Category: Uncategorized

Nursing

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Scenario #1

Being a mental patient whose problem started at about 30 days, it would be easy for the local county social manager to solve the case. The reason behind is that the patient is not pronounced to be mentally sick and the problem is temporal. The facility is the hospital to where the patient has been admitted, and the treatment is ongoing. The staff, in this case, is the local county social manager and the staff in the hospital where the 30-year-old individual was taken for treatment.

For this case, there are ethical as well as legal measures to be taken to avoid compromising with the law. As the individual has regained his consciousness, the social manager should get permission from the staff to whom already has the patient. By talking to them and telling them his intention, it will be more ethical as the case will already be known to a third party taking into consideration that the patient has no known relative. Also, since the patient can speak the social manager should seek consent from the victim such that he should not get sued for doing things without informing the victim.

To begin with, the story in the newspaper was a hint to the social manger on an effective method of the treatment of mental conditions through psychotherapy that involves the use of psychological means rather than using medic methods. According to the paper, the method has been approved, and so it’s not the first time that it will be put on trial. Ethically, the use of psychological methods of mental treatment may be emphasized rather than the use of medicine. The reason is due to the side effects that are caused by the drugs. The patient may have suffered such conditions such as depression and therefore word of mouth could be more touching rather than subjecting the person to more medicine. The plan here would be to secure a private room between the two and a place to which both the patient and the social manager are convenient, creating a conducive environment for discussions. Then counseling should not be done for long hours as the patient might get bored and unwilling to provide the details that are required. Furthermore, so much personal questions should not be asked so that the patient is not pissed off and refuse to cooperate.

The cultural issues present in the scenario are also seen as being the ethical considerations. The local social manager should follow the required steps before taking full control of the patient, and that is talking with the staffs so that treatment is done on both sides alongside the psychotherapy. There are no budgetary concerns in this case, as the service being provided is counseling and the social manager can as well do it effectively as long as he is capable of doing the outselling. If the social manager is unable to provide the counseling as well as the staff in the hospital, a professional counselor may be hired.

Scenario #3

In this scenario, three main factors are calling for action, and they include patient safety, use of unqualified personnel and the third problem is erroneous lab reports. Having been provided with a budget worth $ 25,000 and 4 weeks to address the situation, a quick decision has to be reached and implemented as fast as possible.

There are so many ethical issues that are arising out of the three problems highlighted, and some of the ethical issues include professionalism, as well as patient safety. Using restraints undermines the patient’s safety due to the limitation in the number of resources to which a specific patient is using. In the event in which the patients happen to share the same bed, the safety of the patient’s health wise is not guaranteed as the patients do not suffer the same type of diseases and also the issue of contracting your neighbor’s disease arises.

The use of the unqualified personnel in the treatment of the patients arises another big question on the effectiveness of the treatment carried out and as to whether the patients are under another risk of having their diseases become worse. To make it worse, the reports from the laboratory are also full of errors, and this adds more problem the unqualified personnel, and the whole process is questionable as in how could a patient be treated if the diagnostic results are not right.

In the plan, the priorities would be directed much on the laboratory and the staffs and then increase the number of instruments being used in the hospital. In my budget, half of the money would be directed to the hiring of new professionals as well as training them for the necessary skills that are needed in the facility. The rest of the money would be divided again into two, such that one of the halves will be directed to the purchase of new laboratory items such as modern microscopes and other essentials so that good results are produced.

It will be noticeable if the bad results were being produced due to the incompetent staff, then the issue has been solved by the recruitment of new professionals and topping up with new machines to boost diagnosis. The rest of the money will be directed to the purchase of other essentials that are shared such as the beds to reduce constraints on the available resources. All these changes will be effected before the fourth week, with the hiring of the professionals and lab equipment being completed by the second week.

Scenario #7

1. In this case, Randal should replace patient A, the 59-year-old female, comatose, stroke victim who has been in the ICU for 33 days, having an uncertain prognosis, is retired and has no family.

The reason as to why I could consider my answer as the best is because the woman is past menopause. And she cannot get a child of her own and the worst of all she has no family, and this means that even after making all the efforts to save her life she will be of no value to the community to which she will go back. Furthermore, the woman is retired, is in a coma, a victim of stroke and to make it worse she has an uncertain prognosis, and this makes it difficult for her to survive.

On the other side, the new patient is just 24 years old, has just completed college and won a scholarship, and furthermore, she is pregnant. The new patient is a girl with a promising future as she is still young and again she is pregnant which brings the issue of saving two lives in one. In my own opinion and regarding the ethical issues as well as the acceptable norms, I would sacrifice the life of the old woman in favor of the new patient. The reason is due to: one is that the new patient is a beginner in life while the old woman has accomplished her dreams already and she has retired. The old woman is past menopause and therefore she can’t have any baby and to sum it all, she might not even come out alive as even the prognosis is uncertain. It would be thus advisable to put the old woman into a merciful death and assist the new patient who can easily be treated, and two lives get saved.

2. The steps that could be followed to reach the conclusions is to analyze the probability of getting out of the ICU alive, the importance of the person to the society, age as well as the fertility status of the individual. According to age, all the other patients are young and therefore have a higher probability of reproduction. The importance of the person in the society also can contribute to the conclusions. With the old woman having no relative to claim and no children to comfort her, the new patient is engaged and expectant as well, the 13-year-old has her family in the city, the 35-year-old has an aged mother and the two weeks premature male has his family while the old woman has none.

3. To efficiently deal with such cases, it is mandatory that all the ICU facilities have extra life-supporting equipment’s that are essential to the maintenance of a person’s life. For this case, if the facility had more of the ICU equipment, then the doctors and nurses could not be having a hectic time in trying to eliminate one life while the ultimate goal is to save lives.

Kashmir Issue:

A look into Indian-Pakistan Conflict over the Kashmir Territory

Kashmir Issue

Introduction: overview of Kashmir Conflict

Prehistory of the conflict: preview of historical developments on Kashmir conflict

Causes of the Conflict

India-Pakistan Conflict and Partition from British Indian Empire

Current State of Affairs

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Kashmir Issue:

Introduction

The Kashmir issue is a conflict of territory between Pakistan and India over the Kashmir region. The Kashmir region is located in the northwest part of South Asia. The Kashmir issue is unresolved to date. The two countries; India and Pakistan, have gone to war in 1947, 1965 and 1999 over control of the Kashmir region. The conflict in Kashmir has come to symbolize a long-standing difference that exist in the founding of the two nations, one Hindu and another Muslim; India and Pakistan.

