Category: Uncategorized

Baptism Ritual in The Catholic Church

There are many rituals in different religions; however, baptism has always had a central part and role in Christianity. This is very significant, especially among the Catholics who firmly believe that it is only through baptism that a person is fully initiated into Christianity. This is one of the significant rituals in Catholicism even though there are other rituals like mass, the last rites of a dead person, the anointing of the sick, matrimony and other rituals which are performed in the catholic church with relation to faith and trying to affirm the faith of the individuals who attend the church to fully believe that God is what is expressed in the bible as well as in the traditions of the church. This paper discusses the baptism ritual, the reasons why it is done and how it is done, and how this impacts the whole aspect of being a Christian.

Baptism existed even during the time of Jesus, and john the Baptist is the primary prophet renowned for making baptism resound with great importance just before the beginning of the public ministry of Jesus Christ. However, a lot has changed from the time of Jesus to the present time (Ferguson, 2009). During the time of Jesus, baptism was explained in two ways: baptism by the fire and baptism by the water. However, as Jesus stated to Lazarus, for any person to see the kingdom of heaven, they had to be reborn against through water. This is the firm belief of most Christians regarding the eligibility of one to be a Christian. It is from these beginnings and backgrounds that the ritual has developed into what it is today.

In the bible, there is no explicit statement that a person had to reject the devil or make a vow to stick to God for them to be baptized, and this explains the ‘puritan’ baptism practiced during the time of Jesus and the contemporary Christianity baptism which requires a person to do a lot of things and which is in an orderly manner (Spinks, 2017). In the current catholic church, baptism is done both for children and also for adults. The children are baptized believing that their baptism will change their place in heaven due to the original sin and place them closer to God. However, the baptism of the adults is the type of baptism that ensures that a person has a change of heart and they begin following Christ with new inspiration and faith.

Firstly, a person is trained on how to run and go on with Christian life, and after being trained about Christian faith and what it entails, the person is then initiated into the Christian faith through the ritual of baptism, which is done in a process. Firstly, in some places, the members undergo mandatory retreat before they are baptized, while this does not happen in most places. During the day of baptism, several things happen, including vows rejecting the devil and stating clearly that one will follow Christ from the time of baptism henceforth. The other part of the ritual is cleansing using water (Spinks, 2017). In the catholic church, this is done by pouring water on the head or the forehead of the person to signify that the sins committed from birth and the original sin are all washed away. There is also lighting a candle to symbolize that the person will be a light to those around him to spread the good news. These rituals are significant and serve a significant role in changing a person from a non-believer into a believer.

In conclusion, these rituals are significant to catholic Christians, and it means a lot to them. Without baptism, Catholics do not recognize a person as being fully catholic or Christianity.

References

Ferguson, E. (2009). Baptism in the early church: history, theology, and liturgy in the first five centuries. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.

Spinks, B. D. (2017). Reformation and modern rituals and theologies of baptism: from Luther to contemporary practices. Routledge.

Running Head: MACROECONOMICS

Macroeconomics

(Presented by)

(Name)

(Presented to)

(Lecturer)

(Topic)

(Date)

According to Censky (2011), the level of unemployment has increased at very high rate in comparison to the employment rate. This has occurred in contrast to the expectations that job creation would occur. The unemployment rate has resulted due to the occurrence of a recession in the economy. The nation is under an economic recession; therefore, job creation is quite a difficult task at the present time. Economic recession has resulted due to the government excessive expenditure on response to several emerging disasters. The disasters include occurrence of unpredicted floods, and the occurrence of tsunami. In addition, the stalemate in Washington and the increasing gas prices have a role to play in the emergence of economic recession, and have created a tremendous uncertainty among the businesses.

The economic recession has created uncertainty among the potential business employers. The employers have great fears of dynamics of the existing federal tax policy and spending cuts. This has occurred since the congress has not yet attained a consensus on debt ceiling and effective measures of cutting down the nation’s deficit. The fear of the existing dynamics on the economy has led to small business employers developing a habit of observing what happens to large businesses in terms of job creation.

Politics have significant influence in the development of an effective-economic status of a nation. The nation has experienced political games that have resulted in a decline on the wage level for employees effectively. Politicians have engaged in a blame game of who has responsibility of decline in wage level, in the nation. In addition, the politicians have minimized the chances of job seekers participating effectively on job recovery. The reduction on employment levels formed the basis of political rhetoric that emerged from two sides of the nation’s politics. For example, the republican claim that the nation has inherent regulations and the stimulus-spending binge is not effective; therefore, job creation has a limitation. In addition, the republican add that the existing national debt forms challenge that the private sector has to face in order to create jobs. The government, on the other hand, claim that the public understands that there is a limitation on the available jobs. In addition, the government promises to implement reform patent laws after the congress passes the bill in order to create jobs.

Macroeconomics makes an analysis of the behavior, performance and decision-making of the nation’s economy. Unemployment rate is one of the factors that macroeconomics takes into consideration for the analysis of the entire economy. Censky (2011) article depicts a correlation of unemployment and employment rates in which the two factors have a negative correlation. This correlation results from the fact that the economy is in a recession due to the uncertainty created by several factors; such as, tsunami, stalemate in Washington, higher gas prices and floods. The uncertainty has led to employers developing a reluctant attitude towards employment. As such, the employment rate has reduced drastically for the whole nation.

Politics inherent in a given nation determines the strength of the economy. The government acts as the governing organ for formulating an effective macroeconomic policy. These policies include monetary and fiscal policies. As the government engages extensively on politics, the economy becomes a victim of subjection into a recession. However, the government may avoid such circumstances through concentrating on analyzing, as well as formulating an effective measure to adopt in order to safeguard the nation’s economy.

Reference

Censky, A. (2011). June Jobs Report: Hiring Slows, Unemployment Rises. CNNMoney.

