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Barriers to Health Care for the Uninsured.

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Barriers to Health Care for the Uninsured.Health care insurance is a way of for medical bills and health care costs. The bill is paid while one is not sick and the amount is used in time one gets sick. People in most cases may underestimate the cost of medical care. Health insurance helps one to be protected from unexpected high health costs. Most health insurance covers the bill to some extent but not all of it. Health insurance has so much importance to one’s life and the relatives of every individual. The uninsured therefore put themselves at risk of incurring high hospital costs in case of unpredicted sickness. This among other things forms barriers which one may meet while seeking health care services while uninsured (Keisler-Starkey, K. B., and Lisa N., 2020). In my research, I will look into all barriers to health care for individuals who do not have insurance cover.

Themes

The main barrier to an individual who does not have health care insurance coverage is a lack of enough finances to cater for a hospital bill in times of sickness. In most cases, sickness comes as a surprise or an accident. This means that one is never prepared financially to pay the high cost of health services. When sickness comes to one without an insurance cover, the patient, therefore, lacks health care services due to lack of enough finances to cater for the service (Wallace, S. P. et al., 2013) In the same case the family and sponsors of a sick person who does not have a health insurance cover stretch so much in times of their sick partner.

Other benefits which the uninsured do not enjoy include free routine doctor visits. In most countries like the united states, the insured enjoys free checks up which is very important to everyone’s life. The uninsured use their pocket money for these services, and in most cases, they think that the cost is low however it accumulates to a lumpsum amount at the end of the year. Also, those who do not have the cover and cannot afford the frequent checkup, end up missing the checkup. This significantly means that their health status continues to be compromised

The uninsured are also at risk of going for the cheapest form of treatment. As it is said, cheap is expensive. When one goes for the cheapest mode of treatment, likely, the patient does not get enough of the most efficient services. Upon going for the cheapest, there are very many possible negative outcomes like prolonged treatment causing more cost of even death. This is not the case for one having health insurance coverage. With insurance, a patient has the power to negotiate health services. The patient can get the best services from the best professionals and clinicians.Some hospitals and especially national hospitals only offer services upon provision of a health insurance cover and do not accept other payments. This means that one without health care insurance coverage will have limited hospital options.

Without a health care insurance cover, the clinician’s boards continue to diminish. When patients pay for their services before they became sick, they offer a chance to the clinicians to be prepared. This includes the timely purchase of hospital equipment. Otherwise, there is a chance for the hospitals and the government to be ready for the treatment of their patients. Also, the hospital rating increases upon an increase of finances in a hospital and the government health sector. This means that the more the insured the more the ratings. The ratings are a consideration for foreigners who are looking for a good hospital. That is, they will go for the hospital in a country with more rating. The foreigners or patients from other countries are sources of income for a nation and continue to push for development. Therefore, having people without hospital insurance cover is a way of pulling the economy of a country backward. A poor economy means that health care services will be poor too.

The uninsured also lack other health care services which are offered by health insurance facilities. These insurance companies have taken the responsibility of nudging individuals towards staying healthy. For instance, some advise people to stop smoking and give smoking side effects in their advertisements. These services are free for those who have insurance cover but those without will need the same service. Most people who should pay for this service end up ignoring it and think that they can do without it. This leads to a continued lack of knowledge about health care services and their health continues to be at a risk.

Those who do not have health care insurance cover also have nothing to transfer or leave behind for their children. This is because a health care cover is transferable to the next of kin. Those who are covered can transferer their benefits to another person and hence it is a form of wealth transferer. This means that the uninsured families will remain uncovered while those that are insured remain insured. The wealth in the policy does not get lost and therefore those who do not start their savings will never get rich in terms of hospital bill coverage. This kind of insurance enjoys a tax subsidy and hence benefits only those who are insured.

In many countries, the insurers are pushing for more benefits of health care insurance covers. This is because, with the increased number of insured, the government is earning more profits from the interests which should be plowed back to the people. For instance, in the united states, the insurers are negotiating for lower unit prices. After the lowering of the unit prices, this will only benefit the insured leaving the non-insured out.

Discussion.

Research in health care has improved the sector highly. The researches in this sector are many and have included even those things which used to seem obvious. For instance, the barriers encountered by the uninsured may seem obvious but still need to be studied in detail. This research, for instance, opens up the minds of the individual to see the other benefits of getting insured and the disadvantages of not getting an insurance cover. The research gives more than one use of insurance. This is because most individuals think that health insurance cover is only for the rich and not favorable for the poor.

The research will greatly benefit everyone by equipping people with enough reason to get health insurance coverage. After everyone is insured, all the benefits of getting the cover will be enjoyed by the whole society. Fewer costs of treatment will even improve people’s living standards in a society. Other benefits to society include the advice given by the insurance companies on health tips like the encouragement of people to smoke smoking. When people stop abusing drugs, the societal character will generally change to a better one. This change means that even how people relate will improve.