Pre-history of the conflict

Conflict of interest arose between militant groups of Kashmir, Indian Armed Forces and separatist movements on who should control Kashmir. India believed the militants involved in the conflict on control of Kashmir received support from Pakistan. Recent years have seen the Kashmir conflict fading away. Although India claims ownership of the entire Kashmir and Jammu state from year 2010, it only controlled about 43% of that region including most of Jammu while Pakistan controlled 37% of Kashmir. China controlled 20% of Kashmir it occupied after going to war with India in 1962 (Sino-Indian War) and claims the Aksai Chin and part of the 20% of Kashmir ownership belongs to China and doesn’t recognize its addition to Kashmir territory. Pakistan said the Kashmir people must determine Kashmir ownership. Some independent parties wanted Kashmir to be free of both India and Pakistan. India administered Kashmir was actively conflicted between the Indian military and Kashmir people or inhabitants who are Muslim majority. In 2008, elections were held in Kashmir which led to the formation of pro-India government in Kashmir state. In 2001, an American think tank by the name RAND Corporation believed Pakistan was fuelling the conflict in Kashmir by sponsoring Islamic militants with the help of its Intelligence agencies with the aim of gaining more stakes in Kashmir region. It is the believe of the Indians that Kashmir is part of their territory, but some occurring unrest have caused India to lessen this stance. Pakistan believes Kashmir should be part of its territory because the majority of its inhabitants are Muslims just like Pakistanis, a Muslim nation. (Reynolds, “Jammu-Kashmir Conflict”).

Causes of the conflict

In Ancient times before the Kashmir issue began, people of religious diversity including Islam, Hindu, Sikhs and Buddhist who lived together in an environment of tolerance for one another inhabited the beautiful valley. But in modern geopolitical era, things changed, to an era of warfare mainly between the Hindu and Muslims. The conflict took centre stage in the late 1980’s when insurgency broke out in Kashmir. The once beautiful valley was in the verge of being torn apart, even bringing the rest of the world to war because of Kashmir Issue. Kashmir state was formed in the year 1846 as Jammu and Kashmir. Raja Gulab Singh of Jammu bought Kashmir for Rs. 75000000 from East India Company and added it to his rule that included Jammu and Ladakh. (Raman, “Understanding Kashmir: A chronology of the conflict). The majority of people in Kashmir are Muslims. In 1947 when India Subcontinent became free, it was a requirement that princely states cede power to either India or Pakistan based on factors that included the people’s wish, and geographical continuity. Kashmir rulers signed a standstill agreement with Pakistan, a majority Muslim nation. The aim of signing the Standstill agreement was to delay the ceding of power to either India or Pakistan with the intention of finally Kashmir remaining independent. (Raman, “Understanding Kashmir: A chronology of the conflict”). Kashmir was expected to cede power to Pakistan because it was contiguous to Pakistan and inhabited by majority Muslim population. Contrary to expectations, the Hindu ruler ceded power to India, and that is how Kashmir issue started (Raman, “Understanding Kashmir: A chronology of the conflict”). A Hindu leader ruled over the majority Muslims in Kashmir and imposed oppressive taxation schemes. When Muslims in Kashmir started protesting, they were fired upon by Hindu forces resulting to the death of innocent Muslim people. An organized rebellion by Muslims against Hindu in Kashmir started over in August of 1948 where Hindus and Sikhs were killed. Armed groups of Hindus and Sikhs with the aid of state authorities retaliated the attack by massacring Muslims in September the same year.

India-Pakistan Conflict and Partition from British Indian Empire

The Kashmir issue that exists to date between India and Pakistan is a religious inspired political rivalry between these two countries. The Kashmir issue is believed to have started in the beginning of year 1900 when Indian Hindus were seen not to represent interests of Indian Muslims. The conflict put a wide rift between the two communities. Independence from the British Empire was approaching and it seemed not possible for the two communities to form a single nation. Muslims feared being ruled by the majority Hindu thus the partition of colonial India into India and Pakistan. The two countries are still in conflict, the focal issue being the territory of Kashmir. (Nosotro, “Hindu-Muslim Conflict and the Partition of India”).

Current State of Affairs

India has lessened its stance on the Kashmir issue on what began as a high profile national interest on the issue it had long been attached. The factors that explain the change of tone of India about Kashmir include its Partial success of economic liberation during the 1990s, the significant success India has made towards the position of world power and India sees the Kashmir issue as partially settled. The pursuit against armed militancy of Muslims in Kashmir by India is something India is accustomed to and the majority of Muslim population sees as oppression. (Reynolds, “Jammu-Kashmir Conflict”).

Works Cited

AkhilaRaman. “Understanding Kashmir: A chronology of the conflict”. June 2002. India Together. Web. 17 June. 2011.

Nathalene Reynolds. “Jammu-Kashmir Conflict”. August 2009. Exploring Geopolitics. Web. 18 June. 2011

Rit Nosotro. “Hindu-Muslim Conflict and the Partition of India”. 2000. Hyper History. Web. 20 June. 2011.

Literary Analysis Of Pilate In Toni Morrison’s “Song Of Solomon”

Introduction

Issues toughing on racial discrimination have always drawn considerable controversy. This is especially considering that the history of the United States is rooted in racial discrimination especially against the black people. The fundamental nature of this aspect is evidenced by the fact that a considerable volume of literature has been done on it, trying to explain its various aspects. On the same note, the theme of racial discrimination has inspired and been incorporated in various fictional works. This is the case for Toni Morrison’s book, Song of Solomon.

Song of Solomon is a story that is set in Michigan. It traces the life of Milkman, since his birth to the age of 32, while focusing on his aimless and spiritually empty life as a young man trapped in the materialistic lifestyle of his dad and the traditional values that Pilate upholds. This book explores the pursuit for cultural identity. The story, based on African American folktale pertaining to enslaved Africans who escape from slavery by finding their way back to Africa, tells of Milkman’s story of alienation from his people, estrangement from family, community, as well as cultural and historical roots. The young man is spiritually dead and mentally enslaved, but he embarks on a spiritual, as well as physical journey that enhances his capacity to realize his self-worth and reconnect with the past with Pilate’s help and assistance of Guitar Bains. One of the most crucial characters in the story is Pilate Dead, who is Milkman’s auntie. This lady has been sufficiently used in the exploration of the theme of flight as a means for escaping slavery. It is evident that Pilate’s character places her as an embodiment of courage, strength, as well as love with Mother Nature and love for one’s cultural roots.

