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Market Analysis

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Market Analysis

Introduction

A qualitative and quantitative analysis and assessments of markets should be done to examine the attractiveness and demonstrate your expertise from a financial point of view. Analysis of markets helps understand its size both in terms of value and volume. Other vital things to consider include buying patterns, customers segments, competition and the barriers present in the economic environment. Assessing the strength and weaknesses is the key thing to understand the competitors in the market. Competitor analysis provides a strategic context to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the current market. Considering our case study, an analysis of Beehive Industries Co-operative market is done to examine the size of the market, potential and trends. Competitor analysis is also done to challenge its competitors in the market.

Size of the market

Beehive Industries Co-operative deals with software solutions by empowering the public sector to keenly manage assets and infrastructure through the use of captured data and preserving it merely. Demand in Beehive Industries Co-operative is driven by the activities of the economy and the profits of the corporate whereby it operates in small businesses. Targeting services, creative skills and marketing ability are the essential driving points for the company to be profitable.

Potential and Trends

Economies of scale in-database analytics, marketing, and automated operations in Beehive Industries Co-operative allows it to compete on the price aggressively (McCann & Yazici, 2018). To compete effectively, the company has to specialize in a particular industry, considering the geographical market and the type of service offered.

The software has evolved through years from programs set on discs to immediate access through action in the online sector. The internet and cloud technology has developed, therefore, gaining direct access to software installation. In a different business model, companies operate providing a wide range of products and services to their customers. The different array of options is provided through the internet and cloud software companies (Parnin et al., 2017). Using cloud technology, different customers can pay regular subscriptions to access the internet.

Competitor Analysis

Software companies are counted as the top world developers of different enterprise solution known as infrastructure as a service; therefore, Beehive Industries Co-operative has got many competitors in the industry worldwide. One of the competitors that compete with Beehive Industries Co-operative includes Oracle based in the US with its headquarters in Redwood Shores in California (Parnin et al., 2017). The company consists of four primary sources of revenue, including cloud service, cloud license, cloud license, hardware and among others. The annual software sale yearly includes 39.5 billion dollars which s higher that the income obtained from Beehive Industries Co-operative. The most significant revenue of Oracle Company comes from cloud services and License support generating the profit up to 6.662 billion dollars in the quarter of the year 2019.

Another competitor is HCL TECH Company based in India, with annual sales of 7.8 billion dollars. It deals with software services for businesses, an offering of application integration services and management of infrastructure services. Adobe (ADBE) is a company located in the US that has annual revenue of 7.7 billion dollars from its sells. Its revenue is segmented through digital experience and digital media. Adobe helps the world choosing digital storage other than paper storage of documents (Parnin et al., 2017). The competition offered by the above competitors to the Beehive Industries Co-operative helps it work to its best to provide the best software solutions.

References

McCann, D., & Yazici, E. (2018). disrupting together the challenges and opportunities). Retrieved from https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-search.html?term=market%20research&page=1

Parnin, C., Helms, E., Atlee, C., Boughton, H., Ghattas, M., Glover, A., … & Stumm, M. (2017). The top 10 adages in continuous deployment. IEEE Software, 34(3), 86-95. https: retrieved from //www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/121714/worlds-top-10-software-companies.asp

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Letter of Admission, Georgia Tech’s Corporate

I am a hardworking and determined individual who seeks to gain admission in industrial engineering. My interest in industrial engineering began in my early childhood years and I intend to pursue this course all through to the Masters level. Specifically, I am interested in admission at Georgia tech, as I believe the college provides a comprehensive curriculum in industrial engineering. At the outset, Georgia Tech’s Corporate program allows students to take on practical applications of what they learnt in their classrooms, thus allowing proper professional performance in the field. In addition to this, the lecturer and instructors in the institute of industrial engineers have proved able to organize their classroom-thought-lessons to allow students gain proper comprehension of the coursework. This has, in turn, prompted the success of students graduating from the college, as they are transformed into well-performing professionals in the industry.

I also intend to pursue my life-long dream as a successful entrepreneur in the field through the acquisition of a minor in leadership studies. Coupled with membership in LeaderShape and the Young Entrepreneurs Society, I believe that I will rise up to become a good leader. Georgia Tech’s Shanghai initiative will also play a great role in the achievement of my life goals and dreams as it will widen my entrepreneurial and international outlook in the field. Networking with other students and affinity groups will also assist in the fulfillment of my future endeavors. I also intend to join other educative clubs such as the debate club, the national MUN club, as well as, the Georgia Tech community service council. In addition to gaining membership in clubs, I also intend to take up various games such as, basketball, volleyball, cycling, and paintball. Coming from country with a strong cultural and ethical background, I believe that I will add to the miscellany of the student college community, thus making the college a rich cultural society. Being an international applicant from a country with strong cultural and ethical believes, I wish to add to the diversity of the college community.

28092406985

A critical analysis of the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer retention

Author: Peng Chen

Date:

Project Supervisor: Mehedi HasanCourse: BA Business Management

Module: BUS602 Business Project

Certification:

I certify that the whole of this work is the result of my individual effort and that all quotations from books, periodicals etc. have been acknowledged.

Signature _________________________ Date _________________________

Contents

TOC o “1-3” h z u Abstract PAGEREF _Toc354130349 h 4Acknowledgements PAGEREF _Toc354130350 h 51. Introduction PAGEREF _Toc354130351 h 6Terms of Reference PAGEREF _Toc354130352 h 102. Literature review PAGEREF _Toc354130353 h 112.1 Customer retention PAGEREF _Toc354130354 h 112.2 Customer retention PAGEREF _Toc354130355 h 142.3 Customer satisfaction and customer retention PAGEREF _Toc354130356 h 162.4 SWOT PAGEREF _Toc354130357 h 193. Methodology PAGEREF _Toc354130358 h 213.1 Research methods PAGEREF _Toc354130359 h 213.2 Hypothesis PAGEREF _Toc354130360 h 223.3 Data gathering methods PAGEREF _Toc354130361 h 233.4 Population PAGEREF _Toc354130362 h 243.5 Sampling PAGEREF _Toc354130363 h 253.6 Questionnaire design PAGEREF _Toc354130364 h 253.6.1 Likert scale PAGEREF _Toc354130365 h 263.7 Data collect and analysis PAGEREF _Toc354130366 h 264. Findings, Analysis and Discussion PAGEREF _Toc354130367 h 274.1 Multiple Correlation PAGEREF _Toc354130368 h 274.2 Hypotheses PAGEREF _Toc354130369 h 294.3 Data analysis PAGEREF _Toc354130370 h 294.4 Demographic Information of Survey PAGEREF _Toc354130371 h 294.5 Correlation Analysis PAGEREF _Toc354130372 h 324.6 Summary PAGEREF _Toc354130373 h 364.7 Summary of Hypotheses Testing PAGEREF _Toc354130374 h 375. Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc354130375 h 37Evaluation PAGEREF _Toc354130376 h 40Reference PAGEREF _Toc354130377 h 41Appendices PAGEREF _Toc354130378 h 51Appendix 1: Questionnaire PAGEREF _Toc354130379 h 51Appendix 2: Project Proposal PAGEREF _Toc354130380 h 54Appendix 3: Multiple Correlations with five hypotheses PAGEREF _Toc354130381 h 63Appendix 4: Database PAGEREF _Toc354130382 h 64

List of Figure

TOC h z c “Figure” Figure 1: Retailer’s market share in the UK in 2012 PAGEREF _Toc354129759 h 9Figure 2: The Kano Model of Customer satisfaction PAGEREF _Toc354129760 h 12Figure 3: The conceptual framework for Multiple Correlation PAGEREF _Toc354129761 h 27Figure 4: Gender distribution PAGEREF _Toc354129762 h 30Figure 5: Participants within each of occupation PAGEREF _Toc354129763 h 31Figure 6: Participants within each of age ranger PAGEREF _Toc354129764 h 32

List of Table

TOC h z c “Table” Table 1: Overview of the Key defined Variables PAGEREF _Toc354129765 h 28Table 2: Participants within each of Gender PAGEREF _Toc354129766 h 30Table 3: Participants within each of age ranger PAGEREF _Toc354129767 h 31Table 4: The relationship between shop frequency and staff service PAGEREF _Toc354129768 h 33Table 5: The relationship between shop frequency and waiting time PAGEREF _Toc354129769 h 33Table 6: The relationship between shop frequency and price PAGEREF _Toc354129770 h 34Table 7: The relationship between shop frequency and promotion PAGEREF _Toc354129771 h 35Table 8: The relationship between shop frequency and loyalty program PAGEREF _Toc354129772 h 35Abstract

As the completion increasing, more and more company would like to set out unique policies to keep their customers and customer satisfaction and customer retention are becoming more and more important. Those two factors have been widely used in the business. The research is attempted to find out the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer retention. The methodology used quantitative research. Questionnaire was collected from 50 participants in the Wrexham through random sampling and Multiple Correlation analysis was used to analyse collecting data. The sample consisted of respondents from a wide variety of occupations and age groups. The findings show that customer satisfaction is correlated with customer retention. Further findings from the quantitative data proved that staff service, price and loyalty program are the influencing factors to affect customer retention. Meanwhile, the research used shop frequency as customer retention which can be applied in the further study. It is recommended to further study on the extent of the influencing factors affect customer retention and Multiple Regression might be a suitable method to apply on it.

Acknowledgements

I would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of project.

My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Mr. Mehedi Hasan, my supervisor, who gave a precious advice, feedback and experience to help me to improve the project and finish the project. Meanwhile, I would like to Mrs. Sandra King, my course leader, who give me the guidance on the project to complete the project. Additionally, I would like to thank IT services to help me to analyse the data to gain the result of the finding chapter. Without out their consistent and illuminating instruction, I cannot finish my project on time.

I would also like to thank the participants who were willing to accept my request to help me finishing the questionnaire with the valuable experience, which is very important for my project.

I would also like to thank my friends, who took a lot of time to discuss with me and gave me some useful ideas. It is so lucky to have such friends.

Last but not the best; I would like to take opportunity to thank my family. Their patience support and motivate me to keep on studying. No words are enough to utter their contribution in my life. Thank them in every moment of my life.

Peng Chen

May, 2013

1. Introduction

In the current economic environment, a company cannot afford to lose their customers. The rule can be applied to all of the companies. No matter which country they live or how long they have been in business. A customer who is dissatisfied with your product may never come back to your company again because many options may be available to him. Nowadays, buyers have power to select their sellers but sellers have to use various methods for trying to attract their customers to buy their products. It is easy to bring a customer to your door, but it is difficult to retain them. Therefore, this is the reason why customer satisfaction appears.

Customer satisfaction has a positive influence on a corporation’s profitability which has shown by many researchers (Carù and Cugini, 1999). Customer satisfaction can increase loyalty and current customers continue to purchase from the same supplier (Anderson et.al, 1994). Customer satisfaction can improve customer loyalty to firms, which can establish a good relationship between each other. When customers are loyal to a firm, they are likely to continue to purchase products or services from the same supplier. No matter the impact of the price changes, they are still sticking to the same company. The more loyal customers become, the more money would be spent on the company. Meanwhile, satisfied customers who will refer their friends and family members to businesses where they have a good customer service. Survey has shown that 4 in 10 customers are committed to recommend the provider to their friends (Casey and Warlin, 2001). Therefore, sellers should consider the consequences of customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction.