Retrieved from: http://money.cnn.com/2011/07/08/news/economy/june_jobs_report_unemployment/index.htm?iid=HP_LN&iid=EAL

Introduction to Marketing

BUMKT1502

Business Report: PART B

Tutor’s Name:

Assignment Due Day

Week 7 Friday Executive summary

Coca-Cola and Pepsi companies were not initially as successful as they are to date. Most of their success is credited to a high level of investment from their managers and CEOs. Coca- Cola did not perform as well in the past. Most of its success came as a result of intense marketing and strategizing. One of the pivotal moments for the company was the sale to a more ambitious group. This acted as a stepping stone for the company to one of the most recognizable brands in the globe. Pepsi on the other hand has proven to be a strong competitor. Most of the strategies are geared towards retaining its customers and acquiring new ones. These two companies are ideal for the analysis of the competitive market in terms of marketing strategies. A company needs to take part in extensive marketing if they intend to remain in the market. Most of the customers demand for the highest form of quality making the competition stiff. The beverage industry is one of the most competitive due to the significance of beverages in the lives of the human beings. Both companies thus have to carry out extensive research so as to maintain their position and choice of preference (Bachmeier, 2009).

Table of contents

Executive Summary………………….………….……………..………………… 2

Introduction……………………………………………………………………… 4

Company overview ………………….………….……………..………………… 4

Marketing Concepts………………………………………..……………………… 5

Micro-environmental forces ………………………………………..………………… 5

SWOT analysis ………………………………………..……………………… 7

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………… 7

References ……………………………………………………………………… 8

Introduction

The business market in the United States is that of a competitive nature. This is owed to the extensive competition between the companies available. The United States is one of the most productive companies in the world. This is credited to the existence of successful business franchises. The business market has developed from a simple market to a more complex market. Most of the innovations have come as a result of the emergence of brand companies such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi. These two companies have been in the market for more than twenty years. It is difficult to have a considerable level of success in an uncertain environment. The fact that the two companies continue to record a high gross profit makes the suitable for the following analysis.

Company background

Coca-Cola Company, an American public company, manufactures retails and markets non-alcoholic beverages. Its SWOT analysis by Taylor (2008) reveals a brand has been a market giant since its engineering by John Smith Pemberton in 1886 and founding in 1892 by Asa Candler. Pepsi, with its headquarters in New York, sells soft drinks such as Mountain Dew, Slice and Pepsi (Pepsi, 2011). Sales of its non-carbonated drinks contribute most to its revenues. It remains a leader in sales of sport drinks, PET bottled water, chilled juice and bottled tea and coffee. Its over 100 brands are distributed worldwide. Just like Coca-Cola, it produces beverage concentrates and sells to independent bottlers in addition to overseeing product promotion. Its major weakness is its dependence on the American market as 52% of its revenue originates from the US.

Market strategy and concept

A market consists of buyers and sellers. The need for a particular good or service is ideal for the buying and selling of a particular commodity. For there to be a supply there needs to be the demand for a commodity. One of the challenges companies are faced with is making their brand appeal to the customer base. If a market environment does not have reliable sellers and produces of goods and services of a company, they are forced to but from one seller. This is not ideal in that the company is in control of the market thus making their business a monopoly. A monopoly simply refers to a business or market that does not allow for competition between businesses. This brings forth a number of disadvantages such as the provision of poor services due to the lack of competition (Besanko, 2010).

Micro environmental forces

The presence of one producer limits the choice of the buyer. A market should therefore encourage the existence of more than one producer so as to improve the market conditions. Coca-Cola has been in the market for a considerable amount of time. Their main competition in the foods and beverage industry is Pepsi. Pepsi is has taken the role of competitor due to the fact that the company provides the same services as Coca-Cola. Both companies provide the famous cola beverage which is the most consumed beverage to date. For the companies to gain more consumers, they need to take part in a high market franchise that creates awareness of the products. This is a difficult test due to the different preferences and demands made by consumers all over the world. The competition between the two is different from most of the companies in the marketplace. Most of their marketing strategies are geared toward selling their brand as the best product in the market. One of the ways of marketing the products is by sponsoring big events such as the Olympics and major shows like the American idol. These shows are viewed across the globe making them convenient for the exposure of the brand. When the company takes on the responsibility of sponsoring another company, the sponsored company is inclined to reciprocate this favor by increasing the market potential of the company. Marketing is thus ideal for the success and sustainability for the company.

Customer privileges are significant for the analysis of the performance of the beverage industries. Customers have a great impact on the determination of the performance of the companies. As stated earlier, the competition is intense owing to the different companies in the market. This makes it difficult for companies to remain in the market for a long period of time. Companies have come out with ways of outsmarting each other to gain new consumers. One of the ways of achieving this is by differentiation the products. The beverage company has come a long way from the time of its inception. Most of the beverages were inspired by traditional cultural aspects in the country. Most of the products of both Pepsi and Coca-Cola were geared toward soft drinks. The companies created products that catered for different flavors available to their customers. Over the years, the demand of the customers continues to dictate the type of product to place in the market. This saw the change of the products from soft drinks to water and energy drinks. This widened the scope of both companies making them subject to the demands of the customers. One of the recent trends in the market is the demand for hot beverages such as tea and coffee. These beverages were initially provided by companies such as Nescafe and star bucks. The choice of Coca-Cola and Pepsi to take on this new market shows the amount of pressure that the company faces in their quest to become market leaders. The invention and innovation of new products continues to play a significant role in the industry. One of the ways the company can continue to maintain their position in the market is by differentiating their products. This would in turn provide more exposure and profit for the company in the long run (Ferrell & Hartline, 2011).

The SWOT analysis

In order for a company to establish its position in the market, they need to conduct a SWOT analysis. A SWOT analysis is basically a summary of the internal and the external market surrounding of any business. One of the factors to consider in this case looks at the performance of a company in relation to its competitors. The Coca-Cola Company provides a perfect example of the vitality of this type of research. The company has proved to be one of the most successful companies in the present market. This is due to the number of products available to their consumers. The company prides itself with more than 500 brands distributed to different countries all over the international market. One of the ways that the company has been able to maintain this strategy is through franchising their products. The company has managed to list itself in the new NYSE making it a public company. This gives the public an opportunity to own a section of the company by buying shares (Mazzucato & Open University, 2002).

The SWOT analysis is also ideal for the determination of the strengths and weaknesses of the company. All companies fall short of their projections at one time or another. One of the ways of avoiding this situation is by focusing on the internal and external strengths of the business. This makes the companies maximize on their strength and minimize on their weaknesses. Another factor is to focus on the external forces such as the legal and governing authorities. The company has to ensure that its values are in line with the ones of the authorities. This involves ensuring the observation of rules and regulations required for the company to meet before the inception of business (Pride & Ferrell, 2006).

