Category: Uncategorized

Student’s Name

Instructor’s Name

Course Tittle

Date

Famine, Affluence, and Morality by Peter Singer

Peter Singer, in his writing, “Famine, Affluence and Morality,” presents an argument that individuals have the capability to change the world around them for the better instead of accepting fate. According to the reading, many developed nations like the United States should be willing and prepared to participate in activities that promote prevention or elimination of calamities, famine, or disasters all over the universe. Peter Singer believes that this can be achieved when the U.S., like many developed countries, realizes a clarion demand for moral duty upon them to do so. From Peter Singer’s reading concerning this social problem, he aims to understand concerning famine, affluence, and morality.

Peter Singer’s strongest principle is: “If it is in our power to prevent something bad from happening, without thereby sacrificing anything of comparable moral importance, we ought, morally, to do it.” All the way through his writing, Singer presents his perception that we have similar ethical responsibilities to those far away as we do those close to us. He claims that deciding not to send lifesaving cash to starving individuals on the other side of the universe is the moral equivalent of neglecting to save drowning kids because we choose not to muddy our shoes. If we can provide assistance, we must, and any excuse given is hypocrisy. His extreme stand on our ethical responsibilities to others is a powerful call to arms and continues to challenge individual’s attitudes towards poverty. Peter Singer uses an analogy of our duty to save a drowning child in order to assert that it is within our capabilities to prevent something bad from occurring, devoid of sacrificing anything of comparable moral significance, we have to do so (Singer, 829). Singer applies his conclusion to our obligations to prevent suffering, from either absolute poverty or famine, concluding that ‘there is some absolute poverty we can prevent without sacrificing anything of comparable moral significance [therefore] we ought to prevent some absolute poverty (Singer, 829).

The writing of Peter Singer presents a stark moral challenge to the traditional concepts of philanthropical giving. In his writing, he commences with a clear assumption to argue the deep conclusion that ‘we have to give money away and it is wrong not to do so’ (Singer, 830). This reading pursues to examine if we ought to accept this assumption by assessing whether objections to the FRA can be ethically justified. He presents two versions of the premise: the strong version, as above, claims we should avert suffering devoid of sacrificing anything of similar ethical importance (Singer, 831), while the weak version claims we should do so, provided that we do not sacrifice ‘something morally significant’ (Singer, 831). The reading approaches this particularly from a humanitarian context where Peter Singer argues that affluent people are morally bound to contribute much more finances to the humanitarian cause than is considered in Western societies. He challenges people to question the common insight that physical distance and the means of using cash reduces our moral duties to help others.

Works Cited

Singer, Peter. “Famine, affluence, and morality.” Doing Ethics. 829- 831.

Hospital Electronic Media Records Implementation

Completeness and Relevance for Learning Assessment

Apparently, the main objective of the integration of technological applications to solve user needs, such as handling institutional records through the application of information systems, is improvement of efficiency, accuracy and precision (Chaudhry, Wang and Wu, 2006). An EMR within the hospital setting touches on the actual integrity of the medical profession in terms of how health procedures dependent on patient data proceed. It is expected that the information system proposed by the proposed EMR model must pass the fundamental criteria of efficiency, accuracy and precision improvement when compared to the manual system. Alternatively, the implementation plan must fit in the expected standard that takes care of smooth technological integration, institutional organizational compatibility, transition management, flexibility, knowledge, and software solution.

Assessing the status of the application of the EMR at Betsy Johnson Regional Hospital for its relevance in terms of learning outcomes, there are several missing items for a standard model. On one hand, the time used to put together the EMR design is just six months which could implicate the rest of the system implementation. On the other hand, internal expertise was entirely applied in the completion which poses questions on the competitiveness of the final product. It could have taken a better direction if an assessment was conducted to reveal cost benefit analysis position interrogating outsourcing alternatives. In this respect, only EMR software is reported to have involved a vendor from outside the hospital, with unclear role and connection o the set team. Internal design issues however may have prompted the use of internal resources and expertise to the advantage of the institution. Relevance and completeness can therefore be assessed on the generation of resources and competence applied amid successes elsewhere in the generation of the best possible product.