There are various factors that influence the company’s profit. Customer satisfaction is one of the major factors, so as customer retention. Customer retention can be defined as sales organization in order to reduce the loss of users using means to retain them. Successful customer retention always starts with the first good impression of an organization and continues the relationship throughout the entire lifetime. In some cases customer satisfaction and customer retention have a certain similarity. Kotler states:“The key to customer retention is customer satisfaction” (Kotler, 1997, pp. 20). Kotler has declared that customer satisfaction has a link to associate with customer retention. Therefore, customer satisfaction and customer retention are two key factors for the success of an organisation.

Customer retention is a strategic process to keep the existing customers and prevent them to defect to other organizations for business. Customers are company’s potential asset and competitiveness (Ahmad and Buttle, 2001). They are the base for the company. Without them, it is very difficult to be successful in the long term. Nobody wants to lose an existing customer. The goal of customer retention is trying to maintain and establish a positive relationship between the customer and the company.

Customer retention is a current topic to all of the companies, so the majority of them take an active part in setting their own policies to retain customers. Even though sample strategies, such as cash back, sending automatic emails on birthdays and solving problem, they both can hold customers. It is much cheaper to spend money on customer retention than on acquiring new customers. Loyal clients, who have a positive relationship between customer and company, will often buy additional products from the company. Additionally, they can share their experience with their friends and recommend them to join in the company.

A few businesses fail not because they do not have enough customers but they fail to retain and win new customers. Okun indicates the leaky bucket effect (1975 cited by Browning, 2008) is related to efficiency. The bucket with limiting capacity is leaky. Although you put things in it while others would leak out from the hole. Similarly, company tries to win some of new customers while old customers leave from the company at the same time. The scale of the company stays the same. It is impossible to expand your company and make a profit. The best strategy is keeping existing customers and winning new customers at the same time.

Customers can only be retained if they are satisfied with your business and are loyal enough to resist a competitor’s offer. However, satisfied customers can also walk away upon finding more attractive offers. Therefore, retention strategy must be formulated based on customers’s satisfaction.

The research will use a questionnaire to analyze customer service relates to Sainsbury’s supermarket to find out the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer retention, and investigate the key influencing factors of customer satisfaction. Sainsbury’s, built in 1869, which runs more than 1,000 stores, including 440 convenience stores and hires around 150,000 colleagues. Sainsbury’s supermarket was the largest supermarket chains in the UK. However, Sainsbury’s has been lost its market leader position. Recently, Sainsbury’s has fallen to number three in the market behind Tesco and ASDA. Sainsbury’s strategy is to put customers in the first position and tries to provide the best shopping experience to them and aims to help their customers Live Well For Less. In order to make all customers’ lives easier, sainsbury’s promises to offer great quality and service at fair prices. The sale (including VAT) got a 6.8% increase to £24,511m in 2012 (£21,102m on 2011). During 2012, Sainsbury’s market share got a slightly increase from 16.5 per cent to 16.6 per cent (The size of the UK grocery market £138.2 Billion).

(J Sainsbury plc, 2013)

Figure SEQ Figure * ARABIC 1: Retailer’s market share in the UK in 2012

The structure of UK supermarket is oligopoly market structure which has four big supermarkets dominate the whole market, Tesco, Sainsbury, Asda and Morrison’s, with almost 75% of the whole market share in the UK (Research and Markets, 2007).

Therefore, there are full of competition in the UK supermarket. In the field to the supermarket, product homogenization is so significant that a customer is easy to lure by their competitors. In order to keep the customer to continuous shop on their supermarkets, price war is the most commonly mean used by both supermarkets to be exhibited in front of people (Harvey, 2000). In coder to increase shopping experience and convenience for customers, currently Sainsbury’s attempt to trail a new creative technology called Mobile Scan & Go, which allow customers to scan items by mobile phone and pay the bill without unloading their trolley or bags. Meanwhile, this technology can allow customers to track how much they are spending and view savings instantly (Caines, 2012).

Terms of Reference1. This study purpose to assess the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer retention, why customer satisfaction influences customer retention and how it influences customer retention. It will also investigate the key influencing factors of customer satisfaction.

2. The research relates to the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer retention. By using Correlation Hypothesis, the hypothesis would be set that whether customer satisfaction is relating to customer retention. In order to prove the hypothesis, primary data could be collected via questionnaire. And the data would be collected from Sainsbury’s customer in Wrexham.3. The data will prove the result of the customer satisfaction influences the customer retention, draw conclusions and recommendations.

The rest of the report will be as follows:The next chapter is Literature Review. The chapter will critically analyse the existing research which divides into three parts, customer satisfaction, customer retention, customer satisfaction and customer retention. The following chapter is Methodology. It is aimed to talk about how to decide the questionnaire and how to analyse the data. And then is Finding. This will discuss the result of the questionnaire. Finally, it will give the recommendation and evaluates the project.

2. Literature review

The literature review will criticise relevant theory about customer satisfaction and customer retention, and critical discusses recent articles on the topic.

2.1 Customer retentionCustomer satisfaction has become an important strategy for companies. Fornell et al. say that customer satisfaction is high return and low risk strategy (2006). Higher satisfaction means the higher performance. If you can keep your customer, it means that more sales would occur at the same time. In other words, it’s the profit to the company. Research supports that customer satisfaction is linking with a company’s performance (Morgan et al., 2005). In the opinion of Homburg et al. (2005), satisfied customers who receive higher quality service or experience are willing to pay more. Therefore, the majority of companies have implemented the strategy of customer satisfaction for improvement. They spend a massive amount of time and money on the satisfaction survey to sum up customer behavior to deeper study what customers really want. Setting up relevant policies and training employees, they can improve service quality and customer satisfaction. Grönroos states that value can be delivered with satisfaction from the products and services (2009). Customer considers it as an additional value and benefit for them and they can accept it easily. The higher quality they provide, the better performance is. New technologies have helped Sainsbury’s to improve its performance and there are three technologies such as faster supply chains to speed up the time for products to deliver it to the shelves; self-checkout system to reduce queuing time; and coupon-at-till technology that help customer buy what they want economically (Caines, 2012).

Meanwhile, research has shown that customer satisfaction is the key to driving profits and competitiveness. Customer satisfaction is represented company’s competitiveness. If customer satisfaction is high, your company has good competitiveness. On the contrary, if customer satisfaction is low, your company lacks of competitiveness. During the implementation, plenty of information can be analysed to identify company’s own strengths and weaknesses and prospect the strategies for future progress. What is more, it can improve work practices. (Liswood, 1990)

Customer satisfaction has been described by Oliver (1997) as ‘the customer’s fulfilment response to a consumption experience, or some part of it’ (cited by Buttle, 2004. pp. 21). Customer satisfaction depends on customer’s expectations. Expectations-confirmation theory is the foundation of customer satisfaction (Oliver, 1980). The theory hypothesises that the customer is dissatisfied if the product’s performance is lower than expectations. The customer is satisfied if product’s performance matches expectations. And the customer is highly satisfied if product’s exceeds expectations. Kotler and Armstrong (1999) agree with the theory and suggest that expectation is related to past buying experience. Marketer should formulate the right level of expectation for customer. If the expectation is too high, buyers are hard to satisfy. Conversely, if the expectation is too low, it may fail to attract buyers.

Figure SEQ Figure * ARABIC 2: The Kano Model of Customer satisfactionThere is another theory relevant to expectation. Kano points out Kano model that further explain the expectation with three elements of the customer need which are Must-be element, One-dimension quality element and Attractive quality element

(2001, cited by Nilsson-Witell). Must-be quality element is regarded as the basic element which should be fulfilled. If not fulfilled, it would cause dissatisfaction. One-dimension quality element is the additional feature. Customers are satisfied if the element is provided. If elements do not provide, it would not cause dissatisfaction. Attractive quality element is the feature which is unexpected and matches their need. It would not cause dissatisfaction if elements do not provide and customers are highly satisfied with the element. With deeper research of customer behavior, company can get better understanding about customer’s need and expectation, which can increase sales and acquire new customer (García-Murillo and Annabi, 2002). Customers expect to gain good services, and the essential factor is the service exceeds their expectation. If you can offer exceeding expectation service, customers will satisfy and remember it. Memorable service every time can keep your customers stay with you. Interestingly, survey has found that a high level of satisfaction is not equal to the high level of loyalty (Bennett and Rundle-Thiele, 2004). Generally, customers look forward to good service which can bring convenience and match their need. However, if the price is too high which they cannot afford it, they would never buy it or only try once and never do it again.

However, some of the researchers are against about customer satisfaction. According to survey, they found that many CEO, the manager or the investors are no longer care about customer satisfaction though they have never mentioned it (Williams and Visser, 2002). Customer satisfaction no longer holds any relevance for the customer. Most of them care about their tenure and career. They would try their best to make a better performance in the short time. From then on, they have to give up the long-term strategy of customer satisfaction and focus on the short time investment, such as merger and acquisition. Also they still pay attention on customer satisfaction, such as customer compliant. Customer compliant is the fast way to reflect the shortage of company. What’s more, even customer satisfaction is also relatively unimportant for customers. Customers can get more reward for being dissatisfied. Another research agrees with Williams and Visser. In the eyes of a manager, customers are merely potential assents that need to keep it (Strategic Direction, 2003). Those contributions are better than nothing and the kinds of relationship do not mean tangible yield.

2.2 Customer retention

Customer retention is defined as repurchase intentions and is obtained by good service and good relationships (Hansemark and Albinsson, 2004). When the customer is satisfied with the product or services, he might buy it again initiatively. Even sometimes they do not realise what they have done. Long-term consumer behaviour would be repeated as routine. This is the process how customer retention appears. Based on Sainsbury’s gift vouchers and cards, the more customers spend on the supermarket, the more reward they would gain. And loyalty scheme assist Sainsbury’s to remain customer loyalty to the brand and get repeat business (J Sainsbury plc, 2013). Satisfied customers prefer to continue their relationship with the firm, and there is a less costly approach than find a new customer. Customer retention is the solid evidence that customers continue to keep a business relationship with the company. Keiningham et al. support the idea from several examples. Customers prefer to continue to use the same provider with Internet service providers, sustain an account relationship with the same bank and repeat shopping with the retailer (2007). When company understands exactly what the customer needs and the customer understands what the company attempts to deliver exactly what he needs. It is an efficient way to save time and money both. Since they have already known what is different between you and your competitors, satisfied customer would have more chances to choose your company. Tesco’ Clubcard, one of the most successful retail loyalty schemes in the world precisely, which provides cost effective goods to the customer (Stone et al., 2004). Many retailers are trying to imitate the loyalty scheme, so as Sainsbury’s. Nectar card, the largest and most popular loyalty scheme in the UK, has 11.5 million active card users. With data from Nectar, Sainsbury’s can reward customers with points, and sent relevant rewards and promotions to customers (Caines, 2012). Sainsbury’s sets up ‘NECTAR’ card scheme to allow customers to collect points in several non-competing store groups, such as Debenhams, BP, McDonalds, Argos, Amazon, Easyjet and many other places (Nectar, 2013). The approach attempts to seek other larger retailers in a different segment to form a relationship.

