Category: Uncategorized

(Name)

(Instructors’ name)

(Course)

(Date)

Introduction

This paper presents an interview with the famous portrait photographer Annie Leibovitz. The interview aims at gaining more knowledge about the photographer in terms of career, style and technique in photography, as well as, her perception about the current and future trends in portrait photography. Annie Leibovitz was chosen as the preferred portrait photographer for this interview, as she is one of the most sought after photographers in the industry today. Accordingly, her knowledge and professionalism in portrait photography makes her the most suitable candidate for the interview.

Interview with Annie Leibovitz

Interviewer: Tell us a little bit about yourself. Who is Annie Leibovitz?

Leibovitz: Annie is a third-generation American, coming from a homogenous Jewish Background. My late father worked as a lieutenant colonel, and my late mother as a dance

instructor. I come from a family of six children, I am the third born in the family, and I have three children, Sarah, Samuelle, and Susan (Somerstein 1). I am also a professional Portrait Photographer

Interviewer: Why and how did you become a photographer?

Leibovitz: I became a professional photographer because of my artistic interests that I first

discovered as a little girl. I took my very first photos during the Vietnam War, and since then I have been hooked on photography (Somerstein 1). I became a professional photographer back in 1970, when the Rolling Stones magazine looked at my work and decided to sign me on as their photographer.

Interviewer: What does Photography mean to you?

Leibovitz: Photography is more than just a career for me, it is a passion, a way to relate with

the world. Photography is my life. When I take a photograph, I feel an essence of communication between me and the person am taking the photograph of. It is a new learning experience for me every time.

Interviewer: How long have you been a photographer?

Leibovitz: I have been a photographer since I was born. But professionally, I have worked as

a photographer since 1970 to date. That equals to about 4 decades now (Somerstein 1).

Interviewer: Most photographers and artists claim that it takes quite some time before getting

their “Big Break”. How long did it take you to “make it” in the industry?

Leibovitz: I cannot give you the actual date for when I “made it” but because my first

publicly accepted photograph was that of John Lennon during my time at Rolling stones, it would be safe to say that I “made it” in the 1980s, which was ten years after I started working professionally. So it took me around ten years before I got my big break.

Interviewer: How would you define your photography? What kind of photographs do you

take?

Leibovitz: I define my photography as iconic photography (Somerstein 1). This is because I center on taking

portrait photographs of those considered as the rich and famous in society.

Interviewer: With all other photography options available, Why did you particularly settle for

portrait Photography?

Leibovitz: Portrait photography has always interested me from time in memorial. This is

because, when I like something or someone, I take a photo of them. To me portrait photography is the best way to get to know people better, to communicate with them, and learn more about them. Portrait photography is reality, which is what I want to experience when I take photographs

Interviewer: Who were/are your biggest influences?

Leibovitz: In terms of following my dream, my biggest influence was my family. In relation

to photography, photographers such as Henri Cartier-Bresson and Frank Robert were my biggest influence (Somerstein 1). They have a way of using their photography as a toll for personal reportage. The photographs they take are merely a report of what is, no additions, no subtractions, just a graphical representation of reality.

Interviewer: We all know that you have worked for famous magazines such as the Rolling

Stones magazine and Vanity Fair. They have all been big projects for you and you have executed each project remarkably. Now, am curious, how do you get work? Do your clients look for you? Or are you the one who looks for them?

Leibovitz: In the beginning, I had to look for clients, I had to sell my projects to the industry

and for that reason, I needed to gather as many customers as possible for my work. I still do up to date but at the moment, it is the clients who come looking for me. They say I am good at what I do and they want me to take a portrait photograph of themselves

Interviewer: Marketing is a great tool for business especially in this industry. I know that most

artists and photographers need to market themselves to their customers if they intend to sell their pieces of work. How do you market yourself? 

Leibovitz: At the moment, I don’t really market myself because my work has become

familiar in the industry and most people now recognize my pictures from a distance. However, before I built a name for myself in the industry, I had to go out and market myself. Literally. I would walk up to clients, present my ideas to them, then wait for a phone call. Luckily I landed myself a job as a magazine photographer, and I did not need to do that anymore

Interviewer: You have been working as a portrait photographer for quite a number of years

now. You are one of the few photographers who have managed to keep themselves in the industry for a long time. What motivates and keeps you motivated to continue?

Leibovitz: My love for photography motivates me to continue working in the industry. Every

new photograph I take acts as an inspiration for the next photograph I will take

(Somerstein 1). When I look at my photographs, I am amazed at what I see, which, in turn, motivates me to take more photographs hoping that the next will be similar, if not better, than the previous

Interviewer: Having looked at some of your pieces of work, like the portrait of John Lennon,

portrait of Whoopi Goldberg and my personal favorite, portrait of Lance Armstrong, the multifaceted nature of your photography is evident. Some of your photographs appear hard to take with the basic camera. Do you mind telling us the kind of equipment you use during your photo shoots?