Conclusion

Lack of health insurance cover is generally a drawback in life. Being uninsured makes one poorer than he or she was. Therefore, insurance cover is not for the rich but for everyone who wants to save money (Glassman, A et al., 2017). From the research, the uninsured in health care undergo many challenges which make their life harder. Even for the rich people, when they are uninsured, they will encounter so many barriers in the health sector. A government with uninsured patients will also use more resources in the treatment of its people and end up pressing on the country’s economy. With all the benefits of health care insurance, I will be always wondering why many people never go for the insurance. My other question is why people are so ignorant of their future health status. Even after people are sure that their health will be compromised, they will just stay without health insurance even up to that critical time.

Reflection.

Writing the paper offers an opportunity for me to think more critically. The research is one of the key moments that helped me master what I have learned in class in a better way. I am also in a better position to practice what I have learned in the research and apply the knowledge I have achieved. I am confident that health care insurance cover brings more advantages and I will encourage my society and family on the need to get insured.

References.

Glassman, A., Giedion, U., & Smith, P. C. (Eds.). (2017). What’s in, what’s out: designing benefits for universal health coverage. Brookings Institution Press.

Keisler-Starkey, K. B., and Lisa N. Bunch. “Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2020.” (2021).

Wallace, S. P., Torres, J., Sadegh-Nobari, T., & Pourat, N. (2013). Undocumented and uninsured: Barriers to affordable care for the immigrant population.

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Barriers to Prosecutorial Reform

Prosecution plays a vital role in the criminal justice system. Prosecutors are meant to safeguard the public interest in the system, and in this pursuit, they propose appropriate punishment for criminal offenders. The prosecution has historically been known for a tough-on-crime stance which reassured the public that these supporters of public interest would make sure that those breaking the law faced punishment they deserve. This kind of thinking encouraged incarceration of low-level offenders with little accountability in the system. Over the past few years, the high incarceration levels in the country have come under scrutiny, and this kind of punishment has been proven to be ineffective. Mass incarceration also comes at a high financial and moral cost to society in general. These concerns have led to a different-minded prosecutorial system. New prosecutors want to focus on new goals such as fairness in punishment, reduced incarceration, and accountability among players in the system as well as more focus on the community (Richardson & Kutateladze 2). In the pursuit of these goals, prosecutors face several challenges including existing prosecutorial role orientations, deference to judges and focus on single case outcomes rather than the bigger picture.

In the past, the prosecutorial focus has been handing out harsh sentences as a way to deter crimes. This includes jail time and hefty bail and fines even for minor offences. This way of thinking has led to a breakdown in the criminal justice system where crime has been on the rise, and punishment does not result in any kind of reform among offenders. To counter this negative narratives around the prosecution and criminal justice system, a new breed of prosecutors have come up with the goal of improving outcomes from the system by focusing on fairness, community and accountability. Despite their best intentions, there are some barriers to such reforms.

The first barrier to prosecutorial reform is deference to judges. Based on their individual thinking, judges mete out punishment on offenders, and prosecutors often defer to judges’ wishes. A prosecutor has to tailor their decision to the judge’s preference. For example, when a judge is known to prefer jail time to community service, a prosecutor recommends jail term rather than arguing with the judge over a different form of punishment. After all, the judge makes the final decision in the case. A second barrier to prosecutorial reform is existing role orientations in the justice system (Richardson & Kutateladze 7). As a tradition, prosecutors have often sought incarceration as a form of punishment. This historical trend makes it difficult for reform-minded prosecutors to offer alternatives to jail time and prosecution. Another problem with the historical roles of prosecutors is that they are often seen as all-powerful, and the new idea of fairness does not augur well with old prosecutors and the system in general. The third challenge to prosecutorial reform is focus on individual cases over the bigger picture. To address issues such as racial profiling in the system, prosecutors have to look at trends while considering individual cases. However, for most prosecutors, the bigger picture comes at the cost of doing the right thing at the case level.

Works Cited

Richardson, Rebecca, and Besiki Luka Kutateladze. “Tempering expectations: A qualitative study of prosecutorial reform.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency (2020): 0022427820940739.

Small Business Management

Strayer University

Professor Sally A. McMillin

Abstract

In this paper I will answer the following questions about the case study on “Ted Leonsis and Filmanthropy”.

1.       Describe Leonsis’ concept of “idea generation” and explain the approach you would take as an entrepreneur in this kind of business.

2.      Describe your “big idea” and the methods you would use for finding statistics to validate the market size and growth opportunity for your potential business.

3.      How would you leverage your resources and network of contacts to begin to accomplish your entrepreneurial goal? 

4.      What strategies would you use to set up your network to start your own business?

Small Business Management

1.      Describe Leonsis’ concept of “idea generation” and explain the approach you would take as an entrepreneur in this kind of business. Leonsis’ concept of idea generation stated there needs to be a balance between the vision and execution of your idea and weather the idea is worth considering. Regardless of how excited and motivated you become on your idea you must also consider the factors that the consumer may not be interested in your idea and therefore will not purchase it. As an entrepreneur you cannot be only a visionary, you must be the person who connects your strategy with tactics to implement your idea, which will only come around every few years.