Payne claims that company can gain competitive advantage and survive in the increasing competitive environment because customer retention is one of the most powerful weapons (1995). Customer retention keeps customer repurchasing product and service. It cost up to five times more to get a new customer as to keep an existing one. It’s easier and more profitable to spend time and energy holding on to the customers you have (Canning,1999). To find a new customer, you have to take a lot of gifts or benefit to attract them once, and you have to keep arousing their interests. Sometimes they can be lured to your competitors and it gains nothing and costs quite a lot of money. Compare with it, keeping current customer is very easy, you just need to keep in touch with them and support something benefit to them. You possibly get lifetime value in reward. Meanwhile, long-term customers have less sensitiveness on price increases (Dawes, 2009). The loyal customer who can accept price fluctuation, maybe regards your company as a part of their life and what they do is a kind of habit nature. Customers enjoy doing business with a company because they found that the company concerns themselves.

There are many customers who the company cannot serve or are unprofitable, are less important for the company. Haenlein et al. states that company should abandon unprofitable customers because it would cost a lot of money and not profitable (2006). In the past customers are used to being treat as king. However, some of the companies maybe abandon unprofitable customer relationships. Obviously, company is an organization for the purpose of making profits. Its goal is to earn money as much as it can. If you cannot provide profits to them, they would not survive in the full of competitive society. Abandoning unprofitable customers is one of method to cut down cost. Thought it might bring risks, it is worthwhile to use it occasionally. Niraj et al. further researches that topic and declared that a small part of customers contribute to a significant proportion of total profits and a large percentage of customers are unprofitable (2001). The result accords with the Pareto principle (The 80/20 rule) which has become a popular creed of business people in the customer-oriented business strategy era. It points out that, for most companies, 80% of the profit income come from only 20% of customers (Juran, 2001 cited by Craft and Leake, 2002).

20% of these clients are always called Key account who can or have great potential to bring high value to company, which the company has to pay high attention on them. Key account management has evolved as a means to enable suppliers to prosper when confronted by when confronted by these kinds of difficult customers, conditions and fierce competition. Key account management approach adopted by most successful companies is not merely a sales and marketing activity, rather is involved to build up sustain long-term relationship with the common objective with their customers.

2.3 Customer satisfaction and customer retentionThere are few papers mention about the relationship between customer satisfaction and retention. Customer satisfaction and customer retention are two important factors in marketing. Firstly, as a driver of customer retention, customer satisfaction has a positive impact on the on retention, which can increase customer retention (Ranaweera and Prabhu, 2003 and Gustafsson et al, 2005). Customer satisfaction follows the lifecycle of customer retention. Before customer retention appears, as an important factor, customer satisfaction leads customers to start to establish the relationship with the company. When customer retention is operating, customer satisfaction leads a foundation to keep customers. When customer retention disappears, because of the bad customer satisfaction, customer starts to lose. Secondly, customer satisfaction is one of the organization’s abilities to attract and keep customers, increase customer relationships over time Ahmad, 2010). Customer satisfaction is not disposable evaluation, which is the sum up of overall performance. Customers who have long term experience have higher cumulative satisfaction (Bolton, 1998). Customer satisfaction can be increased in every purchasing. Obviously, the long term experience would get the higher satisfaction. With the collection data which can analyse customer behavior, organization uses the mean to increase customer satisfaction and keep customers. Finally, one of the advantages of customer satisfaction and retention is that Competitor’s product would not be recognized by the buyer because customer maintaining is so strong (Rese, 2003). Nowadays, many customers have many products to choose, it is not the only one option for them, therefore, these kinds of customers have a relationship with different companies in the congeneric product. It is extraordinary hard keep loyal to one company. Every company wants to establish relationships with customers and maintain them. In the meantime, they attempt to break their competitor relationship with the customer, which can increase customer loyalty with them. As a result, the competitor realised that they have lost this customer. Sainsbury’s set out Brand Match with reward over 14,000 branded goods against with Tesco and Asda. If the same brand Sainsbury’s set up Brand Match plan to fight against with other supermarkets. If the same brand you have been bought from Sainsbury’s is higher than at ASDA or Tesco on the same day you will get a coupon for the difference, the plan includes offers and promotions. Since Brand Match launched over a year ago, Sainsbury’s has given nearly 250 million coupons (Caines, 2012 and J Sainsbury plc, 2013). Similarly, Tesco and ASAD also implement the same kinds of planning.

Andreassen (1999) points out that satisfied customers are more likely to keep the relationship with the same organization than those are dissatisfied customers who would choose another one easily. The results suggested that customer dissatisfaction which caused by the initial service failure, has a negative impact on customer satisfaction and retention. When a new customer feels dissatisfaction with your company for the first time, it will take you more time get a better understand of your company. However, customer dissatisfaction does make a contribution to customer satisfaction and retention. When customer dissatisfies with products or services, they would start to complain it. If you ignore or do nothing, it would be easy to lose customers. If you take action to solve it, people think you pay attention to him and will improve customer satisfaction and retention significantly. Therefore, many companies keep eyes on customer complaint.

Customer satisfaction and customer retention are not appearing absolutely linear correlation, though they both can drive profits and increase customer’s consumption.

In some cases, you may find that some customers are satisfied, but are still not retained. Similarly, some customers are not satisfied, but are still retained. There are some reasons to explain why satisfied customers abandon your product. First of all, satisfied customers may get bored with your product and get the better price from the competitor, so they change the brand. Secondly, you provide a good product but do not match their needs; therefore, they have to give up your company. Besides, dissatisfied customers are not good at administrating expectation and they choose it optionally. What is more, because the exit cost is so high that they don’t want to take risk (Executionmih, 2012).

2.4 SWOTIn order to perform Sainsbury’s situation, a SWOT analysis has been presented below. SWOT Analysis is a useful tool to focus on aspects of the company and business sector, and evaluate the current situation of the business (Pahl and Richter, 2009).

Strength

1. Sainsbury’s as a brand: Sainsbury has been built over 140 years which has represented its brand which can get several benefits like customer loyalty and brand familiarisation. Compare with other new competitors, it has a competitive advantage.

2. Comprehensive service: Sainsbury’s not only is the food retailer, it also consists of Sainsbury’s online, Sainsbury’s property, Sainsbury’s Bank, Sainsbury’s Energy, and Sainsbury’s Entertainment, which can increase the range of services (J Sainsbury plc, 2013).

3. Reliability and trust: Because Sainsbury’s has built more than a hundred years, it has a sense of reliability and trust among customers. Customers confirm that Sainsbury’s would support the high quality product. They also trust Sainsbury’s would provide relatively competitive prices for the products if not the cheapest.4. IT infrastructure: Sainsbury’s set up many new technologies to improve customer shopping experience, such as Brand Match, self-checkout system, and Mobile Scan & Go.Weaknesses

1. Lack of international expansion: Sainsbury’s market is in England. It lacks of expansion in the international market. Compared with Sainsbury’s, its main competitor Tesco is more successful in this aspect.

2. As one of the oldest supermarkets, Sainsbury’s did not seize the great opportunity t

A critical analysis of the role of ICTS for the strategic development and an assessment of the electronic presence of organization name.

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Modern Trends in HRM and strategic development

A critical analysis of the modern practices of managing human capital employed by various companies reveals significant changes (Marchand et al., 2001). Today many organizations have realized that in order to succeed they need to do more than merely hiring persons with colorful resumes – they need to put in place modern information technology tools to supplement what their employees can offer (Bartlett, & Ghoshal, 1997). Perhaps this new trend has been advised by the conventional wisdom that organizational success is largely determined by how a company organizes its social, human, and information resources rather than how it invests in material resources (Wang & Noe, 2010). In this regard, organizations need to integrate their human and information technology capital in a way that will ensure the maximum sharing of information between employees, as well as the timely reaction and management of such information (Marchand et al., 2001).

Laudon and Laudon (2003) opine that, contemporary HRM systems must meet the objectives of the highly dynamic organizational tasks as well as marketplace challenges. In this regard HRM systems need to be highly flexible, adaptable, enduring, as well as focused so as to address these changes (Huselid et al, 1997). In extension, the HRM experts need to grasp modern professional skills capable of effectively making sound organizational decisions in mitigation of potential organizational challenges (Baloh & Trkman, 2003). All these prerequisites bear a direct impact to an organization’s overall competitive edge and hence they need to be addressed with utmost concern.

Due to these changing organizational trends particularly regarding the HRM realm, human resource experts need systems capable of handling these new changes as well as other conventional tasks (Bartlett, & Ghoshal, 1997). In this regard, the realm of Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) has been developed to provide a highly interactive interface that enjoins IT and HRM processes in an organization (Ngai & Wat, 2006). Precisely, HRIS occupies a central position in the overall positioning of an organization at the market ladder. This postulation is based on the espoused notion that, linking key departments in organization helps to reduce duplication of services, redundancy, and above all it eliminates unnecessary bureaucracies (Kovach et al., 2002). As a matter of fact, a well coordinated HRIS is capable of transforming a HR department from a mere administrative unit to a vibrant division forming a paramount part of an organization’s strategic plans (Ngai & Wat, 2006).

As Kovach et al. (2002) argue applying HRIS practices streamlines the HRM department hence making it more effective in the contribution of services towards the achievement of on an organization’s goals. This is possible through the growing technological innovations where new software capable of handling complex HRM tasks such as hiring and training have been successfully entrenched into the mainstream HRM practices. For instance, a streamlined HRM system makes it easy for tasks planning, task equipping, as well as overall workplace coordination among employees. Ngai and Wat (2006) assert that HRIS imparts a greater control of HRM practices by making it possible for experts to easily follow through critical organizational processes. Consequently, through streamlined HRM systems, experts are capable of diagnosing organizational anomalies and hence embarking on the necessary measures to mitigate such.

IT and Employee Training

Part of the core tasks of HRM entails the orientation and training of newly engaged employees (Alavi & Leidner, 2001). Organizations adopt various strategies in achieving this objective, for instance the findings of a study carried out by Laudon and Laudon (2003) on the impact of Executive Information System (EIS) in an organization’s strategic planning indicated that organizations derive a substantial part of their competitive edge from how best they manage information. In essence, the creation of information, storage, protection, as well as putting such information into active use is a critical facet of EIS (Daniels, 2007). Apparently, these processes of managing information can only be made a reality through a highly unified and interactive IT system capable of tackling the day-to-day performance of an organization and presenting such data in meaningful forms to line managers as well as the HRM experts in an organization to enable for strategic planning and normal decision-making purposes (Choo, 1991).

Such integrative endeavours can be enhanced through the application of the tenets of HRM as well as sound knowledge management (KM) practices that are espoused by IT practices (Turk, & Jaklic, 1998). Since it has been advanced that employees’ morale is boosted by the use of modern IT tools (Skyrme, 1998), organizations can endeavour to create positive and productive environments that will positively stimulate their employees and reinforce positive advancement of worthwhile skills and knowledge towards the achievement of the set objectives. Literally, how information and knowledge flows from one employee to another in an organization determines the overall productivity of an organization (Alavi & Leidner, 2001). No doubt a purposive integration of the best HRM and IT practices can elicit potentially rewarding results at the organizational level.

