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Little Albert and Classical Conditioning

It is widely agreed that classical conditioning has the ability to work on any particular reflex. This includes orienting reflex, startle reflex, emotional responses like fear and taste aversions. The experiment was conducted on little Albert who was at the age of eleven months. The main aim was to condition the child to fear of a white rat when paired with loud noise. In this experiment, the researchers took a rat suddenly out of the basket and gave it to Albert. He proceeded to reaching for the rat using his left hand. When his hand touched the rat, a steel bar was struck behind his head. Little Albert jumped violently, fell forward and buried his face into the mattress. However, he did not cry. He later got up and started to reach for the rat using his right hand. Immediately the hand touched the rat, the bar was struck. At this point, he jumped in a violent manner, fell forward and then began to whimper. From the point of view of classical conditioning, this is also referred to as a startle reflex or a good scare (Watson & Rayner, 1920).

An unconditioned stimulus refers to a type of stimulus hat has he ability to evoke a response that is unconditioned response without previous conditioning. In other words, there is no learning that is required for the response to take place. Conditioned stimulus on the other hand refers to a previously neutral stimulus which through conditioning attains the ability to trigger a conditioned response. Conditioned response denotes a learned reaction to a particular conditioned stimulus whose occurrence is attributable to prior conditioning.

With respect to conditioning, Watson and Rayner (1920) undertook the tests on a table that was cushioned with a mattress and then situated in a small yet well-lighted dark room. In another experiment, Albert was taken into a large and well lighted lecture room that belonged to the laboratory. He was put on a table and placed in the center of that room under the skylight. The results that were attained from the two tests were very different. The concept of generalization refers to a state where the stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus finally elicit same response. An example in this regard pertains to little Albert becoming fearful of all other animals as well as the fur coat of his mother.

According to Watson and Rayner (1920), the conditioning did not last over time because it lost the intensity of the effect that it was having on little Albert. The concept of extinction denotes to the fact that in instances where the unconditioned and conditioned stimuli fail to be paired for a certain number of trials, the organism stops exhibiting conditioned response. Considering the current standards, the conditioning can not be carried out or replicated by the modern researchers. The current medical standards do not allow the humans to be employed in such a research. In most instances, animals are employed in psychological and laboratory research. There are various ethical concerns that surround the employment of this experiment. Seemingly, little Albert is exposed to frightening conditions that greatly undermine his quality of life. This is apparent in his reactions to the conditions the he is exposed to. The fact that the conditions had long term adverse implications on the wellbeing of the child implies that the research was unethical.

Reference

Watson J. B., & Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3(1), 1–14

CONCUSSIONS ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Mireya Ibanez

Mr. Delgado

English 102

March 29, 2021

Concussions are a very common phenomenon in most high schools within the American system of schooling. It is one of the causes of brain damage or injury and for long it has not been taken seriously. However, of late there have been many considerations towards the same whereby the numbers of diagnoses are seen to be going up. This is an indication that most parents and other stakeholders have taken notice of this issue and therefore they have made it responsible for them to fully engage and make sure that their children are properly protected against the effects of concussions occurring in high schools especially due to sports (Reynolds, 2016). The government has also had a big role to play as it has made several laws regarding the protection of the students who are exposed to concussions as well as treatment methods made better through the involvement of research, neuroscience, and general healthcare provision services (Underwood, 2016). Therefore, this paper delves deeper into concussions, explains what concussions are, how frequently they occur along the lines of sporting activities, what the government, the schools, and the parents are doing towards this, and generally what it means to have a concussion as well as the preventive measures possible.

Underwood, J. (2016). Under the Law: Schools should heed concerns over sports’ brain injuries. Phi Delta Kappan, 97(6), 74-75.

Underwood states that concussions have been occurring in the United States as students play in many instances and therefore this situation needs to be contained and handled in the best manner possible. Therefore he states that it is under this that the different governments in different states have made laws with regards to this and they have made it illegal for example a player to be taken back to the field immediately after they have suffered a concussion. Therefore it is an important aspect of the health of the players as they need to be protected from those factors which can lead them to have health issues. He gives an example of a student who was taken back to the field after just fifteen minutes of experiencing a concussion and due to this he developed brain injuries and his health deteriorated.

This article provides us with how the laws have been put into place and how effective they are in trying to control the adverse effects of concussions related to sports. Therefore, this is a strength while on the other hand, the article leaves out what should be done for those concussions which are not diagnosed and not reported. This article, therefore, is of great importance and informs to a great extent a lot about the role of lawmakers in controlling and preventing concussions forms dominating or making the sporting activity lame.

Piazza, S. (2014). Why is it so hard to stop sports concussions?. American Scientist, 102(5), 346-349.

In this article, piazza informs us of how it is hard to stop sports concussions. Through his discussions, we are almost noticing that for sports concussions to stop then we may have to stop sports completely. He discusses and compares researches about woodpeckers’ inability to experience headaches yet they do so much work and use their beaks which are closely connected to their heads. Through the studies, he helps us understand how woodpeckers’ biology and way of doing things is, and therefore it is not easy for them to experience concussions or brain damage because they are specialized in a certain way to their way of living and their manner of doing things. However, for the human brain which if it receives a certain amount of energy it can be damaged there is a need to protect it since it is one of the most crucial and important parts of the human body. he brings to our attention the efforts to stop concussions by different researchers as they have been able to come up with such helmets such that they can tilt inside within themselves and therefore able to make it possible for the head not to experience any pressure or damage since the helmets are designed in a very good way to prevent damage. There are also other ways he suggests that can help us to stop concussions.

This is a very strongly argued paper as it presents us with the different types of information available about the damage to the brain especially through concussions and how this is very difficult to manage or to make possible for it to end. Therefore this article is a very informative one and it is comprehensive as well as thorough and therefore it is a very reliable resource in the research about concussions, how frequent they are, and how they can be stopped.

Giza, C. C., Prins, M. L., & Hovda, D. A. (2017). It’s not all fun and games: sports, concussions, and neuroscience. Neuron, 94(6), 1051-1055.

In this article, the authors present to us the issue of concussions, their relation to sports, and the link between concussions and neuroscience. In the neuroscience sphere, the authors present us with the different clinical aspects of concussions and how they are not able to be imaged using MRI. Giza et, al. supports the fact that it is a difficult situation for the clinicians and their wish and desire to identify the concussions especially the ones caused by sporting activities for early treatment and response, however, this is not easily possible. The only remaining option is for the symptoms to increase and from the conditions which were prevalent or causative towards the concussions to be identified through history and thus treated. Even though apart from this there are many researchers which are being done and which are important towards this area.

In the process of management and treatment, Giza et.al presents us with the different options for carrying this out which is presented in four steps and which include; prevention of additional injury, activity versus rest, energy, neutral-transmission, inflammation and sleep, and finally too good to be true treatments or other findings. The Lystedt Law in 2009 enacted in Washington state looks to protect the rights and the danger exposed to those who are in this field of sports and therefore it is a very important law in protecting the individuals’ sports members and making sure that they are not harmed by the type of sports they engage in. lastly Giza et, al discusses eh risks and the benefits of sports.

