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Ahmya Ash                                                                   

Advanced Composition 213

Professor Ruby Lewis

October 29, 2020

“Everyday Use”

In Alice Walker’s “Everyday Use,” Dee (Wangero) Johnson neglects her real heritage and adapts a new one, while belittling her family who lack education. Dee remains unevolved throughout time no matter her changes in beliefs. Although Dee achieves her goals by overcoming her circumstances such as poverty and racial discrimination, she is not admirable for her achievements or courage. She is selfish and self-centered, and remains unchanged from her childhood to now after several years. When she was younger her family’s house burnt to ashes scarring her sister and leaving her family to start over again. Her mother “Mama” believes Dee watched the house burn in awe and that she should have done a dance around the ashes. Dee’s disregards empathy for her sister’s tragic experience, and lack of gratitude for the money raised for her education, gives insight to how self- centered she is. Additionally, Dee continuously gravitating towards nicer more luxury items. Her desire for quilts indicates her static behavior. Dee usually parades around with flashy attire, making her a target to envy by her friends and family.

Dee’s relationship with her family first became estranged after she left for school in Augusta. Dee is the only one in her family that has the privilege of higher education. Mama and her sister “Maggie” did all that they could to raise money at the church to send her to college. Doing so, Mama noticed the first time Dee showed any sort of affection towards Maggie, which gives you context into Dee’s selfishness. Maggie, who is very timid, often gets anxious and nervous around her sister. Dee is exceptionally beautiful compared to Maggie, which does not aid in closing the animosity between sisters. While at school Dee was exposed to a life outside of rural and farm like living. She surrounds herself with individuals who are “woke” or actively seeking knowledge about their ancestry. Indulging herself in the Black Consciousness Movement, she adopts a new-found persona or “heritage.” She does not have the best understanding of African culture. While on this journey she simultaneously neglects her own roots. More concerning, Dee’s attempts to try and “wake up” the community is more counterproductive than productive. She ultimately demeans and degrades her family and friends instead of inspiring their development.

During the Black Consciousness Movement, Dee acquired a new Afrocentric identity. Dee’s persona becomes loud, garish, and judgmental. She operates under the guise of “Black Pride” and a “pre-slavery identity” which is popular amongst many black college students of the 1960’s. Dee’s colorful attire and preference to be called “Wangero” seems forced and without nuance. Her appreciation of “everyday” objects, like the butter churn and quilts lies not in their practical usage, -but in the history of the objects. She seeks to reclaim these artifacts rather than use them in everyday life, which does not sit well with Mama. Dee challenges people including activists, separatists, or anyone else who disregards or rejects her version of Black legacy. The individuals who indulge themselves in the Black Consciousness Movement have a romanticized view of Africa. They do not embrace the cruel reality of what it is to be Black in America. Much less embrace the strength it takes African Americans to persevere in such circumstances. Dee has a theoretical domain of a belief system. This system stands out completely from the natural, and physical, work concentrated way of life Mama and Maggie are used to.

Dee’s distorted perception of her heritage stems from her not wanting to be connected to slavery. It is evident that Dee is more into displaying her new-found beliefs as a way to make herself feel more empowered in her life. Rather than embracing her history in a way that represents and expresses her ancestor’s trials and tribulations. Dee chooses to showcase parts of her life that look good. She picks and chooses that parts of her heritage that she wants to acknowledge and disregards the ones that don’t serve her image. She skips over the pain of the past and only shows a highlighted reel. Quite the opposite, Mama and Maggie have embraced all parts of the life they have built. Dee is fascinated by their rural authenticity, snapping photos while she visits them like they are on display at a museum. In doing so, Dee viably disrespects and cuts herself off from her family. Rather than respecting and grasping her authentic roots, Dee looks down on her family’s poverty. She believes herself to be above them.

Dee (Wangero) lives in her own world as she tries to find her new identity within African cultures. She has rejected her real and known heritage in favor of a constructed one. Dee does not think her sister and mother understand the value in their family’s artifacts. She has the vein idea that her ancestors’ belongings should be preserved. Being detached from the objects themselves she believes they should be preserved and admired later. Mama and Maggie have a personal bond to their family’s belongings. They have cherished the relationships with those who had them before. For Mama and Maggie using the possessions like the hand-stitched quilts, it is a way to keep the memory alive of those who made them. Due to Dee’s superficial nature she rather possesses items of her grandmother to show off to her peers. Which is ironic because at the same time she denounces her name which was also her grandmothers’. Dee is so determined to detach herself from her actual heritage, she ultimately loses herself in a fictional identity.

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How Has The Gay Rights Movement America Evolved Since The 1960s?

In the past, gays were looked down upon as insane or outcasts because majority of the people did not want to be associated with gays. As a result, the gay community lived secluded from the society like people suffering from leprosy. The United States has in the recent past accepted gays as part of the community, but in order to be recognized the community has to persevere or endure a number of challenges.