As an entrepreneur I would approach my idea with the process of creative thinking for my idea and how I make it better and more appealing to the consumer. It is very important that all ideas no matter how ludicrous or extreme they may sound should be processed and supported as an ongoing project, with a specific purpose and goal which I want to accomplish. This process would involve my company as a whole which would include every aspect from me as the owner, to my managers and employees as well as my clientele or customers. Using the idea generation process the gathering process one should not criticize the ideas of others, but should be freewheeling and supportive to help generate as many new ideas as possible.

2.      Describe your “big idea” and the methods you would use for finding statistics to validate the market size and growth opportunity for your potential business. The idea that I propose is to start a business which purchases the property from foreclosed storage units, residents and businesses. My company would then resale these items on local websites such as eBay and Craigslist as well as at local auction centers. The methods I would use to find statistics to validate the market size and growth opportunity for my potential business would be, first by conducting research at the court house to analyze how many civil claims have been filed by storage unit companies to seize property for non-payment of rental units. I would also research the number of residential foreclosures in a specified location as well as conduct a search of local businesses who have filed a close of business affidavit with the court house as well as the chamber of commerce.

I would conduct an internet search to see how many similar and competing companies they are in my market as well as to see where these businesses are located. I would use this information to help me decide where to locate and establish my potential business.

The next step in analyzing my potential business would be to research and gather statistics on the type of property my company would be reselling with local competitors to help my company establish a competitive price for the merchandise I would be offering to consumers. The last step in my research would be to complete a possible list of contacts to help my business establish a group of potential vendors which will supply the merchandise to my business.

3.      How would you leverage your resources and network of contacts to begin to accomplish your entrepreneurial goal? I would first complete an outline which would establish a strategy for my business which would explain my business goals and how my company would accomplish these goals and objectives. I would leverage my potential resources by offering them a long term contract where my company will pay them a standard fee for each unit or property which my company purchased. I would use the business tactic of long term investment to create a steady income with increased earning potential based on large quantity purchasing.

To successful network a list of contacts I would have to establish a business-personal working relationship with the people who would help support my business and help the day to day operations as well as increase my business’ growth and potential. I would leverage my network of contacts by making them feel as they are a part of my business and contribute towards the success of it. I would provide my network of contact with a finder’s fee for each new contact they help my business create as well as pay them a portion of the profits which they help my business create and earn.

4.      What strategies would you use to set up your network to start your own business? Once I have determined the goals and objectives for my business I will then create a list of strategies that my company will use which will be listed in my business plan. I will then explain how my company will achieve these goals and objective using the selected strategies.

The first strategy would be for my company to gain a competitive advantage over my competitors by offering the same quality product as my competitors at a low price.

I would then prepare my business for geographical expansion to help my business grow and increase my businesses’ profit earning potential.

I would also increase the length and price of the contractions with my resources helping them to expand their business which intern will help my business grow.

Market segmentation would be the next business strategy, by increasing the market that my company sells to will help my business grow and intern will increase the earning potential of my business.

The last business strategy would be to create a customer intimate to address my potential customer’s needs and wants and expand my market as well as the products which my company offers. This tactic will help eliminate my competition and corner the market so the consumer will only select my company.

The last and most important strategy for my company to create and accomplish is a strong business reputation as a reliable, safe and convenient company which offer the best products for the consumer’s money.

References

Scarborough, N., Wilson, D., Zimmerer, T. (2009) Effective Small Business Management, Custom Publishing, Inc. (2009).

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Marketing Information and research.Marketing information and research is an important aspect of a business plan, as it identifies what the customers as well as the stakeholders want. Marketing information and research is also a detailed description of what the target customers want, need as well as how they are responding to the products and services being offered. Below is a detailed discussion on the marketing Information and research of Buffalo Wild Wings, a fast food restraunt.

Research Question

The most important question the organization is trying to answer is what the needs and wishes of the target customers are.

The kind of information needed to make useful marketing decisions include; what do the target customers think of Buffalo Wild Wings? The question tries to answer what the organization can do to encourage the customers to consume their products the more and to encourage others to do the same. A question to the already existing customers is also important in a bid to understand their product or service knowledge and how often they consume the product/service and what they think about the products/service. It is also necessary to ask those who prefer other brands that their reasons are, answer their questions in a satisfactory manner, and end up winning them to your side. Asking about the products that sell the most is paramount, as well as understanding the products that grow in decline and those that are receiving the best rates and referrals.

Research recommendation.The necessary information about the business can be acquired by conducting a research where the study population will be the target customers. Another source of information would be from personal experience and knowledge, when employees really understand the markets, then they are in a position give the relevant information to steer the business forward. Regular data from the existing customers can be another source of information and the person tasked with collecting information should be persuasive and very imaginative.