A fair number of existing studies support the importance of managing information at the organizational level (Chen & Huang, 2007; Daniels, 2007; Tokar et al. 2007; Wang & Noe, 2010). This is an indicator that the concept of managing knowledge and/or information is not new at the organizational level. Indeed the practices of compiling information, and storing it in a manner that it can be easily retrieved and transmitted has a far reaching history, nonetheless, it is fair to assert that the knowledge-based management of information is precisely a contemporary practice. As a matter of fact, (Alavi & Leidner, 2001) assert that practices such as transfer of worthwhile organizational practices, knowledge audits, benchmarking, as well as personnel development and appraisal drills are all new practices allied to knowledge management. Both Rotter (1945) and Bandura (1977) in their respective advancements in social learning theory opine that, for learning to take place there must be an impulse behind it. In an organizational context these impulses comes in the form of sound knowledge management practices that enhances positive stimulation, reinforcements as well as the desire to want to excel as some else (colleague) did (Owen, 2001).

On his part, Skyrme (1998) opines that knowledge management plays a core role in keeping the acquired knowledge relevant to organizational challenges. This is very crucial to HRM given that organizational challenges are dynamic and diversified – rigid HRM departments are incapable of meeting contemporary organizational challenges. Modern IT equipments and services ensure that employees are imparted with new and versatile knowledge strands that can be applied in a variety of situations.

Perhaps to understand the application of information creation and management practices in a HRM context it is better to look at it deeply from a social learning theory. In his book Social Learning Theory, Bandura (1977) offers that for the process of learning to take-off successfully there must be sufficient and purposive attention to what is being observed. Such attention and leads to the actualization, retaining, remembrance, and ultimately the comprehension of what has been learned. Apparently, this can only be achieved if the acquired knowledge is put into active use and most importantly if real-time efforts are made to ensure that there are clear motives for engaging in a learning activity. For example, employees should have good reasons for engaging in collaborative activities at the workplace for them to learn the spirit of teamwork – maybe because such collaborative activities make work easier or even induce meaning to specific tasks. In this regard, employees should be made to yearn to fit into their organizational environments by learning the basic skills and knowledge inherent in the performance of the specific tasks entrusted to them. When utilized well, IT tools and services can certainly impart these skills and knowledge among the employees, through the employment of a barrage of work-specific bonding sessions, training workshops, constant evaluation of employee performance to identify their strong and weak areas.

IT and Employee DevelopmentPrecisely, IT tools and services can successfully enhance employees’ capabilities to withstand the social and psychological conditions that characterize their immediate at the workplace environment particularly if such environments are against universal individual tastes and preferences (Akers & Jensen, 2010). Given that organizational knowledge and behaviors are mostly learned through observations, imitation and reinforcements such as reward and punishments organizations should plan their HRM departments so that they allow for the smooth transfer of knowledge from one point to another (Alavi & Leidner, 2001). One way of achieving such is through the use of internal information systems established for purposes of storing, organizing, processing, maintenance, as well as sharing of critical organizational information (Turk & Jacklic, 1998).Most software and hardware tools offer information management solutions that makes it possible for critical organizational information to be easily accessed by the employees but also helps to keep such information within the “walls” of an organization (Drucker, 20010). At the long run, organization gains a competitive edge by inducing efficiency on its HRM practices as well as by enhancing the security of information (Marchand et al, 2001).

In enhancement of the roles played by the management of knowledge and information in the overall management of organizational resources Marchand et al (2001) opined that the overall performance of organizations is not only determined by the nature of the IT tools they employ but also how they use such tools in the management of both formal and informal knowledge generated thereof. Chen and Huang (2007) justify this claim by holding that knowledge is the tool that pushes an organization into achieving its objectives. As a matter of fact, Skyrme (1998) holds that organizations that are not ready to embrace modern methods of information management are likely to face stiff competition at the market place from their rivals who have already put in place knowledge management structures. Precisely, Skyrme asserts how organizations manage information and exploit it at the market place greatly determines their overall market positioning. On the other hand, Tokar et al (2007) solidifies this assertion by holding that knowledge (formal or informal) is of no value if it is not shared amongst the employees or even when it is not subjected to the appropriate processing procedures to make it compatible with organizations unique needs .

Such postulations lead to the differentiation of knowledge into three basic facets of data, information, and knowledge. Whereas data is the bare (raw) answers, figures, and numerals, information is the compiled data, while knowledge is the information that has been reacted to and effective put into productive ends (Tokar et al, 2007). Apparently, this conversion of data to information and knowledge is subject to a number of forces – it requires strong IT stimulus to successfully develop and manifest into “resource” that can be managed for production gains (Davenport, Long & Beers 1998). In essence, the process of converting information requires the collaboration of human mind and both software and hardware tools offered by IT (Huselid et al, 1997). On the other hand, so as to effectively put into effective use of the developed knowledge there must be proper capabilities to channel it from one person to the other (Marchand et al, 2001). Essentially, this is done through three main forms, that is, through spoken, written, and practical activities (Skyrme, 1998).

From an organizational context particularly organizations with large numbers of employees, IT can play a core role in ensuring that critical information and knowledge is quickly and constructively passed through video conferencing, online chatting, electronic messaging, or even through virtual training interfaces (Turk, & Jaklic, 1998). On the other hand, basing on the notion that knowledge only exists within the minds of individuals and its transfer is determined by how best the individual can use it in conversing with others or even carrying out tasks. In this regard, for employees to achieve certain organizational goals they must be able to exhibit a certain level of knowledge (Skyrme, 1998). To achieve this, organizations need to identify worthwhile knowledge codes and establish the most appropriate IT tools for achieving those ends. This may entail identifying a few employees, training them how to handle the IT tools and then using them as imitation and reinforcement models to pass on the skills learnt thereof to the other employees (Davenport, Long & Beers 1998).

While recognizing that the engine of any organization is usually the employees, Wipro develops a wide range of technological service solutions that helps to tap the maximum service from such employees. Through these programs the company successfully links key HRM processes with IT practices and hence helping to reduce duplication of services and hence significant reduction of operation costs. The linking of the HRM and IT processes also plays to create good rapport between experts of the two departments. At the long run this helps to reduce organizational conflicts between workers a thing that negatively impacts on the overall production as it reduces the morale and commitments to the organization’s goals. The company also enjoys uninterrupted employee succession planning as it is very easy to identify which employees have left through whichever reasons and duly replace them within an appropriate time frame that allows for continuity of services to its customers (Employee Relationship Management, 2010).

The EPM program Wipro can easily identify new organizational as well as marketplace labour demands and duly arrange for refresher courses to train its employees on how best to achieve such. Again, Wipro also keeps a close tab of the status of the implementation of key HRM policies through the multi-tier response system that accords the employees an opportunity to pass their concerns regarding the effects of new changes and how best such changes would have been implemented. Precisely, such multi-tier response system accords the HRM experts an opportunity to correctly analyze the employee concerns from a wide range of indicators as it would not have been possible if only a few areas were sampled. In a nutshell, working for Wipro has got one important indication, that is, to gradually learn and grow up the organizational and career ladder through the utilization of modern IT tools (Employee Relationship Management, 2010).

IT and Employee Rewarding

In order to gain a competitive edge over their rivals many companies are investing heavily in IT (Baloh, Trkman, 2003). This is in concurrence with (Skyrme, 1998) argument that, a well equipped and staffed IT department can give an organization an upper hand in studying what their rivals are doing to mitigate conventional operational challenges such as increased costs of acquiring raw materials or even increased costs of carrying out market research. These sentiments are shared by (Marchand et al., 2001) when they assert that proper information management practices that are powered by modern IT innovations allow organizations to identify their markets, their product potentials as well as well as their suppliers’ potentials. Moreover, through access to HRM practices databases organizations can easily develop the best methods of identifying and utilizing “informal internal knowledge” that can be used to identify hardworking employees for rewarding as well as those who need to be reinforced (Turk & Jaklic, 1998). These facets of KM as employed by organizations can be very useful in helping a company make short and long term plans and hence make appropriate market decisions capable of improving the overall market share enjoyed by an organization and in extension better terms for the employees (Davenport, Long & Beers, 1998).

Employee satisfaction is one of the critical facets of the complex HRM processes (Nelson, 2005). Organizations seeking to increase their overall productivity, to satisfy their customers, and to shrug off their competition from their rivals acknowledge that they should kick-start such dreams by providing competitive working conditions for their employees (Nelson, 2005). In this regard, strategies provide competitive hiring, training, development, and motivation services to their workers enhances probability of such workers to develop positive attitudes toward serving customers professionally and efficiently (Maxwell & Lyle, 2002). When delineated in simple terms such strategies succeeds in creating a soothing yet realistic environment to the employees and clients alike by offering compensatory services that replaces some of their life values lost during normal tasking daily activities (Nelson, 2005). Apparently this is seemingly a tall order that cannot be achieved by ill-motivated and qualified employees (Maxwell and Lyle, 2002). In reaction to this many focused organizations endeavour to put in place, modern IT tools that makes tasks easy and more cheaper to accomplish, that create competitive terms for employees especially those at the low-end of the organizational ladder, as well as those that link the low-end employees with their high-end counterparts (Maxwell & Lyle, 2002).

Electronic presence of organization name.

Wipro pursues a complex and result-driven employee rewarding strategy. It achieves this through a number of appraisal programs that seek to constantly evaluate, reward, reinforce, and recommend on the best course of action regarding the overall employee preparedness to successfully carryout their mandate as expected of them. One such programme is the Employee Performance Management (EPM) which is implemented through two methods – either through the use of a software known as Software as Service (SaaS) or even the use of the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO). Under this program, the company easily, cheaply, and efficiently evaluates its employee’s overall performance vis-à-vis the company expectations. Ideally, this program is very accurate and reliable in terms of highlighting the critical areas that employees must work on, so as to perfect their general weaknesses in any area identified thereof (Wipro, 2010).

Basically, the company derives many benefits from this program. The company enjoys refined focus on its overall goals as one of the major objectives of the EPM project is to assist the company to stay focused to achieving its set goals through the purposeful engagement of its most valuable resource – human capital. Again, the company also enjoys decreased operation costs as the problem of time wastage and redundancies are completely eliminated. Under the EPM, workers who are not committed to their work can be easily identified and taken through the necessary morale building procedures as well as re-orientation of the company mission and vision. No doubt this serves to boost productivity while at the same time cutting down redundancy which of course is one of the greatest factors that lead to the accumulation of unnecessary operation costs (Wipro, 2010).

The hallmark of Wipro’s HRM and IT strategy is that an organization can provide more value for the products it sells to its customers if it incorporates IT-powered strategies in its overall production processes. In extension, the integration of organizational processes, as well as the management of potential risks through IT-powered mitigation plans is phenomenal to the achieving competitive advantage. Part of the company’s main goals is to offer a wide range of technological business solutions to other companies all year round. In essence, the company can be described as “transformation catalyst” due to its ability to provide to other companies transforming service solutions on how to tackle critical operational challenges such as outsourcing, system overhaul, as well as the integration of various system departments (Wipro, 2010).

References

7.0. REFERENCESAder, HJ, Mellenbergh, GJ, & Hand, DJ 2008, Advising on research methods: A consultant’s companion,. Johannes van Kessel Publishing, Huizen, The etherlands.