Pilate is the key, female protagonist in the story. She is closely linked with the family history and is rich in connotations. Her mother had died while giving birth to her, or rather before giving birth to her but she was sufficiently strong as to fight her way out of the womb. This is the strength that was to characterize her life even as an adult. Nevertheless, Pilate did not have a navel, a handicap that resulted in her isolation from the ordinary people of this country and even had a bearing on the independent and autonomous way of life. Her mystical qualities of half witch and half human gave her the ability to communicate with the dead father. It is stated that “Pilate was believed to have the power to step out of her skin, set a bush afire from fifty yards, and turn a man into a ripe rutabaga- all on account of the fact that she had no navel (Morrison 94).

On various occasions, Morrison uses symbolism to underline the nature of Pilate. One of the symbols that she uses is the perfect, soft-boiled egg. Pilate makes the eggs and shells off of them, after which she opens them up thereby revealing their soft insides. This is when she starts outlining the captivating stories pertaining to seeing her father’s ghost and watching a man die. The act of splitting up the egg gives the readers the impression that her capacity to get open is up is tantamount to having the capacity to deal with matters in a conclusive manner.

Despite the misfortunes that she has undergone, Pilate remains selfless and loving with her only regret at her time of death being that she could not extend her love to more people. It is noteworthy that her loving nature is nor a weakness rather it is her strength. This is especially seen when Reba, her daughter is beaten by a man. Pilate is seen pushing a knife within an inch of the man’s heart and warns him against touching Reba every again. While Pilate is well in her sixties, she prevails against Reba’s abuser, who is a strong young man.

Pilate is a representation of the close link to the people’s ancestry and Mother Nature. She is the crucial life force that strives to maintain the pedigree of the family above all other means. At the same time, Pilate’s complexion is extremely black, in which case it comes as a reminder of the African roots of the family. The deliberate choice of the Pilate (the blackest female) as the most powerful character for the novel underlines the ideology pertaining to the “Beauty of being a Negro”, a notion that was a fundamental pillar in the Harlem Renaissance.

One of the fundamental aspects of the story is the incorporation of folk songs, which also cement the nature of Pilate (Morrison, 22). Singing folk songs, pertaining to the Sugarman’s flight, reaffirm her stand against oppression through recreation of a past where her ancestors were expunged from the jaws of oppression. It is worth noting that the recreation of her past sustains the various characters living in the present. Milkman and Macon Jr. need Pilate so as to ensure that they retain the last vestiges pertaining to their humanity. As milkman comes to realize at the end of the journey, Pilate remains the only human being that has the capacity to fly without touching the ground. This implies that she is sufficiently liberated, in which case she does not have to run away so as to regain her freedom. In the end, Pilate becomes the model character of the story and novel. She shows the fact that strength does not necessarily have to be incorporated at the expense of humanity or gentleness. In addition, she exemplifies the fact that freedom never has to be compromised by the compassion of other people.

The existence of Pilate in the story is fundamental as it keeps matrilineal line alive especially considering her opposing values to the obsession with materialism. She attracts Milkman to her by the forbidden fruit pertaining to her knowledge (Morrison 24), which urges the young man to find out the truth about his ancestors. Pilate becomes the surrogate mother and spiritual guide to Milkman, thanks to her role in the creation and preservation of life. She inspires Macon because of her capacity to fly without detaching her feet from the ground (Morrison 25).

Names have also been seen as incredibly significant for the entire Dead Family thanks to their practice of choosing names in a random manner from the bible. Power is associated with the power to define and name perception and reality, especially in the case of Pilate’s attachment or connection to her name. She has even wired the name through her earlobe. Her acknowledgement of the crucial nature of a name, as well as the utilization of Sing’s box, underlines the fact that she connects the past and present using the unshakeable love necessary for creating the likelihood of a real future. It is only when she understands her past that she can establish a future worth admiring.

In conclusion, Toni Morrison has used Pilate as an embodiment of courage, strength, as well as love with Mother Nature and love for one’s cultural roots. The incorporation of folk songs reaffirms her stand against oppression through recreation of a past where her ancestors were expunged from the jaws of oppression. Toni incorporates various symbolic elements in the story, one of which is the perfectly, soft-boiled egg. Pilate, by splitting it up and giving riveting stories, is seen as someone who would strive to deal with any matter in a conclusive manner. The deliberate choice of the Pilate as the most powerful character for the novel, despite her extremely black complexion, underlines the ideology pertaining to the “Beauty of being a Negro”, a notion that was a fundamental pillar in the Harlem Renaissance.

Works cited

Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. London: Vintage, 1998, print

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Martin Luther King’s Letter from the Birmingham Jail

One of the known civil rights in the mid-20th century across the United States was Martin Luther King Jr, who was always willing to fight for the rights of the African Americans. King lead several peaceful demonstrations across the country with the aim of creating awareness on the suffering that Black Americans were going through and advocating for equality among races. His activisms lead to his arrest and detention in one of the Birmingham jails. While in jail, he received a condemnation letter from the white clergy who felt that his activities were not appropriate. In response, King decide to write a letter of letter to the Alabama white clergymen to condemn their speculations and expose how hypocritical they were and justifying in activism and actions in the pursuit for equal rights and an end to racial segregation.

From his letter, King was concerned that many people would not understand why he engaged in civil rights advocacy. At the moment, people would not relate his fight against racial segregations and even his fellow clergymen did not see his pursuit of equality as a noble idea. In his letter from the Birmingham jail, he outlined the various reasons why he was engaging in civil rights advocacy and wanted to appeal to all people to understand the need for racial equality. His letter did not in fact address the African Americans but it sought to answer the concerns raised by the six clergymen letter and appeal to moderate whites on the injustices that we being perpetuated.

Although King was really concerned about the accusations made by the six white clergymen, he used a diplomatic tone in responding to their letter with the aim of appealing to the moderates. King was certain that for his mission to succeed and ensure that racial profiling and segregation could come to an end, he ended to attract the support of the moderate whites. King considered this as a more achievable way through which he would be able to ensure that the aims of the civil rights advocacy groups would be achieved.