Implementation Weaknesses

Apparently, the most talked about constraint in any information system such as EMR involves financial inadequacy by the implementing institution. Once the funding obstacle is overcome at some level however, the most potent challenge is usually the integration into the existing system as well as the acceptability with which the human resource adopts the new system (Blumenthal and Glaser, 2007). At Betsy Johnson Regional Hospital, the system challenge of implementation and possible resistance of the sudden change is not highlighted. Whereas approval or rejection may not necessarily be a measure of openly aired views as sought by the institution during discussion forums, evidence of a deeper approach to facilitate actual delivery of expected response is not availed. Alternatively, a systematic rolling out of the implementation is usually required in such systems which are apparently not present in the detail of actual implementation.

Generally, phases of implementation assist the management to cater for system failures during the transition and such cautionary element is lacking in the approach taken at Betsy Johnson Regional Hospital. The access of the information on the established EMR potentially seemed risky in terms of unauthorized access where it was alleged that unauthorized access could compromise the privacy of the patients on the database. However, the improvement of the site can be approached from the security of the system, which would dispel any fears of intrusion. The safety of the system is paramount to the performance of the entire EMR adopted and available technologies deal with the issue of intrusion pretty well. It therefore follows that if the final product which the team came up with was not able to cater for the security of private information, it needed an overhaul that would raise the confidence levels.

Inhibition of Assessment

In terms of assessment of the product after the implementation phase was kicked off, there are specific and inherent challenges that Betsy Johnson Regional Hospital must have anticipated. The initial challenge expected in the assessment of the EMR progress touches on the determination of the success of integration during the transition period from the old to the new system that embraces information system. During the interim period, success may not be guaranteed and system failures are generally supposed to be expected. Whereas failure should not be a positive aspect in any project, the anticipation and the responses launched thereon may determine the success of assessment for the entire implementation of the new system (Cusack, McGowan and Poon, 2008). The authors recommend formative assessment which may not necessarily reflect positive results in the interim, rather the process effectiveness.

Inhibition of such a smooth transition in the implementation is largely expected to be in form of the attitude and preparedness that all employees cultivate in case of failures. It is usually advisable to facilitate a program that takes care of such failure such as gradual introduction of the system through phased implementation. Contingency allowance in such a system is equally important in the implementation just as it is in the incorporation of all needs of the EMR. Apparently, the management of the implementation aspect is supposed to be cautiously handled as it can result in a crisis where the old and the new systems are not working at all and the institution is caught up in the mess. It may be important to expect that old system rejection of change particularly with the employees may hinder a smooth implementation. Alternatively, assessment of the implementation may face similar resistance from the old system resulting to false results. To cater for such resistance inhibiting a smooth implementation, staffing reorganization might be implemented (Miller, 2009).

Adapting the EMR (additions, subtractions, emphasis)

According to Miller (2009), the new system proposed for EMR implementation is expected to face some laxity of employee embrace attitude, face challenges of organizational structure and routines as well as slow integration into the system. The EMR product for Betsy Johnson Regional Hospital must be approached on the perspective that takes care of the internal needs of the hospital with special treatment to the missing links for a successful implementation. In the optimization element for design and its implementation, it would have been advisable for the Betsy Johnson Regional Hospital EMR technical team to ensure the addition of; outsourcing of experienced personnel in order to reduce risks of failure, a detailed structure of phases of the implementation program, specific staff reorganization plan to handle risks of rejection and possible failure and distinct reviews for the separate implementation phases.

The assumption that the IT team composing the technical team was competent enough would have been abandoned and a review past experiences with design and implementation of EMR systems used to guide in new project staffing needs. In terms of subtractions to be effected in the implementation of the program at the Betsy Johnson Regional Hospital, the entire implementation program would be wiped off and replaced with one responsive to the proposed additions and implementation program. Emphasis would need to be focused on the expertise in the initial design where the best possible experience in such programs will be sought. To back up the expertise element, it will equally be important for a thorough analysis of the current internal system and base the design and the implementation program on the findings of the analysis.