Alavi, M & Leidner, DE 2001, ‘Review: Knowledge management and knowledge management systems: Conceptual foundations and research issues’, MIS Quarterly. 25(1); 107-136.

Baloh, P & Trkman, P 2003, ‘Influence of Internet and Information Technology on Work and Human Resource Management’, Faculty of Economics, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia

Bernik, M, Florjancic, J, Crnigoj, D & Bernik, I 2007, ‘Using Information Technology for Human Resource Management Decisions’, Proceedings of the 8th WSEAS Int. Conference on Mathematics and Computers in Business and Economics, Vancouver, Canada, June 19-21, 2007.

Blyton, P & TurnBull, P., eds., 1992, ‘Reassessing human resource management’, Sage.

Cheatle, K., 2001, ‘Mastering human resource management’, Palgrave Macmillan.

Chen, C & Huang, J 2007, ‘How organizational climate and structure affect knowledge management – the social interaction perspective’, International journal of information management, 27; 104-104.

Creswell, JW 2003, Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach 2nd ed., Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.

Daniels, SPA. 2007, ‘Knowledge management in organizations’, University Maastricht: Faculty of Economics and Business Administration. Master Thesis, 1179345.

Dash, J 1999, ‘Telecommuting Continues to Rise’,. Computerworld, Marion.

Hall, T.D. & Taylor, S., 2002, ‘Human resource management’, 5th ed., Prentice Hall.

Huselid, MA, Jackson, SE & Schuler, RS 1997, ‘Technical and strategic human resource management effectiveness as determinants of firm performance’, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 40, pp. 171-88.

Johnston, P & Nolan J 2000, ‘eWork 2000, Status Report on New Ways to Work in the Information Society. Retrieved August 26, 2010 from; http://www.eto.org.uk/twork/tw00/pdf/tw2000.pdf/

Kovach, KA, Hughes, AA, Fagan, P & Maggitti, PG 2002, ‘Administrative and strategic advantages of HRIS’, Employment Relations Today, 29.(2), 43-48.

Maxwell, G, & Lyle, G, 2002, ‘Strategic HRM and business performance in the Hilton Group’, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol., 14, no., 5; 251-252.

Infinity Chacon

David Campos

English 1A

11 March 2019

Bad Feminist

Women have always fought for their place in the world. There are many stereotypes that exist about feminism. Many would assume that women are small-minded and that they are similar to men. Currently, there exist bad feminist and stereotypes that come with feminism. Due to bad feminism, women experience a lot of problems but do not speak because the society will not hear them. Feminism started way back in the 1848 when the first movement was made in the U.S. There are exist gender stereotypes in our society where men are perceived to do certain roles and women have their specific roles too. The paper is going to discuss the struggles women go through either at work, home or school. Women face a lot of discrimination and challenges but cannot speak out because of their gender and what people will think about them. Women in the military are not an exception to the bad feminist practices and they have to live with the pain and struggles while at service.

Women have struggled to gain equality in the world full of discrimination where men are seen to have more power than women. The plight of women begun back before 19th century where they were given roles to stay home and be submissive to their husbands. Recently in 2013, the UN Women launched a campaign to fight for the rights of women. The campaign utilised the google search engine where the women were to predict what people thought about them from the google search engine which gives suggestions (Mckay). What happens when you type women should’ve on google? The suggestions that google gives are shocking about what people frequently search about women but they can never dare say in public.

The place of women in the society remains to be the same from the ancient day to now where people still believe the kitchen belongs to women and no man should be seen in the kitchen. Women are allowed to be in other places and pursue their dreams and goals in life not hanging in the kitchen practicing house chores and being housewives.  Google shows that women still have no space in the society because of the prediction women should not speak in church. The plight of women is seen in many countries wherever the congress voices are heard last which, should not be the case (Morgan pg43). Women need to speak about their rights and freedom and nobody needs to shut them down. The fact that google predicts that women should stay at home this is an indication that despite the struggles by women to become independent by securing white jobs and political positions, there are still some who think that staying at home best fits them.

Women in the military face sexual harassment such as rape, and verbal abuse among others. Because women are perceived to complain a lot, none of them serving the military will ever come out to complain about feminist problems they experience at the military. Women in the military are always subjected to sexual trauma because of their gender.  Women comprises of 15% of the military in the U.S. it is obvious that he majority are men. The group of women in the military are said to be subjected to some form of sexual abuse or harassment but are always afraid to speak out because of the stereotypes that exist. According to the authors, (Mattocks, Kristin M., et al pg. 538) they conducted a research in 2009 on 19 women veterans. The veterans admitted that they went through stressful military experiences such as combat experiences, separation from family and majorly military sexual trauma. These women while at work they have varying ability to manage the stress and used various cognitive and behavioral ideas to get used to the stress in the military. They are afraid to tell their stories because no one will pay attention. Indeed, women have hard times in coping up with problems that arise due to their gender identity. Many consider women to be seeking attention and have petty issues.  

Women in the military are abused by their fellow military men, they are always quiet about the issue thus it is hard to report the exact number of cases. Women in the military are well trained are much is expected of them in terms of protecting the country and protecting themselves. Women are taught how to behave around fellow servicemen however, the service men take more advantage of the females in the military. Rapists are usually smart; they know how to keep the women silent. Many women receive gender based discrimination in the military and it is hard to convince the authorities that rape actually occurred. According to, (Weitz, pg.169), he gives a case of Emily Voland who was raped in 2009 while serving in the military. When she reported the case to the general, no one believed she was telling the truth. She was accused for acting inappropriately and lying while at work. No one wanted to corporate with her and was soon fired. This is one of the reason women in the military are afraid to open up because they are afraid of being fired or punished.

Bad feminist will always deny the women in the military a chance to speak out their prejudices. Bad feminist believes that women in the military act seductively towards men when they are on duty or out of work. This is because women have a lot of issue running through their mind for example, their children and family back at home. They assume that women seek for emotional support from the men which in turn goes beyond the expected the comeback saying that it is rape or sexual assault. According to (Weitz, pg. 169), women are always blamed for the assaults men put them through. With the fear of losing their job or insult from other colleagues after they learn about their rape issues, they decide to remain silent. A good example is Jessica Hinves who said that these things happen in the military and she did not believe it until it happened to her. She was assaulted and no one believed what she was saying, it turned to a laughing matter and many assume she was seeking attention (Weitz pg.170). The insults, one being fired and the fact that no one will believe ten forces women to stay silent.

It is not only in the military where women face sexual harassment. While at work, women are subject to a lot of harassment by their co-workers. Women are driven into unwanted relationships by their bosses in order to retain their jobs. This has been the case in most developing countries where there are high rates of unemployment. Since the boss is aware that one is in dire need of a job, they take advantage and let them not say a thing or report them to the authority. According to (King, Ynestra, pg. 179), he interviewed a group of females and let them speak out about the problems they were experiencing at work. May said they have to keep up with their ill-mannered male friends who harass them daily. Some would not speak out their problems because as a woman, one is required to be strong. Those who tend to report their problems at work, the authorities will always turn their blame on their side saying that they are the ones who causes the whole incident. As a result, females are always fighting with their problems a work since they are required not to speak out. The bad feminists bring problems to women at work.

There is gender inequality everywhere including in the military. In the military, there exist only fifteen percent of the total serving militias. Women tend to be discriminated when being given certain positions such as serving in military. Despite having the least number, there are laws that prohibit women in the military to serve in the front line. Most women and feminist believe that military should be like any other job field. However, this shall never be the case, when rules and bias still exist. Recently, the defense department announced that the policies will be revised so as to create around 14,000 positions for women in military. This seemed a great step until the department announced that the men will be given 200,000 positions regarding the same. This has not solved gender inequality problems since whenever women are given an opportunity, the men’s chance is increased. There are practical barriers that require time to maximize safety thus women cannot practice for positions on the front line. Many believe that women may not be out kicking doors and are still vulnerable to attacks and staying on the frontline will expose them to danger. Less people believe that women can do what a man can do.

Gender inequality in politics is what will exist and there is no chance that the situation is going to change to see women have full representation in politics. Bad feminist does perceive that political power is a man’s position and that secretarial and assistant jobs are for the women. We have witnessed this during political campaigns where many politicians will criticize a female aspirant not because of her ideologies but because she is a woman (Celis, Karen, and Joni Lovenduski.pg. 152). Many did not vote in Hilary Clinton as a president because it was not the right time for America to have a female president. In the world, over 90%of the countries have men as their presidents. It is believed that women cannot exercise power in big positions, they can only do this at smaller management and administration fields. Women have to cope with this type of inequality whereby even after trying, they have to let it go, and let men rule the world as they are perceived to.

Bad feminist perceive that women are restricted to certain roles at work and there are precious positions that should be handled by men. Women are not trusted to handle certain positions at an organization. Technical operations are all left to men, who they believe they can deliver. However, women who are given such technical positions have proven to deliver more than men could. We all know that Catherine and other two women, female mathematicians who their hard work at NASA station bore fruits since it is their calculations that managed to help land the first astronaut to move round the earth safely (Renegar, Valerie R., and Stacey K. Sowards, pg. 101). No one believed that women could make such efforts in the field of science.

Cultural beliefs and norms contribute as well to undermining of women through domestic violence. Some cultures around the world requires the woman to housekeep and bear children. A woman’s place is in the kitchen rather than fighting for their dreams like their male counterparts who are entitled to pursuing their dreams by the culture. The culture puts the woman under a man who she answers to and pledges loyalty to. In some of the worst-case scenarios, gender-based discrimination eventually leads to more serious issues like gender-based violence in form of physical abuse. Such matters need to be discussed, soled and if possible rules and regulations require to be put in place. These stereotypes are backward and prevent any society from progressing forward. In addition to that, societal stereotypes directly affect the lives of individuals.

We live in the 21st century where women should rise and speak for their rights. Gender stereotypes need to come to an end and the women should be empowered. Men and women need to come up and celebrate the efforts of women in power and motivate young girls to pursue goals that have been mythically assumed to be men’s. through such initiatives we are going to achieve equality in the society (Morgan). Research needs to be done to establish the truth in the military whether or not one was assaulted before going ahead to judge or fire them.  The UN Women made a great move in their campaign since this highlights things that google directors should ban from being predicted. If google can stop predicting ill things about women then it is the first step towards giving women a position in the society.

Works Cited

Carroll, Marjorie H., et al. “Rape myth acceptance: A comparison of military service academy and civilian fraternity and sorority students.” Military Psychology 28.5 (2016): 306-317.

Celis, Karen, and Joni Lovenduski. “Power struggles: gender equality in political representation.” European Journal of Politics and Gender 1.1-2 (2018): 149-166.

King, Ynestra. “Feminism and the Revolt of Nature.” Thinking About the Environment: Readings on Politics, Property and the Physical World: Readings on Politics, Property and the Physical World (2015): 179.

Mckay, Julie. “What happens when you Google ‘Women should be slaves’?” Womens Agenda 23 october 2013.

Mattocks, Kristin M., et al. “Women at war: Understanding how women veterans cope with combat and military sexual trauma.” Social science & medicine 74.4 (2012): 537-545.