The Coca-Cola Company and the Pepsi brand have been competitors for a long time. This is due to their provision of products that cater for the same clientele. One of the most competitive products of both companies is their cola soft drink. The companies are highly reliant on the American market which acts as a challenge for their growth. The Pepsi Company boasts the performance of mountain dew which brings in a large percentage of the company’s sales. The two have managed to outsmart each other in different parts of the globe. This has made them long time rivals in the beverage industry (Hill & Jones, 2008). Marketing involves intense advertising of a product or a service. A company needs to invest a substantial amount of money so as to improve the reception of its brand. Both Pepsi and Coca-Cola invest a substantial amount of money in advertising and marketing. This is essential for the sustainability of the brand in the households of the internal and external market.

Conclusion

The current market is difficult to venture into due to the intensity of the market factors. Both companies have managed to maintain their position as market leaders due to their market strategies. A company should ensure that it performs market research so that it can determine its competitors, strengths weaknesses. This will is significant in that market research assists the managers in decision making. A company is thus able to take the advantages and use them to its strengths. This in turn brings in profit that improves the performance of the product. Market research also encourages the company to avoid unprofitable investments. This is essential so that the company can project the future when making decisions. Market research is one of the principles of marketing. A company that does not conduct adequate research faces failure in the long run. Both Coca-Cola and Pepsi have proved to be iconic in terms of performance and distribution. This would not have been possible without extensive research and analysis.

References

Bachmeier, K. (2009). Analysis of marketing strategies used by PepsiCo based on Ansoff’s theory. München: GRIN Verlag GmbH.

Besanko, D. (2010). Economics of strategy. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Ferrell, O. C., & Hartline, M. D. (2011). Marketing strategy. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Hill, C. W. L., & Jones, G. R. (2008). Strategic management: An integrated approach. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrell, L. (2011). Business ethics: Ethical decision making and cases. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Mazzucato, M., & Open University. (2002). Strategy for business: A reader. London: Sage in association with the Open University.

Pride, W. M., & Ferrell, O. C. (2006). Marketing: Concepts and strategies. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.

MARKETING DISCUSSION

Student’s Name

Institution Affiliation

Course Name and Code

Professor’s Name

Date

MARKETING DISCUSSION

The price sensitivity of a consumer is significant to marketing practice and theory because of its effect on profitability. A firm understanding of one’s product’s price sensitivity can help an organization identify the various price ranges that will maximize the business income while also determining the effect of pricing changes on sales numbers. Contrary to what many business people believe, a business’s product’s price sensitivity isn’t synonymous with its pricing strategy in terms of pricing. Previous research reveals that brand loyalty, customer purchasing preferences, the item is a luxury versus a necessity, and price of purchase compared to income influence price sensitivity. From this list, brand loyalty and customer preferences remain the most impactful areas of price sensitivity for my business.

Literature is filled with references to brand loyalty- depicting its nature, consequences, and correlates. Given the breadth and depth of input on the subject, brand loyalty assumes numerous sizes and shapes in literature. Although an agreed-upon description of the term remains elusive, numerous practitioners and researchers accept that brand loyalty impacts a business’s profit levels and sales for several reasons. Jacoby and Kyner (1973) postulates that customers tend to buy repeatedly when they are delighted with the services or products. These consumers become loyal to the business and its brand. Loyal consumers have been not only essential but also necessary for my business to establish brand equity and thrive in the market. These loyal consumers are price insensitive to price changes compared to non-loyal customers, who tend to be sensitive and hasty in making decisions about the brand. Due to familiarity with the business’s product quality, loyal customers are always ready and willing to shell out more money for the business brand as their trust is embedded in us.

On the other hand, customer purchasing preferences entail likes, dislikes, expectations, inclinations, and motivations that drive customers’ purchasing decisions. Gabor & Granger (2010) posited that customer preferences are a significant driver of price sensitivity. Although appealing to customer preferences is a standard marketing technique, today’s consumers have proven brilliant. Before deciding to buy a business’s products, they review product prices and performance via social media and online sites. While surfing this data, they can examine a product’s value and price advantages. With this, it has become difficult to ensure whether consumers’ required models are present. This affects not only my business but also others.

References

Jacoby, J., & Kyner, D. B. (1973). Brand loyalty vs. repeat purchasing behavior. Journal of Marketing research, 10(1), 1-9.

Gabor, A., & Granger, C. W. J. (2010). Price sensitivity of the consumer. Management Decision.

MORAL PLURALISM

(Author’s name)

(Institutional affiliation)

Abstract

There are several conflicting theories within the moral domain in regard to good and wrong. In the process of determining the level of truth, an important is played by personal interpretations and judgments. In attempting to live together in a society, there are so many challenges in appreciating the authenticity of conflicting views and establishment of levels of agreement. This paper explores what moral pluralism is and the differences between the different levels.

Moral pluralism refers to the assumption that moral truths exist. However, it is worth noting that this assumption does not form the basis of rationality and reliability of truths in comparison to those found in scientific and mathematical approaches (Richardson & Williams, 2008). There are varied views in regard to moral pluralism, for example, some people believe that actions that yield positive results are morally good.

There is a plurality of values and principles relevant to moral judgment that cannot be reduced. In the principle of utilitarianism, there is a belief that morally important considerations can be quantified into pain or pleasure while Kantian theory asserts that all forms of moral judgment can be reduced to a single principle which has to do with rationality and the individuals bearing rationality. Moral pluralism is not subject to complete ordering of rationality. Therefore, it is believed that no procedure or principle can exist without a unique or determinate solution of a moral question that involves choices in moral values and principles (Sneddon, 2011).

There is a belief that the most important aspect of different levels of morality includes relative majority of duties and values. For the rest of morality, it is believed that equality and general wellbeing are the core values. The foundational level of morality is made up of actions that do not harm others and do not facilitate taking of other people’s possessions. Also, other similar pluralistic theories believe that an individual does not need to break promises, to tell lies and rather an individual need to go an extra mile in showing concern for individuals with special connections. Several versions of moral pluralism are founded and based on such lists of values and duties (Davis, 2004).

In addition, most pluralists believe that there are no strict rationales of precedence that seeks to resolve conflicts that might arise among the actions and values on which they are based. In this regard, there is need to utilize values of judgment so as to resolve conflicts among actions and values of moral pluralism. However, the assumption of moral truths fails to provide any procedure for moral advisement.