This is a very important article as it provides mainly the relationship between concussions and neuroscience and how neuroscience is useful in the treatment of those people who find themselves suffering from concussions. Not only this but it also talks of how neuroscience is trying to advance the treatment of this issue and therefore a very important article for this type of research which is based on concussions and their relation to sports as a causative agent.

Reynolds, G. (2016, October 5). A Single Concussion May Have Lasting Impact. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/05/well/move/a-single-concussion-may-have-lasting-impact.html

‌the effects of a single concussion may be less estimated in terms of its effects however a single concussion may have adverse effects on the mental health of the person who experiences this type of mental disturbance. This is fully supported by this article by Reynolds. This article explains how statistics show that the numbers of those affected by concussions have increased especially among those of the age below 20 years old and this applies mostly to the ladies and girls under this age. This increase happened majorly between 2010 to 2015 and it is a worrying one. Even though it might be considered worrying Reynolds still states that it may be a way forward towards a positive direction since it might be a realization that it is important and therefore it might have led many parents towards going for more diagnosis for their children and therefore the rise in number.

This article also states that if a person experienced more than one concussion when they were young it meant that it was more than a simple concussion but that the child may have a serious brain issue even if lying hidden. Trauma and other mental issues experienced by individuals as they grow up is also an important part of realizing that they may have had a concussion at one point in time and therefore this needs to be looked into closely and the people to be given the attention needed.

This is a very comprehensive article of the new york times and it gives us the ability to see concussions from a different perspective. This is because most people believe that a concussion is just a concussion and may not have adverse effects on someone yet in a real sense they have adverse effects on someone and how they develop their mental abilities. Therefore it is of great significance when it comes to research about concussions.

CNN, J. H. (n.d.). These high school sports have the highest concussion rates. CNN. Retrieved April 1, 2021, from https://edition.cnn.com/2019/10/15/health/concussion-high-school-sports-study

In most American high schools we find that the students are very much involved in sports and into doing many physical exercises. Therefore it is also upon this rate of physical activity and exercises whereby we realize that most of the concussions occur in high schools according to CNN. This article reports research about concussions produced by Avinash Chandran in the university of north Carolina. She stated that the results concerned all the stakeholders including athletes, coaches, parents, and researchers. The information about concussions and their high prevalence in high schools, therefore, needs to be looked into and ways to limit or mitigate the issue put into place according to this article.

This article states that most of the concussions occur or happen during training, practice, and not during the real competition of games. Therefore more need and care is needed when people and the high schools are engaging and training for different sports. The legislation also is having a great and good impact in many states whereby laws concerning concussions and how the students can be protected more and being passed.

Therefore this is an important article when it comes to the statistics and how these concussions are so high in high schools. It serves as a great article and therefore can be utilized to a great extent in the study about concussions.

Concussions in Sports. (n.d.). Www.nationwidechildrens.org. Retrieved April 1, 2021, from https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/specialties/sports-medicine/sports-medicine-articles/concussions-in-sports-article#:~:text=Concussions%20are%20a%20surprisingly%20common%20occurrence%20in%20sports.

Football, hockey, and soccer are the most common sports whereby students suffer concussions according to this article. A student may suffer a concussion be unable to diagnose it as a concussion since most concussions are soft and students may develop a headache as a result and in the process, they only realize that it is a headache and nothing more, however with time it is possible for such kind of mental distress to be a symptom of concussion. Most of these concussions are caused by sports in high schools and they are an important part of the school as they form part and parcel of the high school experience. However, this is a negative experience and therefore it needs to be rooted out. This is being done through legislation, more practice of safer methods, and other ways to make sure that concussions do not continue to take place.

After a concussion, it is highly recommended that immediate action and diagnosis be done to determine the extent of the injury and therefore advice on the best medication which if possible should also be administered immediately. The best assessment to be done for concussions is the neuropsychological assessment. There are rules and laws to end this and concussions are generally evaluated according to their level of severity.

Therefore this is a very important article of the research regarding concussions since it gives information on how concussions are dealt with as well as the basic information like what a concussion is. Therefore it can be of great importance and help in the research about concussions.

In conclusion therefore we can succinctly state that concussions have had a great impact on student’s mental ability and especially those students who are involved in sporting activities. As stated above concussions not only affect a student’s ability to concentrate in class but can even affect their social life and generally make the student a low performer when it comes to many tasks and areas of competence which the student was apt in before the concussions occurred. Therefore it is an important aspect of the lives of the students which needs to be considered great, and all the challenges associated with this solution since mental health is of very great importance to any student in their academic and social life.

Works cited

CNN, J. H. (n.d.). These high school sports have the highest concussion rates. CNN. Retrieved April 1, 2021, from https://edition.cnn.com/2019/10/15/health/concussion-high-school-sports-study

Concussions in Sports. (n.d.). Www.nationwidechildrens.org. Retrieved April 1, 2021, from https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/specialties/sports-medicine/sports-medicine-articles/concussions-in-sports-article#:~:text=Concussions%20are%20a%20surprisingly%20common%20occurrence%20in%20sports.

Giza, C. C., Prins, M. L., & Hovda, D. A. (2017). It’s not all fun and games: sports, concussions, and neuroscience. Neuron, 94(6), 1051-1055.

Piazza, S. (2014). Why is it so hard to stop sports concussions?. American Scientist, 102(5), 346-349.

Reynolds, G. (2016, October 5). A Single Concussion May Have Lasting Impact. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/05/well/move/a-single-concussion-may-have-lasting-impact.html

Underwood, J. (2016). Under the Law: Schools should heed concerns over sports’ brain injuries. Phi Delta Kappan, 97(6), 74-75.

A Principal’s Responsibility For The Actions Of Their Agent

Karen is shopping at Big Mart. She has with her an umbrella which is the same brand Big Mart carries. When a Big Mart employee, Steve, sees her leave with the umbrella without going through the checkout lane, he asks her to come back into the store. Steve says that he thinks Karen is shoplifting the umbrella. Karen tells him that she has had the umbrella for years and shows him marks of wear and tear. Steve apologizes and tells Karen she is free to go. Can Karen successfully sue for false imprisonment or defamation?

Karen cannot successfully sue for false imprisonment because as per the information in this case, the employee simply asks her to come back to the store so as to be able to clarify the misunderstanding. As an employee of Big Mart, Steve had the right to inquire about the originality of the umbrella. This is because he is supposed to protect the store from shoplifting. There is no defamation or imprisonment just a small misunderstanding that is cleared up without so much hustle to both parties.

From what you have learned about the relationship between a principal and an agent, analyze whether Steve or Big Mart could be liable because of Steve’s actions?

Steve is an employee of Big Mart and is expected to always be looking out for the best interest of the store a sue against him cannot hold however against the store it can hold. This is because an agent is expected to act for the interest of the employer (Rogers, 2012). As for the facts of the case, there is a clear reason as to why Karen had to be asked back into the store to answer a few questions; the fact that she walked into a store with one of their product means that when she is leaving she was bound to answer some questions about it. It was just a mere procedure to ensure that there is caution.

Karen was not suspected of shoplifting entirely, what Steve did was simply an act of precaution to ensure that there are minimal potential and actual shoplifting incidences at Big Mart.