Identifying the Customer and Problem

Identifying the customer and the problem is arguably the most powerful marketing strategy and tool, it enables the decision makers to ensure that marketing is effective because the customers are identified and considered and decisions on how their satisfaction will be obtained is made. the best strategy to be utilized is segmentation. a segment is defined as a group of people with similar needs and are also a part of the general market. The division of the market into segments enables the business to reach its important customers effectively and to efficiently provide the products and services.

Factors Influencing Customer Decisions

Customer decisions to purchase a product or service are influenced by a number of factors. One of the factors is geographical; in this case, the location of the customer influences their buying powers. In the urban areas for example, customers tend to consume a lot of fast food because of their busy schedules and the lifestyle in the city. Personal and demographic factors also play a greater role in influencing the purchasing power of customers. Male teen often purchase fast food because they do not give much thought to their bodies like their female counterparts. The family unit also may be a contributing factor; young families may often have take-outs because fast food thrill children and their parents may give in as they try to make them happy.

Reaching the Customer

The enterprise will focus on reaching the customer by using the example of successful business enterprises also it will ensure they do not at all cost tamper on the quality of the products and the services they are offering. Consistence is another important strategy in getting to the customer and the availability of a variety where the customer can choose.

Competitive Advantages

Buffalo Wild wings has a competitive advantage over its main competitors it may focus on having a unique product and the best dipping sauces something their competitors might not be doing. it is important to also adopt an enthusiastic culture in the business as well having friendly staff that reflects the company’s culture.

Market Niche and Positioning Strategy

Positioning strategy also enables the decision makers to understand where the customers think about the business and that information will help the organization to improve on the delivery of services and the communication of the improvements to the customers. Market Niche is a strategy that the organization must hack. it is important for the organization to ensure it places its products and offers the service in the right place.

Positioning Statement

The position statement leads in making and planning the marketing activity. The positioning statement will be to increase customer awareness in the locality. every strategy and effort will be geared towards getting the customers to know who Buffalo wild wings are.

Brand Description

The aim is to establish a distinct brand that will certainly stand out from the competitors. The logo is to be eye catching and distinct.

Brand Promise

The fries will be made by 100%fresh potatoes and with the best prices in town.

Brand Voice and Personality

Brand is excellently Delicious.

Brand never compromises on quality.

Brand Positioning and Strategy

There shall be a grand opening in a central place and colorful banners bearing the distinct logo will be displayed. A particular place in the mall will be the tester market and the most delicious wings prepared and letting out the aroma of freshly fried fries inviting people to taste the products.

When marketing information and analysis is appropriately done and the most appropriate information obtained it sets the business way above its competitors and it is safe to say Knowledge is Power against competition.

MARKETING MAJOR

TO:PROFESSOR

FROM:STUDENT

DATE:(INSERT DATE)

-1333501854210SUBJECT: (INSERT SUBJECT)

Marketing is an area which I am interested in and in this area of business the importance of communication is very important as it helps those within this field to communicate properly and make sure that whatever they are advancing and bringing to the market is fully accepted. Therefore it is a core part of business marketing and it comprises of the role of character as well as the role of competency or being competent in making sure that the success of marking it attained and made possible. These two are very essential in ensuring credibility is attained in written form within businesses since a person’s character as well as how they put down the message determines how this message is perceived and if it goes into making the organization better by marketing it (Raciti, 2010). Therefore character being and very important aspect should be visible through the writing and if the character is perfect then it means that credibility is attained. Character to some extent can be displayed through the level of competency and therefore these are two areas I want to work on very much.

The reason why I want to work on my competency and character is that these two play a very important role in my major which is marketing. Therefore working on them makes it possible for me to be successful in this field and my general career as a marketer. I would work on these two mainly through first of all making my character better in person and therefore this is expected to be passed down to the written communication as I will also practice more about how to be competent in my writing and keep on sharing with professionals in this area for more information and skills.

Therefore the ability to be competent and professional in business written communications is very important and therefore using this I will be able to overcome the issues at my job and make my marketing job better.

Reference

Raciti, M. M., & Dagger, T. S. (2010). Embedding relationship cues in written communication. Journal of Services Marketing.

Liberal Arts Capstone Assignment: Speech presentation

Speech presentation is one of the hardest activities have had to do in my personal life and educational career. I have had to make many speeches requiring different levels of preparation. During speech presentation, it is advisable to understand your audience and relate to them effectively in order to present your points efficiently. One of the speech presentations that stand out in my encounter is the one I presented for a group work in high school. I believe I presented myself appropriately to the audience, because I used sufficient and accurate body language as well as eye contact. I was nervous before being given the limelight to start the presentation. I had prepared for the presentation a day before the actual presentation in my room and I intended to deliver on the objectives. I developed supportive props and charts to aid my presentation. During the presentation, I was clear, vocal, and precise to adhere to the assigned duration.