The documentary video titled “American Experience: Stonewall Uprising,” brings out clearly the struggles that the gay people had to undergo in order to be recognized. The documentary brings out the events that led to riots at the Stonewall Inn in the City of New York in the year 1969. In the 1960s, being a gay was not only illegal but was regarded as a sign of insanity. The documentary shows that the police were aware of the gay community, but they were paid to leave them alone.

The police would carry out raids early in the day, but on that particular night, things were different as a large crowd confronted the police the following night. The aftermath of the confrontation was that the gay community came out in public for the first time ever. One year later, the first ever-gay parade was held to defuse the notion that gays were insane people.

In the elections that took place in the 1970s, a man by the name Harvey Milk, became the first ever open gay to be elected to a political office. He was elected to serve at the San Francisco Board of supervisors. Unfortunately, he was assassinated by a former rival who was later arrested and brought to justice; an event which was as historic as his election. Individuals who were never brought to book had murdered many African Americans during the civil rights movement; that was a signal that people were starting to take the gay movement seriously.

The early 1980s was another milestone for the gay community because the AIDS epidemic had just started during this era. Many gay people felt that they were not given any health care services. This compelled them to hold rallies in a bid to sensitize their members about the disease. In the year 1987, the gay community added another feather on their hat: a congressional representative by the name of Barney Frank came out and stated that he was gay. This was an achievement because the gay community had one of their own serving in the House of Representatives.

The early 1990s saw a rise in gay unions, thus opening a door for gay marriages. This era was not smooth sailing for the gay community because a policy known as “the Don’t Ask Don’t Tell” was put in place. The law banned gays from serving in the military. As a result, majority of the gay community had to hide their identity. The policy was however repealed by the Obama Administration on July of the year 2011. This meant that after 20th September 2011, gay people were now confident of revealing their identity without fear of discrimination.

In the year 2012, Congresswoman by the name of Tammy Baldwin successfully clinched the title of the first ever openly female gay in the United States House of Representatives after convincingly defeating the former Wisconsin Governor Tommy Thomson in the 2012 elections. This made her the first ever openly gay person male or female to be elected senator.

Conclusion

The gay rights movement has undergone tremendous changes since the 1960s. The gay community is no longer regarded as a bunch of insane people. Their rights are now being respected and the community has learned to accept them as part of them. Gay people can now marry and live their lives just like as other couples. They can have access to health services without fear of victimization. Laws that were against the rights of the gays no longer dominate the world because those that protect the gay community thrive all over the world.

Social Media

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Journalism in the Digital Age

The United States press has for a long time in history evolved in terms of openness and freedom. Society has been affected tremendously, due to the interne also, in news reporting. Through the internet, it is now possible for news to be reported immediately as well as information sharing taking place. The mentioned two dynamics can be combined with various technologies that can be used by the news industry. Furthermore, a significant transformation in news reporting has been witnessed all over the world. In turn, societies have benefited due to sharing of information, and there have also been set backs in the process (Goessi, 2011).

Journalists are now satisfied with the internet as it has brought about increased publishing speeds. News reporters can instantly have the news displayed on web pages without having to wait for long hours to print their stories. People are now able to watch real time news as it unfolds on the internet. Before the internet existed, there were limited times when people could access the news (Krotoski, 2011). This was at night, evening, mid day and in the early morning. Fortunately, that is all in the past as people can access the news from various websites. Also, the journalism industry is trying as much as it can to respond to customers requests by providing information.

In the year, 2010, a survey was conducted by the CBS news and it involved around 1800 users of the internet. They ranged between the ages of 25 years to 64 years. According to the findings of the survey, 71percent of them viewed the news on the web as compared to buying newspapers. On the other hand, 44 percent of them spent their time online watching television. It is assumed that the latter also watched news shows online (Goessi, 2011). The provided statistics prove that the internet is extremely vital, as compared to traditional methods of displaying news. Also, it shows that journalists are readily becoming in sync with technology progression. As a result of the internet being used in journalism, news reporting has benefited from added features. It should be known that images and texts are the prime components of newspapers. Through reporting news via the internet, it is possible to have features such as slide shows, color photos and video, among others. Furthermore, it is possible for comments to be left by the readers on the internet news. Stories can also be supplemented by having various contents added to their sites, and example is through twitter. A story can be effectively augmented in many ways by news writers and reporters.

The converging media is responsible for changing how news reporting occurs. Currently, the news focuses on specific areas such as politics and entertainment among others. Boundaries in news reporting have been broken down by the internet, as the consumer and the reporters can now communicate. For example, in some news sites, the services of bloggers are highly evident. They assist the reporters with crucial information, and this is possible due to interaction that is allowed by the internet (Kunke & Gene, 2001). The game and standards of news reporting have been raised significantly. At the end of most news reports, readers have an opportunity to post their comments and this enhances accountability. A lot needs to be done by owners of the media by embracing the internet.