References

Rogers, S. (2012). Essentials of Business Law. San Diego: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

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Bicicleta Sem Freio X Just Kids – Pow! Wow! Hawaii

The art was created by POW! POW! This is an urban art movement. I chose the art since it took different dimensions. This art was the perfect one since it is both playful and serious. The Brazilian street art collective Bicicleta teamed up with people at Just Kids to create a big art at Hawaii. The main aim of creating the art was to spread and influence a mindset through creative art. The wonderful creation was developed by the artists since they wanted to instill a mindset in people. Through this, they would tackle and shift daily conversations regarding serious topics. The artists knew the power that was vested in their creativity to unleash a powerful paradigm shift in mindset.

Yash in Stockholm, Sweden

The street art by Yash in Stockholm Sweden elicits many mixed feelings. I chose the image because of the different aspects that were stashed up in one piece of art. The creativity is top notch. Incorporating a bird into that of a woman strengthens the effects of the overall impression. The light colors portray different emotions to create an effect of love and simplicity. The artist created the mural to illustrate how she views life. She created the art to leave everything unexplained such that the general public could offer their interpretations. The piece, in particular, did not serve to offer any solution. This particular image reflects how she viewed life in that instance.

A Project On Corporation And Security Of Staff Devices

Table of Contents

TOC o “1-3” h z u Introduction PAGEREF _Toc372988663 h 3Literature Review PAGEREF _Toc372988664 h 3(a)The Project Research Problem PAGEREF _Toc372988665 h 3(b)The aim of the Research PAGEREF _Toc372988666 h 4Research Methodologies PAGEREF _Toc372988667 h 5(a)Findings PAGEREF _Toc372988668 h 5Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc372988669 h 7References PAGEREF _Toc372988670 h 8

IntroductionIn the past, people could only use computers owned and managed by a company, and no one would think of lugging in their personal computers (PC) to use within the company. However, today, many things are quite different, where there is an increased number of people using smart phones which has become faster and cheaper. The use of these handheld devices by the staffs within an organization have provided services as well as, constant connectivity especially to the mobile workers in spite of all these presenting new threats to the corporate assets (Mitchell, 2004).

Literature ReviewThe Research ProblemThe staff personal devices are causing ongoing concern for most companies for information security. There are sensitive corporate information which can easily be transported as well as lost; however, the use of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) movement has led to an increase number of expensive security incidents. The main problem in this case is that, most corporation up to date are still relying on the staff personal devices such as smart phones and personal laptop for business, however these devices fails to have the same security level than those of the company. As a result, this paper will discuss on the use of personal devices within the corporate and the security issues associated with the topic (Burke, 2006).

The use of staff personal devices is growing dramatically and affecting the corporate of all sizes. The research showed that about 93% of the staffs have mobile devices that connect to the corporate networks and 67% allow personal devices to connect to corporate networks. It is also evident that the staff personal devices are causing challenges especially for the corporate IT (Mitchell, 2004). Among the companies which allowed personal devices on their networks reported that the staff uses their own smart phones, tablets and other devices to work with business information, which caused issues. The most common challenge faced by the IT corporate who allowed the staff to use personal devices include, the security issues regarding the corporate information, tracking and controlling access to corporate and private networks, the managing personal devices containing the corporate as well as personal data and applications.

The aim of the Research

. The research aims in understanding the various risks issues that are brought upon by using personal devices in organization.

Significance of the Research

Most staff often feels comfortable using their own devices as opposed to using the corporate machines. In the United States of America, about 46% of the businesses are today allowing their staffs to use personally owned PCs. Indeed many researchers such as the information technology research and advisory company continue reporting that in future employers will require their employees to supply their own devices to be used for business purposes. Today, the significance of using personal computers is mainly focusing on the choice as well as the convenience for the employees and cost savings for the employers. Most corporate rely on the staffs’ personal devices because they cause a significant time shift in the working behavior of the employees (Burke, 2006). However, some corporate who allows staffs to carry their personal devices such as smart phones in the company have become successful in one way or another. For example, the devices enable the people to conveniently send as well as reply to the emails at any time, and from any location. Personal devices have enabled catching up on emails to be quite easy. It has also suited the staffs given that an outstanding task can now be quickly dealt with while managers on the other hand can obtain prompt responses to their enquiries.

The other benefit of using personal devices such as smart phones in corporate is that, the users will find the devices o be always at hand as compared to big machines implemented within the organizations. As a consequence, staff members tend to have ready access to the businesses, personal information as well as check on the organizations latest business figures. The ready access to information offers a greater choice in a way the staff members work.Research MethodologiesFindingsIt is evident that mobility can bring both advantages as well as, risks to the corporate. As the staff members bring their personal devices into workplace, most organizations are motivated to encourage the use of these devices for business purposes because they increase the employee productivity within the corporate. Personal devices especially the portable ones can give the employees access to the corporate resources as well as, continuous collaboration with business partners. The other advantage of using these devices is that, the devices reduce the IT costs by allowing the employees to often pay for their own devices, most companies save IT spending on the device purchases and communication services. The research also showed that the use of personal devices for work has become very consistent across all the companies. Little variation were also seen in the number of businesses saying they have personal devices on their corporate networks from the smallest business which is about 65 % to the largest 68% as shown below.

Corporation reliance on staff on the use of their personal laptops and smart phones would promote productivity as this allows flexibility in mobility. However, over-reliance on employees’ personal gadgets would compromise the security of data and information of the corporate. Conversely, there are some risks that the corporate may face when they allow the staff devices in the organization. Therefore, these corporate needs to recognize that when the employees connect mobile devices to the organizations systems, the devices must then be treated just like any IT equipment with appropriate security controls (Burke, 2006). Security issues of these devices should be addressed by the corporate at the outset because the devices used may become a point of security weakness which threatens to disclose business information. Research has also shown that most hackers have discovered that the staff members carrying their personal devices to the corporate may have linked both business and personal data within the system; hence it would be easy for the hackers to get more and more information regarding the corporate. Given that, personal devices platforms have not been natively designed to provide comprehensive security, hackers therefore have a strong incentive of developing new techniques or create the mobile-centric malware for the devices.

Access to Data

The targeted groups to this research are corporations and their staffs. Methods used to collect data to this research involved the use of primary and secondary sources. The data was also collected using interviews and questionnaires for the corporate who allow their workers to bring in their personal devices within the organization. The access to these data was not conditional because many corporate have been facing the issues of securities in regards to allowing the staff bringing in their personal devices to the organization (Burke, 2006).

ConclusionThe employees who bring their personal computers in corporate normally know what they want and publicize their preferences more than ever. The organizations who allows the staff to use their personal devices such as smart phones and iPhones is said to be at an all-time high because these companies tend to give the employees greater say over their used devices. The workers on the other hand are also driving the tablet sales and point to tablets as a preferred method of consuming content.

ReferencesBurke, J. (2006). Neal-Schuman library technology companion: a basic guide for library staff (2nd ed.). New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers.

Cole, B. C. (2010). The emergence of net-centric computing: network computers, Internet appliances, and connected PCs. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall PTR.

Lee, D., & Swartz, M. (2007). The corporate, securities, and M & A lawyer’s job: a survival guide. Chicago: ABA, General Practice, Solo & Small Firm Division.

Mitchell, C. (2009). Security for mobility. London: Institution of Electrical Engineers.

Reddy, M. T. (2010). Securities operations: a guide to operations and information systems in the securities industry. New York, N.Y.: New York Institute of Finance.