Roles of Hospital Officials in EMR Implementation

The implementation program must bring on board the top most leadership of the Betsy Johnson Regional Hospital in order to rally behind the best possible response from all the employees.

i) CEO (Chief Executive Officer)

It is the mandate of the CEO to ensure that the management and the entire institution back the proposal to have a new system based on EMR. Whereas this might be more meaningful in the beginning than at any other point in the implementation, constant assurance of the support of all the management levels may favor a successful implementation than when there is no assurance at all. The CEO must at all time follow up the progress of the EMR processing to show the seriousness with which the institution holds the project. Provision of resources to the program is the responsibility of the CEO with the relevant authority in charge of resource allocation.

ii) CIO (Chief Information Officer)

In terms of technical assistance concerning the internal information needs, the CIO must be an integral player in the determination of the progress of implementation. The role of the CIO in the determination of the team composed to handle issues of the EMR is important since technical matters of the task ahead must pass through the office. Constitution of the relevant team and rallying resources needed in the implementation may require the assistance and input of the CIO as the best official understanding the process. Other roles during routine implementation and reviews for the CIO may include; system configuration, access authorization, usage monitoring and advising the institution on the necessary system changes (Miller. 2009).

iii) Nursing Administrator

Integration of the system into the medical aspects of the institutional service delivery must have word and advice of the nursing administrator. Implications on the health of patients upon the reliance on the system must be handled by the nursing administrator.

References

Blumenthal, D. & Glaser, J. (2007). “Information Technology Comes to Medicine,” N Eng J Med, 356:2527-2534

Chaudhry, B., Wang, J. & Wu, S. (2006). “Systematic Review: Impact of health information technology on Quality, Efficiency and Costs of Medical Care,” Annual International Medical Journal, 144: 742-752

Cusack, C., McGOwan, J. & Poon, E. (2008) “Formative Evaluation: A Critical Component in HER Implementation,” American Medical Informatics Association, 15(3):297-301

Miller, L. (2009). Planning and managing an electronic records management programme: Module 2. London, UK: IRMT

House of wine

Name

Institution

House of wine

Abstract

Fred and Larry are determined to increase on their sales, flexibility, and the stability of their profits in the wine business. They want to maximize on exposure and ensure that they have as many people as possible visit their stores. They are also determined to ensure that they retain their customers and ensure that they come back to their store often. They are determined to ensure that they establish and are able to sustain a positive flow of cash within their first six months of their grand opening. Their medium range goals call for an establishment of a flow of cash from their operation, an all year round support from the local clientele to ensure they sustain the cash flow and the beginning of referrals from one customer to another due to the customers’ satisfaction they aim at.

They project their first, second and third year sales to be: $1000000, $1500000, and $2000000 respectively. They intend to increase their annual sales of between five to ten percent. By the time the business reaches its fifth year, they want to sell it at a profit of more than $1000000 or they might choose to continue growing their business and having fun with it. To do so, they have to come up with a short, medium, and long-range marketing and promotion plan. This is to ensure that they create awareness to their targeted customers and to attract as many of them as possible in their business to ensure that they increase on their sales and profits.

Background information

Fred and Larry Butts are scheduled to celebrate the grand opening of their new wine and specialty store in four months. After a year of choosing the best location for their new venture and completing their business plan and market research, they purchased a property in the lakes region of New York. They built their business structure of 7200 square foot retail showroom with a below ground wine and storage area for their inventory of similar dimensions with the showroom. Their retail room is elegant and eye-catching with wood floors, beautiful windows with bright succo walls with a large collection of various works of arts. The building is situated on a busy road with plenty room for parking and future expansions of the building if need be. Their market research reveals an even division of individuals in the upper middle class with a second seasonal home in the area and an all year round of retired individuals. Another population of white-collar individuals in the banking and insurance sectors and another in blue-collar individuals in the industry sectors are also in the area. The population in the region hits double between memorial and labor days due to the numerous summer cottages and camping grounds in the area. Tourism sector is the main industry in the area followed closely by manufacturing sector. The area has little direct competition with the wine and related products’ markets growing steadily. The only available wine in the area is in local convenience stores and supermarkets thus resulting into the need for them to tap into the wine market. They have to make several important decisions before their grand opening.

Issues/challenges

The main issues facing them are how they will be in a position to tap the wide market that is available in the area. How will they come up with the best marketing and promotion plan to ensure that they tap into the available market to increase on their sales?