Leibovitz: I simply use a Camera. Nothing complicated 

Interviewer: Do you have a studio? Where is it located? And how important do you believe

that having a studio for a photographer like yourself is? 

Leibovitz: Yes I do have a studio, actually I have a number of studios in the states, New

York, San Francisco and the rest. Having a studio for a photographer is as important as having a hand calculator for the accountant. Much as one can calculate without it, the accountant still needs to go back to using it

Interviewer: Do you do more location or studio work? 

Interviewer: Staying current has been an issue for artists, especially photographers and most

have found themselves phased out from the 21st century. The trends keep changing, for example, everything has gone digital nowadays. As a photographer who has been around for four decades, how do you stay current? And do you struggle at this?

Leibovitz: Yes I do struggle with staying current. Most people do not believe this, as they

claim that my photographs seem to meet the ‘current’ requirements. My strategy for staying current is quite simple staying true to myself. I care more about taking pictures than being current, and surprisingly, that make me current

Interviewer: How has Digital changed business?

Leibovitz: For some it has, and for others, like myself it has not. The biggest change that

digital has brought in photography lies entirely on editing. One can take a photography in the studio and edit it to look like they were in a desert. I am not a big fan of digital photographs and I believe that computer photography is not photography at all (Somerstein 1).

Interviewer: In conclusion, have you ever considered taking a self-portrait of yourself?

Leibovitz: I would love to do a portrait of myself but I think taking a self-portrait is very

complex and difficult (Somerstein 1). I am so used to being behind the camera and taking the photographs that being in front of the camera is a bit scary for me.

Work Cited

Somerstein, Rachel. Annie Leibovit: Life Through a Lens. pbs.org, 27 October 2008. Web. 21

October 2011.

21900 Business Literacies and the Future of Work

Report Draft Peer Review

Criteria Comment

Introduction – Does the draft include elements of an engaging or catchy introduction? Does it Introduce the topic and include 1-3 supporting ideas? Is there a sentence that clearly states the report purpose and approach? The draft include elements of an engaging or catchy introduction. You begin your discussion with an interesting definition of digital literacy against how people interpret it. You offer supporting ideas from other scholars to provide credibility for your work. Your thesis statement is also very clear stating that “The rapid integration of digital by businesses and governments has created enormous opportunities, such as cyber security awareness, cutting cost for business and competitive advantage for digital firms and it has also been faced with challenges like resistance from employees and lack of clear plan and vision.”

Definition – Does the draft include a definition/explanation of the chosen topic? The draft has a number of definitions of digital literacy and of future of work. You then offer examples of how digital literacies apply to the current workplace, versus where scholars perceive the function to be heading in the future

Supporting evidence – Are there facts and evidence listed to support the key points? Are 1-2 charts/images/data included? Are citations and references to charts and supporting data provided? The draft contains facts and evidence listed to support the key points, including data and information on digital literacy. The information is also well cited and relevant.

Logical order – Generally, are ideas in the draft presented in a logical order? Does the conclusion re-state the statement of purpose? Does the conclusion recap the 1-3 supporting ideas of the introduction? Ideas in the draft are presented in a logical order. The draft begins by defining key terms then proceeds to apply these definitions in real-life situations. The conclusion also re-states the statement of purpose and recaps the supporting ideas of the introduction.

Comment on the strengths, something positive, or something that you like about the draft One of the main strengths of the draft is its application to contemporary business situations. The draft makes a connection between digital literacy and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, where technology, and all of the functions around it, have changed how the workplace connects to a business and the employees.

Comment on an area of opportunity or idea yet to be explored, or something to develop further in the draft A better assessment of the role of digital literacy to future work should have had a more in-depth reaction regarding future concepts relating to work.

Comment on something that you don’t understand, or something in the draft that isn’t working I don’t understand why the role of digital literacy is presented as only being beneficial to an organization and not also to the employees.

200852 Innovation, Creativity and Foresight

Quarter 1, 2020 – WSU SCC

Individual Essay

“Developing Business and Social Innovation through Creativity and Foresight Methods”

<<Mindmapping>>

First name Surname (student id.), WSU email address

Abstract

Businesses cannot stay competitive without being innovative. When finding innovative solutions for business and social problems, creating new ideas, or brainstorming to solve problems, numerous creativity and foresight techniques can be instrumental. These methods provide tools for operationalizing creativity while serving as imperative inputs to business and social innovation. This report focuses on the use of one of these methods, namely, mindmapping in the context of developing business innovation. Mindmapping is an effective method as it allows people to think towards a particular flow to attain creativity and find innovative solutions for problems by organising their ideation visually and in brain-friendly ways (Elmansy 2015; Luenendonk 2015).