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Introductions

Children literature has been touted as one of the most fundamental aspects of childhood. This is especially considering that most of this literature is aimed at giving children a peak at the decisions that they should make. This key, crosscutting aspect of these stories is that they always have a moral lesson. Nevertheless, many are times when children stories are changed so as to depict varied ideas and meanings. This is the same case that has been done to the story Little Red Riding Hood. This story has been subjected to numerous changes with the different authors trying to push a certain idea. However, most of these changes have been pushing a feminist idea.

Little Red Riding Hood revolves around a young girl who went by the same name. The girl was walking via a forest while taking some food to her granny. On her way, she comes across a wolf who wants to eat her but is wary of eating her in public. In essence, the wolf approaches her, and she tells the wolf where she is heading. The wolf rushes to the grandmother’s house and eats her and lays in wait for the girl. On arrival, however, the girl notices the strange looks of her “grandmother”. Unfortunately, the wolf hastens to swallow her, as well. Luckily, a lumberjack saves the two as he comes with an axe, splits open the wolf’s tummy and frees the grandmother and Little Red Riding hood. The two then fill the wolf’s tummy with stones, which prevents him from rising up and ultimately leads to his death. While later versions of the story have not been fundamentally different, they have incorporated feminist undertones from the authors.

In Angela Carter’s version of Little Red Riding Hood in “The Company of Wolves”, the tradition idea that associates women as prey or victims is overturned. This twisted version outlines that the grandmother is eaten while the young Little Red Riding Hood tricks the wolf so as to escape from danger. Angela retells the famous story in a feminist lens that shows the completeness and inevitability of corruption, as well as the nontraditional idea pertaining to sexuality and the ability of women to protect themselves through characteristics such as confidence and slyness.

In the beginning, Little Red Riding Hood signifies innocence and purity with her young beauty and blond hair as she is showered with love from her grandmother and parents. The author mentions her impeding sexual maturity. The author states that the girl is “an unbroken egg” or “a sealed vessel” who “does not know how to shiver”. However, there is a marked difference between this girl and others in the town. As much as she is innocent and pure, she also comes across as unafraid, strong minded, as well as full of life. Carter states that the girl has known too much love to feel scared at all (Carter, 5). These qualities will enable Little Red to survive the encounter with the wolf.

The grandmother, unlike the Little Red Riding Hood, is depicted as an old, conventional woman who holds on to the typical qualities of pious servants of God. She is an example of a figure that conforms to the societal expectations. Once the wolf-man comes to the grandmother’s house, she is unable to protect herself using the Bible and apron. She is left vulnerable and unprotected after throwing them to him. Her last image of the wolf-man is that of a dirty, barbarous, and unkempt animal that Carter describes in an extremely sexually-arousing manner. The descriptions are a reflection of the fact that the grandmother had focused her attention to his appearance and sexuality, only to become another submissive victim to the lustful beast. Carter uses the grandmother, who is incapable of fending for herself thanks to her old age and deficiency of intelligence and wit, to show her contempt towards women who robotically follow the societal roles set out for them. Her old age is a symbol of the traditional beliefs that she holds.

Little Red, on the other hand, is depicted as cunning and witty, which is quite different from her grandmother and other typical women in her town. The original story indicates that Little Red questions the wolf about his mighty hands, enormous eyes, ears and coarse voice. This, however, is not the case in Carter’s version of the story as the girl does not cringe away even when the wolf-man reveals his plan to her. Instead, Little Red breaks into laughter and even gives herself to him in a “savage marriage ceremony” (Carter, 7). In essence, the girl relies on nothing, but her instincts, to survive, in which case she makes use of her sexual prowess to trick the lustful creature. This contrasts the grandmother’s reaction of turning to religion and other superstitious beliefs. Instead, the girl trusts her judgment and even sacrifices her virginity so as to save herself. She can even hear her grandmother’s bones making a terrible clattering sound, but she chooses to ignore them all in an effort to save her life. She strives to do everything she can even if she has to go against societal expectations pertaining to women (Carter, 7). Her refusal to be another hapless victim, while other women are unwilling to utilize their sexual powers in overcoming power men makes it possible for her to survive.

Girls and women in general are expected to keep their sexuality under wraps. However, Little Red chooses to let go of her sexuality, thereby reversing the contrasting images. It is worth noting that corruption in the male dominated society has consumed her purity and sexuality as she will never return to her innocence. The transformation that the girl undergoes is inevitable if she is to survive, which is a reflection of the importance of wit and intelligence in determining the manner and appropriate instances when an individual should use sexuality. It is noteworthy that, after the sexual act, there is a shift of power from the wolf to Little Red as she not only takes initiative, but also controls her actions’ direction, which is ultimately connected to her survival. Carter, in this text, is outlining to the readers that girls and women in general should not see their sexuality as an exclusively evil thing that has to remain under the covers, rather they should see it as something that they must value and use carefully in an effort to enhance the power of their femininity.

Ann Sexton, on the other hand, has another version of the same story. Nevertheless, she uses her version to outline the male dominance and capacity of women to define their own destiny. In her poem, “Red Riding Hood” derived from a book titled “Transformations”, Anne states that the women blame the wolf’s death on “its own weight”, which is a deviation from the original story where the wolf was killed by the weight of stones put by the two ladies. The key topic in the poem is that women, during her time, were expected to follow societal standards pertaining to propriety. Sexton uses Brothers Grimm version of the story to criticize the modern society’s repressiveness.

Sexton’s poem underlines the importance of the role of women for various reasons. She outlines that the obedience of the little girl sets her on a dangerous path to her death. She encounters a wolf, which is a male authority that she trusts. She obeys him and ends up being eaten by her. Rather than blame herself for killing the wolf with stones, she chooses to blame the wolf as she does not want to lose her decent and modest appearance. She simply wants to abide by the standards that the society has set for women. The Brothers Grimm version of the story underlines obedience to one’s mother, conformism, as well as submission to the existing male authority. Her use of this version is meant to criticize the patriarchal and male-dominated society.

Initially, Little Red Riding Hood appears stupid as she is deceived by accepting to take wine and cake to her grandmother (Sexton, 94). She aligns herself to the standards of the society pertaining to the behavior of women by listening and even trusting the wolf-man. On being saved from the stomach of the wolf, she feels reborn (Sexton 168) and becomes astute in exacting revenge on this wolf then blames the death on “his own weight’ (Sexton 162). Nevertheless, the fact that the women killed the wolf shows that they have broken societal rules pertaining to propriety. Sexton’s wolf, by being killed by “its own weight” alludes to the notion of women destroyed by lies and deceit told to them pertaining to propriety that exists only in fairy tales.

One of the things that most feminists did not like about the original version was the notion that a man (lumberjack) saved the two women from the wolf’s stomach. This is because the feminists felt that that notion showed or suggested that women require the help of won so that they can be saved. This is what pushed them to incorporate a minute twist to the story. Donna Leishman, in her version of the story, depicts Little Red as having a red sweater and baggy pant, as well as giving her mother dirty looks. These suggest that the girl is a rebellious, young woman. The girl also gets annoyed by the advances of the wolf but chooses to listen to him. Eventually she even has sex with him and gets pregnant, which is a depiction of the changing times where girls become pregnant at a relatively early age. Little red is depicted as a rebellious kid who does not mind talking to the strange wolf. Her becoming pregnant shows that she may have wanted to sleep with the wolf, especially considering that she did not refuse his advances. The fact that she eventually saves herself shows that Little Red (or women in general) are independent and can do things without any help from men.