Morgan, K. Morgan, K. Human Perspectives in the Internet Society: Culture, Psychology, and Gender. . Southampton: UK: WIT Press, , 2004.

Renegar, Valerie R., and Stacey K. Sowards. “Feminist transgressions: Vulnerability, bravery, and the need for a more imperfect feminism.” Transgressing Feminist Theory and Discourse. Routledge, 2018. 88-102.

Weitz, Rose. “Vulnerable warriors: Military women, military culture, and fear of rape.” Gender Issues 32.3 (2015): 164-183.

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Bad Feminist

Women have always fought for their place in the world. There are many stereotypes that exist about feminism. Many assume that women are getting petty and that they are more the same like man. Currently, there exist bad feminist and stereotypes that come with feminism. Due to bad feminism, women experience a lot of problems but do not speak because the society will not hear them. Feminism started way back in the 1848 when the first movement was made in the U.S. There are exist gender stereotypes in our society where men are perceived to do certain roles and women have their specific roles too. The paper is going to discuss the struggles women go through either at work, home or school. Women face a lot of discrimination and challenges but cannot speak out because of their gender and what people will think about them. Women in the military are not an exception to the bad feminist practices and they have to live with the pain and struggles while at service.

Women have struggled to gain equality in the world full of discrimination where men are seen to have more power than women. The plight of women begun back before 19th century where they were given roles to stay home and be submissive to their husbands. Recently in 2013 the UN Women launched a campaign to fight for the rights of women. the campaign utilised the google search engine where the women were to predict what people thing about them from the google search engine which gives suggestions CITATION Jul13 l 2057 (Mckay). What happens when you type women should… on google? The suggestions that google gives are shocking about what people frequently search about women but they can never dare say in public.

The place of women in the society remains to be the same from the ancient day to now where people still believe the kitchen belongs to women and no man should be seen in the kitchen. Women are allowed to be in other places and pursue their dreams and goals in life not hanging in the kitchen practicing house chores and being house wives. Google shows that women still have no space in the society because of the prediction women should not speak in church. The plight of women is seen in many countries where in the congress their voices are heard the last which should not be the case CITATION Mor04 p pg43 l 2057 (Morgan pg43). Women need to speak about their rights and freedom and nobody needs to shut them down. The fact that google predicts that women should stay at home this is an indication that despite the struggles by women to become independent by securing white jobs and political positions, there are still some who think that staying at home best fits them.

Women in the military face sexual harassment such as rape, and verbal abuse among others. Because women are perceived to complain a lot, none of them serving the military will ever come out to complain about feminist problems they experience at the military. Women in the military are always subjected to sexual trauma because of their gender. Women comprises of 15% of the military in the U.S. it is obvious that he majority are men. The group of women in the military are said to be subjected to some form of sexual abuse or harassment but are always afraid to speak out because of the stereotypes that exist. According to the authors, (Mattocks, Kristin M., et al pg. 538) they conducted a research in 2009 on 19 women veterans. The veterans admitted that they went through stressful military experiences such as combat experiences, separation from family and majorly military sexual trauma. These women while at work they have varying ability to manage the stress and used various cognitive and behavioral ideas to get used to the stress in the military. They are afraid to tell their stories because no one will pay attention. Indeed, women have hard times in coping up with problems that arise due to their gender identity. Many consider women to be seeking attention and have petty issues.

Women in the military are abused by their fellow military men, they are always quiet about the issue thus it is hard to report the exact number of cases. Women in the military are well trained are much is expected of them in terms of protecting the country and protecting themselves. Women are taught ow to behave around fellow service men, however, the service men take more advantage of the females in the military. Rapists are always smart; they know how to keep the women silent. Many women receive gender based discrimination in the military and it is hard to convince the authorities that rape actually occurred. According to, (Weitz, pg.169), he gives a case of Emily Voland who was raped in 2009 while serving in the military. When she reported the case to the general, no one believed her. She was accused for acting inappropriately and lying while at work. No one wanted to compromise with her, she was then fired yet the rape was real. This is one of the reason women in the military are afraid to open up because they can be fired or punished.

Bad feminist will always deny the women in the military a chance to speak out their prejudices. Bad feminist believes that women in the military act seductively towards men when they are on duty or out of work. This is because women have a lot of issue running through their mind for example, their children and family back at home. They assume that women seek for emotional support from the men which in turn goes beyond the expected the comeback saying that it is rape or sexual assault. According to (Weitz, pg. 169), women are always blamed for the assaults men put them through. With the fear of losing their job or insult from other colleagues after they learn about their rape issues, they decide to remain silent. A good example is Jessica Hinves who said that these things happen in the military and she did not believe it until it happened to her. She was assaulted and no one believed what she was saying, it turned to a laughing matter and many assume she was seeking attention (Weitz pg.170). The insults, one being fired and the fact that no one will believe ten forces women to stay silent.

It is not only in the military where women face sexual harassment. While at work, women are subject to a lot of harassment by their co-workers. Women are driven into unwanted relationships by their bosses in order to retain their jobs. This has been the case in most developing countries where there are high rates of unemployment. Since the boss is aware that one is in dire need of a job, they take advantage and let them not say a thing or report them to the authority. According to (King, Ynestra, pg. 179), he interviewed a group of females and let them speak out about the problems they were experiencing at work. May said they have to keep up with their ill-mannered male friends who harass them daily. Some would not speak out their problems because as a woman, one is required to be strong. Those who tend to report their problems at work, the authorities will always turn their blame on their side saying that they are the ones who causes the whole incident. As a result, females are always fighting with their problems a work since they are required not to speak out. The bad feminists bring problems to women at work.

Gender inequality in politics is what will exist and there is no chance that the situation is going to change to see women have full representation in politics. Bad feminist does perceive that political power is a man’s position and that secretarial and assistant jobs are for the women. We have witnessed this during political campaigns where many politicians will criticize a female aspirant not because of her ideologies but because she is a woman (Celis, Karen, and Joni Lovenduski.pg. 152). Many did not vote in Hilary Clinton as a president because it was not the right time for America to have a female president. In the world, over 90%of the countries have men as their presidents. It is believed that women cannot exercise power in big positions, they can only do this at smaller management and administration fields. Women have to cope with this type of inequality whereby even after trying, they have to let it go, and let men rule the world as they are perceived to.

Bad feminist perceive that women are restricted to certain roles at work and there are precious positions that should be handled by men. Women are not trusted to handle certain positions at an organisation. Technical operations are all left to men, who they believe they can deliver. However, women who are given such technical positions have proven to deliver more than men could. We all know that Catherine and other two women, female mathematicians who their hard work at NASA station bore fruits since it is their calculations that managed to help land the first astronaut to move round the earth safely (Renegar, Valerie R., and Stacey K. Sowards, pg. 101). No one believed that women could make such efforts in the field of science.

We live in the 21st century where women should rise and speak for their rights. Gender stereotypes need to come to an end and the women should be empowered. Men and women need to come up and celebrate the efforts of women in power and motivate young girls to pursue goals that have been mythically assumed to be men’s. through such initiatives we are going to achieve equality in the society CITATION Mor04 l 2057 (Morgan). Research needs to be done to establish the truth in the military whether or not one was assaulted before going ahead to judge or fire them. The UN Women made a great move in their campaign since this highlights things that google directors should ban from being predicted. If google can stop predicting ill things about women then it is the first step towards giving women a position in the society.

Works Cited BIBLIOGRAPHY

Carroll, Marjorie H., et al. “Rape myth acceptance: A comparison of military service academy and civilian fraternity and sorority students.” Military Psychology 28.5 (2016): 306-317.

Celis, Karen, and Joni Lovenduski. “Power struggles: gender equality in political representation.” European Journal of Politics and Gender 1.1-2 (2018): 149-166.

King, Ynestra. “Feminism and the Revolt of Nature.” Thinking About the Environment: Readings on Politics, Property and the Physical World: Readings on Politics, Property and the Physical World (2015): 179.

Mckay, Julie. “What happens when you Google ‘Women should be slaves’?” Womens Agenda 23 october 2013.

Mattocks, Kristin M., et al. “Women at war: Understanding how women veterans cope with combat and military sexual trauma.” Social science & medicine 74.4 (2012): 537-545.

Morgan, K. Morgan, K. Human Perspectives in the Internet Society: Culture, Psychology, and Gender. . Southampton: UK: WIT Press, , 2004.

Renegar, Valerie R., and Stacey K. Sowards. “Feminist transgressions: Vulnerability, bravery, and the need for a more imperfect feminism.” Transgressing Feminist Theory and Discourse. Routledge, 2018. 88-102.

Weitz, Rose. “Vulnerable warriors: Military women, military culture, and fear of rape.” Gender Issues 32.3 (2015): 164-183.

Name

Professor

Course

Date

Letter of Advice

Our Ref:

12 April 2013

John and Fred

New York 9087

BY Email HYPERLINK “mailto:jfpicframe@hotmail.com” jfpicframe@hotmail.com

Dear Client,

YOUR PROPOSED START UP PICTURE FRAMING BUSINESS

First we would like to express our gratitude for giving us an opportunity to advise you on various aspects of your business. The letter consists of the vital procedures and some background information about the business you are about to start. We also included the cost agreement that helps to set our fees and estimated costs.

Introduction: we give advice concerning the legal procedures involved before you start your business. Our team carries out extensive research to ensure that you get the most accurate information. We also assure you that the advice we provide is always credible and your interests are valuable to us. Our company does not dwell much on the finances involved in businesses, so we advise you to seek professional help for commercial or financial viability. The letter does not include profitability and aspects such as competition because we are not aware of the number of picture frame businesses in the area.

Due Diligence: Like any other business venture, the photo frame business requires a thorough evaluation of the financial and commercial aspects. Financial documentations are essential for smooth running of your business. They will help you manage your finances in an appropriate manner. You may also want to find out about the preferred picture sizes to determine the appropriate picture frames that will meet the needs of your clients. The accountant must complete the business plan and we should confirm that you completed the task before you go ahead with the transaction. The business plan may also include the materials you may use for your frames. This aspect requires you to carry out extensive research on marketable picture frames.

We highly recommend the following searches:

The zoning certificate

Outstanding issues under Council notices

Enquire about the landlord to know the solvency status and any unresolved charges or liabilities.

If the landlord is a company, evaluate each of the directors to acquire a solvency status.

Building inspections

Extensive research to ensure that no Authority has interests that could have negative effects on the business

Ownership: there are several business structures, but the main ones are:

Sole trader: this is business by one person. An individual carries out all the transactions in the business alone.

Partnership: a business by various people but not as a company. It involves various people who have common interest in the business and also make contributions to the development of the business.

Trust: holds the property to ensure that everyone benefits from the business. When many individuals run a business, they should trust each other to ensure smooth running of the business.

Company: a legal entity that does not include shareholders. It includes a group of people who may have a common interest but may not make contributions to the run the business.

We also require all the details necessary for the operations in the business. A purchase structure is also vital because it will help you determine the right measures before you enter any lease. Liability issues may also have an immense impact on the structure of the business. You should analyze every aspect of your business to help you give an account of all the activities. After you determine the corporate structure, you should give us relevant details of the business for us to register the entities with the local authorities. The accountant should carry out an appropriate review before they make any approval.