Also, the truths upon which moral pluralism is based are not coherent and consistent. There are conflicting theories within the moral domain in relation to rightness and goodness and each of the many theories contain realities about moral life though none of them is comprised of the whole truth (Moon, 2012).

Most activities in the society raise a lot of questions in regard to the type of morality that is guiding the members of the different societies. There are common actions that show that the moral standards are low, for example killing without remorse and dehumanization of each other. This is because the modern society is diverse and heterogeneous in composition. Also, the various cultures and traditions in the society are dynamic and pluralistic in several ways. However, it is unfortunate that pluralistic aspects of moralism are widening over time (Hinman, 2008).

There are four levels of moral pluralism; radical moral pluralism, pluralism of moral practices, pluralism of self-realization and radical moral pluralism. Radical moral pluralism is a level that describes a situation in which people hold different views about morality. However, the believers in this have divergent and radical views yet they do not form the society entirely (Timmons, 2012). In a society, a group needs to be in agreement with certain crucial principles and practices. It is important for members of any society to have a general agreement of the fact that life is worth living and that the lives of all members of the society need to be respected.

However, it is hard to convince those who do not care whether they live or die because it is almost impossible to inform them that they are mistaken. Such people do not form a society because morality is a shared responsibility for all members of a society. It is important to note that a society may be morally pluralistic on the basis of the other levels (Hinman, 2008).

Pluralism of moral practices implies compatibility with social agreement on morality of several basic patterns. However, such agreements do not involve agreements on the variation on the use of moral principles to evaluate actions. In as much as several people believe that murder is wrong, there are members of the society who operate at conventional morality. In regard to murder, there are different moral principles that are compatible to different moral assessment.

Radical moral pluralism refers to moral practices that come from differences in moral principles, differences of facts, differences in circumstances and differences in perception of facts. At this level of moral pluralism, most moral issues are not clear. The developing modern society provides room for moral disagreement. However, in most areas of agreement there is compatibility of agreeable moral practices.

Pluralism of self-realization provides that as long as members of the society adhere to laid down moral norms, they are allowed to make choices on their values and lifestyles. It is a kind of moral pluralism that provides for crucial aspects of moral pluralism such as self-fulfillment and development. Such a society tolerates several differences that cannot be found in a homogeneous society (McDonald, 2011).

References

Davis, J. C. (2004). The Moral Theology of Roger Williams: Christian Conviction and Public Ethics. Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press.

Henry S. Richardson, M. S. (2008). Moral Universalism and Pluralism: NOMOS XLIX. New York: NYU Press. Retrieved from http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=tU10u1F2bZwC&dq=moral+pluralism&source=gbs_navlinks_s

Hinman, L. M. (2008). Ethics: A Pluralistic Approach to Moral Theory: A Pluralistic Approach to Moral Theory. Stamford: Cengage Learning.

McDonald, H. P. (2011). Creative Actualization: A Meliorist Theory of Values. Amsterdam: Rodopi.

Moon, J. D. (2012). Constructing Community: Moral Pluralism and Tragic Conflicts. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Sneddon, A. (2011). Like-minded: Externalism and Moral Psychology. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Timmons, M. (2012). Moral Theory: An Introduction. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. Retrieved from http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=qWGp1iK9IlAC&dq=moral+pluralism&source=gbs_navlinks_s

A Description Of How A Customer Of A Given Bank Can Use The ATM

Question 1

The use case gives a description of how a customer of a given bank can use the ATM to make withdrawals from his or her bank account. In this case, there are two actors in the sector, that is, the bank and the customer. This leads to having some preconditions for the activity or transaction to take place. Firstly, the there is a connection to the bank that is active. In addition, the ATM should have cash loaded in it.

There are different situations that may take place in the event of the transaction occurring. The process is systematic and logical. Failure to follow the steps will lead to unsuccessful; transactions in the end. The use case starts at the point when the customer of a given bank inserts their card into the ATM. There is the validation of the user is performed automatically by the ATM after this previous event. This leads to the machine giving a display of the various tasks that it can perform or offer at this point. Many a time, at this point customers do select the tab command button “withdraw cash.” Then the ATM gives a prompt for an account from which the customer would like to make drawings (World Bank. 2010). 

The next stage requires the customer to select the correct account depending on the number and type of accounts owned. Then the ATM prompts for an amount the customer wishes to withdraw. After entering the amount, all the documents of the customer are sent to the bank in the form of a transaction. These documents include the PIN; card ID, amount that one wants to withdraw and the account from which the person is making the drawings. Then automatically, there is a response via the machine whether the transaction is successful or not. If it goes through, the card comes out and money dispensed. The aftermath of these events leads to printing of the receipts and the use case comes to successful completion.There are cases however when a transaction may become unsuccessful. This is possible depending on how the customer feeds figures and data into the machine, for instance, at the point of validation of user. If the validation fails, then the use case ends with a total failure status. If the customer enters the wrong account number, the ATM shall display a message indicating that the account entered is invalid. Then the use case can resume from a later stage when prompted to do so (World Bank. 2010). 

Instances arise when the user accidentally enters the wrong withdrawal amount into the machine. This may be either too little amount that the machine cannot process since it is set to work in that like that, or too large figures. Such amounts make unsuccessful transactions for various reasons as read in the terms and conditions of the banking service providers. This includes for instance, amounts exceeding withdrawal limits required per transaction, or the daily withdrawal limits.. There may also exist a case in which the customer’s account has insufficient funds. All the cases outlined make the machine issue a warning message and indicate the amount one is capable of withdrawing. Therefore, the customer is goes a step backwards from where they can resume to complete the transaction(Bruegge, &Dutoit,2010). 

There are moments when the customer receives no response from the bank. In this case, the ATM will retry a number of times, even up to three times. If this continues and still the machine does not elicit any response, the machine may display a message indicating unavailability of network or failure. At this point, the ATM automatically returns the card and indicates closure for the moment. Therefore, the use case ends with a condition of failure (King, 2012).

Illustration

lefttop1.0 Use case model1.2. Possible scenarios

1.3 Cash withdrawal model

Question 2.

In this use case, during the use of the ATM to perform the transactions, one follows the similar steps followed in question 1. Therefore, the only things that change are the fact that it is cash depositing instead of making drawings. Therefore, a similar process is followed, but this time round, it involves changing the details to read deposit instead of withdraw.