 

The girl proves to have a different mindset than her grandmother when approached by the wolf. First of all, she is introduced to this carnivore incarnate not as a horrible beast, but as a dashing young man who makes a bet with her that he can reach grandmother’s house faster than her with his compass. His winning prize is a kiss from her, and the girl, secretly wanting him to win, takes her time. However, when the girl reaches the grandmother’s house, she immediately senses a difference in the atmosphere � the pillow is perfectly propped up without a hint of indention and the bible, unlike usual, is laying closed on the table. Her quickness allows her to realize that something is wrong, but she refuses to let her fear get the better of her. She is wiser than the wolf’s other victims in that she controls her fear and plays along with the wolf. It may seem to the readers at first that she is succumbing to the wolf by taking off her own clothes, but her boldness in approaching the wolf, taking off his clothing for him, and then giving him the kiss is rather surprising. By this point, her innocence and virginity is shining ever more brightly as stated, “her hair looked white as the snow outside,” in contrast to the wolf’s lustful and hungry presence (Carter 7). As stated in The Infernal Desires of Angela Carter, “This episode highlights Carter’s favourite rhetorical trope � the oxymoron, which involves the paradoxical twinning of opposites,” The Company of the Wolves presents many contrasting ideas: men vs. women, red vs. white, innocence vs. corruption (Bristow and Lynn). However, when the girl chooses to release her sexuality, she reverses all these contrasting images. Corruption consumes her innocent nature once and for all, for she will never be able to return back to her innocence. This complete transformation that the girl goes through was inevitable for her to survive, and this represents the importance of wisdom in discerning how and when to use powers such as sexuality. Furthermore, the power shifts from the wolf to the girl as she takes the first initiative and controls the direction of her actions, with which her goal is to survive. From this, Angela Carter conveys to the readers that women should not view sexuality as an entirely evil thing that should be hidden under the covers, but something that women should value and use carefully to empower their femininity. Few years after this story was published, Carter stated in an interview with Rosemary Carroll, “Women have not had a voice until so recently and even now this issue is not one with which the women’s movement seems concerned” (Carroll). Through this story, readers can see Carter’s strong belief in women voicing their desires and beliefs by taking action. The fact that Carter states in the end that “It is Christmas Day, the werewolves’ birthday” reveals her view that women should accept the fact that in every man and woman, a beast lives, just as Little Red had revealed her inner beast, by connecting the werewolf’s beginning with Christmas Day, the day of Jesus’ birth. Through this story, Carter conveys that in order to fight the evilness in the world, women must learn to use the powers given to them even if it means succumbing to corruption, because corruption in this world is inevitable.

Measurement and Reporting

Student’s Name

Institution Affiliation

Course Name and Code

Professor’s Name

Date

Measurement and Reporting

Measurement and reporting have enabled the organization to increase the efficiency of work through the motivation of the employees. Employees have also created an enabling environment to perform their duties to enhance customer satisfaction. Therefore, the provided measurement and reporting describe the progress and reporting containing the measures and report, plans for acceptance and applying the practical evaluation system in the workplace.

Progress Report

Measures

As a company evaluator, the measures include the organisation’s activities to achieve its objectives and missions. The company determines the current financial situation concerning the competitors. The economic situation is resolved based on the company’s ability to satisfy the consumers’ needs to adjust to sustainable and cost-effective production approaches, hence a continuous supply chain. Also, the company identifies the challenges that need to be addressed by creating a free forum through which all the employees take the initiative to point out the managerial, financial and production challenges characterizing the company. Another measurement initiative involves determining the appropriate solutions to the company’s challenges. The determination of the solution gets based on using the available resources to create innovative approaches to reaching the business goals by minimizing the possible threats. Moreover, the company determines the potential barriers to the proposed challenge resolution (Workplace Training and Development Commission (Great Britain), 2021). The possible barriers determination enables the company to highlight the threats that may create a loophole in the finance, production and marketing frameworks. Furthermore, taking action is the best initiative through which the company tries to create an enabling production environment for business sustainability.

Reports

Reports enable the company to provide information to consumers, creating a good overview of the company’s performance. The significant reports entail a letter from the chief executive officers summarising the organization’s performance in the previous years by addressing the shareholders. The chief executive officers highlight the company’s achievements. Also, the report entails performance highlights that show the achievement, like the reached goals and the awards received by the company (Ochoa et al., 2019). The performance highlight enables the shareholders to get satisfied with the company’s investments. Consequently, the financial statement creates a significant part of the report by providing quantitative data on the financial performance of the previous fiscal year. It includes the balance sheet, cash flow statement, and income statement. Furthermore, the outlook for the previous years remains the business report that enables the company to understand the current performance position and the plans for future growth (Ochoa et al., 2019). Most importantly, the reports include the shareholders and the potential investors by giving insights into the strategies considering the goals and objectives. It continues to define the employees and the customers by providing incentives and emphasizing high-quality production.

The plans for Acceptance

The acceptance plan determines the agreement between the clients and the managers by stating the task needed for completion and the criteria met in approving the acceptance at the end of the project. It contains the deliverables that describe the tangible and intangible services and products provided to customers. The company offers the MMS that enhances the communication between the management and the clients concerning any production, marketing and financial issues. It has also provided reports that enable the clients to understand and examine the business’s overall performance in relation to their need to purchase the products. Plans for acceptance continue to entail the criteria of meeting the customers’ needs, which the company has undertaken to enhance maximum production. Customers’ needs and wants require comprehensive care determination techniques based on the criteria for handling the final project (Andrianova & Antonacopoulou, 2020). The company has outlined how the instruction of achieving the objectives will be reached.

The use of Evaluation System and Scorecards

The company has developed balanced score cards and organized them into vital specific areas. The immediate vicinity of the scorecard is the financial perspective that defines the specific economic matrices the company had used historically in the performance evaluation. Examples of the financial score cards which the company has adopted include earnings per share, sales growth, revenue growth, and inventory turnover. Consequently, the internal business perspective constitutes a scorecard that enables the company to monitor internal operations to meet its strategic goals (Muda, 2018). The company has applied the use of machines downtown, transaction efficiency, and the number of products produced by the employee. Customer perspectives remain part of the scorecard as the company has used the comprehensive variable to measure customer satisfaction with service delivery. It also entails the number of new customers and referrals, repeat customers and market shares. Moreover, the company has used customer scorecards to assess customer loyalty by determining the quantitative and qualitative survey of the number of repeated customers. The company targets a 95% customer satisfaction rating. The market share target also targets a 10% increment to provide an enabling environment for acquiring new customers. Customer loyalty remains an initiative of customer evaluation practices in the scorecards. The company targets 90% retention of the existing customers by improving the customer service delivery by the employees.