At the end of my presentation, all I could hear were jubilations and appreciation from the audience. I made a great impression on my audience through organized, clear, precise, and vocal presentation. This is because of the feedback I obtained from my professor as well as other students and my group members. This was the best presentation I had done with the ability to overcome my great fear of presenting in front of a crowd of more than 100 people. I used attractive concepts and jokes to appeal to my audience hence capture their attention. My trick had worked on the audience, thus an opportunity to present the main points effectively and efficiently utilizing the props and charts for illustration.

A Do-not Resuscitate (DNR) Case Study

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Institutional affiliation

A Do-not Resuscitate (DNR) Case Study

Case Study Summary

In their day-to-day life, healthcare professionals are faced with difficult decisions meant to save their patients’ lives. The case is not different for nurse Anne, a registered nurse at a private hospital in California. Anne was going about her usual business at work when a patient was hurled in by an ambulance. The patient was Mrs. Harper, a 67-year-old woman ailing from stage four breast cancer. The elderly woman is accompanied by her only daughter, Sonia, who is in her early thirties. Sonia is in tears and desperately pleads with the doctors and nurses there to help save her mother’s life. A few moments ago, Anne had just walked in from work. She was living with her mother, who had recently moved from DC to stay with her daughter and her live-in nurse. A few weeks ago, she had had a conversation about a Do Not Resuscitate Order, also known as DNR. Sonia did not want to agree with her mother’s wishes. She could not believe that her mother was asking for her help in ending her life. Mrs. Harper had stage four cancer and was in great pain. For a terminal illness, the doctors had estimated that she had at most five months to live. She was on pain medication, and she had decided to end her chemotherapy treatment sessions. Mrs. Harper told her daughter that she wanted to die under her own terms and that she wanted her daughter to be the one to administer the drug that would put her to rest forever. This was a tough call for Sonia, who was yet to come to terms with the reality of the situation. Sonia had not given up on her mother’s life; she had, in fact, enrolled her for a trial treatment with a clinic in California, but her mother declined. Mrs. Harper told her daughter that the only reason she agreed to move in with her was that a DNR order was illegal in the state where she used to live.

So on this particular day, Sonia was at work when she received a disturbing phone call from her mother’s caregiver. The caregiver informed her that her mother had refused to take her medication. Sonia told her mother that she would leave work and come home if she continued refusing the medication. The caregiver told Sonia that in most cases, if patients refuse to take medication, it is usually a sign that they are ready to go. Mrs. Harper later promised her daughter that there was no need for her to leave work and that she would take her medication. Later that evening, when Sonia arrived home, she found her mother alone. Mrs. Harper had refused to take the medication and sent her caregiver home. Sonia was in distress. She could not believe that the time for her mother to go had come and that she would be the one to administer the drug that would kill her. She held her mother in her arms one last time, and they sobbed and talked for the last time. Eventually, she gathered the courage, mixed the prescribed drug in orange juice, and held it for her mother to drink. Mrs. Harper was unconscious in a matter of seconds. Sonia could not believe this was happening. She was not ready for her mother to die. She called for an ambulance that took her mother to the emergency room. On arriving, Mrs. Harper was received by Anne and a team of other doctors. When asked what her mother had taken, Sonia kept screaming that they should just save her life. Upon looking at her condition, the nurses realized that Mrs. Harper was in stage four cancer, and her doctor had signed her Do-Not-Resuscitate Order. Anne was confused about how to handle the situation, but she had to oblige to the patient’s will, which is a conflicting position for any person.

Effectiveness of Communication Approaches in the Case Study

The communication strategies employed in this scenario were effective but, at the same time, placed Anne and her team in a conflicting position. A DNR is a legally binding order that a doctor signs at a patient’s request (Kim & Keneally, 2021). It directs medical professionals not to resuscitate a patient if they stop breathing or go into cardiac arrest. In this case, although Sonia was well aware of the fact that her mother had a DNR, she was still in denial that she was about to lose her mother for good. At her mother’s request, she is the one who administered the drug that put her in that state. Upon arriving at the hospital, at first, she did not disclose that her mother had a DNR to the doctors. After looking through her records, they realized she was a stage four cancer patient. Mrs. Harper had lost her hair and seemed that she had gone through a lot of pain. At this point, they asked Sonia if her mother had a DNR, to which she admitted. At this point, the nurse told Sonia that they could not administer CPR treatment as it would be going against the patient’s order.

Effectiveness of the Approaches Used By the Healthcare Professional

Upon realizing that Mrs. Harper was a stage four cancer patient who had decided to end her life, Anne knew immediately that she could not perform CPR treatment or any other action that could help revive her patient. Anne handled the situation as any professional would. Once Mrs. Harper was brought in, she quickly assessed the patient’s position, and the first question she asked was if her mother had a DNR order. She quickly realized something was amiss since Sonia did not want to disclose the information about her mother’s DNR at first. Anne realized that when asked a question, her only response was that they should concentrate on saving her mother’s life since they were doctors. After admitting that her mother had a DNR, Anne took a moment and explained that she could not administer CPR as it would go against the order. As a health professional, Anne handled the situation the best way she could. She did not violate the healthcare principles and the wish of her patient.

