imperialism tried to turn Antigua into England. Jamaica laments the imposition of the ways of the colonial man without concern for the cultures and norms that were already existing among the natives of Antigua

The theme presented At the Bottom of the River is one of anger towards the white man. Jamaica is also furious that his people have not been able to achieve full independence, and to augment the problem, they have not taken advantage of the positives of colonization. By doing so, the Antiguan, a man and woman of African descent, has let their image be curated to be that of someone inferior and let lose the only tool that he and she could use to reclaim their identity. Jamaica portrays this disappointment to support the significance of formal education and hope for the future by discussing the letdown that is Antigua’s only library, which remains in ruins after the earthquake of 1974 (Kincaid 9). This does not help in contesting the image of inferiority that is branded in the mind of the white man, the world, and the back man himself. Thus the storyteller in the story of the Negro, whose story is the background music in every other account of the oppressed in the world, has succeeded in sending the treatise of “fear” and the idea of “inferiority” to all that care to listen.

Blackness creates an image that exemplifies the mental process of the Negro man and woman, highlighting their unsuccessful efforts at asserting themselves a human in addition to rationalizing their color in relation to a system that is unfounded and based on racism and race prejudice. How does the brain digest the fact that a structure (racism) that is applying such force (resentment against the black man and the people of color) on the individual is really based on a falsehood (white supremacy)? Kincaid draws attention to the fact that natives continue to follow the norms of the white man even after he left. With this kind of behavior and attitude, it would be virtually impossible for the black man and woman to regain the identity they so passionately yearn. Kincaid continues to say that by adopting the ways of the imperialist (which include looking down on the natives), natives have embraced their inferiority and turned their degradation and humiliation in their day to day lives into their own tourist amusement.

Similarly to how the black man and woman struggle with identity in a world influenced by the opinion of the white man, Kincaid struggles with female identity as instilled in her by her mother in a world that is controlled by men. In order to overcome the identity fabricated by the white man, the black man should try to be self-aware by challenging himself not to identify in response to whiteness. Kincaid, on her part, plots a journey to self-discovery that takes an exploratory journey through the idea of love, hostility, affection, and death.

Works Cited

Fanon, F. (2000). The fact of blackness. Theories of race and racism: a reader, 257-266.

Kincaid, Jamaica. At the Bottom of the River. Macmillan, 2000.

A Review of the Essay of “Rose Schneiderman and the Triangle Fire” by Bonnie MitelmanReported by Leslie Regina Goodson

The American History Illustrated, published in July of 1981, featured an essay by Bonnie Mitelman. The essay expounds on the tragedy of a horrific fire at the Triangle Waist Company on March 25, 1911 and the impetus it had on a union activist, Rose Schneiderman. Ms. Mitelman emphasizes the altering change such a tragedy can have on an individual, a small community, a society, and nation.

The Triangle Waist Company was one of the largest shirtwaist manufacturers at the time of the fire. Located in the top three floors of the ten-story Asch Building in Greenwich Village, it usually employed 900 workers. On the day of the fire, only between 500 to 600 workers were there. When the fire was out, 146 were dead. Each death was avoidable.

Minutes of a Women’s Trade Union League meeting held a day after the Triangle Waist Company fire refers to the public indifference to the deplorable working conditions and the pleas for safety reform. One irony of the fire was that a massive strike of garment workers had taken place during the winter of 1909-1910. The reason for the strike was grievous working conditions faced by garment workers. The thousands of women and young girls striking were asking for safety and sanitary reforms in the industry’s workplaces. The result of the strike had been a shorter workweek equaling 52 hours, minimal increases wages, and some safety reforms. However, the instrument that would have given the workers the power to enforce the promised changes was denied them when the strike did not result in the recognition of their union. Prior to the Triangle Waist Company fire the public refused to see a responsibility for the exploitation of immigrant labor and saw striking workers anarchists. This began to change after the fire. The 146 dead made the establishment begin to see striking workers as human beings seeking their rights.

The Triangle Waist Company fire was not the first waistmaker’s fire. Three months before the Triangle Waist Company fire, 25 working women were killed during a destructive fire in Newark, New Jersey. Garment worker reform activist, Theresa Serber Malkiel, went before the Women’s Trade Union League to encourage action to prevent another tragedy such as this. She blamed the greed and negligence of owners and public authorities for the fire. An investigation was begun in cooperation with other trade unions supportive of garment workers.

Max Blank had appealed to the Women Trade Union League during the strike, pleading to have the young girls return to work. He explained that he had a business reputation to uphold and promised the League that he would make all necessary improvements immediately. Because he was such a large manufacturer and was trusted by the League, the girls returned to work. True to Mrs. Malkiel declaration of owners’ greed and negligence, none of the improvements were made.

The Triangle Waist Company had obvious fire violations, but up until the fire there was no one who could or would do anything to enforce them. The doors leading to the outside opened inwardly instead of out and remained locked during business hours. Law required three staircases, but there were only two for the workers at the Triangle Waist Company. Though the Asch Building was reported to be fireproof and showed very little signs of the devastating fire that took place, it had wooden window frames, floors, and trim that fueled the fire.

Amazingly, the Triangle Waist Company was not the only dangerous shirtwaist factory or even the most dangerous shirtwaist manufacturer workplace. Files kept by the Women’s Trade Union League report complaints made by workers describing factories with “locked doors, no fire escapes, and barred windows.” A report from the New York Times told of 14 factories without fire escapes. The article also reported that 99% of the factories investigated in New York had serious fire hazards.

The vast majority of the employees were young girls that were Eastern European Jewish immigrants. Many speaking limited English, only adding to their panic once the fire broke out. The effect of the fire and lost of so many young Jewish women created a “determination and dedication” to reform. And, had changed the socialist rhetoric to a life and death struggle for the community.