The cash deposits via the ATM are possible only if the account to which the deposit is occurring has a link to the card. Cash or a cheque in an envelope is efficient while carrying out the transaction. The customer enters the amount of deposit into the ATM. The money is always subject to verification by an operator before approval by a physical operator. Therefore, the envelope is only acceptable after approval form the bank. In order to carry out this transaction, one has to follow several different steps.

To begin with, the user inserts the card into the ATM. Then one enters the personal identification number. From the transactions menu, one chooses deposit and selects amount and the form of money. Either the form can be in cash or cheque depending on which suits the user. After that, the sealed money placed in an envelope and inserted into the machine. There are options a person can choose from, depending on whether one is depositing though cash or cheque into the machine (Bruegge, &Dutoit,2010). 

By the end of the exercise, the customer waits and receives the printed transaction ID on the envelope. This directs the user to send a deferred transaction and then prints the receipt. This receipt is a record that one can use as a proof of transaction. Thereafter, the user ejects the card and leaves the premises or bank. The following day, operators of the bank open the security box and count the money in the envelope. The commitment of the transactions follows this aspect (Bruegge, &Dutoit,2010). 

Whenever wrong information or details input into the ATM, the transactions take a different course, and in any case, they may become unsuccessful. This applies when a person inputs the wrong PIN. Other instances that may terminate the transaction include when a person does not insert the envelope or inserts two or more envelopes in the machine. In addition, the transaction may fail if no money is in the envelope even when there is too much money in the envelope. The exception of the envelope missing is also a guarantee to having an incomplete transaction (King, 2012).

Question 3

Just like the other user cases, the process of making an account transfer follows some steps. However, for the transactions to work, the card a person is transferring to must have a link with the one that he is using. The customer inserts the debit or credit card into the ATM and enters the pin. One then selects the amount of money h/she wishes to transfer and indicates the account from which the transfer is to take place. This is followed with the account where the money is to be credited. The above requirements have to be in place for one to send the transaction. The customer then awaits for the confirmation message from the bank. The user prints the receipt and then ejects the card from the ATM.

There are times when unfortunate circumstances may occur while making the drawings. A person may enter the wrong PIN. This display a message may prompt one to try making the transaction again. If in any case there are insufficient funds in the account from which one is dong the transfer, they will receive a message. The message informs them that they do not have sufficient funds to carry out the transaction (King, 2012). Therefore, they have to load the card for them to carry out the transaction again. If the account that the transaction is being carried does not exist, the user will be prompted to check again and try. This also happens when the account credited does not exist. Incase no confirmation is received and the transaction have taken place, one should contact the service provider or wait a bit longer. However, in many cases, an error message indicating no network is visible. At times, the card may stick in the ATM. The owner has to contact the operators for assistance. The machine may also run out of paper. In this case, the user will not obtain the receipts but will get a confirmation message to indicate that the transaction has indeed taken place. In almost all of this cases, the user gets a prompt message to go back and start the transaction fresh from a particular point (Bruegge, &Dutoit,2010). 

Question 4

Management: this is an ethical challenge that arises on the part of the users due to various factors. Such factors include change requiring one to be in a position to manage that change effectively for maximum output. The change should have the ability and capacity to improve on the quality of people’slives. The elimination of workers from the workplace due to the technology has its own adverse effects on the user. This is because the user is obliged to learn new things in a new environment. This makes it difficult to comprehend since if it were human beings to offer the help, then it would of course become easier (King, 2012).

References (3)

Bruegge, B., &Dutoit, A. H. (2010). Object-oriented software engineering: Using UML,

Patterns, and Java. Boston: Prentice Hall.

King, B. (2012). Bank 3.0: Why Banking is No Longer Somewhere one Goes But Something ones

Does. New York: Wiley.

World Bank. (2010). Innovation policy: A guide for developing countries. Washington, D.C:

World Bank.

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Chapter Seven

A dietary supplement can be defined as any extra product that a person takes to supplement their diet, but the product itself is not a food item. These supplements must be taken orally in the form of pills, liquids, tablets or capsules. In 1994, the federal government implemented the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act to regulate the market on dietary supplements. The main reason why the Act may not protect consumers of dietary supplements is that the ingredients to be used in these supplements are not subject to premarket safety evaluations that apply to other ingredients for food in the market. Because of this, consumers may be exposed to some harmful or even toxic products as producers can take advantage of the laxity to use substandard ingredients.

In my opinion, dietary supplements should be regulated just like other medications. In current times, many people have resorted to nutritional supplements to improve their wellbeing. The market for dietary supplements has grown exponentially over the past few years, and thus the government has to take a closer look into what happens with these supplements. Some producers take advantage of existing lax laws and regulatory activities to produce items that otherwise would not be allowed in the market. Additionally, so many people aver put their faith into dietary supplements to the extent that they may use the supplements as alternatives to medication. The government should increase regulation of dietary supplements just like that of medications to ensure the safety of consumers and improve awareness on the issues.

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Barbaric Nature of ‘The Mongolians’

Mongolians were majorly known for how they waged war and how they fought the different battles they were engaged in. they were a group of communities forming one society with almost similar culture and manner of living. This situation made it difficult for the people who interacted with them to see them differently. However, they had a completely separate life, and even though can be considered to have been barbaric they also had their own culture and manner of living which was peaceful. Their hospitality and good nature can be displayed when William accounts for how they offered him an option to choose between oxen and horse.

On the barbaric side, we can see in ‘escaping the Mongols’ story that they can be very brutal and barbaric when it was about war. Their nature of war can be termed as very destructive and uncaring about human nature. This is despite the Christianisation which was tried by Rome in the Williams story. Their barbaric nature can also be stated as the major cause to why the Vatican or Rome tried to have them fight against the Muslims in the crusades and therefore this was an important part of their life as their nature landed them an opportunity to work with the Catholic Church. Therefore it is true that they were barbaric. However, at the same time, they had a life away from war and within their confines they were peaceful.

Works cited

“William of Rubruck’s Account of the Mongols.” Washington.edu, 2002, depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/rubruck.html.

Medievalists.net. “Escaping the Mongols: A Survivor’s Account from the 13th Century.” Medievalists.net, 23 Jan. 2018, www.medievalists.net/2018/01/escaping-mongols-survivors-account-13th-century/.