Reverences

Kunke, Thomas, & Gene, Roberts. (2001). “The Age of Corporate Newspapering: Leaving Readers Behind.” American Journalism Review, 32. Krotoski, Aleks. (2011). What effect has the internet had on journalism. The Guardian. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/feb/20/what-effect-internet-on-journalism” http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/feb/20/what-effect-internet-on-journalism

Goessi, Leigh. (2011). How the Internet has affected news reporting. Helium. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.helium.com/items/2207200-how-the-internet-has-affected-news-reporting” http://www.helium.com/items/2207200-how-the-internet-has-affected-news-reporting

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How Has This Course Affected Your Way Of Seeing Teaching?

Even though teachers are appointed to an office, it is vague whether a great deal of what they know is extraordinary: restricted to role incumbent and extraordinary, or marked by personality or degree from normal knowledge, in addition to common sense. The folkways of education explain teaching as customary, learned as well as practiced in a half-conscious manner in which individuals get on with their daily lives. Local mores comprise teaching knowledge held similarly to the folkways and typically founded on them. The private views of teachers are personally persuasive, arising from the atypical experiences, in addition to the characteristics of persons. What distinguishes teaching expertise from the related categories is less what concerns related knowledge than how it is used and held. Although it may develop on the folkways, teaching proficiency surpasses their mastery or expert performance by embracing judgments of suitability and testing of outcomes and less characteristic modes of practice, for instance discussion besides the deliberate management of impasse (Diorio, 2002).

In every activity along with diverse walks of life, people make use of knowledge. Knowledge concerns different things and facilitates diverse kinds of actions. Knowledge also varies in how extensively it is distributed, how it is acquired and held. Knowledge also varies in the manner in which it is considered as warranted. Facts can be acknowledged with sentences, names, propositions, artificial signs, as well as their relationships, representations, ideas, habits, concepts, intuitions, judgments, response to stimuli, in addition to all such classes may be diversely defended. When issues are regarded as a matter of rationality, the issue of warrants possibly will not even occur, and even inconsistencies are considered in stride. Individuals gain knowledge in the course of participation in cultural paradigms; such participation enables individuals to be members of particular groups and permits them to execute social roles. Several cultural paradigms have lesser and exceedingly chosen partakers than others. These disparities have to do with their pervasiveness, the scale to which cultural paradigms are diffused throughout diverse walks of life or activities. They affect, sequentially, the scale to which knowledge is esteemed by as well as divided amongst or dispersed over different groups.

Although individuals reward common sense and judge some scant knowledge ornamental, the arcane has a propensity to be valued increasingly highly than common knowledge (Elbaz, 2003).

Is Teaching Knowledge Special?

Teaching is an all-encompassing act, which is diffused through all walks of life and activities. Individuals in all manner of occupations are trained how to perform their jobs, more often than not by persons who are not qualified as teachers. In day to day life, individuals show one another how to perform different things, explain concepts or procedures, in addition to responding through approving or correcting the apprentice in the circumstances. People turn out to be proficient native speakers with a higher scale of success than the teachers who hold university degrees have in generating readers. Paradoxically, the notion that several people are deficient in communicative proficiency is a relic of universal schooling. Each day, millions of students observe their teachers for approximately six hours every day, throughout the week, for close to twelve years. This observation apprenticeship grants them a close-up, comprehensive analysis of how teachers perform. It then follows that, in most cases, teaching knowledge is not regarded as special, and therefore, people are undecided in relation to its significance. Just as everyday experience, and common sense, teaching knowledge is rated too low, yet appreciated. As far as teaching is concerned, the question begs, who should be considered as the ignorant? In the event that participation in cultural paradigms entitles an individual to role performance, only a few would seem to be excluded from teaching. This would include, probably only the flagrantly immoral and demented. When individual biography, as well as, daily experience presents feasible recipes, special training for teachers do not require being lengthy or arduous. What may not have been acquired in school life can be learned through teaching. Teachers’ informal, professional socialization may offer the key to a great deal of the operating knowledge of teachers. This accounts for its psychologically biased, in both tendency and fact, collective, commonsensical nature (Diorio, 2002).

The Indistinct Status of Teaching Knowledge Matters

Similar to the invention of the wheel, teaching was introduced in ancient times. The teaching folkways are uncomplicated, like the profession, plain and visible to all. Whereas wheels as well as the teaching activities both bear several innate characteristics, for example, abstract geometrical characteristics, cognitive objectives and outcomes. The great majority of people in normal circumstances may get things done without a clear understanding of them. The focus on teaching knowledge is hence no trivial; rather, it is an endeavor to be descriptive, as well as, to circumvent foregone conclusions with reference to teacher advocacy, in addition to, denials or ascriptions of professional status. Even though a fundamental and an obviously motivating factor in contemporary debate in regard to the knowledge teachers employ and hold, these matters are of no consequence when trying to comprehend the lights that teachers exist by. For a mass profession dominated by females, with an unexciting career, comparatively low remuneration in addition to status, low retention and eased entry, those ambiguities may be considered an advantage, for they denote that occupational commitment may not be requisite for attaining teaching knowledge. In reality, these structural characteristics of the career may be correlates of its cognitive foundation in the teaching folkways (Steltenpohl, 2004).