The details of the tragedy define what the 1909-1910 strikers meant by “safety and sanitary reform.” Around quitting time, approximately 4:45 p.m., on March 25, 1911 the fire reportedly broke out. Pay envelopes had been handed out to the workers and the workers had begun to leave their work stations. The fire began small, but attempts to put it out failed. The fire jumped from debris pile to debris pile, eating up the fabric used in making the shirtwaists. The workers began to rush to the stairways and elevators. Some made it down the eight flights of stairs, though at least one door leading to the staircase was locked. Some workers made it down the elevators. Some even successfully jumped down elevator shafts once the elevators stopped working. The workers were hindered by the exits that were either locked or blocked and windows that were rusted shut. Only one door was open at the time the workers were trying to escape. Many workers were left trapped behind the mob of escaping co-workers or between the long work tables.

When the fire department reached the Asch Building, the ladder truck was of no use, having a ladder that only reached to the seventh floor. Once the firemen had successfully connected their hoses, the entire eighth floor was aflame. The firemen enlisted spectators to assist in holding the safety nets so that the workers that were escaping to the ledge of the building could jump to safety. However, the jump was from too far up and victim after victim plunged to their deaths, ripping either the fabric of the nets or the grips of those holding the nets.

A haunting scene took place at one of the windows and was reported by a newsman who was a witness. He told of watching a young man help a girl through the window. The young man held her away from the building and then let her drop. He repeated this with two other young women without any resistance from the girls. The reporter likened his actions to a gentleman helping a girl onto a streetcar. The last girl the reporter witnessed being added, put her arms around the young man and kissed him. He repeated the action of dropping the willing girl to her death. Then he, too, dropped to his. His actions saved them from a terrible death by fire. In a sad and peculiar way, the young man’s actions were chivalrous.

Windows that were sealed shut by rust daunted the workers who attempted escape by way of the fire escape. However, they eventually were able to release the window openings from the metallic freeze. The misfortune of this group was that the fire escape ended on the second floor and into an airshaft that ran between the Asch Building and its neighbor. With more and more of the terrified workers climbing out onto the fire escape, but not able to make it pass those already trapped at the end of the fire escape, the combined weight caused the whole thing to collapse, hurling many more to their deaths.

Two fortunate survivors were the owners, Max Blanck and Isaac Harris. They had escaped to the roof, along with a lucky few. The two men were initially charged with first and second-degree manslaughter, but were acquitted of the charges. They collected a sizeable insurance settle as a result of the fire. Ms. Mitelman’s essay refers to Leon Stein’s book’s, The Triangle Fire, and how it depicts the situation with Blanck and Harris and the dead young Jewish girls as “the subtle psychological and sociological implications of the powerful against the oppressed, and of the Westernized, German-Jewish immigrants against those still living their old-world Eastern European heritage.”

Once the fire was out and the building could be entered, scorched skeletons were found still at sewing machines. Bodies were burned to bare bones and many bodies were unidentifiable. Loved ones searched through the bodies for days trying to find a way to identify there mother, daughters, wives, or sisters. Some victims could be identified by the name on the pay envelopes found stuffed into pockets and stockings.

The Women’s Trade Union League met the day after the fire and were joined by 20 other organized groups. They took action forming relief committees to aid family victims through the Red Cross. They agreed to broaden their investigation of fire hazards. They called on their fellow workers to act as inspectors and report safety violations to the proper authorities and to the League. A mandate for the city was drawn up for compulsory fire drills, fireproof exits, unlocked doors, fire alarms, automatic sprinkler systems, and regular inspections. They were able to get the legislature to form the Bureaus of Fire Protection.

The city of New York held a funeral for the dead that remained unclaimed. The Women’s Trade Union League had voted to participate in the public funeral procession and 12,000 members marched from ten in the morning until four in the afternoon.

Among those 12,000 union members was Rose Schneiderman. She had been involved with the Women’s Trade Union League, the winter strike of 1910, and she herself was an immigrant worker. Like so many others, she was filled with regret and anguish for the tragic loss of life. She realized how the deaths could have been avoided had the public and private sectors recognized the message the 20,000 striking workers had spoke of the previous winter. The fiery deaths raised her own awareness of her responsibility to fight for industrial reform and triggered a realization in Ms. Schneiderman that nothing and no one would help the working women but a strong union. This was the vital strength and bond that had failed to materialize after the previous strike. Six weeks after the fire, on May 2, 1911, Ms. Schneider used her persuasive way with words to gain support from wealthy New Yorkers, and to change the opinion of the public to the side of the labor movement. With these changes, civic, religious, and labor leaders were now able to move forward and organize groups in support of the needed safety reforms within the garment industry. Her audience and supporters included the governor of New York, prestigious clergy from the Jewish and Christian persuasions, and family members from the wealthiest of our country’s families.

Her speech could have been about fellowship because there she was at a collaborative mass-meeting being held at the Metropolitan Opera House, but she was true to all the dead of the Triangle Waist Company. She pointed out that this was not the first time these girls had cried out for help, but had been ignored by public. She asked if their charity would stop at the dollar being donated for the dead and would the public allow their officials to continue to oppress those working for reform. She used the sadness of the event and the picture of persecution it illustrated to change history. The result was widespread support for unions and formation of regulatory bodies such as the New York State Factory Investigating Commission and the New York Citizen’s Committee on Safety. Her call for action brought about change that took years, but had a lasting affect that reached all across our nation then and for decades to come.

Ms. Mitelman eloquently brings forth in her essay how the tragic fiery deaths of those unfortunate workers cemented the fellowship of the Eastern European community, encouraged cooperation among unions, brought about awareness and support from a blind populace, safety in the work place and support for union recognition.