In his letter, King decided to use a Biblical analogy as this would be appealing to the clergymen and himself. A Biblical analogy made it possible for King to convince the white moderates of what his ambition was while he was in Birmingham. The clergymen whom King addressed the letter to would easily relate with a Biblical analogy as they he read and studied the Bible. The background of the clergymen would ensure that they understand why King was engaging in civil rights advocacy and acknowledge that his actions were aimed at achieving a general good for the whole community and country at large. According to King, ‘An injustice in one place was an injustice everywhere.’ King was focused on dismissing believes by the white Christians that the black people should wait for equal rights to manifest themselves in the society without having to take action to address racial segregation. He hoped that his audience would realize that the time to fight racial segregation and other injustices against the black Americans was now and each moral person needed to take action.

King’s letter was meant to advance the race debate and act as an eye opener for the white moderates on the need to join hands with civil rights advocacy groups in campaigning for equality. Although the tone was sincere and polite, King ensured that he would direct his sentiments to his target audience and ensure that they would be able to relate with his concerns personally. He used personal address when referring to the clergymen and this played a major role in ensuring that the target audience would relate with King’s concerns at a personal level.

References

Burrell, Kristopher B. “Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Greater Vision: Manually Bending the Arc of Time Towards Justice.” (2018).

Chenoweth, Erica, and Juliet Hooker. “The Civil Rights Movement and US Democracy: A Discussion of” Gospel of Freedom: Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter from Birmingham Jail and the Struggle that Changed a Nation” By Jonathan Rieder.” (2014): 716-719.

Pierre-Louis, Gabriella, et al. “Rhetorical Analysis of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail.” Panel Discusion.” (2015).

Rieder, Jonathan. Gospel of Freedom: Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter from Birmingham Jail and the Struggle that Changed a Nation. Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2014.

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Marvin Ree’s Speech ‘How is Your City Tackling the Climate Crisis’

The speaker of the TED Talk Speech is Marvin Rees, the Mayor of Bristol City in the United Kingdom. Published on May 24th, 2022, Rees addresses the climate crisis, positing that unlocking the full potential of cities is the only way to end the crisis. One of the techniques Rees uses to establish credibility is asserting his position as a Mayor of Bristol to his audience. He mentions that the proximity of the Mayors to residents means that they are immediately accountable for delivering change that people see and experience. He constantly reminds his audience that he is the Mayor to show that he is aware of the crisis that cities are under, seeing that he represents local government.

In terms of speech delivery, Rees employed various tactics that made his speech delivery successful. Rees appears rather composed and confident. His posture and body language indicate that he is well prepared for the speech and ready to address his audience. He is also well and smartly dressed, making him look presentable. Rees maintains eye contact with his audience as he meticulously delivers his speech. He also speaks eloquently and loudly, making it easy for his audience to hear what he is saying. Notably, there are no disfluencies in the speech; Rees speaks without breaking. He does not stammer or mince words; he is a fluent speaker. Evidently, Rees displayed confidence when delivering this speech to his audience.

The speaker, Marvin Rees employs an excellent language choice that befits his speech. To avoid repetitions, Rees uses the anaphora; pronoun ‘they’ repeatedly. He uses the word ‘they’ to refer to the Mayors that he keeps mentioning throughout the speech. He says that while the mayors are doing a commendable job coming together and taking necessary steps to change cities, they need outside help. He says that the support they need cannot wait as it is only to address the climate change crisis. Using anaphora helps eliminate redundancy that would have come with repeatedly mentioning ‘the mayors.’ The speaker does not use any form of personification, metaphors, similes, and alliteration. Rees avoids using inclusive language such as slang and other expressions that come off as discriminatory. It would not even be appropriate to use such language considering the setting and audience he is delivering the speech. Rees’s language choice proves effective in the delivery of the message he carries. If he employed inclusive language, he would rub his audience the wrong way, which might make them not pay attention to his speech.

In my viewpoint, Rees makes strong and valid point about how to go about the climate change crisis that currently faces the world. I agree with that cities are one of the most effective tools that society has at its disposal for leveraging climate change. He says that cities are perfect for leveraging efficiency in relation to land, waste, and energy. Rees makes valid points because these three sectors are the ones that contribute largely to the ongoing climate crisis that threatens the existence of future generations. Undoubtedly, cities are where air and noise pollution is a major problem. Cities also struggle with the problem of waste management due to the dense population. The fact that most people use cars to go to work means that energy is the main driver of the economy. Without oil and its rising shortage, demand keeps rising, making its production a priority that is not friendly to the environment. If people could move away from cities, the problem of congestion and waste management would be a problem of the past. Rees backs his claims with statistics. Statistics are logos that speakers use as tools of persuasion. He says besides his day job as the Mayor of Briton, he also has a duty to planet Earth and the 7.9 billion people that depend on it for survival. Another statistic is where he mentions that it would take 1.7 earths to make our current way of living sustainable. Throughout the speech, Rees throws in numerous statistics. The speaker also uses pathos in the speech when he says there is hope for our cities. This statement appeals to the audience’s emotion and makes them feel like together, we can come together and salvage the planet from the imminent danger it faces. As regards ethos, Rees mentions that he is part of the UK’s Cities Climate Investment Commission. His association with the commission is an attempt to establish curability and his position to speak on the issue of climate change. Undoubtedly, Rees’s arguments are relevant and make sense to the audience. The speaker fully thought about the consequence of his claims. His main aim was to educate his audience about how society can capitalize on cities to address the climate crisis. In his speech, he only made arguments that supported this claim.

Evidently, the speaker was ethical, and he achieved his overall goal of prompting his audience to look at cities as a solution to the climate change crisis. Rees seems to understand how deeply cities contribute to the problem seeing it is his area of expertise. As the mayor of Briton, Rees knows a lot concerning how city infrastructure, pollution, and waste management hurt the climate. He presents viable suggestions that, if capitalized, can go a long way in addressing this problem and reducing its effects. Overall, Ree’s speech was effective in passing his main claims across to his audience.

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O8duvJfrjss

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Literary Analysis of Pilate in Toni Morrison’s “Song of Solomon”

Introduction

Issues toughing on racial discrimination have always drawn considerable controversy. This is especially considering that the history of the United States is rooted in racial discrimination especially against the black people. The fundamental nature of this aspect is evidenced by the fact that a considerable volume of literature has been done on it, trying to explain its various aspects. On the same note, the theme of racial discrimination has inspired and been incorporated in various fictional works. This is the case for Toni Morrison’s book, Song of Solomon.