Ownership and related Issues:

Intellectual property Issues: this helps to protect the trade name of the business. It involves the registration of a trademark with the country’s IP. The trademark will give you ownership and private use of the name you register. We request you to advise us in case you want us to proceed with this issue.

Business Name: you should consider whether the business will possess the same name as the company. You should also determine whether you should register a different trade mane. You may contact us in case you have any queries concerning this aspect.

After registration of the business entities you may register a trademark to protect business transactions and also reduce the chances of exploitation of commercial interests. For instance, your trademark may consist of the name of the business or an image that suggests the activities involved in your business.

Town Planning (Zoning): The zoning of the land for carrying out the proposed business should be effective. You should consider council zoning because the council makes most of the approvals regarding the business. The council must approve all the building work on the land.

The Building Department of the council is also vital because they will advise you in case you wish to make changes on the use of the business or building work. They will help you evaluate the constraints and opportunities offered by various authorities. This may help you make appropriate decisions regarding the significance of the business on the property. You will need a written permission from the owner of the property to review the council’s files. You should also find out about proposed future developments that would affect the business in future.

You should visit the council offices to review the files related to the development work of the property. We do not have immense experience on such matters, so you should seek professional advice.

Rates: the buyer and the seller apportion the council and water rates at the date of completion.

State of Premises

State of Repair: Appropriate professionals should inspect the business premise and relevant inventories before you sign the Lease.

Building Reports and Pest assessments: Pests may destroy the pictures frames and other documents stored in your premise. This may cause immense loss and mistrust especially by clients. Pest control may also be a menace, so you should investigate the premise before you start the business.

Development Application/ Approval: Development Applications and Certificate of Compliance are the documents that will help you in this research. They will help you determine the legality of buildings around your premise to be sure about the status of the land you want to use for the business.

Finance: Finance is a crucial aspect in any business. You informed us that the bank will fund this venture. This requires you to know various terms and conditions and the processes involved to acquire funds from the bank. You should know the loan

You should have extensive information on the terms of loan facility agreements or other financial accommodations offered by any financial institution. You should also know the security required by the institution in case you need to extend your funds. You should also know the legal effect of providing guarantors in case of any default.

Insurance: we do not have essential information to provide financial and insurance advice. You should seek advice and also insure your business for full replacement of equipment and stock. Lenders would also want you to name them in the policy as individuals with interest in the business, so you should also insure the contents under a policy. Worker compensation cover and public liability insurance also require an appropriate level.

Stamp Duty: a stamp duty is necessary in case you borrow money to finance the business. Your financial institution may give you the relevant details in this issue.

Lease: if the current tenant has a lease, then they should assign it to you. Below are the key provisions related to leases that may be useful to you.

Item Lease Provision Comment

1 Term: Five year term with an choice of additional five years.

Options: 2 Lessor:

Lessee: ensure that the lease has correct entity 3 Premises: provision of correct description of the premises

Folio Identifier: 4 Rent: rent should appear in the overall expenses

Rent review: 5 Costs: outgoings payable by tenant are part of the landlord’s legal costs for negotiation, planning and completion of the lease.

Lessee’s proportion: you should check to know how much you are accountable for. 6 Promotion Levy: not always necessary 7 Assignment: you should know your rights to determine the appropriate consent and circumstances that withholding of the consent. 8 Permitted Use: you should specify this detail because th breach of lease may have effects. 9 Business hours: the council regulates the business hours, so you should enquire about this information at the council offices. 10 Redecoration date: some leases may not require this. 11 Maintenance: you may have to contribute to the maintenance costs 12 Insurances: a tenant should possess insurances such as:

Public risk

Building Insurance

Plate Glass

Worker’s compensation

Public Liability Insurance: may vary between $15- $25 million dollars 13 Default (Essential Terms): these are provisions that give the landlord authority to terminate the lease in case you breach the agreement. They include,

Lack of proper insurances

Lack of property maintenance and repair

Inappropriate use of the premises

Obligations to make necessary payments

Failure to submit Rent and outgoings 14 Guarantees: These ensure that the tenant meets the requirements of the Lease. The guarantee should be an individual who promises to face the consequences in case the other party defaults. This is a secondary obligation

Bank Guarantee: equivalent to three months Rent

You should have an idea of all the costs you should pay in relation to the Lease. These may include Rent, insurances, bank guarantee and outgoings. This will help you determine the necessary ones and the inappropriate ones.

We are also aware that you will be present during the negotiation of the Lease.

You should read the Lease carefully to ask any other relevant questions. We may also request the Landlord’s solicitor to make amendments if you have special requests.

General Taxation Implication: We do not have the essential details to offer taxation and financial advice. We cannot provide details concerning taxation implications and penalties of this business transaction. Your accountant should carefully examine the taxation preparation of the proposed purchase. They should also provide written advice concerning this information.

If you have any queries and would like further explanation, you may contact the us any time.

Yours Faithfully,

Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Xxxxxxxxxx

Part B

Question 1

Corporate governance is the set of systems, processes and principles that govern a company. They act as guidelines for controlling and directing the procedures in the company as it strives to achieve its goals and objectives. They also ensure that stakeholders benefit from the processes of the company. The stake holders include the board of directors, customers, shareholders, employees, management and the society. Corporate governance may include aspects such as transparency with regard to all transactions involved in the company, accountability towards stakeholders and enhancement of fairness in all the transactions.

Corporate governance is significant because it enhances foreign investment. Many foreign investors analyze the procedures involved in running a company to determine whether they can rely on the company. Corporate governance is a way of selling the company to the investors. It also enhances the relationship between the shareholders and the management. It also attracts customers because they want to associate themselves with companies that value their needs. Corporate governance also motivates employees to perform their duties efficiently. The society also benefits from appropriate corporate governance through community development projects. Corporate governance also improves the relationships of companies and the the authorities, for example the local government.

Question 2

An executive director is an employee of a company who is also part of the board of directors. They have a specified role in the company, so they take part in the daily procedures that take place in the company. They may act as the finance managers of the company. A nonexecutive director is a member of the board who actively takes part in decision making of the company, but they are not employees. They may take part in suggesting disciplinary actions against significant members of the company’s management. A non-executive director only takes part in the board proceedings of the company. An executive director may also enter into contracts that benefit the company. He also has extensive knowledge on every scope of the company, but a nonexecutive director has vague knowledge on the field of the company. A nonexecutive director provides external information to the board members of the company. He also takes part in ensuring that the company meets the interests of its stakeholders.

Question 3

The concept of fiduciary refers to a legal relationship based ion trust. A company may entrust its development funds to another company because of their ethical relationship of trust. A fiduciary is an individual or a party that acts on behalf of another in relevant circumstances. A fiduciary duty is the top most standard of care. Each party must place the interest of the other party before theirs.

Fiduciary is relevant in the context of management of companies because it enhances development. The managers should build a trust relationship with the employees to acquire information that may improve the company. The employees will also be free to air their views because they know that the managers will strive to make decisions that have positive effects on the employees. Fiduciary also helps a company to compete effectively in the market. The employees will not disclose any private information about the company, so the managers will share all the relevant information with their employees. Employees get motivated when they realize that the management respects their decisions.

Student’s name

Professor’s name

Course

Date

Mark Twain’s books analysis

Samuel Langhorne Clemens was born in 1835 in Florida, Missouri. The Hailey’s comet marked the entry of the young child into the world. Later in life, he could use it to predict his death. In his words, he came with the comet and that he would go with it. It was a surprise that this eventually happened. He was the sixth child of Jane and John Marshall Clemens. However, out of the seven children, only four survived the harsh childhood conditions as was common at the time. At the age of four, the family relocated to Hannibal, Missouri. The port town greatly influenced his publications such as “Adventures of Tom Sawyer” and “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”. The latter book is regarded as the Great American Novel by many literalists. John Clemens served as an attorney and judge. Twain described him as an intelligent and stern disciplinarian. His mother had a natural sense of humor and took care of them compassionately. The parent’s traits can be reflected in his character and books (Wuster).

Hannibal town was majorly dusty and quiet and was surrounded by great depths of forests and natural landscape that formed the setting of his two books named above. The Mississippi river was always lively with rafts, skiffs, and steamboats. Consequently, the boys in the town dreamt of being steamboat pilots. At the time, it was a well-paying job that caught the eye of the boys. His father died of pneumonia when Twain was eleven. As a result, Twain dropped out of school to become a printer’s apprentice. “Well, everybody does it that way, Huck.” “Tom, I am not everybody.”― Mark Twain, Later, Twain worked as a typesetter at the Hannibal Journal that his brother Orion owned. Here, he wrote several humorous sketches that were printed in the newspaper. At eighteen years, he left Hannibal and moved to several cities where he worked as a printer.

In 1856, Twain got a chance to train to fulfill his long term dream. He worked with a riverboat pilot that taught him the ways of the pilot. He learned how to row his boat in the muddy waters. In 1857, he became a cub pilot on the Paul Jones’s steamboat until 1859 when he received his pilot’s license. Twain worked as a steamboat pilot for four years, during which he familiarized himself with the towns along the river. He also learned of their practices and dialect, which would later influence his works. In 1861, the American Civil War broke out, effectively terminating his tenure as a pilot. Driven by loyalty, Twain joined the confederate forces but resigned under two weeks (Wuster).

Mark Twain joined an expedition to the Nevada region, which would later influence his work on “Roughing It”. S. L. Clemens began to use the pseudonym “Mark Twain” while in the Nevada Territory specifically for humorous sketches and travel letters. He maintained his official name for serious pieces. The humorous works garnered more fame than his serious writings. In light of this, he focused his mind on writing humorous pieces. For six years between 1864 and 1870, Twain wrote several articles and humorous letters to newspapers. In 1870, he married Olivia Langdon, who had rejected his first marriage proposal. Twain would later describe the meeting as love at first sight (Click 22). The Longhorns were stern slave abolitionists and immensely influenced his views about slaves. “Who knows, he may grow up to be President someday, unless they hang him first!” Aunt Polly about Tom Sawyer” Twain grew up in Hannibal, which held moderate perceptions about slavery. Twain stated that he never saw anything wrong with it because of the vicinity he was nurtured in. Olivia was a blessing to Twain’s work. Consequently, Mark Twain wrote many letters supporting the antislavery movement (Wuster).

In 1869, he published “Innocent Abroad”. The publication was an instant achievement that made him give up his career as a journalist-reporter and venture into writing short stories and novels. In these publications, he used satire to illustrate the claimed superiority of the Old World in disparity to the familiar American common sense. The satire is also eminent in later works such as “A Tramp Abroad” “The Prince and the Pauper” and “A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court”. Twain’s best works were shaped by his life as a child, youth, and pilot on the Mississippi River. His interaction with these peoples’ culture and dialect influenced his works on the respective books. “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” was his most successful best-selling book until his death (Twain).

The 1890s were the darkest part of Twain’s life. First, he was bankrupt at the time and was forced to makeshift to survive. Secondly, his family was sick at this time and was living in Europe. The decade was marked by dark humor, which reflected the sorrow he was going through. His work on “Pudd’nhead Wilson” addressed issues of slavery that were ongoing in the South. Works such as “Tom Sawyer Abroad, ” “Detective, ” and “Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc” were among his worst-selling novels majorly because they were written hurriedly to pay back his creditors.