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Barbie Doll Campaign Critique

Barbie is taking a step towards developing a more inclusive brand and creating an equal society for children. The company has launched a new advertisement that features influential women of color and disabilities. The Barbie campaign was conceptualized by the Los Angeles advertising agency, BBH. The Mattel-owned brand, Barbie, launched the global campaign on 3rd May 2021. The one-minute advertisement themed ‘A Doll Can Help Change The World’ features numerous children, including both boys and girls, playing with dolls. The dolls range from white Barbie dolls to colored dolls. The children are seen putting their dolls to sleep, reading them books, putting them to bed and even kissing them goodnight. After reading the dolls a novel, the boy asks if they have questions. Afterwards, the children are seen feeding their pets and welcoming their guests into their homes. The advertisement also features a disabled child combing her doll’s hair, a boy pretending to feed his doll and a girl pretending to swim with her mermaid dolls in the bathtub.

Ad campaign link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=862sbukhpesGoals

The Barbie doll campaign aims to convey the message that allowing children to play with dolls has emotional benefits. The campaign that was launched early last year is hell-bent on showing that dolls can help change the world to become a better place. The campaign focuses on how dolls help nurture specific traits of empathy, patience, generosity, and leadership in children. Through the simple tasks that children do, such as washing, and reading to their dolls, children are bound to become better individuals as they grow up. Barbie dolls are important in early childhood development as they help children become more empathetic and generous.

Target

The Barbie Doll campaign themed ‘A Doll Can Help Change the World’ was initiated following a recent study at Cardiff University. Barbie carried out the study showed that allowing children to play with dolls helps build their social information processing skills. The campaign targets young children between the age of four and eight. The study carried out by Barbie carried on for 18 months. A team was tasked with monitoring the brain activities of 33 children between four and eight years while they played with dolls versus with tablets.

Insight

By the end of 2015, Barbie had registered ten quarters in sales decline. The Barbie doll has been viewed as a symbol of the destructive body expectations that girls deal with in current society. Notably, the Barbie doll has become the subject of wide criticism for its lack of diversity and heteronormativity. Mattel came up with an idea to change this negative perception as it was affecting the company’s sales. To do this, Mattel launched a chain of campaigns that focused on inclusivity and empowerment. They even undertook changing the body shapes of their Barbie dolls. Barbies’ 2015 campaign named ‘Imagine the Possibilities’ became fundamental in repositioning the company as a doll which helped girls recognize their potential (“Campaign Of The Week: A Doll Can Help Change The World”). As a result, Mattel was successful in transforming Barbie into a worthwhile role model that reflects the 21st century. Following a change in communications, Barbie registered enormous growth by 2016. Some of the more conservative countries seemed less emphatic about the modernization of Barbie dolls. Despite this, there is no doubt that the doll sector was headed in a progressive direction. In 2019, South America’s Hasbro launched a sweet yet straightforward advertisement showing children, and particularly boys playing with dolls and the emotional advantages of the same. The recent products that Barbie has developed features a variety of gender-neutral models, varied body sizes and differently-abled dolls. Today, toy representation has transformed from the usual nice-to-have form to a more relatable and expected norm and we have Mattel to thank for paving the way.

Coming up with engaging strategies to communicate the benefits of products is a common problem for many brands. In the past, we have encountered brands that go uncommon places to deliver messages in interesting and fresh ways. In this case, Mattel repackaged the notion that playing with Barbies impacts children’s well-being positively. The Mattel Barbie campaign came at a time when parents were nervous concerning the emotional impact that the curfews and lockdown had on children.

Big Idea

Mattel’s Barbie campaign ‘A Doll Can Help Change the World’, is the biggest advertisement campaign that the company has ventured into in five years. The big idea is that making these changes on the design and appearance of dolls was important because it impacts children’s ability to show empathy and other traits such as generosity. Although Mattel is yet to release the exact figures, Kantar estimates that the company has doubled its year-on-year spending on advertisements in 2021 and it spent $53 million on brand advertising in 2020. The first quarter of 2021 saw Barbie sales rise 87% compared to 2020 and the campaign is a clear indication to keep the momentum going.

Results

The ‘A Doll Can Help Change the World’ campaign started with research that compared brain activity of children that played with tablets versus dolls. The 33 child participants were between the age of four and eight. According to the study’s lead author, Dr. Sarah Gerson, the results of the study were rather impressive. Dr. Gerson reported that they noted that the posterior superior temporal sulcus being more active in children as they played with dolls. This is an indication that allowing children to play with dolls helps them rehearse some social skills that they will need later in life. Noteworthy, these findings are probably country agnostic since the said region of the brain has been found to play similar roles in supporting social processing and empathy across six continents. The results of the study found that playing with dolls activates the section of the brain related to empathy. Additionally, the study showed that playing with dolls affects how children interact with other people in future. The explanation is that it is only in childhood that people tend to build castles of imagination because they tend to be living in their own world. If the child castle has diverse people of all shapes, colors and sizes, the child is likely to grow to becoming more empathetic towards the people they will meet in the future.

Key Activations

For a long time, Barbie dolls used to be blonde which satisfied ideal beauty standards and sold a picture of white supremacy. Consumers viewed the brand as shallow and vapid as it promoted a negative body image, lacked Barbie diversity and perceived sexism (Sharma, 1). The first Barbie doll hit the shelves in 1959. It had perfect makeup, wore striped swimming attire, a petite figure, and a blond ponytail. In 1960, it was hard dark air and got a job. In 1969, Mattel made its first colored Barbie. In 1986, the Barbie landed on the moon. It donned a Kimono and stepped out of America in 2003. The first curvy doll was introduced in 2016 and a year later, the first doll with a hijab came. Since the Company’s makeover in 2015, the brand has introduced a variety of products called Barbie Fashionista doll, that includes 24 dolls that have eight shades of skin tone and a variety of curly hair options. Since then, the company has been making a conscious effort to develop more inclusive products.

Works Cited

“Campaign Of The Week: A Doll Can Help Change The World”. Contagious, 2021, https://www.contagious.com/news-and-views/barbie-says-dolls-boost-empathy-in-year-long-global-campaign.