Song of Solomon is a story that is set in Michigan. It traces the life of Milkman, since his birth to the age of 32, while focusing on his aimless and spiritually empty life as a young man trapped in the materialistic lifestyle of his dad and the traditional values that Pilate upholds. This book explores the pursuit for cultural identity. The story, based on African American folktale pertaining to enslaved Africans who escape from slavery by finding their way back to Africa, tells of Milkman’s story of alienation from his people, estrangement from family, community, as well as cultural and historical roots. The young man is spiritually dead and mentally enslaved, but he embarks on a spiritual, as well as physical journey that enhances his capacity to realize his self-worth and reconnect with the past with Pilate’s help and assistance of Guitar Bains. One of the most crucial characters in the story is Pilate Dead, who is Milkman’s auntie. This lady has been sufficiently used in the exploration of the theme of flight as a means for escaping slavery. It is evident that Pilate’s character places her as an embodiment of courage, strength, as well as love with Mother Nature and love for one’s cultural roots.

Pilate is the key, female protagonist in the story. She is closely linked with the family history and is rich in connotations. Her mother had died while giving birth to her, or rather before giving birth to her but she was sufficiently strong as to fight her way out of the womb. This is the strength that was to characterize her life even as an adult. Nevertheless, Pilate did not have a navel, a handicap that resulted in her isolation from the ordinary people of this country and even had a bearing on the independent and autonomous way of life. Her mystical qualities of half witch and half human gave her the ability to communicate with the dead father. It is stated that “Pilate was believed to have the power to step out of her skin, set a bush afire from fifty yards, and turn a man into a ripe rutabaga- all on account of the fact that she had no navel (Morrison 94).

On various occasions, Morrison uses symbolism to underline the nature of Pilate. One of the symbols that she uses is the perfect, soft-boiled egg. Pilate makes the eggs and shells off of them, after which she opens them up thereby revealing their soft insides. This is when she starts outlining the captivating stories pertaining to seeing her father’s ghost and watching a man die. The act of splitting up the egg gives the readers the impression that her capacity to get open is up is tantamount to having the capacity to deal with matters in a conclusive manner.

Despite the misfortunes that she has undergone, Pilate remains selfless and loving with her only regret at her time of death being that she could not extend her love to more people. It is noteworthy that her loving nature is nor a weakness rather it is her strength. This is especially seen when Reba, her daughter is beaten by a man. Pilate is seen pushing a knife within an inch of the man’s heart and warns him against touching Reba every again. While Pilate is well in her sixties, she prevails against Reba’s abuser, who is a strong young man.

Pilate is a representation of the close link to the people’s ancestry and Mother Nature. She is the crucial life force that strives to maintain the pedigree of the family above all other means. At the same time, Pilate’s complexion is extremely black, in which case it comes as a reminder of the African roots of the family. The deliberate choice of the Pilate (the blackest female) as the most powerful character for the novel underlines the ideology pertaining to the “Beauty of being a Negro”, a notion that was a fundamental pillar in the Harlem Renaissance.

One of the fundamental aspects of the story is the incorporation of folk songs, which also cement the nature of Pilate (Morrison, 22). Singing folk songs, pertaining to the Sugarman’s flight, reaffirm her stand against oppression through recreation of a past where her ancestors were expunged from the jaws of oppression. It is worth noting that the recreation of her past sustains the various characters living in the present. Milkman and Macon Jr. need Pilate so as to ensure that they retain the last vestiges pertaining to their humanity. As milkman comes to realize at the end of the journey, Pilate remains the only human being that has the capacity to fly without touching the ground. This implies that she is sufficiently liberated, in which case she does not have to run away so as to regain her freedom. In the end, Pilate becomes the model character of the story and novel. She shows the fact that strength does not necessarily have to be incorporated at the expense of humanity or gentleness. In addition, she exemplifies the fact that freedom never has to be compromised by the compassion of other people.

The existence of Pilate in the story is fundamental as it keeps matrilineal line alive especially considering her opposing values to the obsession with materialism. She attracts Milkman to her by the forbidden fruit pertaining to her knowledge (Morrison 24), which urges the young man to find out the truth about his ancestors. Pilate becomes the surrogate mother and spiritual guide to Milkman, thanks to her role in the creation and preservation of life. She inspires Macon because of her capacity to fly without detaching her feet from the ground (Morrison 25).

Names have also been seen as incredibly significant for the entire Dead Family thanks to their practice of choosing names in a random manner from the bible. Power is associated with the power to define and name perception and reality, especially in the case of Pilate’s attachment or connection to her name. She has even wired the name through her earlobe. Her acknowledgement of the crucial nature of a name, as well as the utilization of Sing’s box, underlines the fact that she connects the past and present using the unshakeable love necessary for creating the likelihood of a real future. It is only when she understands her past that she can establish a future worth admiring.

In conclusion, Toni Morrison has used Pilate as an embodiment of courage, strength, as well as love with Mother Nature and love for one’s cultural roots. The incorporation of folk songs reaffirms her stand against oppression through recreation of a past where her ancestors were expunged from the jaws of oppression. Toni incorporates various symbolic elements in the story, one of which is the perfectly, soft-boiled egg. Pilate, by splitting it up and giving riveting stories, is seen as someone who would strive to deal with any matter in a conclusive manner. The deliberate choice of the Pilate as the most powerful character for the novel, despite her extremely black complexion, underlines the ideology pertaining to the “Beauty of being a Negro”, a notion that was a fundamental pillar in the Harlem Renaissance.

Works cited

Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. London: Vintage, 1998, print

Being a nurse has not only been my dream, but it’s also a lifelong passion. As an individual there are various things that motivate me to become a registered nurse. The urge to learn more about the field, the growing need for nurses in the workforce, the passion for providing patient care, and the need to grow as an individual.

It has been a lifelong dream to become a nurse. My main motivation is the urge of helping people who are in need of care. Patients, their families and any other affected party are always in constant need of either physical or emotional care. The thought of offering such kind of assistant is quite motivating. As an aspiring nurse the idea of affecting individual’s life positively and helping out in any way I can gives me strength.

As a registered nurse I will be able to grow and learn more. This mainly because nurses have the opportunity to interact with other people in the medical filed. This includes doctors, medical staffs, administrators, patients and their family members. The idea of broadening my knowledge base by learning from other professional, gives me motivation. Interpersonal skills are key in an individual’s life. By encountering many people one can be able to sharpen these skills.

Most students dream and hope that they might get jobs after they are done with their studies. Therefore, the demand for nurses in the job market is definitely inspiring. The high demand means that there are more job opportunities.

As for my transcript I have been studying quite hard, to improve my grades. There are various units namely: Engl 1301, Hist 1302, Math 1314, SPCH1311, Biol 2402 and RNSG1301 I was able to retake the failed units during the summer. I would gladly inform you that I was able to pass the given units. My main aim is to make sure that I will be able to maintain good grades.