Mark Twain’s story about Huckleberry Finn is a sequel of Tom Sawyer, which is a story packed with adventure and pleasure. Twain uses satire and humor to address the essential issues in 19th century America. Several fundamental themes namely, slavery, lies, betrayal, morality, and true friendship form the core of this great masterpiece (Bin). The author tries to show a biting satire founded on the American South romanticism. The book also points out the way of life of the pre-civil War American society. As one reads through the book, one cannot help but get allured to the way of life of these people. Finn is portrayed as a naive boy in pursuit of freedom who meets a black American, Jim who had run away from his mistress because she had made plans to sell her out (Click 28). The raft serves as imagery of freedom, which they seek throughout their journey. The travels are characterized by trials and dangers that help to strengthen their friendship. “So endeth this chronicle. It being strictly a history of a boy, it must stop here; the story could not go much further without becoming the history of a man.” The book chose some sympathetic approaches to racism and slavery and was therefore heavily criticized. It was banned in some southern American states (Bin).

Huck was a runaway kid. He was escaping his father, who was constantly beating him, and he sought to free himself from this social injustice. Huck met Jim at Jackson Island, together with whom their journey began. Each of the scenes shows the naivety of Finn towards the issues in society. He describes things in a blunt, straightforward manner. For example, he said that “Humans beings can be awful cruel to one another”. The words describe the situation between the Grangerfords and the Shepherdsons (Mark). In this world, slavery was accepted entirely. It was a crime for a slave to run away from their home. A slave could only be of service to his master for the rest of his life. Slavery was the order of the day, especially in the South.

Finn and Jim are metaphorically used to portray the minorities in society. Pap reveals the section of humanity that is corrupted. Widow Douglas and Miss Watson represent the proportion of the comity of religious women, while the judge embodies the government that enacts laws. The author uses humor to depict the end of romanticism and the beginning of realism. Huck is an agent of realism, unlike Sawyer. Huck cannot comprehend the tenacity of Tom’s reasoning, which provides the humor. Twain utilizes devices to attack romanticism throughout the novel. For example, the twig snap incident in chapter one is an attack on it. Another theme is the moral compass, which heightens when Huck states that he would rather go to hell than betray Jim. He seeks to rescue his friend, who ironically does not need his help (Mark).

The readers get a chance to drown themselves in the life of the American people of the 19th century. Mark Twain acquired the status of the Great American Humorist from the success of this book. The author is successful in making us understand the issues of racism, slavery, and realism that dominated at the time. “Right is right, and wrong is wrong, and a body ain’t got no business doing wrong when he ain’t ignorant and knows better.” Slavery and racism were prevalent in the 19th century. Even though, Lincoln had passed abolitionist bills, the country was far from healing. Besides, the aftermath of the war is known as the reconstruction period when the citizens questioned these issues.

Works cited

Bin, Yu. “A Critical Analysis on Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.” Foreign Language Research 2 (2015): 12.

Click, Ben. “Rhetorical Listening, Silence, and Cultural (Dis) identifications in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Revisiting the “Raft Episode” Again, Ugh!.” The Mark Twain Annual 16.1 (2018): 11-28.

Mark, Twain. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. 2015.

Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. Strelbytskyy Multimedia Publishing, 2018.

Wuster, Tracy. Mark Twain, American Humorist. Vol. 1. University of Missouri Press, 2017.

Maritime Transport’s Influence to the Coast

Student’s Name

Institution

Maritime Transport’s Influence to the Coast

Maritime transport system deals with the transportation of goods as well as passengers by water. It is among the most influential transport system globally and has dramatically influenced the United States coastal region. The New York-new Jersey Port has intimately touched the Eastern Pennsylvania and the Southern New Jersey regions which are the localities of the primary distribution centers and warehouses. The port plays a significant role not only in the region’s economic development but also political and social development. The maritime transport has eased accessibility of the region to the outside world hence attracting a large number of tourists, exportation, and importation of goods among other beneficial activities. The port transportation system has greatly influenced the land, water, and air in the region. However, the positive the positive impacts exceed the negative ones regarding the development it has facilitated in the area. In this paper, the effects of maritime shipping on the coast area regarding the water, land and air influence are discussed to a more in-depth extent.

Since the colonial time, the port industry has been of significant advantage to the nation as well as a central business that makes the area joined to the international transport network. It is also an essential worldwide commerce center that plays a vital role in supporting the states’ economic stability. The New York-New Jersey port industry composes more than the terminals, railroads, vessels, warehouses, and trucks that set up the maritime transportation system. The port transport system involves the land around the region, the impacts it postulates to the people living around and how it is influential to the air and water itself (King, et.al 2014). To some extent, the maritime industry is a source of pollution both air and water and also results in degrading effects on the human well-being.

To begin with, what are the effects of the maritime transport system to the land which dramatically includes the jersey and Pennsylvania regions? The New York-New Jersey port has significantly led to the development of the transport infrastructures in the region, facilitates the social life and enhances stability both politically and economically. The Port industry majorly deals with the transportation of cargos and human beings. Therefore, it facilitates the advancement of other transport networks such as the road and railway facilities. It is evident that in the regions touched by the port the transport industry has been dramatically advanced including highways and modern railway lines to ease the transportation of commodities to and from the maritime. There are some agricultural products among other goods that are highly perishable, hence the urge of fast and convenient transport facilities in the region.

Also, there is economic development in the states that are located in the maritime region. There are some private and public investments in the area which tends to benefit from the services offered by the port industry. It is evident that in there is a high population of people in the area who seek various services such as accommodation, banking, and recreation among many others. With this, the innovators have a background to establish their business which enormously grows with time boosting the living standards and the economy of these states. The significant private investments found along the New York-New Jersey region include banks, law firms, investment groups, insurance companies and other business facilities regarding terminal development and vessels construction. Additionally, there is a large number of private sectors dealing with the facilitation of transaction vital to the global trade (Phillips, et.al 2016).

The coastal port industry sector contributes a high percentage of the gross domestic product of the states where it is located. It is also a dependable source of employment with a considerable diversification that involves almost all another sector. For instance, it dramatically influences the tourism and hospitality industry among many other parts. All around the Jersey and Pennsylvania regions, there are adequate restaurants and tourism sites that have clients throughout the year. There is a significant effect regarding the social life of the inhabitants as during the accommodation and interactions with the tourists they learn different cultures and customs. It is not at all the times that these customs are morally upright and in many instances, the residents are exposed to unethical behaviors such as drug abuse among many others. Among the other degrading effects of the maritime transport is an increase of terrorism, bribery and other related crimes. It is through the same port that terrorists from outside the country get access to the states where the port is located leading to insecurity and increase of criminal activities.

On the other hand, the New York-New Jersey maritime shipping has significantly affected the coastal region. Due to high marine facilities the shipping emissions increases and it is more like to continue growing due to the global trade advancement. These emissions include Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides which are hazardous to the environment and the residents in the coastal region. To a greater extent, the emissions from the port industry contribute to global air pollution which is a threat to the states. There is the solution to deal with the challenge as the maritime industry has to adopt advanced technology in curbing the solution. It includes the impact on the harbor loading and offloading operations where appropriate mechanization should be applied and dealing with the fuel used during shipping (Schwab, et.al 2014). Use of quality fuel which has minimal gaseous pollution is a sound solution to the matter.

Furthermore, the maritime shipping also affects the water itself has positive and negative effects. The shipping emissions dissolve in the water leading to water pollution which is degrading to the aquatic living organisms and other creatures that uses the contaminated water. The effects can lead to health effects to human beings and to a more significant extent death of the animals that live in water. It is inevitable for the shipping objects to move on water hence the best solution is adopting ways that will reduce water pollution. The same techniques used in curbing air pollution are also applicable in dealing with water pollution. For instance, the best solution makes use of high-quality fuel and proper maintenance of the maritime facilities (Dooms,et.al 2015).In relevance to the discussion above, the New York-New Jersey maritime is significant to the states along the coastal region and has more positive impacts compared to the negative influences. Shipping is vital to the development of the state as it enhances the global connection of the transportation system. The maritime transport in the region has created many opportunities for the residents and makes people have exposure to the international trade. It is through the port that the states in the coastal region have achieved economic stability as well as the development of social customs and political grounds.

References

Dooms, M., Haezendonck, E., & Verbeke, A. (2015). Towards a meta-analysis and toolkit for port-related socio-economic impacts: a review of socio-economic impact studies conducted for seaports. Maritime Policy & Management, 42(5), 459-480.

King, D. A., Gordon, C. E., & Peters, J. R. (2014). Does road pricing affect port freight activity: Recent evidence from the port of New York and New Jersey. Research in Transportation Economics, 44, 2-11.

Phillips, P. J., Gibson, C. A., Fisher, S. C., Fisher, I. J., Reilly, T. J., Smalling, K. L., … & Jones, D. K. (2016). Regional variability in bed-sediment concentrations of wastewater compounds, hormones and PAHs for portions of coastal New York and New Jersey impacted by hurricane Sandy. Marine pollution bulletin, 107(2), 489-498.

Schwab, W. C., Baldwin, W. E., Denny, J. F., Hapke, C. J., Gayes, P. T., List, J. H., & Warner, J. C. (2014). Modification of the Quaternary stratigraphic framework of the inner-continental shelf by Holocene marine transgression: an example offshore of Fire Island, New York. Marine Geology, 355, 346-360.

Lessons from Lehman Brothers

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Lessons from Lehman Brothers

The unethical culture that that was practiced by the top executive of Lehman Brothers Company that contributed to its downfall, is still being practiced by several organizations globally. The company encouraged risk oriented culture for financial gain and questionable characters were overlooked. The professional ethics came behind profit with the employees who made questionable deals hailed. This affected the morale of the employees and eventually bred misconduct. The Lehman brothers are reported to have used excessive accounting manipulations (Dillian, 2011). Just like Lehman’s CEO’s negligence or simply willful blindness, the top management of the several organizations globally has increasingly encouraged the filing of financial reports that are very misleading and thereby abusing the accounting procedures.

In the context of Lehman Brothers Company, it is significant to note that the unethical culture is still rampant since the management of several organizations is corrupt and the driving force is the appetite for money (Shirkhedkar, 2007). Just like the company in this case study, organizations have become greedy and this has subsequently motivated them to falsify the information that provides the true financial health of the organizations. Indeed, organizations are increasingly concerned with their image to the stakeholders and are willing to engage in riskier and bigger deals to maintain this. In a nutshell, the unethical practices such as the one seen in the company in this case study continues due to unrealistic plans of the company management and subsequently making money the ideal objective.

Businesses are expected to act ethically and there is nothing unreasonable with this school of thought. The organizational culture should be that which encourage responsibility, accountability and good behaviors. The companies should not just be concerned with the profits or financial gains but rather there must be social responsibility and adherence to ethical standards. It can be seen that the unethical practices within Lehman Brothers Company led to its collapse. Therefore, it is realistic for the organizations to act ethically not just for the sake of stakeholders but also the company.

References

Dillian, J. (September 13, 2011). Street Freak: Money and Madness at Lehman Brothers: A Memoir, New York: Simon and Schuster.

Shirkhedkar, J. (2007). Saving Lehman, One person at a time. McGraw-Hill,