On an internal basis, the company has improved the production processes to reduce the production time hence improving the delivery efficiency to consumers (Muda, 2018). The company targets a 10.5% decrease in production to consumer time. Also, the company tries to reduce the waste on the products produced through a 15.8% target decline in waste generation per production process. It has also enhanced the carbon footprint reduction through the 5% decrease in exhaust and effluents pollutants. Notably, the company, in its score card, has increased the motivation of workers through empowerment by exhibiting the management training courses characterized by internal and external wards. As a result, 20.5% of the employees have completed the management training courses. Most importantly, the company has improved employee retention by creating 90% efficiency in overall employee satisfaction. 50% of the employees have also been increased by using the open door policy to enhance customer service and product delivery. The company has emphasised the production ideas through innovation, hence exhibiting a 20% increase in the production of new products.

Evaluation System Best Suited for Work Environment

Job Classification Evaluation System

The company uses job classification to evaluate the employees based on their job characteristics. The job classification methods enable the management to determine the best-performing employees and organize the appropriate awards (Strah et al., 2022). The managers can also improve creativity and innovative approaches using the grading frameworks.

Stages of Development of Job Classification Evaluation System

The first stage involves the specification of the project parameters that enable the organization to gain approval through the support of senior management. The second stage is the selection of the jobs to be classified. Thirdly, the direction collects data consistent with the job classification by specifying trustworthy data collection techniques. Data collected is then analyzed through the determination of documented job content. The point is consequently used in developing the job hierarchy, where the jobs are grouped into grades based on breaks, defensive, undesirable, and practical approaches (Tsujita et al., 2021). The management allocates the jobs into the existing pay structure to develop a new system. Moreover, the human resource manager documents the design and establishes operating procedures that entail formal and informal decision-making policies. The last stage of job classification is the approval and implementation by the administrative system.

Analysis and Recommendations for Improving the Job Classification Evaluation System

Improving the job analysis evaluation system requires a systematic framework enabling employees to exhibit the quality production process (Tsujita et al., 2021). The production of quality goods and services will enhance customer satisfaction and provide an insight into empowerment and motivation. As such, the following are the recommendations for improving the job classification evaluation system.

The job classification evaluation system should engage key stakeholders in reviewing the evaluation for the recommendations before the final analysis.

The evaluation process should focus on the actions within the control of the intender users.

The specification evaluation should be written in specific and explicit language.

It should continue to explain the potential cost, challenges and benefits associated with the evaluation process.

The evaluation process should also exercise political and personal sensitivity.

The management should invite stakeholders to review and discuss the evaluation process.

Conclusion

Using a job classification evaluation system has given the organisation a competitive advantage over other competitors. The company has also identified innovative approaches through the classification system to encourage the employees’ hard work. As such, the evaluation process used by the company has encouraged comprehensive reporting, determination of the appropriate measures, and profitable planning for acceptance. It has also enabled the proper use of score cards to analyze the employees’ job performance.

References

Tsujita, Y., Uno, A., Sekizawa, R., Yamamoto, K., & Sueyasu, F. (2021, March). Job classification through long-term log analysis towards power-aware HPC system operation. In 2021 29th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (PDP) (pp. 26-34). IEEE. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9407219/Strah, N., Rupp, D. E., & Morris, S. B. (2022). Job analysis and job classification for addressing pay inequality in organizations: Adjusting our methods within a shifting legal landscape. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 15(1), 1-45. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/industrial-and-organizational-psychology/article/job-analysis-and-job-classification-for-addressing-pay-inequality-in-organizations-adjusting-our-methods-within-a-shifting-legal-landscape/10C98FAD9DD22B6FA6CE8008E7985F2BMuda, I., Erlina, I. Y., & AA, N. (2018). Performance audit and balanced scorecard perspective. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(5), 1321-1333. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Iskandar-Muda/publication/336716168_Performance_Audit_and_Balanced_Scorecard_Perspective/links/5b4dc680a6fdcc8dae24d17c/Performance-Audit-and-Balanced-Scorecard-Perspective.pdfWorkplace Training and Development Commission (Great Britain). (2021). Report of the Workplace Training and Development Commission. https://www.voced.edu.au/content/ngv:91798Ochoa, P., Lepeley, M. T., & Essens, P. (Eds.). (2019). Wellbeing for sustainability in the global workplace. London: Routledge.

Andrianova, O., & Antonacopoulou, E. (2020). Responsible manager’s workplace learning. Research Handbook of Responsible Management, 485-500. https://www.elgaronline.com/abstract/edcoll/9781788971959/9781788971959.00042.xml

Measurement and Reporting

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Institution Affiliation

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Date

Measurement and Reporting

Introduction

Measurement and reporting help manage the organization by using technology in human resource projects for growth and sustainability. It enables the company to evaluate its human resource performance to identify its strength and weaknesses. It also creates a paradigm through which the management can quickly achieve the vision and mission by exhibiting the contemporary managerial and reporting frameworks. This paper presents how utilizing the results of evaluation assists in improving human performance technology projects. It also presents the significance of the shift to outcome measurement, impact evaluation, and sustainability from an administrative process. The paper also describes stakeholder analysis and evaluation plans, five evaluation and measurement plans within the workplace and effective measures of reaction, learning, and confidence that might be utilized in the evaluation process within the workplace.

How Evaluation Result can Improve Human Performance Technology Project

Evaluation results have accelerated human performance technology projects by creating a systematic approach to creativity and innovative measures. As such, it has several ways to improve human performance projects. Majorly, it has supported the evaluation of changes that enables the use of technology sustainable to the technological project needs. It also acts as a baseline data that allows the technology to find guidelines through which secure human resource project information storage gets exhibited. Consequently, evaluation results provide feedback for future references through the use of automated machines and artificial intelligence in technological projects (Wickens et al., 2021). Moreover, the changes can be easily implemented using the evaluation result in the human resource performance project. The implementation of changes gets based on using the current development to target the vision and mission of the human resource technological project. Most importantly, the evaluation result of the human resource technology project provides the relative evaluation of the complementary solutions that may affect the human-performing technology project. The solutions enable the project to take the accelerating motive of implementing the recent technological initiative toward the business’s success (Wickens et al., 2021). Furthermore, the evaluation result creates a framework for the profitable management of a project using the technological initiatives that currently define the rapidly growing projects.

The Importance of the Shift To Outcome Measurement and its Impact on Evaluation and Sustainability from an Administrative Process

The shift to outcome measurement is a framework that enables non-profit organizations to measure the effort outcomes. In the evaluation process, the transition to outcome creates financial accountability. The accountability gets derived from how the organization documents the fund expenditures. The eligibility in financial documentation creates an environment through which all resources used by the organization are accounted for and easily traced by the management (Callahan & Kloby, 2009). Accountability has also been enhanced by creating welfare through which the members can quickly implement the social well-being of an individual and the general society. By evaluating the shift to the outcome, the non-profit organization can easily adhere to the quality standard in service delivery. For instance, the delivery issues like staff qualification, record keeping, confidentiality protection and specific service delivery practices are enhanced using the shift to outcome measurement. Most importantly, the change to the outcome has enhanced client satisfaction for the sustainability from one administrative process through quality assurance practices, courteousness, timeliness and cultural accessibility. Furthermore, a shift to effect enhances sustainability through determining the key performance indicators that define and outlines the inputs, services, total cost and human resource rationing.