Sharma, Karuna. “Barbie’S Global Campaign Reminds Us How Kids Playing With Dolls Can Aid In Developing Empathy And Generosity At An Early Age”. Business Insider, 2022, https://www.businessinsider.in/advertising/brands/article/barbies-global-campaign-reminds-us-how-kids-playing-with-dolls-can-aid-in-developing-empahttps://www.businessinsider.in/advertising/brands/article/barbies-global-campaign-reminds-us-how-kids-playing-with-dolls-can-aid-in-developing-empathy-and-generosity-at-an-early-age/articleshow/82405523.cmsthy-and-generosity-at-an-early-age/articleshow/82405523.cms.

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22009104131945LG Marketing

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Table of Contents

TOC o “1-3” h z u HYPERLINK l “_Toc406409520” Company overview PAGEREF _Toc406409520 h 1

HYPERLINK l “_Toc406409521” Date it Entered UAE PAGEREF _Toc406409521 h 1

HYPERLINK l “_Toc406409522” Product Line PAGEREF _Toc406409522 h 1

HYPERLINK l “_Toc406409523” Target Market PAGEREF _Toc406409523 h 1

HYPERLINK l “_Toc406409524” Primary Research PAGEREF _Toc406409524 h 1

HYPERLINK l “_Toc406409525” Secondary Research PAGEREF _Toc406409525 h 1

HYPERLINK l “_Toc406409526” Current marketing Situation PAGEREF _Toc406409526 h 2

HYPERLINK l “_Toc406409527” Marketing description PAGEREF _Toc406409527 h 2

HYPERLINK l “_Toc406409528” Marketing opportunities PAGEREF _Toc406409528 h 3

HYPERLINK l “_Toc406409529” Marketing Mix PAGEREF _Toc406409529 h 3

HYPERLINK l “_Toc406409530” Product Innovation PAGEREF _Toc406409530 h 3

HYPERLINK l “_Toc406409531” Distribution PAGEREF _Toc406409531 h 4

HYPERLINK l “_Toc406409532” Price PAGEREF _Toc406409532 h 4

HYPERLINK l “_Toc406409533” Promotion PAGEREF _Toc406409533 h 4

HYPERLINK l “_Toc406409534” Analysis from marketing research PAGEREF _Toc406409534 h 4

HYPERLINK l “_Toc406409535” Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc406409535 h 4

HYPERLINK l “_Toc406409536” References PAGEREF _Toc406409536 h 5

Company overviewLG Electronics, Inc. is a worldwide pioneer and engineering trend-setter in buyer gadgets, portable correspondences and home apparatuses, utilizing 87,000 individuals working in 113 areas around the globe. With 2013 worldwide offers of USD 53.10 billion (KRW 58.14 trillion), LG contains five specialties units – Home Entertainment, Mobile Communications, Home Appliance, Air Conditioning & Energy Solution and Vehicle Components – and is one of the world’s leading makers of level board Tvs, cell phones, aeration and cooling systems, clothes washers and fridges. It was established in 1947 named ‘Gold Star.’ LG was the first to fabricate radios in Korea, and after its triumphs in radio business it stretched its item portfolio into home machine gadgets, for example, coolers, TVs, clothes washers, ventilation systems, and so forth. As the greater part of organizations placed in creating nations, Gold Star (LG) began its internationalization through fare, and later on, LG created deals backups in Europe, US, and different nations (Hagelüken & Corti, 2010). In the 1980’s LG kept on growing and made abroad assembling offices, and began working R&d labs abroad. Its first lab was a configuration lab secured in Ireland in 1990. In 1995, the organization name was changed from Gold Star to LG.

Date it Entered UAEIt is clear that LG organization was introduced in UAE in 2001 and the first product to be introduced in the country was LG Refrigerator. The company is sponsored by the mother LG Company from Korea as well as the suppliers in UAE (Hagelüken & Corti, 2010).

Product Line

The company’s product line is composed of all electronic product. The latest is that LG has also introduced LG smartphones in to UAE market.

Target Market

The target market for the products of LG is the entire UAE population. However, the company is on the eve of increasing its market to working and students in the UAE.

Primary Research

LG has been utilizing research as a device for investigation and also choice making stage. It has been getting data for business choice making and in addition for stakeholders’ examination from essential means and additionally utilizing essential sources. The information from essential sources were constantly gotten from overviews, surveys and also question with specialists or experts both from the legislature and those from the business. What’s more, the organization likewise utilize essential sources as a business knowledge frameworks.

Secondary Research

The organization has been utilizing auxiliary exploration to have the capacity to get data about the business and also different business sagacity data. The data that the organization has been utilizing as optional examination is books, reports, and daily papers concerning the target market. It the organization has been working as one with different organizations, for example, the administration to get access to such data for the better great of the association. The organization has been depending vigorously on the reports from the legislature and in addition those from the contenders to increase understanding of critical business data (Schneiderman, 2010).

Current marketing SituationBeing aggressive and keeping up a decent position in the business is the most widely recognized objective of associations today. Then again, family buyer merchandise are extremely key to our day by day lives, whether it is clothes washer, a fridge or a TV; these items are an essential need to most populaces as far and wide as possible. Anyhow since the clients are searching for short conveyance times, long stretch guarantees, development, expansion and customization of items with amazing and moderate costs. It is hard for organizations to make due in such focused markets and keep their client faithfulness. LG holds its clients by giving them long haul guarantees (10 years) covering the center advances, for example, its clothes washers. Its creative engineering brings trust to its shoppers by bringing the world’s most brilliant biggest limit clothes washers in the business. Toward the end of 2010, it dispatched a 11kg washing with “” another and inventive damping framework and settled external tub.” Besides the imaginative engineering, LG clothes washers and the other product offering of home machines fits superbly into shopper’s lives, the organization consolidates both item outline and straightforwardness that speak to the purchaser’s complex taste (Schneiderman, 2010). They additionally have an exceptional arrangement of clothes washers with a line of photograph carved outline with different shades that draw in many customers and particularly youthful housewives whom are pulled in to this up-to-date plan with the joy of touching the items sharp innovation and gimmicks that makes everything perfect and simple to utilize. GE depends on the unwaveringness and trust of its clients and this trough effective specialized instruments with the participation of numerous well known organizations worldwide like Best purchase (Hu, 2010).