As for now I have found a support system that will provide me with the much needed practical and emotional support. My support system comprises of my family, classmates and close friends. These strong network of people will play a major role in ensuring that I become a registered nurse. The strong support system I currently have, has enabled me to manage my stress. It has also heavily contributed in building my self-esteem. Building up the support system was quite hard but really worth it. It has enabled me to try and experience new things. It has offered me insights to the surrounding things.

A man without past does not have future

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A man without a past does not have a future. In this context, it is vital for one to be aware of the historical happenings as they can be of importance to the individual. Some historical events attract attention than others that depends on the importance of the event. Generally important things are those that draw ones attention, which means that things that do not seem important to one, because they don’t attract our attention, are actually important to someone else. Bearing that in mind, no past event can be of any importance, as they happen for a reason. In history, important events are those that have facts that can be seen. Some historians have committed their time in some historical events, that they consider important than others, if that judgment is not based on sincere judgment but on personal preference then those are rationale judgment. Generally something is regarded as important if it calls for ones attention. The connotation here is something that is important needs to have some value. In history, the question that is considered is the intrinsic nature, time, and the essential importance of the event. The other thing that is considered is the outcome of the event and the effects of the event activities on the years to come. In that respect, all past events have some value, reason as to why they took place, and their effects can be felt several years later. The study of historical events is vital as each event is unique, and is of importance to some section of the society, even if the historical events do not affect one directly, they are just as important as the events that have an impact on us.

Vigilantes were mainly groups formed by members of a particular community. The community set up the vigilance committees, to help keep in check criminal activities within their areas of residence. The vigilante committees were formed after the community felt that the law enforcers were not doing enough. Frequently the communities that felt they were under threat of the criminal gangs, came together to form the committees which arrested, charged, and prosecuted the criminals. In most cases, the vigilante used crude methods of arrests, charging, and prosecution of the criminals. The committee’s main punishment was hanging and at times extradition of the criminals.

During the great gold rush of San Francisco, thousand of people went to San Francisco to join in the seeking of riches. With time various crime gangs emerged. The small number of law enforcers that comprised of one constable backed up by six conservators could not handle the crime gangs. The gangs would start fires in order to distract the people to go and put out the fire as they robbed their houses, and some people whom they found in their houses. The gangs that included groups such as the Sydney Ducks and the hounds took place in looting, murder, daily brawls, and even robbery.

On the 15th of July 1849, a strong group of 230 men volunteered to form a police force to help in fighting crime, under the authorization of Alcalde Thaddeus Leavenworth. The formation of the police force did not help much as more and more people came into the area overwhelming the police force. On the 9th July 1851, a group of local people came together, and formed a vigilance committee with an intention of eradicating crime. The vigilance committee arrested wrong doers, formed mock trials that resulted to a number of people convicted of various crimes being hanged. The committee was effective in reducing the rate of crime, although some people were not in favor of the methods used by the committee. The committee was disbanded after two months of existence. A few years after the committee was disbanded the rate of crime shot up once again.

Following deportations of criminals, and hanging of some by the vigilance committee that was formed in the year 1851, the rate of crime reduced, but after the disbandment of the committee crime surfaced again. By the year 1856, the rate was so high, even public officials were corrupt. By 1856 the crime rate was so high that the only defense left was an independent press that was fearless, and would write about the criminal elements. From 1822-1856, James King William was the editor of a local paper the San Francisco Evening Bulletin, a paper which was bold enough to expose the criminals. The paper also insistently pursued a campaign against the criminals. In the year 1856, the deaths of two prominent person lead to the formation of the vigilance committee.

James was born on the 28th January 1822, He was the last born in the family, he called himself to,” (“James King, son of William”). This was to distinguish himself from other people called James king who were living in the same town of Georgetown. He arrived in San Francisco in the year 1848. After a short time, James made fortunes with which he started a banking business, called James King. The business went on well until 1854, when an agent James had contracted to purchase gold dust for him, but the agent bought dust of no value. In the end, James closed the banking business, and he became an employee of an express firm. In turn the company that had employed James agreed to pay all James Creditors. That was not the end of James problems the company that had bailed James out also was closed. After the closing, of the company, James with financial help of some friends started a publishing firm. The firm began publication on the 8th of October 1855 (the San Francisco Daily Evening Bulleting). That publication would write about criminal activities and the criminals.

Lell Hawley Woolley was born in 1825, in New York City. He went to California and ventured into gold mining, later he took up hotel keeping. Lell went into business and became a member of the committee of 1856. He was an active member of the committee. He wrote down his experiences with the vigilante group, and his thoughts.

Most of the people that witnessed the atrocities of the crime syndicates, before the formation of the committees, and even after, are exaggerating the power that the crime groups wielded. The committee itself was not also sincere as at times it delivered many judgments that were very much unfair. That led to many people joining the committee not because they were supportive of the committee but to avoid the wrath of the vigilante group. Many criminals joined the vigilante group to avoid arrest and hanging. To some extent the vigilante group was not any better the criminal gangs.

Context & Chronology:

After the dissolution, of the vigilante group crime rate in California soared. On the evening of 17th of November 1855, Mr. Charles Cora, and a United States Marshall called William Richardson, had an argument which resulted in William being shot dead, by Charles. The shooting to death of William took place on Clay Street. Cora was arrested later, and placed under the custody of the City Marshall.

After unsuccessful attempts of inviting James to a duel, a man named Selover resulted to insulting James every evening on his way home. After getting tired of all the insults, James wrote an article about the threats from Selover. In the article, James belittled the gambler, which led to James acquiring more enemies. The case concerning Cora and Richardson held on the 17th of November 1855, James lost faith in the judicial system after it failed to deal with the case in the right manner. When the confrontation finally came, it was not with Selover, but with an ex-convict turn politician called James P. The politician was known for cheating in elections by stuffing ballot boxes. He even had a publication Sunday Times even though the politician could not write a word. The politician had two secrets that were very sensitive; one was the fact that he stuffed boxes, and the other being that at one time, he served time at the Sing Sing jail in New York for robbery. Cora had been jailed for 18 months for the crime.