Application of Ethical Principles to Possible Solution for the Problem

In this case, there is a possibility that the DNR order could have been deemed invalid, enabling Anne and her team to resuscitate Mrs. Harper. There are circumstances where doctors can resuscitate a patient with a DNR, such as if what caused the breathing was something that was not natural, like sudden airway blockage or trauma (Osinski, Vreugdenhil, de Koning, & van der Hoeven, 2017). Sonia did not tell the nurses that she was the one that induced the condition by giving her mother a prescribed drug. She knew that had she told the nurses the information, they could have performed CPR on her mother. Her mother was already going through so much pain, and it was her wish to rest, and Sonia had no option but to respect her wishes.

References

Kim, C., & Keneally, R. (2021). The Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order in the perioperative setting: practical considerations. Current Opinion in Anesthesiology, 34(2), 141-144.

Osinski, A., Vreugdenhil, G., de Koning, J., & van der Hoeven, J. G. (2017). Do-not-resuscitate orders in cancer patients: a review of literature. Supportive Care in Cancer, 25(2), 677-685.

A Faction As Described By James Madison

Federalist 10

A faction as described by James Madison, is the total number of the citizens whether minority or majority, and are united by various interests that are adverse to citizen rights or a permanent interest of a given community. Factions is historically known to be breaking or destroying the republic, and one of the serious sources of faction is the diversity opinion which comes as a result of politics in the political life resulting to dispute of a fundamental issues that includes the religion and the regime supposed to be preferred. The other source of faction is passion. Even though, there seemed to be problems with republic government due to fragmentation, large faction can be avoided however there are still some tiny ones which could get together to form coalition.

If factional becomes intensive, the government tends to suffer a lot from disunity and when it becomes severe, ruptures in some organizations that impede effectiveness might be noticed. To avoid such disunity and perception Publius have tried to outline various options for overcoming faction. Firstly, to avoid harm to the republics, faction should be conducted secretly and with a minimal scrutiny for the republics. However, this act sometimes tends to lead to unethical behavior making the warfare within the factions to lead to frauds and fraudulent conduct.

According to Madison, faction can be overcome by removing its causes or controlling its effects to the republics. This can be done by destroying the liberty, however in most case, liberty is usually very essential to the political life. Another option is by creating a homogeneous society that has interests which is impracticable. In Madisons’ summary, he concludes that faction can only be limited when the government controls its effects to the republics.

Publius ultimate to the solution of faction in United States involves passing the bill of Rights which will act as the solution to the problem of faction while emphasizing on the powers separations. Publius also extends the sphere along with the pluralism of Republic to prevent the majority factions while forcing the process of decision making to slow down

Federalist 51

The separation of powers or checks and balances are regulations which tend to allow one branch in limiting another branch, for example the Congress power that alters the jurisdiction of federal courts as drafted by the United States Constitution. It involves three branches of government which includes the legislative, executive and the judiciary, each has a constitution that defines power and its function. However, one government does not need to interfere with the way other branches exercise their assigned power. Separations of powers sometimes divide the ability of making decisions to many people. One cannot abuse power because no person has much power than the other. For instance there are three branches of government and in a company; the separation of power might come from the owner who is also the General Manager. Another good example of power separation is taking a situation where two people are sent to the bank to access a safe within the bank. In this case one person will have the powers for opening the safe while the other person will have the powers of taking what is necessary. Publius believes that separation of powers is essential in the protection of liberty. This is because the general government tends to protect the rights of people but fails to take the potential for the role to be polluted by the party disciplines.

Banner-University Medical Center Phoenix and Phoenix Children’s Hospital

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Institutional Affiliation

Introduction

Access to quality healthcare is important in maintaining a good quality of life and promoting a nation’s health. As healthcare is closely linked to development and progress, access to quality healthcare services and facilities guarantees that a community can thrive. America has one of the most robust healthcare systems in the world. The country’s healthcare infrastructure comprises complex integrated systems of technologies, facilities, resources, and professionals. Some of the core healthcare facilities found across the country include outpatient clinics, hospitals, clinical labs, hospices, specialized care centers, and long-term care facilities. Currently, the US has thousands of registered healthcare facilities across the country that help meet the country’s healthcare needs. The two major healthcare facilities in Phoenix that this paper will explore include Banner-University Medical Center Phoenix and Phoenix Children’s Hospital. Healthcare facilities are integral to the country’s healthcare system as they provide a variety of healthcare services that help keep the nation healthy and boost development.