The majorities of theorists regard these ambiguities as vices and invoke their arcane descriptions of teaching knowledge in opposition to the folkways. These theorists invoke expertise where individuals think that rationality suffices. They rely on teachers’ personal beliefs and descriptions as proof of teaching knowledge that is unique. These theorists usually disparage what people learn in relation to teaching through and working living, but do not find much that is positive in formal education either. From time to time, a number of theorists act as though the invention of teaching is yet to be. These theorists may be both right as well as wrong, in that, they are wrong to dismiss or disregard the folkways of teaching, and right in making upsetting inquiries. They are right in believing that teaching is more than commonsensical, wrong in assuming that the personal beliefs of teachers ought to be held for outstanding motives (Elbaz, 2003).

Conclusion

Usual college teaching is improbable to upset the commonsense concepts of what teaching entails, although it extends the observation apprenticeship to approximately 13,000 hours. Specialized courses for teachers have a propensity to confirm these concepts by being of a rational nature themselves, or through not being, or apparently being, too theoretical. In general, formal mechanisms of socializing in teaching are a small number and brief in duration, not exceptionally arduous, and bear weak effects. The teachers on the contrary consider practice teaching as the most significant component of their preparation.

References

Diorio, J. A. (2002). Knowledge, Autonomy & the Teaching Practice. Curriculum Inquiry, 10, pp. 257-282.

Elbaz, F. (2003). Teacher Thinking: Study of Pragmatic Knowledge. New York: Nichols.

Steltenpohl, S. (2004). Orientation to College: A Reader. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

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60s Rebellion and The Summer of Love

The 1960s were characterized by a social event known as the summer of love, which consisted of people taking part in various rebellious activities. These rebellions were both cultural and political, and everyone was set out to define themselves as a unique and separate individual in society (Anderson 3). Accordingly, creative artists were not left out in this phase of rebellious expression, and they each created pieces of work that reflected their rebellious thoughts and attitudes. The summer of love was considered the most important social experiments in history, as it was the period when individuals took up unusual lifestyles, more specifically, communal living, and free love. Specifically, the summer of love was characterized by creative expression, sexual and political freedom among other things.

Individuals at that time believed that the society had become so dictatorial and bossy, that there was no room left for self-expression. Instead of the society and the authorities bringing out the best in its people, it destroyed their sense of worth and individuality. This, in turn, prompted the need for rebellions so that individuals can attain the freedom that they required to live in their societies. Additionally, women rebelled from society’s perception about their sexuality, and they demanded more recognition in society just as their male counterparts. During this time, women fancied sexual expression, and they felt that the society had constantly oppressed them by restricting how they acted in the society. Essentially, the rebellion was a platform for women to make their demands, which they acquired immediately after. With this, the society saw the introduction of new ways of living in the society, as well as, the creation of public awareness on the importance of individuality in a highly communal society. Though the summer of love was credited for encouraging individuality and expression, research studies have shown that it was responsible for a considerable amount of violence experienced in history (Gitlin 18). Because individuals were intent on expressing their individual thoughts and perceptions, they tended to use violence to assert themselves, which in turn led to the destruction of plenty of lives. Relevantly, one such creative artist whose work has been linked with the summer of love is Ken Kessey and American philosophical and political author. More specifically, his novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, depicts some of the events that took place during the summer of love and the 60s rebellion. In this novel, the author provides an analysis of the human mind, as well as, human behavior and principles. With the narrative set at an asylum, the author critically analyses the behavior of human beings in relation to individuality and personal expression. The author uses each of his characters to communicate his message regarding human thought and behavior, thus providing a link between the book and the concepts of the summer of love.

This paper presents a critical analysis of the novel, One flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kessey. The paper explains how this novel is directly connected to the 60s rebellion and the summer of love.

Analysis

As previously mentioned, the novel, One flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, has been linked to the 60s rebellion and the summer of love. This is because the novel conveys the same ideas as were existent in the events that took place during the 60s rebellion and the summer of love. At the outset, the novel is set at an asylum, which after a critical analysis, resembles the society in one way or another. The author’s depiction of the asylum was as an institution of oppression, where all the patients in the institutions experienced cruelty from those in authority (Roach 457). In his novel, Kessey brings out the asylum as an institution of instilling discipline in patients, thus giving the impression that one these people leave the institution, they will be better people (Roach 457). This is clearly illustrated in the novel in the statement, “Yes. This is what I know. The ward is a factory for the Combine. It’s for fixing up mistakes made in the neighborhoods and in the schools and in the churches, the hospital is. When a completed product goes back out into society, all fixed up good as new, better than new sometimes, it brings joy to the Big Nurse’s heart…” (Kessey 40). However, a closer examination of this reveals that, the asylum does more harm than good to its patients, making them far much worse off than they were when joining the institution. Kessey’s novel also examines the theme of sexuality, which represents the events that took place during the summer of love, as well as, their consequences. Women in the novel are in search of sexual freedom and the author uses the male characters to bring out the idea of sexual expression by women. The men in the novel have lost their masculinity to women, which are seen as a consequence of allowing women to express themselves sexually. This can be interpreted as one of consequences of allowing the freedom of sexual expression by women, thus, relating to the consequences of the 1960s rebellion and the summer of love.