On May 14th 1856 James published an article referring to a fight between Casey, and Bagley. James went ahead to mention the two sensitive issues that the politician did not want known. In the same evening after the publication of the article, Casey confronted King asking about the article. Casey and King used their respective publications to attack each other and in that enmity between the two intensified. At around five in the evening, Casey intercepted King, and shot him. Casey was arrested immediately locked up at a local station and King taken to the offices of the Pacific Express. Immediately after, James was shot, large group of people poured into the street calling for the hanging of the alleged shooter. The action of the crowd forced the authorities to take Casey to the county jail which was more place than the local station. The crowd followed Casey to the county jail demanding that he should be hanged, the town mayor Van Ness tried talking to the crowd, but they would not listen. Instead, the crowd remonstrated calling for the man charged with shooting Marshal to be hanged. That marked the return of the vigilante group. Military officers had to be called in to guard the county jail, the crowd then dispersed.

On 18th May 1856, which was on a Sunday, The vigilante group went to the county jail, and requested for the sheriff to hand over Casey to the committee. Without delay, the sheriff handed Casey over to the committee in handcuffs after informing Casey that the vigilantes wanted him. After following the laid down protocol, the county sheriff handed Casey over to the vigilante group. The vigilante group had surrounded the jail armed with weapons in case the sheriff refused to hand over; the vigilante had resolved to attack the prison. Casey was then ushered into a coach under heavy escort by the armed vigilante group. Casey was then taken to the vigilante group headquarters on Sacramento Street. Another meeting was later held between the vigilance committee members, and the sheriff. The committee then asked for the handing over of Charles Cora, the person responsible for the death of the Marshall Richardson. The sheriff declined the request, but asked for some time so as to deliberate over the issue. The committee placed a deadline of an hour for the sheriff to decide, but in less than half an hour, the sheriff had made a decision and handed Charles Cora over to the committee members. Casey was then put under arrest in a room at the headquarters. The committee went to jail for the second time to bring Charles Cora. Charles Cora was also escorted in the same manner Casey was escorted. Casey and Charles Cora were left at the committee headquarters, under guard of about three hundred armed men.

By 19th of may, King was still nursing the bullet wound, his condition was not bad, but the next day King’s condition became worse, by 12 o’clock the condition got much worse. King passed away the same day, at the time of the death King was 34 years old.The trial of Casey, and Cora were held on the same day King died. The two suspects were given attorneys to represent them. The suspects were given all the opportunity to make a plea on their cases. The trials took the whole night, and ended the following morning. The two suspects were found guilty of the charges against them. The committee ordered the two suspects to be executed on Friday 23rd may at midday.

Although the main aim, for the vigilante group was to restore sanity. The way they handled cases was suspicious. The case against Charles Cora, and Casey was held at night which was quite unusual. The speed as to which the two suspects were executed proved that the vigilante group main aim was not justice. The main aim was to get rid of the two suspects whom they had already branded criminals even before the committing of the crimes of murder. At the time, political offices were of importance; this can be proved by the extent as to which some went to ensure victory. It is alleged that Casey was known to stuff ballot boxes, but there is some extent of bias against Casey, if the people were aware of the cheating, why was something not done about it?. In the case, of Casey most of the witnesses were totally against everything Casey did even if what Casey was doing was right. King attacked Casey using publications, but when Casey did the same the public was not impressed.

Consequences

After several years of suffering, the first vigilance group brought some sanity to California. The main concern at the time, was the method the group used to get rid of crime and criminals. There was no law to guide the group, which later caused the group to be disbanded. The importance of the group is noticed later when the rate of crime escalates following the disbandment of the vigilante group. When the first vigilante group was formed on the 9th July 1851 after a spate of crimes, the vigilante managed to reduce the crime rate.

Even though, the aim of forming the vigilante was to fight crime, some criminal elements joined the vigilante to avoid arrest, and execution. With time, the criminals within the vigilante took advantage of their position to harass people and involve in crime.

The event of the 1856 has had effects on the State of California. Since the time of the gold rush in California, the economic growth rose as many people came to California and invested, thus encouraging the development. When the crime rate rose, some investors moved away thus affecting the growth of California. Due to the insecurity life was lost, and many children were left without dads who were the bread winners, thus the lives of the children were affected in a major way. Much later the politicians who came in later, used issues of insecurity to campaign, such that the political landscape of California was changed by the incidences of the vigilance commission, and the effects of the activities surrounding the formation of the committee.

Conclusion

The discovery of Gold at the foot hills in Sierra Nevada in the year 1848, most of the people rushed to California. At the time, California was not densely populated, there were a few people living in California at the time such as the American settlers who were involved in small scale trading.

The law abiding citizens who were tired of the criminal gangs came together in 1851 to deal with the criminal elements. It was a temporary solution to the menace of the criminals. The gangs were got rid of but after the disbandment of the group the gangs returned. The death of James is what brought the vigilantes back as they lost faith in the judiciary. This turn of events proved that the society could not rely on the police to protect them. Corruption had also prospered in California. This gave the criminals the leeway of committing a crime without fear. Some prominent people hired some goons to intimidate the law abiding citizens. Elections were not won fairly as the people who conducted examinations were compromised. Votes were sold and bought in the open. Voters were also brought into some districts to help a certain candidate win the elections. Laws were not followed as the persons in charge of implementing the rules could bend the rules to favor their current situation. Some politicians resulted into unruly behaviors such as beating up of political opponents on a claim that they had insulted them. Another incidence of corruption was the case involving Casey, whom had shot, and killed a US marshal, in broad day light, in front of other eye witnesses, but the jury involved in the case failed to reach a decision, and decided to release Cora. The decision angered the citizens. From the experiences before, during, and after the committee corruption was high, and that contributed to the rise of crime even during the day as the criminals had the support of the powerful people at the time. The citizens of California had acted on their own defense and could not be blamed for trying to protect themselves.

Bannister, J. (2000). Changelings. London: Macmillan.

Grayson, G. W. (2011). Threat posed by mounting vigilantism in Mexico. London, England: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College.

Griffin, W. E., & Butterworth, W. E. (2010). The vigilantes (Large print ed.). New York: Thorndike Press.

Penney, S. (2007). The tenderness of wolves. New York: Thorndike Press.

Roth, M. P. (2001). Historical dictionary of law enforcement. London, England: Greenwood Press.