Background

In comprehending the significance of mindmapping in developing business and social innovation, it is crucial to delve into its history, typical application contexts, and justifications for its use in the current context.

History and Background Information

The use of mindmapping dates back to the third century when Porphyry of Tyros employed mind maps to abstract ideas presented by Aristotle, Picasso, and Leonardo da Vinci (Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020). Later, diagrams that map information graphically using radial maps came into existence, advancing the mindmapping concept. In the 1950s, a British psychologist named Tony Buzan created schematic networks for hypothesising how human learning occurs, hence presenting it as a thinking method (Elmansy 2015; Luenendonk 2015). In the 1960s and 70s, Tony further propagated and schematised mind maps by providing authoritative accounts of using this technique (Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020). Today, mindmapping has evolved to become an effective technique for producing ideas by association where tedious information is richly organised into memorable diagrammatic representations.

Typical Application Contexts

The mindmapping technique has numerous applications in business, scholastic, personal, and familial contexts. In education, mindmapping is essential in brainstorming, note-taking, summarising, collaborating in innovation sessions, and resolving complex ideas. In business, mindmapping is applied in retrieving information needed in enhancing and customising other applications such as social tagging systems, search engines, and expert search networks (Beel, Gipp, and Stiller 2009). In familial settings, mindmapping is useful in studying genealogies (See Appendix A), storytelling, conducting colour pen creativity sessions for children, and simplifying correlations, among others. In personal contexts, mindmapping helps in structuring, analysing, synthesising, and comprehending information and thinking critically to generate new ideas essential in innovation and creativity as Vygotsky (2017) suggests (See Appendix B).

Justification for Application in the Current Context

The use of mindmapping in developing business innovation can be justified based on the analysis of its advantages, drawbacks, preparations, additional activities and tasks, and associated costs.

Advantages

The use of mindmapping in business innovation brings about some research-supported merits one of which is efficiency where outcomes are produced faster. Also, mindmapping augments memory, retention, and meaningful learning (Greene 2019). Another advantage is that mindmapping leads to greater engagement, flexibility, speed, adaptability, focus, information conciseness, and transparency, leading to higher productivity (Mento, Martinelli, and Jones 1999). Mindmapping also simplifies the comprehension of complex problems, ignites resourcefulness, and enhancing planning (Greene 2019).

Limitations

The drawbacks of mindmapping are that it requires radical brains, following some tough rules, and can be time-consuming. Also, if not constructed and structured correctly, mind maps can breed confusion. Too large mind maps can also hinder one’s analytical proficiencies (Davis 2010).

Preparations

Four steps are involved in preparing for mindmapping or creating mind maps. The first is to determine the central concept. The second involves creating the fundamental idea-organisation structure that includes the main branches (Basic Organising Ideas (BOIs)). These BOIs are exemplified by branches diverging from the main concept outwards (Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020). The third step entails generating the keywords related to the BOIs that will sit on smaller branches stemming from the main branch. The last step is to review the mind map, organise items systematically, and number the branches.

Additional Tasks and Activities

Some additional activities and tasks in preparing mind maps include using associations and hierarchy, engaging radiant thinking, using easy-to-recall keywords, colour, symbols, and images, and adopting a personal style (Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020).

Costs

The costs involved in creating mind maps include the time used in generating the concept, branches, and drawing the map. Some financial costs could include the expenses for acquiring an online tool to create a mind map.

Using Mindmapping for Innovation

The business innovation concept I develop using mindmapping is the establishment of a digital business model for a consultancy firm. So, the main concept of my mind map is the digital business model (See Appendix C). The associated outputs towards realising an effective digital business model include the design, consumer relationships, disruptive innovation, model blocks, recommender systems, online research, social media, 5G networks, sharing economy, filter bubble, long tails, and privacy (See Appendix C). Each of these major outputs connects to minor output categories that relate to specific items and factors to consider when developing the company’s digital business model. By considering these factors, an innovative digital business model is developed to assist the company in improving its consultation services and attaining a competitive advantage in the marketplace innovatively, Mento, Martinelli, and Jones (1999) advocate. I used an online tool called Mindmup to generate this mind map and automatically saved it in PDF format.

Conclusions

The use of mindmapping in developing business innovation is imperative because it assists in unlocking the brain’s potential when discovering and developing new ideas about a particular concept. In this case, I used mindmapping to develop an innovative digital business model in which I gained the following key insights:

Key Insight #1: Enriched Visualisation

The mindmapping exercise helps one to tap into the power of visualising concepts, patterns, and insights relating to an innovative idea, communicate the key component of the idea and display them with clarity and simplicity.

Key Insight #2: Software Applications

While mind maps can be drawn using the hand, the adoption of online software tools and applications in generating them is imperative in that it broadens the scope of one’s mindmapping by permitting the inclusion of more thoughts and ideas.