In essence, the author utilizes imagery to represent the events that took place during the 1960s rebellion, and the summer of love. The members of staff, as well as, the equipment used in the asylum represent the different scientific and political mechanisms that society exploits to gain control over the people living in that particular society (Roach 458). By doing this, the author allows the readers to understand the link between his message in the novel, and the events that took place during the 1960s rebellion and the summer of love. The communities at the time felt that they were under oppression from the authorities as the authorities dictated what how people would behave and think. For that reason, individuals expressed themselves as a community, as opposed to, their individuality hence the sudden rebellions that took place during this time. Just like in Kessey’s novel, individuals living in the 1960s felt the need to free themselves from this social control, so as to express themselves accordingly in the society. This further illustrates the link between the novel and the rebellions that took place during the summer of love. Another way that Kessey’s novel can be linked with the 60s rebellion and the summer of love, is in the theme of expression of sexuality and the emasculation of men in society. Just like in the rebellions, women in the novel assert their sexuality accordingly, and they use their sexuality to attain their needs and desires (Horst 15).

Work cited

Anderson, T. The Movement and the Sixties: Protest in America from Greensboro to Wounded

Knee. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. Print.

Gitlin, T. The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage. New York: John Willey, 1993. Print.

Horst, L. Bitches, Twitches, and Eunuchs: Sex Role Failure and Caricature in Pratt, J, One Flew

Over the Cuckoo’s Nest: Text and Criticism. New York: Penguin Books, 1996. Print.

Kessey, Ken. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. USA: Viking Press, 1962. Print.

Roach, Jason O. Review: One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. British Medical Journal, 321.7258

(2000): 457-459.

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‘Ghost of the Past’ Analysis

The poem ‘Ghost of the Past’ is about a person struggling with depression. They experienced some time in the past and got better, but the illness has returned to torment the writer again. The writer wonders if they can survive their suffering as they did in the past. The poem employs several poetic devices such as imagery, allusions, personification, metaphors and similes. Imagery is used in lines 3 and 8 of the poem. Line 8 describes how the writer feels like a rudderless ship on a tumultuous sea. A ship needs a rudder to steer it in the right direction. Without it, the ship is simply drifting and with the sea being rough, the ship will ultimately be lost. From the line, readers can picture a rough sea with a ship floating without direction and helps them relate to how the writer feels.

Another poetic device used in the poem is allusion, in lines 6 and 13. Line 6 states that the writer found a messiah. The term messiah in religious terms refers to the Christian belief that Jesus Christ, the messiah, saved sinners from perishing. The writer similarly found a saviour in the past as they struggled with depression. Angles and demons in line 13 are also allusions. The two characters are historically known for their positive and negative influence on people, respectively. Demons lead people to bad decisions, as they urge the writer to give up in their struggle against mental illness. Angels, on the other hand, offer some encouraging words.

Personification, Metaphors and similes are also used in the poem. Line 3 states, “I feel this darkness embrace me with its deadly claws.” In this sentence, darkness has been given human qualities. Darkness has no hands with which to hug a person, but personification gives it this ability. Line 5 is also an example of personification, as the writer explains their pas battle with depression. The ability to fight requires human abilities such as taking or wielding a weapon. Line 8 shows an example of a simile, “I feel like a rudderless ship…” The writer compares himself with a ship using the comparative term, like. Metaphors compare two things, but without the use of a comparative term as shown in line 4, “It is a shroud I cannot shake off.” The writer feels that the darkness surrounds him entirely just as a shroud would. This sentence is also an example of imagery as readers can create a mental image of a person completely covered by darkness.

‘Heartbeat’ Law

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‘Heartbeat’ Law

The news article is about a Texas law that states that abortion is prohibited for any child above six weeks old. This law has been brought into existence recently because of the belief that abortion past six weeks is murder due to the onset of cardiac activity of the baby in the womb. Governor Abbott signed the law, and it has since then been protested against by many women and other individuals who firmly believe that it is their right to procure abortion as they like. There have been s many rallies and demonstrations about the same in many places in America. The law relies on ordinary citizens towards its implementation with an amount of $10000 for every person who reports another having an abortion for a baby more than six weeks old. This has brought in a lot of controversies as some people are really against the law while the pro-lifers are very happy and are encouraging more people to protect life. Therefore the law has support, and others are not happy about it. This comes when the supreme court of the United States is in the process of deciding about abortion laws at the federal level. This means that if it is stated not a law, the states will be left at will to do what they deem best, whether to continue with it or to do away with the law altogether.

The issue of abortion is a very fragile and delicate issue to decide upon. This is because for a lot of time from the time of the Roe v. Wade case of 1973, abortion has been legal, and there have been no problems with that. However, recently there have been many desires, especially from the side of the pro-lifers, that abortion should be made illegal and life is protected. On the other side, there is a feeling that a person should not bring up a child they are not ready for, which brings out a whole conversation. Public opinion and involvement matter a lot in this issue since the laws are made for the citizens. However, whether it is important to make laws that are for the good of the citizens even if the citizens are not comfortable with arises, that is the case in Texas whereby a majority can be seen as unhappy about the law. Still, in the real sense, the law is made for the good of the people and society. Civil rights also come as a result of public opinion and participation. Even though it is a severe matter regarding civil rights, the individuals who are against it are not mandated to do that since they are supposed to follow the new law.