LGE Introduces its new items utilizing contemporary specialized devices like TV plugs, Radio, Internet and announcements with a specific end goal to make more brand mindfulness in numerous nations. LG Electronics Mobile Communication part propelled client needed items in an auspicious way through proceeded with R&D speculations and, therefore, working benefits attained normal 9.6% from 2008 to third Quarter of 2009 (Edelman, 2010). On the other hand, 2 years passed since the appearance of new engineering, advanced cells, the smothering environment keeps on existing starting today. In spite of the fact that LG Electronics dispatched new advanced cell called Optimus arrangement this October beginning from Europe to 90 worldwide markets with 120 accomplices, worldwide markets responses are not benevolent.

Marketing descriptionAgreeing (Schneiderman, 2010) to situating is the demonstration of planning the organization’s putting forth and picture to involve an unique place as a top priority of target. LG Company has a product offering of front loader machine where by their target clients are the center upper and high society advantages of the product offering is the item is sturdy and up to standard of the clients. LG worth recommendation is strong item and insurance cash back. LG they utilized geographic division where by the items are simply found on district where there prestigious shopping centers and stores, they utilized demographic division as a part of terms of sectioning their items in meeting expectations individuals and higher wage earners. LG has psychographic sectioned their items as far as way of life. An undeniable method for sectioning business sector is topography (Edelman, 2010). LG Electronics offers its stock spread everywhere throughout the world, particularly well-known nations, for instance, LG advanced TV in UAE. Schneiderman (2010) the CEO of LG Electronics (UAE) Co., Ltd., reported that LG dispatched a venture to advance advanced TV in country region in UAE. LG focuses at the country advertise and gives computerized Tvs and home candidates for provincial customers. The stress of rustic section is “value intensity”. LG is going to diminish the cost of its items with the goal that it can create well. LG gives careful consideration to upper and upper white collar classes and gives items to those buyers. Superb and great administration of LG items are progressive to the point that items are yield to created nations (Schneiderman, 2010). LG Electronics (2010) in UAE demonstrates that the items incorporate TV sound feature, cell telephones, home apparatuses, IT items, and cooling. In short, the report includes the foundation of the two focused organizations, hypothesis of business sector division and advertising blend and examination between the two organizations. Through talking about business division and advertising blend of LG and Samsung, the superiorities of the two organizations are clear to be found. The general quality of Samsung is superior to LG, so LG must be upgraded.

Marketing opportunitiesMarketplace. After all, opportunities, for example, the progressions in innovation, government arrangement, social examples, etc. An opportunity is a real circumstance in an association’s surroundings. Key patterns are one wellspring of chances. ID of a beforehand ignored business sector section changes in focused or administrative circumstances, mechanical changes, and enhanced purchaser or supplier connections could speak to circumstances for the firm. The electronic business is extending quickly which is an extraordinary open door for LG to extend itself in new market and to catch a greater piece of the pie. It likewise can stretch its target advertise geologically and socially both by presenting new item in existing market and existing items in new markets. Through the advancement in existing items it can draw in more clients in light of the fact that at present its behind the business sector administration so to turn into a pioneer, it must be imaginative to pull in potential purchasers and hold existing clients more to unexploited business of home clients

Marketing MixProduct InnovationLG put stock in holding the enthusiasm of its clients by bringing out new items frequently. In its first year of operations, it dispatched 70 models over a scope of items. In 2001, it dispatched 45 new models over its whole item extend and in 2002 it propelled 60 new models. Before creating items, LG directed statistical surveying to guarantee that its items met neighborhood prerequisites. LG modified item for UAEn markets. LG has separated its items utilizing engineering and medical advantages. The CTV range has ‘Brilliant Eye’ engineering, aeration and cooling systems have the ‘Wellbeing Air System’ and microwave stoves have the ‘Wellbeing Wave System (Schneiderman, 2010).

DistributionSoon after its entry into UAE, LG understood that it expected to be creative to catch the business. LG stretched all through the nation to far-flung towns and semi-urban markets. It sent vans the nation over, covering a separation of 5000 km consistently, to build brand mindfulness among the exchange and the clients.

PriceAt first, when LG entered the UAE business, its items were evaluated high. This was on the grounds that LG needed to import items without an assembling office in UAE. In this way, its items were evaluated as high as Japanese items. As per a few examiners, this methodology was received to make nearby shoppers feel that LG items were in no way, shape or form mediocre compared to Japanese items in execution or in quality. Notwithstanding, in 2008, LG dispatched “Sampoorna,” a low evaluated TV went for rustic customers (Schneiderman, 2010).

PromotionOf every last one of components of promoting blend, LG appeared to have put more stress on advancement and publicizing. A few examiners are of the feeling that the foundation of LG’s method was its substantial promoting. In 2002, it used around 1.3 billion on publicizing. A promotion organization which took care of the record of one of the LG’s opponents, remarked: “Correspondence makes a psyche space among the purchasers and LG has involved that genuinely well.”

Analysis from marketing researchThe examination of LG has contains that it has more quality administrations and business sector economical ability towards its business. The organization still it has some dissimilar to developments in a few markets. The LG must enhance its value methodology and advancement system at the development. The LG advertises the center ability and environment advancement item to create in a certain level. This makes LG a wide brand picture of the item. Despite the fact that LG representative was a numerous abilities and capable to build its inventive innovative items to client. Yet there is some needing into the showcasing blend like evaluating method and advancement technique to achieve the client. In future the LG must enhance its estimating system like to cut the expense of the leaving item by the method for minimizing its process and it must build time utility. There is a numerous contender has emerged for LG item. So the engineering has concerned it ought to increment to actualize in convenient way. This will increment to catch a more market in future. I consider that LG gadgets and different parts have more ability to achieve their client.

Conclusion

The audit has clarified about the Macro environment examination and Marketing mix appraoch. It embodies the LG future advancement and this survey has given more detail examination about the LG Corp. I trust in future the LG has a decent capacity and maintainable support in deals development. The LG has gone into the more related and disconnected items into the business. This is a decent start of LG to build its market ability to its wide ranges.

ReferencesSchneiderman, R. (2010). Smart grid represents a potentially huge market for the electronics industry. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 27(5), 8-15.

Hagelüken, C., & Corti, C. W. (2010). Recycling of gold from electronics: Cost-effective use through ‘Design for Recycling’. Gold bulletin, 43(3), 209-220.

Edelman, D. C. (2010). Branding in the digital age. Harvard business review,88(12), 62-69.

Hu, J. (2010, April). Overview of flexible electronics from ITRI’s viewpoint. InVLSI Test Symposium (VTS), 2010 28th (pp. 84-84). IEEE.