Banner-University Medical Center Phoenix

Banner-University Medical Center Phoenix is a leading healthcare facility in Arizona and is ranked among the top 50 hospitals in the country. This facility specializes in urology, geriatrics, and nephrology, and it is renowned for its medical care, treatment, and recovery. The facility is an academic medical Center it focuses on research, clinical excellence, and teaching. The origin of this facility dates to 1911 when founder Lulu Clifton first established the hospital. At the time, Ms. Clifton was recovering from tuberculosis, and she was convinced that Phoenix needed a new hospital. When she first set up the hospital, she named it Arizona Deaconess Hospital, and in 1928, the hospital was renamed Good Samaritan Hospital. In 2015, the hospital was renamed Banner-University Medical Center Phoenix, reflecting the hospital’s merger with the University of Arizona health network.

Phoenix Children’s Hospital

Phoenix Children’s Hospital is the only children’s hospital in Arizona and is ranked among the leading children’s hospitals in the country. This hospital was first opened in September 1983, and it was physically located within the Good Samaritan Hospital. At the time, the hospital had 124 dedicated pediatric beds, a figure that gradually expanded as the hospital took over the Good Samaritan pediatric services. In 2002, the hospital moved its physical premises from Good Samaritan Hospital and relocated into its twenty-two-acre site. At the time, the hospital was one of its kind as it was the first free-standing specialized pediatric hospital in Arizona. Since then, Phoenix Children’s Hospital has grown into a large pediatric healthcare facility that provides specialized healthcare services such as the neonatal intensive care unit, pediatric advanced life support, and organ transplant surgeries.

Similarities Between Phoenix Children’s Hospital and Banner-University Medical Center

Phoenix Children’s hospital and Banner-University Medical Center Phoenix are similar in that they share interests in forming academic partnerships and enhancing technologies and skills in the healthcare industry. Banner-University Medical Center Phoenix entered a one-of-a-kind academic partnership with the University of Arizona, intending to create a reliable statewide health care system that would promote Arizona’s quality of health care. This academic partnership also saw Banner-University Medical Center make a 30-year commitment to provide the University of Arizona students from the college of medicine in Tucson and the college of medicine in phoenix residency (Cairns et al., 2017). To date, this opportunity promotes medical research and training, and it helps position one of Arizona’s top medical health care facilities as a medical destination that provides world-class services.

Like Banner-University Medical Center, Phoenix Children’s Hospital similarly has an academic partnership with the University of Arizona. The two institutions formed their partnership in 2010 to train the next generations of pediatrics in the country and develop new lifesaving medical discoveries that would improve the pediatric health care services in the state of Arizona and the country at large. Based on this partnership, the Phoenix Children’s Hospital has designated the University of Arizona College of Medicine as its principal academic affiliate, while the University of Arizona College of Medicine has designated the Phoenix Children’s hospital as its principal pediatric affiliate. This partnership launched Phoenix Children’s Hospital into the national limelight as it became one of the country’s largest free-standing children’s hospitals. The collaborative research projects the two institutions have jointly have also been integral in advancing knowledge on childhood diseases and injuries and improving the treatments delivered. For instance, their research and findings on Exertional Syncope have been integral in treating the disease (Pitt, 2018).

Differences Between Phoenix Children’s Hospital and Banner-University Medical CenterPhoenix Children’s Hospital specializes in pediatrics. Therefore, a focus on this branch of medicine requires that the hospital focus on the health of infants, children, and adolescents. Since the hospital’s opening in 1983, Phoenix Children’s Hospital has offered comprehensive medical care to patients from birth to 21. In contrast, Banner-University Medical Center Phoenix focuses more on patients between the ages of 20 to old age. As such, the medical practitioners in this hospital have specialized in medicine that addresses older individuals’ health and medical needs. For instance, Banner-University Medical Center Phoenix is known for its specialization in geriatric medicine (Banner-University Medical Center Phoenix). This branch of medicine focuses on promoting the health of older people by preventing and treating the diseases and conditions most common among the elderly. Banner’s geriatric medical program focuses on individuals that are 65 years old and older and

The differences between Phoenix Children’s Hospital and Banner-University Medical Center are also apparent in their medical programs. Phoenix Children’s Hospital has a medical care program that entails health services such as complex care, comprehensive primary care, and adolescent medicine (Phoenix Children’s Hospital). In contrast, Banner-University Medical Center has medical programs that offer maternity, intensive care, palliative care, and wound care. The difference in the medical programs and health care services offered is due to their different patient base. While Phoenix Children’s hospital focuses on patients between birth and 21, Banner-University Medical center focuses on the health care of adults and the elderly.

Conclusion

Healthcare facilities are integral to the country’s healthcare system. They provide various medical services that help keep a nation healthy and therefore boost development. In Phoenix, two of the leading health facilities that put Arizona on the national map and help meet the state’s health and medical goals are Phoenix Children’s Hospital and Banner- University Medical Center Phoenix. These facilities have been operational for decades, and they provide medical care services to patients from the time of their birth to old age. As indicated above, Phoenix Children’s hospital focuses on pediatric medicine while Banner-University Medical Center focuses on geriatric medicine. Despite this difference, these hospitals have helped develop research in their fields of medicine and have developed effective treatments for various diseases and conditions. By partnering with the University of Arizona College of Medicine, the hospitals have also helped train the next generation of medical practitioners in Arizona and the country. Overall, their contribution to the field of medicine and the in promoting healthcare is immeasurable.