Caliber of analysis

The area they are venturing in is faced with very little competition with the only wine available sold in local convenient stores and in supermarkets. Considering that they want to ensure that they attract and retain as many customers as possible, they have to come up with the best marketing and promotion strategies. First, the areas main industry is the tourism sector due to the availability of various camping grounds and cottages. In fact, between memorial and labor days, the population in the area hits over 100000. Thus, such is the period when their business can really thrive. They have to create awareness to such individuals about their availability to prevent them from buying their wine in supermarkets and convenient stores.

Considering that the customers’ preferences is the key to ensuring their satisfaction. It is important for them to get the required feedback from customers to ensure that they get the best wines for them in stock. This is because most individuals enjoy a great taste and quality of wine at affordable prices. Since their main aim is increment of sales, profits and their business stability, a good short term, medium and long-term marketing and promotion plan is important. To do so, they have to conduct have their customers feedback to realize their preferences.

Recommendations

The main aim of Fred and Larry is to ensure that they attract many customers to increase on their sales and overall profits. The first thing they ought to do is conduct a survey to their potential customers to determine their preferences in wine. With such information, they will be in a position to stock the best available wines preferred by their customers at considerable prices. They must keep in mind that cheaper wines sell fast but at a smaller profit while wines that are more expensive sell slowly with a larger profit margin. They must be very considerate to the image of their showroom since an attractive image will attract more customers. They must also consider the services they render to their customers since customer service is a key to enhancing customer satisfaction.

Thus, they should employ caterers with a high experience in customer service. They must also ensure that their designs layout is well established and set to maximize on their sales and increase on their profits. It also ensures that they maximize on the buying experience of their customers, minimize on shoplifting and liability, and maximize on the overall safety of the building. Their outdoor presentations must also be made as attractive as possible since it will be their selling point to passersby. To create awareness of their business, they should market and promote their products adequately. They should consider advertising their business on mass media including television and newspapers to ensure that more people learn about their business (Lamb, Hair, & McDaniel, 2012). They should also conduct door-to-door promotions in the surrounding areas ensuring that they have a small amount of wine that they give to potential customers for them to taste.

By so doing, they are able to make their potential customers have a hint of their taste of wine and make them yearn for more. They should also ensure that they offer a small discount on their wines to ensure that more customers buy from them. To do so, they have to strike a deal with their distributor to ensure that they do not suffer from losses considering that theirs business is still at the formation stages. They should also consider creating an online program where they can promote their products and services and possibly ensure that their target consumers can make online orders. With improved technology, online business can really thrive creating a platform for such consumers to event give their feedback to the house of wine thus enabling them to improve based on the given feedback.

Basis of recommendation

Since the house of wine is aimed at increasing their sales, profits and ensuring the flexibility and stability of their business, it is important for them to establish a convenient marketing and promotion plan to ensure that they achieve their long and short-term goals of the organization. The best pricing strategy is the penetration pricing. The wine house can set a low price on their wine business to increase on their sales and target market. Once they have captured the market share, then they can progress to increase their price. This is considering that they are establishing a new business in the region. If they set their prices higher than those in local convenient stores and supermarkets, their targeted customers might continue purchasing their wines in those stores and reject their offers on selected wine prices. In addition, ensuring that they make have an online setting of their business could enable them attract more customers even from outside their targeted region. They can envision enlarging their borders to diversify their business in other areas in future.

References

Lamb, C. W., Hair, J. F., & McDaniel, C. D. (2012). Essentials of marketing. Mason-Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Hospital Nursing

Question 1

Nurses aids normally take care of the patients by bathing them, feeding them and toilet them. Every day the nursing staff ensures that they get the patients up and take them to the dining room. The nursing staff usually works alone because they have little or no assistance available. Despite the fact that the limit to nursing staff is 16 nurses’ aide, just about 13 perform direct care. The nursing staff, therefore, is often loaded with heavy duties and rarely completes their cores. Nursing entrepreneurs are the true change agents in nursing (Sullivan, 1999). Entrepreneurs have the virtue of persistence in work and they capture enthusiasm, imaginations and creativity necessary to adapt to new ventures. When nursing becomes a business, it means the nurses practice on a freelance basis and are self-employed. Nursing practice can be done in research, clinical or education as a business. For any healthcare business success, it must have quality services; it must be cost efficient and easily accessible.