How Stakeholder Analysis and the Development of Logic Models are Related to an Evaluation Plan

The success of an organization gets determined by the stakeholders’ need to improve the organization’s performance through investment and marketing. For the improvement to occur, the stakeholder analysis and the development of logic models must be considered by the management of an organization to implement the plans and evaluation processes effectively. As such, the stakeholder analysis and logic models’ development are related to evaluation plans in several ways (Smith et al., 2020). Stakeholder analysis enhances the specification of the pragmatic activities about output, long-term program outcomes and the short, middle and results of business plans the same way the evaluation plans determine the short, intermediate and long-term business results. Also, the logic modelling process uses the evaluation plan to draw a low-cost tool needed for the plan implementation. Consequently, the logic model sets the assumptions and relationship between what the program does and the changes expected for delivery (Smith et al., 2020). Furthermore, the logic model acts like a roadmap through which shared responsibility gets presented amongst the resources, outputs, activities and program impact for the sustainable benefit of an organization.

Definition and Analysis of the Implications of the Five Measurement and Evaluation Plans for the Workplace

Measurement and evaluation plans get construed as a philosophical approach in business that the management requires in strategically implementing the strategies. The processes get characterized by five plans. The first plan is the input that monitors the number of resources used to develop, maintain and deliver the activities, products and services. Input determines the amount of money spent on the equipment, the number of employees who have worked per hour and the facility costs. Also, the inputs entail the rental fees, operation expenditures and the number of vehicles for transportation. The second measurement and evaluation plan is the output. The output implies monitoring how many services and activities have been produced. It is characterized by providing the number of items, actions, products and referrals involved in the productions. Consequently, efficiency forms part of the evaluation and measurement plans where management monitors the relationship between the production amount and the used resources. Notably, the efficiency of the measurement and evaluation get created by comparing the output and the input (Hartmann et al., 2020). Efficiency entails the determination of the unit cost and the production cost. Moreover, quality enables the business to evaluate and measure performance by determining criteria for meeting customer expectations. The management must identify the customers’ total output of the essential products. Quality entails timeliness, accuracy, and meeting the customers’ needs and requirements. Lastly, the outcome of evaluation and measurement determines the impact the activities, products, goals, and service has on the audience. The results show the progress towards achieving the missions.

The Appropriate Measures of Reaction, Learning, and Confidence that Might be Used In the Evaluation Process in my Workplace

The Kirkpatrick Model is the appropriate measure of reaction, confidence and learning that might be utilized in the evaluation process within my workplace. Kirkpatrick model evaluates and analyzes the educational, training and learning results by assessing the formal and informal training methods and rating them the reaction, learning, behaviour and result criteria (Alsalamah & Callinan, 2021). The immediate evaluation level is the reaction which measures how the learners find training favourable, engaging and relevant to the jobs. The after-training survey assesses the reaction level by focusing on the trainer versus the learners. Consequently, learning is a level that enables the learners to participate based on acquiring the intended knowledge, confidence, skills, attitude and commitment (Alsalamah & Callinan, 2021). Evaluation of learning takes place through post-learning and pre-learning assessments. The third level is behaviour, which measures the impact of learning on the behaviour of the learners. Lastly, results are the returns that the evaluation process achieves, like fewer workplace accidents, returns on investments and the number of sales.

Conclusion

Evaluation result remains an approach to improving the human resource technology project by acting as baseline data through which the information gets comprehensively stored by management. It also provides the products for future references and the implementation of contemporary technology initiatives. Also, the shift to outcome measurement impacts the evaluation and sustainability through accountability, adherence to quality standards and the satisfaction of customers. Moreover, the stakeholder analysis and the logic development model enhance the specification of activities, drawing low-cost tools and determining short-term, middle-term and long-term program outcomes hence showing the relationship with the evaluation plans. Most importantly, inputs, outputs, efficiency, and quality form parts of the evaluation plans for the workplace. Furthermore, the Kirkpatrick model is the appropriate measure of reaction, confidence, and learning in my workplace evaluation process.

References

Alsalamah, A., & Callinan, C. (2021). The Kirkpatrick model for training evaluation: bibliometric analysis after 60 years (1959–2020). Industrial and Commercial Training. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ICT-12-2020-0115/full/shorturl.at/hrxHQCallahan, K., & Kloby, K. (2009). Moving toward outcome-oriented performance measurement systems. Washington DC: IBM Center for the Business of Government. https://communityindicators.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/kloby-report.pdfHartmann, S., Weiss, M., Newman, A., & Hoegl, M. (2020). Resilience in the workplace: A multilevel review and synthesis. Applied Psychology, 69(3), 913-959.

Smith, J. D., Li, D. H., & Rafferty, M. R. (2020). The implementation research logic model: a planning method, executing, reporting, and synthesizing implementation projects. Implementation Science, 15(1), 1-12. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13012-020-01041-8Wickens, C. D., Helton, W. S., Hollands, J. G., & Banbury, S. (2021). Engineering psychology and human performance. Routledge.

Name:

Professor’s Name

Music

17 April 2012

Live Music Experience Report

Music is a very important aspect in human life. An English philosopher, Friedrich, once indicated that were it not for music, then life would be meaningless (Nietzsche 1). In fact, it is clear that music is a very powerful tool in the lives of human beings. This essay examines one of the writer’s colorful experiences in a music festival he had once attended. This is with an aim of attesting to the fact that music is important in human lives and that at some point in life, it brings joy and happiness. In an effort to enable the reader follow the essay with ease, the writer subdivides the paper into five major sections as shown below.

The style of Music the artists performed

It was back in the year 2011 on the 7th of August when I was privileged to attend an inter faculty college music festivals whose genre was the reggae music in Boston music theaters. The music theater was painted red and the turn up was enormous. The experience and the passion are two things I wonder whether they will come back to my reality. The reggae music was purely nourished with Jamaican reggae and I was able to learn some new terms including ‘Iman, yea man, jah Rasta farri though the list is endless.

Three things the writer enjoyed

The performers had turned up for the occasion and were quite prepared. In fact, they had been in costumes that made the audience believe that they (performers) were really Jamaicans. Their costumes had conspicuous colors that indicated the reggae heritage. It was such a wonderful moment as a fan of reggae music.

In addition to their costumes, was the manner in which they used the musical instruments including the guitars and the drums. The guitar, in particular had a great impact on the audience as it was used to play the chords. This was such a powerful instrument that fostered the interest of the audience in general. The rhythmic assent of off beats in the performance was enhanced by use of the drums.

The third aspect of the performance I really enjoyed was the dancing style, which comprised of waving in the air and shaking of the head in a manner similar to real Jamaican reggae musicians who normally use this in an effort to show their attitudes towards real issues in life depending on the theme of the music in question. Indeed, this was really a proper reggae music performance.

The Most Prominent Expressive Element

I in particular remember Stephen Wilson, a student of Harvard University on stage performing his new reggae song The Isolated Sheep. In his presentation, he tried as much as possible to show a sense of originality. The theme of his music was racism that existed among the black people who lived in the low lands of the country. In order to bring up the essence of the reggae music, his costume was similar to those of the previous performers. Besides this, he also used the drums and the guitar so as bring about the reggae music rhythm, which was one of the criterions that the judges looked at in their assessment. This must have been one of the most exciting moments since at the end of his music; the composer used names and sentences that he never finished. This resulted to suspense on the part of the audience and was willing to continue listening to his performance. However, he had finished his reggae music in stage. Though the suspense, his performance was able to drive the message home concerning racism.