References

Banner – University Medical Center Phoenix. Phoenix. Retrieved May 27, 2022, from https://phoenixmed.arizona.edu/bannerCairns, C. B., Bollinger, K., & Garcia, J. G. (2017). A transformative approach to academic medicine: the partnership between the University of Arizona and Banner Health. Academic Medicine, 92(1), 20-22.

Phoenix Children’s Hospital. Retrieved May 27, 2022, from https://www.phoenixchildrens.org/Pitt, T. (2018). Exertional Syncope: A 10-year Retrospective Review.

Barnes, S., & Bloch, S. (2019). Why is measuring communication difficult? A critical review of current speech pathology concepts and measures. Clinical linguistics & phonetics, 33(3), 219-236.This article examines Speech Pathology and it states that human life is organized through speech pathologies that represent people. It is the speech pathologies that access the sites of communication for interaction between different people. Due to lack of an explicit theory of communication based on speech pathology the practical basis for rigorous, conceptual and empirical communication measurement is limited. This is a big challenge for research and practice. In this review there is a discussion about the conceptualization of the present communication. It also discusses how models of communication have influenced the current measurement practices as well as ideas. It discusses the measurement in speech pathology of the co-present communication. Due to the difference in the SP co-present communication in the real time and SP intervention and assessment, the research gives suggestions for and directions for research so that there can be a drawing closer of these two concepts which are far from one another.

Swan, K., Hopper, M., Wenke, R., Jackson, C., Till, T., & Conway, E. (2018). Speech-language pathologist interventions for communication in Moderate–Severe dementia: A systematic review. American Journal of Speech – Language Pathology (Online), 27(2), 836-852. doi:http://dx.doi.org.umiss.idm.oclc.org/10.1044/2017_AJSLP-17-0043

This is an article which delves into the field of relating how communicative disorder relates with communicative participation. It mainly focuses on the patients with dementia. Therefore there is the argument that it is these people who suffer from dementia who are most of the time excluded from communicative participation therefore the research tries to establish the past researches about dementia patients and through this understanding there are recommendation on how the dementia patients can best be helped to engage in communicative process not just by listening but also by talking and letting them be heard. This is a way of making sure that there is equality and everyone is involved in the current society and not just those who are fluent and able to talk with no problems. In the research the stigmatization that comes along with communicative ability as well as the dementia condition is a determiner for active participation in the communicative process of any dementia patient.

Threats, T., & Worrall, L. (2004). The ICF is all about the person, and more: A response to Duchan, Simmons-Mackie, Boles, and McLeod. Advances in Speech Language Pathology, 6(1), 83-87.

In this article we see that the speech is necessary for any person who is to be of communicative importance. However there is a conflict in the way communication is possible for those individuals who have difficulties with health issues like aphasia and how they can make their way to the communicative field with more positivity and courage leaving their fear of failure behind. This article focuses on aphasia and especially the poem written by Chris and how this can be of great importance in the communicative process of individuals suffering from aphasia. This article is a response to Duchan, Simmons-mackie, Boles and Mcleod. It is not just a commentary on the importance of the ICF as the ealier works but this specifically focuses on responding to the claims of the above four as a criticism to ICF. Therefore this response plays its role and makes it possible for a more understanding to be gained about the role of ICF and that it not only focuses on the person alone but also focuses on more than the basics of what a human person is.

McLeod, S. (2004). Speech pathologists’ application of the ICF to children with speech impairment. Advances in Speech Language Pathology, 6(1), 75-81.

This article discusses the manner in which speech pathologists are able to apply the ICF not only to adults but also to children. This acts as a positive improvement in the field of speech correction. Due to the effects of ICF then it becomes possible for speech impaired children to improve them into better people through the assistance of speech pathologists who dedicate themselves to help the children. This article states that it is very important for a speech fluent child to grow because speech does not only help them to communicate but it acts as a gateway to so many opportunities which they can come along their lives. Therefore the communicative ability can be termed as not just any way of making the child grow but also a way of inculcating values, morals, discipline and other important aspects of the child to the outside world as displayed through their communicative ability.

Snow, P., & Powell, M. (2004). Developmental language disorders and adolescent risk: A public-health advocacy role for speech pathologists?. Advances in Speech Language Pathology, 6(4), 221-229.

This research article provides information about the importance of early communicative ability in the learning process. In this, the pathologists also bring out the importance of understanding the teenagers a well as children in their early years based on their communicative competence and ability. This is because language acquisition plays a significant role in the development of a child and not just the basics which are understood as for the sake of communication. In relation to psycho-social development good academic development is a protective factor against so many other risks and factors associated with schooling. However when it comes to communicative competence, it is similarly important for any society to view language as a norm of making life better for the children since it is their communicative ability that helps them to know more about their world and their development.