Question 2

Nurse’s scope of study and practice is based on specific experiences, professionalism, educational qualifications. These subjects determine the level of autonomy practice. Strategies for enhancing are based on the provision of support for accelerating the professionalism in nursing and a clear expectation for the nursing decision.

Clarification of the expectation on the autonomy

When nurses clearly communicate and organize their work then they can enhance autonomy. This means they will have the freedom to decide on the clinical judgment. For a nurse to describe expected behavior, he has to understand the clinical patient and the art and science of nursing. This may involve, support of independent decision-making and expectation of the nursing action. The nurse’s decision involves interdependent and independent actions. Incorporating the expertise in nursing facilitates autonomous practice into the care of patients. For instance, the organization of patients care units to be judged by nurses based on the recommendation of the treatment plan. If nurses were given an opportunity to make their judgment in the clinical rounds, then this would maximize the contribution of their unique understanding of the care of patients. Investing in the nurse input means the care of patients will be improved, more solutions will be explored, communication improved to supplement the plans.

If autonomous practice is recognized, then this can enhance communicated expectations. Suppose you if you acknowledge excellent performance, you will provide a venue for displaying autonomous practice. Role modeling, rewarding and recognizing exemplary performance by nurses encourages the autonomous actions. Nurse leaders and specialists should also be involved in behaviors reflective of autonomy. They can also serve as role models and mentoring excellence in performance. A sample of coaching autonomy may include addressing an unexpected behavior. For example, coachers can compare the expected action and the actual action of nurses and illustrate how to make expected autonomy more explicit. There can always be feed back if nurses do not meet their expectations. In recent studies, it has been confirmed that favorable environment will facilitate excellent autonomy.

Enhance competitive practice.

A competitive nursing expertise will establish a sound clinical judgment. Nursing expertise constitutes skill, knowledge and extensive experience (Jasper, 1994). Autonomy can be foster by creating a learning environment and implementing strategies to enhance competence. If confidence and competence are enhanced, then autonomy will be fostered. In meetings, clinicians can share patient scenarios that can that challenged them. By doing this, they get feedback and advice on how to tackle such complicated patient scenarios. Nurses should be encouraged to participate in continuous examinations to reflect the degree of autonomy that they present in their judgment. Enhancement of autonomy can also be through establishment of an evidence based practice approach.

Strategies that enhance Control over the practice of nursing

Nurses, being employees, must work within the imposed regulations and rules of hospitals. This has profound effect in the work they practice. If nurses sincerely wanted to exercise their practice, they must posses the power to make decisions based on their profession.

Decision-making requires practice

Authorities in power have often dictated Participationory and empowerment management ( HYPERLINK “http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol152010/No1Jan2010/Enhancing-Autonomy-and-Control-and-Practice.html” l “Wolf” Wolf, Triolo, & Ponte, 2008). Representatives in an organization are known and all nurses are expected to put some input. Staff nurses are responsible and accountable for solutions and issues discussed in the structure.

The accountability and responsibility of nurses for nurses cannot be stressed adequately. CONP structure is one in which the responsibility for nursing care of patients is placed with staff nurses. This is where many shared governments get awry. In such situations, although a hospital structure is established and nurses are permitted to provide input into key decisions, the ultimate authority for the decision-making continues to reside with managers and administrators.

Question 3

Growth of Knowledge

The growth of knowledge in nursing is centered in creation of a culture and systems whereby nurses collaborate with other healthcare professionals, increasing nursing education and supporting nurses in practicing to the extent of their training and education. In a report, Steven Wartman, the chief executive officer of the Association of Academic Health Centre, said that the future of nursing recommendations is “not surprising”. In that boardroom, Wartman’s speech brought a wider perspective to the discussion. For example, it is advisable to increase the percentage of baccalaureate degree to 80 percent in the next 10 years. In the United States, only 50 percent of nurses meet this target. Wartman suggests that while it is important to increase nurses’ education, it has always been considered as a fractured career. The fracture is known to take place between baccalaureate and the two-year programs.

One of the issues in the report is the consensus model about certification and education requirements. “The nursing organizations have signed to it” Haller, the vice president of Patient care and Nursing services. The report also suggested doubling the number of nurses with doctorate degree by in the next 10 years.