REFERENCES

Beel, J, Gipp, B, and Stiller, J. O 2009, November, “Information retrieval on mind maps-what could it be good for?”, In 2009 5th International Conference on Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing (pp. 1-4). IEEE.

Davis, M 2010, “Concept mapping, mind mapping, and argument mapping: What are the differences and do they matter?”, Parkville: University of Melbourne, Australia.

Elder, D 2016 May, “Look at your family in a whole new way: with a mind map”, Familylocket.com, viewed February 06, 2020, https://familylocket.com/look-at-your-family-in-a-whole-new-way-with-a-mind-map/.

Elmansy, R 2015, “How to use mind mapping for better thinking”, Designorate, viewed February 06, 2020, https://www.designorate.com/how-to-use-mind-mapping/.

Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020, “Mind maps”, Emerald Group Publishing, viewed February 06, 2020, https://www.emeraldgrouppublishing.com/learning/study_skills/skills/mind_maps.htm.

Greene, J 2019, “7 Research-backed benefits of mind mapping”, Focus: The Creativity & Productivity Blog. Vaterstetten, Germany, viewed February 06, 2020, https://www.mindmeister.com/blog/mind-mapping-benefits-who-needs-mind-maps/.

Luenendonk, M 2015, “Techniques for Idea Generation: Mind Maps”, Cleverism.com, viewed February 06, 2020, https://www.cleverism.com/techniques-idea-generation-mind-maps/.

Mento, A. J, Martinelli, P, and Jones, R. M 1999, “Mind mapping in executive education: applications and outcomes, Journal of Management Development, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 1-25.

Vygotsky, L 2017, “Innovation and creativity”, Cambridge International University.

APPENDICES

<<Appendix A: Mind Map to Conceptualise a Family setup>>

Figure SEQ Figure * ARABIC 1: Family conceptualisation mind map

Source: Adapted from Elder (2016)

<<Appendix B: Visual Overview of Creativity and Innovation>>

Figure SEQ Figure * ARABIC 2: Visual Overview of Creativity and Innovation

Source: Adapted from Vygotsky (2017)

<<Appendix C Sample Landscape Set-up of My Mind map>>

In the monotheistic traditions, the idea of saints is to an extent similar that of the previous idea of the hero. They are similar in the sense that both act as a middle figure in the connection between humans and gods. In the Old testament the stories are mostly related to human figures who can best be put under the category of heroes. The heroes and saints are alike in establishing the human connection with the divine. Both are considered to be extraordinary figures, above common humanity and closer to divinity.

The difference between the two lies in the fact that while Heroes mainly represent external worldly adventures and were held as a source of pride, the saints represent internal spirituality. Still in a sense, saints are also considered heroes where they symbolize the heroic struggles and sacrifices on the way of fulfilling God’s will. For example, Moses may not be considered very similar to Hercules, still he is a human figure who experiences adventures while serving the community values and working to fulfill the God’s will. However, Moses is mainly a religious leader, a prophet and a law giver according to the Hebrew Bible and Quran. Even, in case of Christianity there is an important role of heroes, however instead of heroes, Christianity has used the label of saints. In Islam also, the idea of saints or prophets is to a degree similar to that of that of the heroes. The saints are venerated for their trust in God which never waned even in the face of sufferings. Quran mentions Jacob as a preacher of monotheistic faith and revers him for his extraordinary patience during periods of suffering.

Reference:

Religion: Three Religions One God (n.d.). In Global Connections. Retrieved May 26, 2013, from HYPERLINK “http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/themes/religion/” http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/themes/religion/

Khan, A. (1992, October). The Review of Religions. In Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. Retrieved May 26, 2013, from HYPERLINK “http://www.alislam.org/library/links/00000129.html” http://www.alislam.org/library/links/00000129.html

Introduction to Biblical Studies

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Question 1

John’s gospel is different from the other three in the New Testament. That fact has been recognized since the early church itself. Whereas in the three synoptic gospels Jesus actually eats a Passover meal before he dies, in John’s gospel he doesn’t. The last supper is actually eaten before the beginning of Passover. John’s gospel that is rooted in the revival of the post Pentecostal church derives its teachings on the life of Jesus and majors on the aspect of repentance. The synoptic gospel is rooted in the life and acts of Jesus that looks at the various aspects of faith and Grace and also borrows from Paul’s ideas. There is a great sense of correlation between the Synoptic gospel and the deeds of the apostles that talk about and prepared what Jesus would emphasize in his teachings and works. In particular, the John’s gospel narrates the life and works of faith that are derived in the need to stay pure. John as an apostle thus majors on the works of grace and faith that are what covers a large part of the New Testament.