One Song That Provoked the Audience Feelings

Then came this group from Hunter College that performed a rendition of a song by the famous Lutah Fyah; Come Over. In fact, this group fascinated the audience. It was one of such groups that performed in a group of ten where one of the performers would start the music then the others join in some parts of the music. While, the soloist sung, the remaining nine were involved in instrumentation. The group had been subdivided into two where one of the groups specialized in beating up the drums while the others would make use of the guitar. The drummers were in a static point and could not have any movements. However, the guitarist made random movements which really aroused the interest of the audience. This group did provoke the audience feelings compared to all other groups in stage .The group’s performance was wonderful. They incorporated the music with proper instrumentation comprising of guitars, brassy sounds from the drums as well as the wailing vocals from the guitarists.

The Response of the Audience in General

During the performance, the audience was able to be part of the performance whereby, at some point during Hunter’s College performance, they could join them in the dance floor as well as produce the wailing vocals which enhanced the group’s performance.

To this end it would be right to conclude that the performance was wonderful. In line with this everyone was excited as a result of the various groups that presented in the festival.

Work cited

Nietzsche, Fried Rich. Goodreads. 2012. 03 04 2012 Retrieved from <http://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/1938.Friedrich-Nietzsche>.

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Article Title: Biden is Right: Vaccine Refusal ‘Has Cost All of Us’

Introduction

Authored by Kristian Thacker for the New York Times, the Article Biden is Right: Vaccine Refusal ‘Has Cost All of Us’ is an opinion piece published on September 10, 2021, by the Editorial Board. The article’s audience is the general members of the public, particularly individuals above the age of 18. The article generally gives opinions about the uptake of the approved covid-19 vaccines making it a suitable text for people that are eligible to take the vaccine. The article’s main claim is that there is a need for all eligible persons to do what is right for humanity by getting the vaccine. The author lays bare the fact that since their development, vaccines have played a critical role in managing the pandemic as research shows that the majority of people that are succumbing and in the high-dependency unit are unvaccinated. The purpose of this article is to identify and analyze the effectiveness of specific rhetorical strategies employed by the authors in this article including logos, pathos, and ethos.

The Author’s Argument

The article’s main argument is that every eligible person has the primary responsibility to get the vaccine as it is the only way to keep the virus from mutating into even more hazardous strains. To save humanity, we must stop holding out on getting the vaccine. The piece revolves around the question that is on every person’s mind right now—covid-19 vaccine rollout. This follows a decision by President Biden decision to impose even stricter vaccination rules. The president’s decision requires all health care workers, federal contractors, and executive branch employees to get vaccinated. Additionally, his directive requires private businesses with more than 100 employees to take weekly tests or be vaccinated. This is all in a bid to reduce community transmission and avoid deaths now that the new Delta variant has proved to be more contagious and deadly.

The Effectiveness of Pathos in the Article

The author employs various pathos to appeal to the readers’ emotional needs. The author says “Right now, the list of the very sick and the dead is made up almost entirely of the unvaccinated. But as long as the virus continues to spread widely, it can and will evolve in ways that put everyone at risk.” This rhetorical strategy can be classified as pathos because the author tries to appeal to the readers to get the vaccine by mentioning the risk that one places themselves at if they fail to get the jab. The author talks about unvaccinated people succumbing to the virus in the hope that it will convince the nay-sayers to get it. This strategy is effective because it makes the readers think twice about not getting the vaccine. The statement plants a seed of fear of dying from the virus in the readers. It convinces the readers that losing one’s life is not worth the risk when a vaccine exists that significantly reduces mortality rates. The readers are likely to be taken aback by the statement at first. However, the readers are likely to realize that the authors are right on the notion that the vaccine is the best weapon there is against the deadly virus. The statement helps the author’s cause because it prompts one to encounter first-hand how hazardous the virus is. The statement prompts readers that are eligible for the vaccine to want to get it to keep them safe. If this statement were to be changed, the text would still be successful in passing the main message but it would probably have less effect. The number of people that would be convinced to get the vaccine would be lower.

The Effectiveness of Ethos in the Article

In addition to using pathos, the author also employs ethos in the passage as a rhetorical strategy to pass the main message to the readers. The author writes, “Yet vaccine resisters carry on about violations of their freedom, ignoring the fact that they don’t live in a bubble, and that their decision to stay unvaccinated infringes on everyone else’s freedom — the freedom to move around the country, the freedom to visit safely with friends and family, the freedom to stay alive.” The author uses this particular strategy to speak to the ethics, standards, values, and principles of the readers. The author tries to pass across the point that although there is free will, the choice to not get vaccinated not only places a person at risk but it also impacts the lives of family, friends, and their freedom of movement. The statement is effective because it makes a reader want to protect humanity by getting the vaccine. Nobody wants to be the reason why their loved ones succumb to the deadly virus when there is something one could have done to prevent it. The reader reacts to the quote by showing a sense of empathy and responsibility. It makes a person want to make an informed decision that their fellow human beings would appreciate. It makes a reader realize that no man is an island and we all need each other. The only way to curb the spread and mutation of the virus is if as many people as possible get vaccinated. The text would be less impactful if this passage was changed. This is because it carries a lot of weight in the entire article. The statement calls out the people that are resisting the vaccine by noting that vaccine rejection infringes on everyone’s freedom of movement and that to stay alive and healthy.

The Effectiveness of Logos in the Article

Furthermore, in addition to using pathos and ethos, the author also makes use of logos to appeal to the readers. The author mentions various facts that explain the need for increased uptake of vaccines. The author writes, “ Yet tens of millions more have not, allowing the more contagious Delta variant to sweep across the country, where it is now killing more than 1, 500 people in the United States daily.” Here the author uses facts and numbers to show the extent of the seriousness of slow uptake of vaccines among eligible persons. For an intellectual person, the mention of 1,500 succumbing to the virus on a daily basis evokes feelings of fear. The statement helps the cause because it makes the reader want to help solve the crisis by getting vaccinated. The fear of dying from covid-19 supersedes everything else. One had rather get the jab than start regretting if they fall ill knowing that they could have done something to prevent the ordeal. If the passage were to be changed, the text would be less impactful to the readers.

Conclusion

In closing, with the emergence of the more contagious Delta variant, there is a need for eligible persons to seriously consider getting the approved covid-19 vaccines. As much as vaccination is a personal choice, it is every person’s reasonability to play their role in fighting the pandemic. Upon reading this text, I realize that the only way for us to move forward is if we decide to unite and ensure as many people as possible get the vaccine. As the human race, we have better chances of survival if we take the vaccine. Initially, I did not care much about getting the vaccine but upon reading this piece, I am convinced that getting the vaccine is the better choice. As a human race, we must remain open-minded and embrace science wholeheartedly. Bottom line is, it is better to have the vaccine than to wait to catch the virus, as it is only a matter of time. To all eligible persons, let us all show patriotism and humanity by getting the Food Drug Administration approved vaccine closest to you.

References

The Editorial Board. (2021, September 12). Opinion | Biden Is Right: Vaccine Refusal ‘Has Cost All of Us.’ The New York Times.

Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/10/opinion/biden-covid-vaccine.html