Fulfilling individual Potential

If the nurses can fully utilize their knowledge in the profession, then increased education would be useful. However, nurses usually confront the institutional policies and government regulations that prevent them from performing to the best of the ability.

The laws that are for or against practice of advanced nursing to examine patients independently, prescribe drugs, and interpret lab tests vary from state to state. How then can we move to a national framework?

In the near future, the need for implementation of consistent practice of advanced nursing laws will be higher. Hill mentioned that they would need qualified professionals to lead in that sector.

Not everyone is with the agreement that advanced practice nurses should take the role of primary care providers. The Dean of the School of medicine, Edward Miller, said that if the reports recommendation were taken to the ultimate level, the nurses would practice independently.

Working with Our ColleaguesThese are changes that penetrate across various disciplines and affect the entire healthcare team. They need an enormous amount of collaboration, communication, and respect. Wartman pointed out challenge. “Healthcare professions should practice within guided the framework, and this mentality prohibits the kind of changes that we’d like to see take place. Perhaps there are Hopkins’s steps that can be taken within the environment to reduce that.” 

According to Hill, Hopkins is well on the path. “The guild is gone in research. It has become very collegial, very collaborative. I think faculty move that way because they understand that’s going to be the best science,” she said. 

The question involves moving that interdisciplinary environment from the research lab and to the classroom and hospital. What would be the major obstacle? “We have schools for medicine, nursing and public health with three calendars,” Hill said. Planning joint classes, interdisciplinary lectures, and or student organizations while on various schedules “presents a huge problem and that is what challenges us.”Jim Yager, PhD, said, “I think we are comfortable working together between the schools of nursing public and health,” Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at the Bloomberg School of Public Health added “Perhaps we could share

Recommendations

Scope-of-practice obstacles should be removed.

Highly accomplished practice registered nurses ought to capable of practicing to the full degree of their learning and schooling. To attain this objective, the following actions are proposed. The congress must expand the Medicare course to take in coverage of the services of highly accomplished practice registered nurse, which are inside the range of practice under appropriate state decree, just like the way physician services are presently covered. The congress should adjust the Medicare plan to sanction highly accomplished practice registered nurses to carry out admission evaluations, in addition to, official recognition of residence Health Care Services (HCS) patients and for admittance to hospital and trained nursing facilities. There should be expansion of chances for nurses to direct and circulate collaborative development endeavors. Private as well as public funders, health care associations, nursing education courses, and nursing organizations should increase chances for nurses to direct and deal with collaborative endeavors with general practitioners and the extra associates of the health care panel to carry out research and to revamp and develop practice surroundings as well as health systems. These units should as well provide opportunities chances. The Center for Medicare along with Medicaid Innovation ought to sustain the growth and valuation of payment models and care delivery, which utilizes nurses in an extended and leadership capability to develop health results and decrease costs. Performance measures are supposed to be expanded and executed speedily where top practices are apparent to mirror the nurses’ contributions as well as guarantee better-quality care.

Execution of Nurse Citizenship Programs

Nursing State boards, certifying entities, the federal administration, as well as health care associations must implement methods to support nurses’ achievement of a transition-to-practice course (nurse citizenship). This is after their completion of a pre licensure or highly accomplished and superior practice degree course in the event they are changing into new medical practice areas. The following deed ought to be taken to execute and support nurse citizenship courses: Nursing State boards, in partnership with certifying bodies, for instance, the Joint Commission ought to support nurses’ attainment of a citizenship program subsequent to their completion of a pre licensure or highly accomplished practice degree course or in the events of changing into new medical practice areas.

Increasing the Nurses’ Percentage having a Baccalaureate Degree

Academic nurse directors across all nursing institutions should work jointly to boost the percentage of nurses having a baccalaureate degree. This figure should be improved from 50 to above 80 percent by the year 2020. These directors should collaborate with education certifying bodies, private along with public funders, as well as employers to guarantee funding, check growth, and amplify the diversity of scholars to produce a personnel set to meet the stipulations of various populations across the existence of people.

Doubling the Figure of Nurses Who Have Attained a Doctorate by the Year 2020

Nursing Schools, with the support of private along with civic funders, educational officers with university trustees, and certifying bodies, are supposed to double the nurses having a doctorate degree by the year 2020. This is for the intention of adding to the nurse staff cadre and investigators, with concentration to heightening diversity.