The synoptic gospel is more conservative and focuses on works that would prepare key figures like Paul further what Jesus would leave behind. Throughout the New Testament, the words of Jesus are well documented and shows an application of grace. According to John’s gospel, there are distinct aspects of faith and grace that amounts to one’s state of spirituality. While it is true that the gospel of John is rooted in grace and works of purity, the narrations given talk more of the life of Jesus as a son of God. The synoptic gospel mainly in he Acts and Luke lays the foundation for the works that the promised messiah would accomplish. The two sets of gospels however strike the core value of repentance that was the main message that John talked of in his gospel. John seen as the one sent to call on people to “prepare the way” invites a new direction into the teachings of faith and holiness. Just like in the acts of the Apostles, John links the meaning for holiness to repentance as the gateway to welcoming the messiah into the heart. One of the main ways the derived message resonates with other gospel is that John worked through various teachings to show how grace and holiness are compatible and dependent on each other.

Looking at the synoptic gospel, it is cereal that the message is derived from what would become the teaching of faiths and holiness that came through repentance. The aspect of Jesus eating Passover meal before he dies also differentiates the synoptic from john’s gospel. In the synoptic gospel, Jesus as the central figure in the teachings eats Passover before he is crucified. However, there is not account of Jesus taking the Passover before his death in the John’s gospel. These differences accounts what and how Jesus led his life and the foundation to what and how he derived his teachings. The value to holiness, repentance, and works of faith are largely empathized in the synoptic gospel as mentioned in the four books.

Question 2

The Bible records key instances and calls that define the relationship between mankind and God that was base don promises and covenants. In Abraham’s call through his strong faith in God, there is an incredible narration of how God wanted to establish a nation that would form a new chapter in creation. Abraham’s call by God to be the father of many nations under the name Israelites compares to the Messianic expectations because both signify God establishing a new race that would rule over the earth. Likewise, the genealogy of Jesus that runs through many generations traces back to Abraham’s call that ties many aspects of faith and covenants thus fulfilling what God told Abraham about a new nation under his name as the father.

In Nathan’s Oracle depicted in 2nd Samuel 7:4-17, the Bible records how God intended to make a covenant that would a establish a firm relationship and birth a new generation. Nathan announced to David how God was making a covenant with him that would last forever and usher in a new phase of direction through kingdoms and faith. There is similarity between Nathan’s Oracle and Abrahams’s call because both instances depict God striking a new agreement bae don faith and belief that would alter the course of events.

David who would lay the foundation to a new beginning running from the Old to New Testament is hereby the pillar that connects mankind to a new phase through Jesus that came through the Messianic fulfillment. Likewise, the messianic expectations that are depicted in the Gospel of Mathew have outlined the various aspects of derived holistic approach to God’s promise of establishing a new generation. The messianic expectations are also a reflection of what God promised Abraham that he would give him a new generation based on faith and grace. Through the New Testament, the Abraham’s call is fulfilled with the birth of a messiah that would affirm a strong promise that God through David’s line showed that he was working a new phase on his relationship with mankind.

The messianic expectations in the Gospel of Mathew defines a long-awaited messiah that would come from the lineage of David. In addition, the gospel of Mathew depicts a King who would come to unify the old and the New. Considering that the promised King would come from the lineage of David, this thus connects to Abraham call that was foretold in the Old Testament. Linking g both Abraham’s call and Nathan’s Oracle lays the foundation to the events that would shape the New Testament in terms of the coming of a new king. The promise given to Abraham about the coming of a new Kind through his decedents is thus revealed through David. Nathan who by this time is just a normal person is used to bring the news of a covenant that God would make to usher in a new age of faith, grace, and holiness.

Through the promises made in the Old Testament mainly to Abraham, more is revealed into what and how God would structure the life of his decedents who would undergo persecution and suffering. These events are also narrated in the book of Isaiah where the fulfillment the promises made in the earlier days would be launched. Abraham’s call and the depicted events that shape the messianic coming are thus the foundation to the new testament and the fulfilment of the God-Abraham covenant. God establishes various covenants that abide and fulfil through the events that unfolded both in the old and new testament. More is revealed though the coming of the messiah and thus the book of Mathew that ushers in a new age thus affirms the Abraham’s covenant and call.

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Date

19th-century artists challenge to Academy

Academic art is a style of either painting or sculpture production influenced by the European literary arts. Beaux-Art architecture is closely related to academic art as it holds the same classical ideal. The painting and sculpt expressed thoughts and statements, values, and ideas concerning an object or subject.

Although academic art was influential, it brought along the challenge to theoretical values. Academic art was not into the concerns, wants or the interest of an individual. Some of the significant difficulties with the art were unclear communication, social identity, capabilities are ignored, and economic and social imbalance.

Some art and sculpts do not give precise information on the message they are to put across, especially to those who cannot translate them. There is also misinterpretation of the message being put on a cross by different paints as different people see and judge their opinions. The art of a bird on a tree may be used to show a sign of peace, but another person interprets it as love for nature, unlike in modern academics, where a written message is given to be read and understood by most people.