Even though I fully support civil rights and that every person should be given what they need by their government and the social structures, I also believe it is essential that people realize the impact of their actions. Abortion, as in the law in Texas states, is okay when done within the first six weeks. However, when it is done after six weeks after the baby has got a heartbeat, it is not just abortion; it is murder. Therefore I support the ‘heartbeat’ law because it recognizes human life and how important it is to respect life.

Reference

Texas law sparks hundreds of U.S. protests against abortion restrictions. (2021). News.yahoo.com. Retrieved October 3, 2021, from https://news.yahoo.com/abortion-rights-advocates-march-across-101220255.html‌



How does the Internet Influence Society Nowadays

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How does the Internet Influence Society Nowadays

Introduction

The internet entails a global system of computer networks linked together. This computer network utilizes the standard Internet Protocol Suite, for serving all the networks around the world. This computer network has lead to connection between millions of government, private, business, public, and academic networks from a local stature to a global standard. Because of this type of interconnectedness, the internet influences society in various ways. The ways that the internet influences society are through education, entertainment, and communication (Associates, 2001).

This paper explicates the influences of the internet to the current society. In addition, it observes the current trends in relation to the internet.

Discussion

Firstly, the internet influences the society as it provides, and has improved the means of communication. The internet has been very instrumental on cutting down the cost of communication because most people nowadays rely on emails and social networks. The social networks such as “Facebook” influence how people communicate nowadays. Some internet functions, such as, streaming makes it easier for people to communicate using both visual and verbal communication (Greiffenstern, 2010). It can be argued that the world has become a global village because of the internet, considering how easy it is for people in two different continents to communicate.

Secondly, the internet influences the society in the entertainment sector. Currently, the internet serves several entertainment functions because of its large storage capacity. For instance, people can get any form of entertainment from the internet just by searching on sites such as “YouTube” and “MySpace”. Many artists have also improvised and come up with their own sites because they understand the internet as a vital promotional tool. This proves the point that with the internet, it is not necessary for people to walk several miles searching for entertainment, since they can enjoy their favorite program or music right at home (Associates, 2001).

Lastly, the internet influences the society through education. Currently, there is a lot of education associated with the internet. Many University and College students use the internet for a quick search of information. This has significantly reduced the cumbersome nature of going to the library, and searching for one book for long hours. The internet has online books, encyclopedias, and dictionaries. For instance, a lot of information can be found using “Wikipedia”. There are also online articles, web pages, and electronic sources found 0n the internet that is very crucial for dissemination of information (Turow, 2008). In addition, the internet has promoted exchange programs between schools using online programs, which is crucial for education. Research asserts that currently it is not compulsory for a person to attend lecturers physically in order to sit for exams. This is because of the long distance learning programs facilitated by the internet (Greiffenstern, 2010).

In conclusion, the internet comprises of millions of computers interconnected using the standard internet protocol. In addition, it utilizes the (TCP/IP) for serving al networks across the world. Internet has provided interconnectedness between private sector, public, government networks, and businesses. Because of this, it has transformed the world to become a global village through communication, education, and entertainment. Through communication, the internet has fastened communication in the society. This is because it facilitates a quick relay of information in terms of news. Through education, the internet has several online libraries. In addition, it has online articles, encyclopedias, and dictionaries, which reduce the bulk of searching information. Lastly, the internet provides entertainment to all in society. There are various entertainment functions associated with the internet such music, movies, and magazines.

References

Associates, O. &. (2001). Internet and society. London: Harvard University Press.

Greiffenstern, S. (2010). The Influence of Computers, the Internet and Computer-Mediated

Communication on Everyday English. London: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH Publishers.

Turow, J. (2008). Media Today:An Introduction to Mass Communication. New York: Taylor &

Francis Publishers.

Category 1 (Grammar) – A

Category 2 (Linguistic) – A

Category 3 (Writing style) – A

Category 4 (Professionalism) -A

TCO 1) Suppose your company sold $60,000 in merchandise to a customer for cash. How does this transaction impact the accounting equation? 

Solution:

Accounting Entry:

Cash Dr.$60,000

Sales Cr.$ 60,000

Accounting equation =Assets = Liabilities

In this accounting equation, cash will increase by $ 60,000 and inventory will be decreased by $ 60,000. These entries will impact on assets side.

(TCO 1) Suppose your company paid $18,000 in cash for its rent. How does this transaction impact the accounting equation? 

Solution:

Accounting Entry:

Rent Dr.$18,000

Cash Cr.$ 18000

Accounting equation =Assets = Liabilities

In this accounting equation, cash will decrease by $ 18000 and liabilities also decreased by $ 18000.

(TCO 1) Suppose your company sold $22,000 in merchandise to a customer for cash. How does this transaction impact the accounting equation? 