Ensuring that Nurses Participate in Lifelong Learning

Certifying institutions, nursing institutions, health care associations, and long-lasting proficiency educators from manifold health professions are supposed to work together to guarantee that nurses as well as nursing scholars and faculty carry on their edification and participate in lifelong learning for the reason of gaining the knowledge required to give care for varied peoples across the existence of people.

Exemplar of a Nursing Leader

This paper reviews Jamie Ellis who is a RN Category I Personnel Nurse in 8 South.

Have you ever found yourself wishing there were just a few more hours left in the day? Maybe to exercise, read a book or even just unwind from an emotional day at

work? It seems there is barely enough time to do what you have to do,

never mind what you want to do. This may sound familiar if you are a

nurse. Assessments, vital signs, emesis and tears seem to take up the

majority of a nurse’s day. In the eyes of a nurse practicing in pediatric

cardiology, the reality is that life is not always fair. Every day children

are born with various congenital anomalies who deserve a chance at

life. In collaboration with a team of experts, nurses absolutely make

differences in the lives of children and families less fortunate. From

atrial or ventricular septal defects to transposition or hypoplastic left

heart syndrome, nurses have a responsibility to advocate for quality of

life. We educate, facilitate and promote healthy living. No other

profession requires such trust and unselfishness. Every nurse carries

a story or memory of a child that emotionally, spiritually and

professionally has affected their own life.

References

Helton, J., Langabeer, J., DelliFraine, J., & Chiehwen, H. (2012). do EHR investments lead to

lower staffing levels?. Hfm (Healthcare Financial Management), 66(2), 54-60. Retrieved

June 9, 2012

Massachusetts Nurse Advocate. (2007, October). A Special Message For ED Nurses Why

H.2059, The Patient Safety Act, Will Improve both Patient Care and your Working Conditions. Massachusetts Nurse Advocate, pp. 6-7. Retrieved June 9, 2012

Fricano, J. E. (2011). Skilled Healthcare: The Impact of Statutory Nursing Staffing Standards.

(Cover story). Health Law Litigation, 9(1), 1-19.

Name

Professor’s Name

History

30 May 2012

How 9/11 Changed Homeland Security

This refers to the date of a major terror attack on the United States of America, which caused total damage to the World Trade Center’s towers, other critical buildings, as well as a portion of the Pentagon building. The attack was closely linked with one of the terror groups led by the late Osama Bin Laden. The attack occurred on the eleventh day of September in the year 2001 (Cornwell). The essay aims to examine the incident, and strongly suggests that certainly, the attack resulted in significant changes to the Homeland Security approach in the country.

The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is an agency in the U.S. It is supported by the Federal government, the private sector, as well as citizens, and duly established with the core goal of eliminating terrorism, minimizing the country’s vulnerability to the vice. In addition it also attempts to lower damages as a result of terrorism, and possibly assist the Americans recover from any attacks which may certainly happen in the country. In line with this, the agency controls threats that may affect America’s stability as well as cushion the citizens from the effects of such attacks (Bellavita).

The 9/11 attacks changed many aspects of the American’s lives. In fact, while some changes were temporary others have remained permanent. The Homeland security was indeed changed in a number of ways. As above highlighted, the main function of the agency was to prevent Americans from attacks by terrorists. The agency merged with other government agencies responsible for the maintenance of America’s security. After the attacks, the DHS was established by President George W. Bush in the year 2002. In the same year, other agencies and more specifically, twenty two agencies were merged into one department. However, a number of agencies that had similar mandates to those of the DHS were not combined. These included; the FBI, the Central Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency. The establishment of the DHS portrayed one of the largest reshaping of the executive arm of the Federal government. Several appointments were made including that of Ridge who was the head of Homeland Security in 2001 but two years later, was appointed the first secretary of DHS. All the merged agencies were later transferred to the Homeland’s new department in the month of March 2003. Up to date, DHS is one of the chief executive departments in the Federal government (Chertoff).

Furthermore, homeland security has really been transformed since the attacks eleven years ago. Before the attacks, the security agencies kept most of its top secrets within the agency. However, this is no more and to date, the DHS shares information among the several Federal agencies. It is strongly believed that if this was implemented earlier on before the incident, then the 9/11 attack could have been stopped.