Not all people are interested in art, but literary art does not give an alternative option for a student to choose from. This is a challenge to the academic values, which are more concerned with the interest and what the learner wants to identify him or herself with. The potential of a learner is also not given any concern. A learner may be capable of doing a good write-up, but since it is only available, it remains hidden and not utilized.

Art has different segments, which are; artistic purpose, subject matter, and content. All this has contributed to the change in art expectations. The purpose of art has transformed from being a mechanical or technical skill to a contemplated and introspected thinking. The area of concern that has led to the inspiration of art may be a cultural, historical, or formal context that has changed the subject matter in art. Art is no longer a decorative piece to an emotional and our way of thinking as a person. A piece of art has helped change how we think and appreciate certain perspectives of life like diverse cultures and communities and their participation in different aspects of life.

Art is still one of the many ways to express one’s thinking and appreciation of different things. Giving the proper art education without forcing it on people brings out the effectiveness of art and can convey the intended meaning. The theoretical values have contributed significantly to this by getting the interest direction of a learner, nurturing it, and ensuring the learner produces what was intended and not the instructor’s order. This provides the people seeing the art or sculpts able to derive intended meaning.

19th Century Art Concerning Modern Life

Artist in the 19th century has in one way or the other described modern life in different arts. Some artists used their skills to describe the emotional and psychological effects of the transformation. An example is a painting showing a stripped person with an anxious face. This shows a person deprived of what he knew and meeting a new world with no idea how to go about it. This shows the transformational journey and its consequences.

Some other arts were used to show the kind of lifestyle coming or being experienced in modern life. Art leads people to a gathering with drinks and specific modes of dressing that were not seen in the 19th century. The art explains the day-to-day life of people, the modern life of partying, and the indecent mode of dressing that has come along with the lifestyle.

Art colors also gave different phases in the transformational journey to modernization. Some artists used dark colors to express the difficulties to be experienced during the transformation. Bright colors with a shade of white were used to encourage patience in the transformation process to modernization which is vivid in the modern world.

The human figure was one of the significant arts used to send or express ones thinking or art direction. A human figure with strokes was a sign of a hinder or a courageous person. Some on vases or walls showed cultural beliefs and trust. A human figure, especially interiors, led romance and quietness—Pastel color, which raised the worker’s mood. A figure drawn with casual clothes that is bright with a pose shows confidence in the person. A person with dull colors and looking straightforward was depicted to show vulnerability and easy to be taken advantage of.

The human body was also used to express optimal beauty. The journey to explore the human body was used to the technological rapid change in the development of many life areas. The political and social changes were also artistically shown using the human body, which transforms as time goes by. This art depiction is vivid in the current rapid change in almost all aspects of life from social, political, and even cultural elements. The use of colors on women’s art figures also gave meaning to the described type of woman. A woman figure with blank ink and white background indicated simplicity in a woman. Others showed immorality and others chaotic

Whether modern or ancient, art always gives a broad message than spoken words to those who can deduce it. Technology has improved art in many aspects and made it more apparent to everyone despite being an artist in the contemporary world. This has contributed to many people developing an interest in artwork. Art has also boosted the economy as it used a skill to earn a living among people with the desire to venture into it without being forced. Art is food for thought.

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1970s Trends, Fads and Fashion

The 1970s were a time of fashion revolution. People exchanged their mode of dressing to keep up with the times, influenced by music, television shows, fashion magazines such as Vogue and Cosmopolitan, as well as social and political events of the times. Fashion items to be discussed include popular clothing materials, colors and styles, trends in hair and shoes, and the things that influenced these trends. To address the topic adequately, fashion can be divided into groups based on gender and age; men, women and youth, and other groups such as hippies, African-Americans, and heavy metal fans. Some of the distinct fashion styles in the 1970s include bright colors, bell-bottoms, puffed-up hairstyles, vintage clothing, satin, glitter, and platform shoes.

Women are the most prominent group when it comes to fashion because they concentrate a lot on their looks, clothes, and general appearance. The 1960s were characterized by hippie looks in women’s fashion, and the trend continued into the early 1970s. Some of the standard pieces of clothing that women preferred include tie-dye blouses, embroidered Hungarian blouses, capes, military shirts, ponchos, and Mexican peasant blouses as tops. These tops would be paired with popular bottom styles such as frayed jeans, bell-bottoms, midiskirts, maxi-dresses, and gauchos (Kim & Farrell-Beck 186). All of these items of clothing were made of extremely bright colors, Native American patterns, as well as Indian and floral patterns. Women also accessorized with items such as chokers, headbands, floppy hats, and dog collars and flowing scarves, all of which were made from natural materials such as shells, wood, stones, leather, and Indian beads.