Solution:

Accounting Entry:

Cash Dr.$22,000

Sales Cr.$ 22,000

Accounting equation =Assets = Liabilities

In this accounting equation, cash will increase by $ 60,000 and inventory will be decreased by $ 60,000. These entries will impact on assets side.

(TCO 2) Suppose your company purchased $50,000 in merchandise from a seller for cash. How does this transaction impact the accounting equation?

Solution:

Accounting Entry:

Purchase Dr.$50,000

Cash Cr.$ 50,000

Accounting equation =Assets = Liabilities

In this accounting equation, cash will decrease by $ 50,000 and inventory will be increased by $ 50,000. These entries will impact on assets side.

(TCO 2) Suppose your company paid $10,000 in cash for its advertising. How does this transaction impact the accounting equation?

Solution:

Accounting Entry:

Advertisement Dr.$10,000

Cash Cr.$ 10000

Accounting equation =Assets = Liabilities

In this accounting equation, cash will decrease by $ 10000 and liabilities also decreased by $ 10000.

(TCO 2) Suppose your company sold $25,000 in merchandise to a customer for credit. How does this transaction impact the accounting equation?

Solution:

Accounting Entry:

Accounts Receivable Dr.$25,000

Sales Cr.$ 25,000

Accounting equation =Assets = Liabilities

In this accounting equation, Accounts Receivable will increase by $ 25,000 and inventory will be decreased by $ 25,000. These entries will impact on assets side.

(TCO 3) Opportunity is one of the components of the fraud triangle. How can a company reduce opportunity as a fraud risk? Give an example of how someone could use opportunity to commit fraud and how the company could reduce this risk. 

Solution:

A Company can reduce fraud through internal control. Example: Cashier can give cash to an employee without proper authorisation in voucher. This fraud can be reduced through internal control. Internal control can be used in following ways:

It should be such that no individual can override the internal control system.

It should provide segregation of responsibility, so that no misstatements can be committed easily.

Specifying Authority to authorised voucher.

Preparation of periodical reports on timely basis.

(TCO 3) Pressure is one of the components of the fraud triangle. What types of pressures do people face that could lead to fraud? Give an example of how pressure could lead to fraud. 

Solution:

Pressure is also leading components of fraud. Performance pressure is a major cause of this. If a company paying wages on piece rate basis, in that case if an employee is not producing up to the standard production, then company will deduct the salary. To avoid this situation, worker will reject material and stop the production.

TCO 3) Rationalization is one of the components of the fraud triangle. What types of rationalization could a person use to justify misconduct? How can a company protect itself from rationalization as a part of fraud? 

Solution:

Rationalization is one the components of fraud. If an worker does any mistake due to negligence or lack of system knowledge, then they start justifying the misconduct. Company can protect through internal control in following ways:

Specifying authority to enter into transactions.

Safeguarding of assets.

Recording of transactions in the account correctly.

Fixing responsibility for work done.

(TCO 4) What is horizontal analysis of financial statements? How does horizontal analysis differ from vertical analysis? 

Solution: Horizontal analysis looks at amounts on the financial statements over the past years. The same analysis will be done for each item on the balance sheet and for each item on the income statement. This allows you to see how each item has changed in relationship to the changes in other items. Horizontal analysis is also referred to as trend analysis.

The main difference between Horizontal and Vertical financial statement is in vertical financial statement every items converted into percentage whereas in Horizontal financial statement, it will compare with previous year.

(TCO 4) What is vertical analysis of financial statements? How does vertical analysis differ from horizontal analysis? 

Solution:

Vertical analysis reports each amount on a  HYPERLINK “http://www.accountingcoach.com/blog/what-is-a-financial-statement” o “What is a financial statement?” financial statement as a percentage of another item. For example, the vertical analysis of the  HYPERLINK “http://www.accountingcoach.com/blog/balance-sheet” o “What is a balance sheet and why is it prepared?” balance sheet means every amount on the balance sheet is restated to be a percentage of total assets and in Vertical analysis of an income statement results in every income statement amount being presented as a percentage of sales.

The main difference between Horizontal and Vertical financial statement is in vertical financial statement every items converted into percentage whereas in Horizontal financial statement, it will compare with previous year.

(TCO 4) How does vertical analysis of financial statements differ from horizontal analysis? Which method do you think is a better analysis tool? 

Solution:

The main difference between Horizontal and Vertical financial statement is in vertical financial statement every items converted into percentage whereas in Horizontal financial statement, it will compare with previous year.

As per my opinion, Horizontal analysis is better than Vertical analysis of financial statements between it provides previous year data for comparison.

TCO 3) Physical control is a key feature in an internal control system. Why is physical control such an important internal control? Example of physical control as an internal control. 

Solution:

Physical control is very important for internal control. There are number of tools which are using for review the Internal Control System:

Complete and exhaustive detail of system. Example: For inventory control evaluation, it contains documents prepared, employees discharging various duties, various stages of stock movements etc.

Complete audit checklist is made and verify by senior professional.