Behavioral Psychology

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Behavioral Psychology

There is a close relationship between the mind and human behavior. Many factors influence the behavior of an individual. There are external factors that influence how a person relates to other people. There are also the personality traits that emanate from within and individual without the influence of any external factor. There has been much research to establish the factors that influence human behavior, and many psychologists intimate that there are situational and dispositional effects on human behavior. In every community, there are cultural practices that affect how people relate to one another. When one is born in a particular environment, they learn certain behaviors by observing what people in that specific place behave. However, it is critical to note that cultural practices are passed from one generation to another, which plays a vital role in shaping how people behave. Cultural practices provided a framework that guides human behavior, and when one is born in a certain cultural setting, they adapt to the norms practiced by other people.

Cultural practices differ widely across the world, and in some instances, they also vary among different communities within a given region. For example, in western culture, individuals are trained to maintain a culture of independence. These people are prepared to make an individual decision without the influence of other community members. On the other hand, people in Asia are trained to relate and depend on one another. Most of the make decisions based on the norms of their communities, and anyone who goes against their cultural training is often viewed as a rebel. Many people still exercise their traditional beliefs in African, which influences how they relate with one another. However, cultural practices differ from ethnic group to another. Although people are affected by their cultural practices, it is important to note that people’s mobility from one place to another has also shaped the way people behave. In the last few years, global development has necessitated people from different regions, which has enabled them to exchange their cultural practices, thus influencing how people behave (Cole, 2011).

The technological revolution is another factor that has shaped human behavior in the last few years. The emergence of social media has revolutionized how people do things and influenced how they behave. Social media has been identified as one of the leading causes of mental health issues among young people. Social media is a very effective tool that is easy to use, and many people have created accounts that they use to socialize with other members of society. Although social media was intended to bring people to close together to socialize and interact, many people are now comparing themselves with their peers and coping with their lifestyles, which hurts their mental health. Equally, social media has revolutionized how people do their shopping. Unlike a few years ago, where people would go to the in-stores to do their shopping, they can now order their products and deliver them to their doorstep. This has limited the interaction that existed before, and this has had a direct influence on how people behave. Before social media was established, people used to interact and share their experiences. But that has changed before establishing relationships online with strangers, which has equally affected how people behave (Wakefield and Wakefield, 2016).

Although situational circumstances largely influence human behavior, it is critical to note that genetics also plays a role in how individuals behave. Many scholars have researched to establish the different behaviors exhibited by people, and there is sufficient evidence to link the inheritance of genes to a certain form of behavior. It has been shown that people who come from a family with mental health issues are like to pass the same genes to the other generations. Dispositional behavior is largely associated with individuals making decisions or exhibiting certain behavior not influenced by external forces. According to multiple studies conducted, these are people who have inherited most of their parents’ behavior. These people can individually formulate their perception of certain things in society and act in a manner that is not conforming to societal expectations (Flint et al. 2020).

Human behavior is also influenced by gender. Research has shown that both men and women can perform the same tasks when given equal opportunities. However, society members have created the notion that they are certain responsibilities that can only be executed by men or women. Although there has been a lot of development in bridging the gap in the gender roles, women are still viewed as the primary caregivers whose responsibility is to take care of the children at home. Despite the existing evidence to show that women can also undertake leadership roles, society members still view leadership responsibility as a reserve for men. The stereotype created in the society on the gender roles influences how people relate with one another and how they behave in the society.

In conclusion, many factors influence how people behave. These factors include the cultural practices in the community and how hereditary factors among members of a family. The development of technology has also brought a revolution in how people interact with one another, which has impacted how people behave.

References

Cole, M., & Packer, M. (2011). Culture in development. Psychology Press.

Flint, J., Greenspan, R. J., & Kendler, K. S. (2020). How Genes Influence Behavior 2e. Oxford University Press.

Wakefield, R., & Wakefield, K. (2016). Social media network behavior: A study of user passion and affect. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 25(2), 140-156.

Being a Defense Attorney

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If I was a defense attorney

To me, being a defense attorney would be a call to be a citizen with a special responsibility to justice that will benefit the whole community. Advocating for justice goes beyond the duty of the officer of the court to respect the truth-seeking process. Many individuals in the society go through difficulties when it comes to pursuing justice, whereby some end up being convicted even though not guilty (Berryessa, 2020). Being a defense attorney, justice will be something larger and more intimate than truth. Individuals in the community will benefit from the truth being one of the ingredients of justice. I won’t sit and watch corruption taking place for the expense of the individuals in the community. Those found guilty will be sentenced, and fairness will prevail to those not guilty. I won’t encourage taking bribes and punishing the people in the community. The affirmative responsibility for me will be to advocate with courage and devotion and to render efficient, quality representation.   

My initial step for the criminal defense will be to try to persuade the clients from the society not to proceed with any false testimony. This will help to bring truthfulness to all targets. As the defense attorney to the clients, I will always recognize the client’s intended course of action as dangerous. The society will depend so much on me. Under the Sixth Amendment, I will be expected to provide the criminal defendant with a rigorous defense undivided by conflicts. At the same time, in many cases, I will have to argue with prosecutors and judges in order to be of great help to the community. My responsibility as a defense attorney will be to take as my obligation the role of champion of constitutional rights. To assist all the community individuals, I will have to understand the effect of such strategies as the war on drugs has on the Bill of rights.      

On the other hand, I will have the responsibility to the public interest. I must assume an activist responsibility in the education of the public. I must take part in the public debate of cases, projected statutes, and the system. The public is overloaded daily with conceptions that feed punitive rules and abuses of fundamental rights (Atherton, 2020). As a defense attorney, I ought to always remind the people of the adversarial process’s significance. The public should comprehend that defendants are authorized to the maximum excellence defense (Birckhead, 2017). There are so many going on and so many mythologies in the community that it becomes hard to take part in a meaningful argument on any one problem. Keeping the public well informed on a particular proposal will be essential.

Lastly, being a defense attorney, I will always maintain confidentiality. Most of the conversations with the clients from the community will be confidential to help gain their trust. This signifies not discussing the matter of the clients with anyone else, including the court or police, without permission. Communicating efficiently and in a timely manner will be essential. I will use my position to help the community at all times by acting with skills and diligence. The professional role will be to have a great importance to individuals, and the prosperity of their lives may depend on the exercise.

Reference

Berryessa, C. M., & Chandler, J. A. (2020) The role of the defense attorney in relation to biological interventions as rehabilitative strategies Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 59(7), 389-415.

Birckhead, T. R. (2017). The racialization of juvenile justice and the role of the defense attorney BCL Rev., 58, 379

Atherton, N. K. (2020). Through the Lens of the Defense Attorney: The Effect on Public Opinion of Shifting the Viewpoint of the Criminal Justice System from Retributivism to Rehabilitation (Doctoral dissertation).