Women’s fashion changes as the decade progressed. In the mid-70s, the hippie-look faded and was taken over by casual wear such as cardigans, sweaters, T-shirts, kimonos, khakis, jeans. Accessories became minimal, although almost all women carried shoulder bags. Popular shoe styles included loafers, Mary Janes, platform shoes and sandals, as well as knee-high boots. Marriage trends in the mid-70s also influenced fashion. Many more women got divorced and had to get work to support their families. These working women would wear midiskirts, tailored jackets, and fitted blouses, which were all feminized versions of the men’s business suit (Kim & Farrell-Beck 189). Women also began to layer their clothing, wearing multiple layers of clothing at once. Pastel colors took on more prominence with items of clothing such as pinstripe suits, palazzo pants, pencil skirts, suede coats, blazers, evening gowns, and low-cut dresses. Boots continued to be popular, including cowboy boots, platform boots, ankle boots, and wedge boots. The pantsuit became the go-to choice for women in executive positions in the late 70s as a political statement of their equality with the men at work.

The disco style of music was also trendy in the 1970s, and it had an impact on the fashion trends of the decade. Clothes worn to the disco were meant to show off one’s body, and the popular items were tube-tops, spandex shorts, wrap dresses, sequined halter neck shirts, and maxi dresses and skirts with high slits (Chapman & Johnson 12). Fashion magazines and TV shows heavily influenced 1970s hair and make-up trends. Many women wore their hair long and sleeked with a part in the middle, which came from 1960s fashion. Charlie’s Angels was a popular TV show, and it popularized the flicked hairstyle where women would flick their hair to look like wings at the temples. The Farrah Fawcett hairstyle incorporated waves, layers, and curls, and many women copied it. Women wore make-up in either minimalistic trends set by American magazines like Cosmopolitan, while others preferred the sexualized evening look promoted by European fashion (Welters 491). A smaller group went with glam and punk make-up.

Men and youth’s fashion resembled that of women in many ways; for example they also wore bright colors. The early 1970s were a time of prosperity for many young men, and they had either well-paying jobs or successful businesses. Satin shirts in the colors gray and black gained popularity among this group. The colorful fashion trends at the time led to the period being marked as the Peacock Revolution. Men wore candy-striped blazers, Nehru jackets, turtlenecks, tunics, and elephant bellbottoms that hugged the hips (Stone & Farnan 31). The mid70s were a time of casual fashion, and men opted for sweaters, cardigans, and T-shirts. Sportswear became more popular towards the end of the decade for both men and women.

Teenage fashion was controlled mainly by the music terns of the time such as punk, rock, and disco (Chapman & Johnson 13). Fashion from punk rock included ripped clothes, drainpipe jeans, black turtlenecks, tight leather pants, shirts, and jackets with taboo messages which were embellished with accessories such as studs, chains, spikes, and paint. Men preferred to keep their hair longer, probably as a sign of rebellion against earlier standards. The Elvis Presley hairstyle and the ducktail were common, and men used large quantities of Brylcreem to hold the styles in place. Men also liked sideburns at the time, although the trends faded towards the end of the decade. In conclusion, the 1970s was a time of exciting and colorful fashion choices. Men, women, and youth looked to the environment around them, such as music, politics, and social revolutions to determine their fashion choices. The most common trend among all groups includes bright colors, bell-bottoms, vintage clothing, mainly influenced by glam rock and disco music styles. Fashion was also used to make political and economic statements especially for women seeking equality with men at the workplace.

Works Cited

Chapman, Ian, and Henry Johnson, eds. Global Glam and Popular Music: Style and Spectacle from the 1970s to the 2000s. Routledge, 2016.

Kim, Eundeok, and Jane Farrell-Beck. “Fashion in context: Apparel styles worn by young women in the United States and South Korea in the 1970s.” Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 23.3 (2005): 180-202.

Stone, Elaine, and Sheryl A. Farnan. The dynamics of fashion. Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2018.

Welters, Linda. “The natural look: American style in the 1970s.” Fashion Theory 12.4 (2008): 489-510.

Business Financing and the Capital Structure

Student’s Name

Affiliation

Course

Date

Debt and Equity Financing

Debt and equity financing are the most common sources of capital in business. Most businesses prefer to use both financing methods to enable reduction of downsides of the other. Debt financing is short term costs and obligations where one will retain full ownership of your business. This is mainly borrowing money from creditors. Advantages of debt financing are: It if finite and payment of debt is over time without any obligation to lender. It is also tax deductible on interest on the short term or long-term loan. Disadvantage: Money must be paid back within a fixed duration. Assets of the business can be collateral to the lender. (Jack D. Glen, Brian Pinto, 1994)

Equity financing is a long term investment and the investors hold an ownership interest in the assets. The benefit is that money is given in exchange for equity in business of stock. Advantage of Equity financing: Business owner focuses on profit making rather than loan repayment. It’s less risky than loan as there is no requirement to pay back investors thus can channel profits into expanding the business. Disadvantage: The investors will demand for ownership interest and for any decision made you will have to consult them.