(TCO 3) Prenumbered documents are a key feature in an internal control system. Why are prenumbered documents such an important internal control? Example of prenumbered documents as an internal control. 

Solution:

Prenumbered documents are very important for internal control. Prenumbered stationery is used in places where numbers of transactions are more. Example: Invoices. In every organisation, Prenumbered bill book is maintained for sale of goods to remove transfer of goods without invoices.

(TCO 3) Separation of duties is a key feature in an internal control system. Why is separation of duties such an important internal control? Example of separation of duties as an internal control. 

Solution:

Seperation of duties means one person cannot complete one transaction. This means, establishing procedures in such a way so that single person cannot have complete control over a transaction from starting to end. Example: work of one person to be reviewed by another person.

(TCO 1) Describe the balance sheet. Why is this statement important to the company, creditors, and investors? 

Solution:

A Balance Sheet is a statement which set out the assets and liabilities of a firm or an institution as at a certain date. It is a statement which reports the property owned by the enterprise and the claims of the creditors and owners against these properties.

This statement is useful for the Company, creditors and investors. Its advantages are as follows:

It is a useful device which shows the financial position of a business in a systematic and standard form.

Balance sheet shows solvency position of the Company.

It may serve as the basis for determining purchase consideration of the business.

(TCO 1) Describe the income statement. Why is this statement important to the company, creditors, and investors? 

Solution:

Income statement shows how much profit earned by the Company for a given period of time. Generally, this period starts from 1st January to 31st December.

This statement is useful for the Company, creditors and investors. Its advantages are as follows:

Investors of the business are interested in knowing the income statement, earning capacity and growth prospects of the business.

Creditors are also interested in knowing about the solvency of the business. Creditors are likely to be interested in an enterprise over a shorter period than lenders unless they are dependent on the enterprise as a major lender.

(TCO 1) Describe the statement of cash flows. Why is this statement important to the company, creditors, and investors?

Solution:

A cash flow statement is a statement which discloses the changes in cash position between the two periods.

This statement is useful for the Company, creditors and investors. Its advantages are as follows:

This helps to provide information about the liquidity and solvency information of an enterprise.

It helps in understanding and analysis of what are the sources and application of the cash for a company.

It is also useful in examining the relationship between profitability and net cash flow.

It helps in determining how efficiently the cash is being managed by the management of the business.

Subject

Students Name

Institution of Affiliation

Date

‘Salvation’ by Hughes

In the narrative ‘Salvation,’ Hughes starts crying at the end of the story because he felt guilty for telling a lie. His aunt beloved that he cried because the holy ghost had come to his life and that he had seen Jesus. The narrator says that he had lied in church and he could not bear to tell his aunt of the deception that he had not seen Jesus and that he no longer believed in him since he never came to his aid. Therefore, Hughes felt the guilt and resulted in crying.

Hughes was not ready to be saved and this is evident in the first paragraph “Then just before the revival ended, they held a special meeting for children, “to bring the young lambs to the fold.” My aunt spoke of it for days ahead. That night I was escorted to the front row and placed on the mourners’ bench with all the other young sinners, who had not yet been brought to Jesus.” In this excerpt, Hughes clearly explains that he was forced to surrender his life to Jesus just like it happened to other young kids. He uses a negative language that indicates he wasn’t interested but forced as he says that he was escorted and placed on the mourners’ bench with other young sinners.

Hughes’ aunt described to him that when he was saved, he would see the light that symbolized Jesus and that something was going to happen to him on the inside. Besides, Jesus is going to come into his life and that God will be with him from that moment of being saved. She further continues to say that Hughes could see, hear and feel Jesus in his soul, something to which Hughes took it literally waiting for Jesus to come into his life.

Freedom choice is an important part of a person’s life, and therefore a person should not be forced to make decisions especially for matters that directly affect their lives. In the short story ‘Salvation’ the author is trying to say that an individual cannot be forced into believing or feeling something into which they are not willing to, but they should be allowed to choose for themselves according to what they perceive to be the right reasons. In the story, Hughes is forced by her aunt forces her to get saved but it was against his will. Hughes says that he was escorted into the bench of mourners along with other young sinners and this implies that he was forced into being saved.

Being forced to accept something that is not of your choice does not work as Hughes lied to the church that he had seen Jesus. “I had lied, that I had deceived everybody in the church, and I hadn’t seen Jesus, and now I didn’t believe that there was a Jesus anymore, since he didn’t come to help me” The author is able to achieve his purpose as he uses a story based from his life providing an insight of how forced choices ends. Another thing is that children should not be forced into things merely because adults are involved in it. The decisions by the adults may not always be right, and children should be consulted and provided with the freedom of choosing what they like. Forcing a child to accept certain beliefs is more of coercion and against the rights of children. Besides, it should be known that forcing a person into accepting choices affects their emotions. From the story, Hughes was placed in the same situation, and it is evident that he lost faith in Jesus in that he doesn’t believe in him anymore. The author’s point is to allow people to choose without coercion.

Works Cited

Hughes, Langston. Salvation. Films for the Humanities & Sciences, 2002.