An investment banker can provide leverage and help sell your business .An investment banker helps a company raise significant capital for business owner and assist in propelling a company into the next stage. In selecting an investment banker we should look at their expertise which market sector they specialize in, their experience and relationship because you are entrusting him to sell your business.

Risks and return for common stock versus corporate bonds

Investing in stocks or bonds requires you to know about the issuing entity whether corporate or government. The issuer should have a good financial performance in which one can evaluate through bond ratings and annual reports. All investors believe the higher the returns on an investment the higher the risks are. (Justin Longnecker, J Petty, Leslie Palich and Frank Hoy, 2013)

Common stocks are considered to be an equity investment; companies sell or issue stock to raise capital to fund a business. Corporate bonds are debt instruments the issuer uses to borrow money and they are issued by companies representing larger bond markets. Corporate bonds have less risk than common stock, because the price of bonds isn’t likely to increase unless interest rates fall. When company’s earnings grow the common stock will rise over time and a reduced rating will usually cause bonds price to fall. Bonds help diversify an investment portfolio and reducing the risk e.g. a blue chip bond is a very low risk investment that provides good income.

Bonds are rated based on risks but common stock carry greater risk because holders are last to be paid in case of bankruptcy. Bond holders have the lowest risk and have a stronger claim to payment than common stock holders.

Diversifying the portfolio of investments reduce the risk of a sudden unexpected outcome, this assists when a loss in one investment maybe offset by a gain in another investments. A portfolio should be spread among many different investments such as assets e.g. real estate’s or even stocks. Securities should vary in risk by picking different investments with difference in returns ensuring that large gains offset losses in other areas. Diversification reduces risk taken by an investor but it does not lower risk of underlying securities and it’s difficult to reduce risk of securities.

Reference

Justin Longnecker, J Petty, Leslie Palich and Frank Hoy (2013) Small business management

(17 ed., pp. 144-256) Cengage Learning

Jack D. Glen, Brian Pinto. (1994). Debt or equity: How firms in developing countries choose. (pp. 3-27). Washington Dc: world Bank publication.

1984 Literary Essay Assignment ENG 4C

Due date: ___________________________ (rough work and turnitin.com)

(-5% per day late penalty until both rough work and good copy turnitin.com submissions have been made)

For this assignment you will write a five paragraph, 700-900 word essay on one of the following topics:

Analyze the theme of betrayal in 1984.

Analyze the theme of dreams in 1984.

Analyze the theme of the danger of government control in 1984.

Remember:

*You must submit evidence of the writing process (outline and edited rough copy).

*Use MLA format. (size 12, Times New Roman font, double space, use one side of the page…).

*Follow formal writing rules (present tense, no contractions, correct pronoun use…).

*Write in the present tense; use the active voice.

*Write a strong thesis statement that is proven with convincing evidence.

* Use the keyhole structure for essay writing.

*You must include at least one properly cited quotation in each of the body paragraphs.

*Each supporting point must have two pieces of evidence.

*When typing, italicize the title of the novel.

Submission:

On the due date please submit your essay in the following order:

Good copy (turnitin.com)

Edited rough copy (-10% if the edited rough copy is not submitted)

Outline

Plagiarism will be strictly dealt with and may result in a grade of zero.

Use critical thinking skills to consider the topic and write the essay. If further assistance is required, consult with the teacher during the writing process.

Outside research should only be conducted to obtain contextual information; cite all sources carefully.

There will be a 5% mark deduction for any work cited on the works cited list that does not correspond with in text citation.

Please note that it is an academic offence to submit your own work that has previously been submitted for academic evaluation.

Please see Mrs. Hill if you require help or have questions.

Good Luck!!

Name____________________________ T#__________________________

Please submit this in class and your paper to my email HYPERLINK “mailto:david.baker@tsu.edu” david.baker@tsu.edu

Due October 14th

Instructions for your mid-term

AJ 499:01

Fall 2019

Do not write a summary of the article nor evaluate the topic. INSTEAD evaluate the effectiveness of the presentation of the topic. All six (6) of the following must be completed in 4-5 pages APA format, 12 font and no running header. Cover and reference pages will not be counted. Failure to follow all directions will result in a penalty of 0 for this assignment.

The author is arguing …………….

The author constructs this argument in the following manner…… OR The author endeavors to convince the reader that his/her argument is correct by …………..

My evaluation of the author’s argument (not the topic) is ……….

because……..

Additional materials used and how each is related to the author’s argument.

Which course objective(s) best related to this article?

What is your understanding of the administration of justice after completing this take home exam?