In addition, the DHS has amplified its security surveillance at the country’s entry points including the airports. In line with this, immigration is currently being closely manned using the latest technology. Homeland security continues to change over the years in an effort to protect the domestic population in the U.S (Abraham).

In conclusion, it would be just to suggest that certainly, the Department of Homeland Security has undergone a transformation over the years since the attacks eleven years ago. Such changes have helped the agency to beef up security levels in the U.S thus eradicating direct terror attacks and thereby protecting the citizens against the effects of terrorism.

Works Cited

Abraham, Amani. 10 Years after 9/11, Homeland Security makes changes. 08 September 2011. Web. 23 05 2012.

Bellavita, Christopher. “Changing Homeland Security:What is Homeland Security.” Homeland Security Affairs (2008): 1-2. Print.

Chertoff. “Assessing the First Five Years.” Homeland Security (2009): 1-6. Print.

Cornwell, Derekh. “The 9/11 Terrorist Attack and Overseas Travel to the United States: Initial impacts and Longrun Recovery.” Working Paper (2010): 1-5. Print.

Author

Institution

Date

Homosexuality has been a highly controversial subject since time immemorial. In essence, quite a lot of data and information has been written pertaining to the subject with each and every person expressing his or her opinion. In this case, there has been a wide variation of the opinions expressed by different individuals. One opinion that captured my attention was in the New York Times newspaper on January 28 2012 by Frank Bruni.

In the article titled, “Genetics or Not, Gay Won’t Go Away”, Frank acknowledges that, for decades, homosexuality has been widely ostracized, undergone moments of patchwork acceptance before experiencing a heady triumph in the recent times. He acknowledges that homosexuals have invoked homosexuality as a way of explaining why discrimination is senseless and homophobia unwarranted. The main theme in his article is that homosexuality is wound in an individual’s genetic make up rather than a matter of choice. Frank goes on to quote scholars like Clinton Anderson, who says that the dynamics via which an individual becomes gay are not yet known. He builds a thesis that substantial evidence indicates that there are connections between hormones, sexual identity, brains and genes. In addition, he borrows from the study which shows that 52% of identical twins are gay compared to only 22% of fraternal twins or 11% of adoptive brothers who turned out to be gay. This, he posits, shows that heredity and not the environment, called the shots as far as determining an individual’s sexual orientation.

In addition, more research has identified common chromosomal and anatomical traits among homosexuals in which case, homosexuality is a result of a set of genes. In this case, he likens sexual orientation with skin color and therefore, an unchallengeable biological matter.

While he may be having quite valid arguments and invoking the opinions of scholars on the issue, I find his opinions quite warped. Homosexuality is not a genetic issue but rather a matter of choice, which is mostly influenced by the environment in which one lives. In making up his thesis, Frank mainly focuses on the high number of identical twin brothers who have turned out to be homosexuals as compared to the fewer number of fraternal twins and adopted brothers who have gay sexual tendencies. While he may take this as an indication that genes play a pivotal role in determining an individual’s sexual orientation, it is ironical that adopted brothers would have gay tendencies having in mind that their genetic make-up is not similar. Is it not more logical to explain this percentage as having been influenced by their socialization (Paul, 1986)?

Socialization refers to the process by which animals (or more aptly human beings) learn how to recognize other species, which it cohabits with. In learning the interaction process, the human beings would learn communication techniques and how to communicate but also how to recognize as well as respond to other people’s intentions (Kenneth, 1988). This is exactly the same thing that happens as far as homosexuality is concerned (Jeffrey et al., 2001). As research has shown, the number of people who ascribe to homosexuality has risen in the recent times. Is this truly an indication as to changing genetics or hereditary composition (Paul, 1986)? That is definitely not the case. Many people have come up in support of homosexuality thereby triggering curiosity amongst the young people, who have gone ahead and become inducted into homosexuality. This is definitely not a case where homosexuality genes were present but suppressed. It is a case of straight individuals socialized into a particular habit thanks to their curiosity.

In essence, many people will acknowledge that technological advancement has contributed immensely to the rise in homosexuality. While internet has marked a giant technological leap, it has also created avenues where homosexuality can be nurtured. Pornographic sites have cropped up stirring and shaping these feelings, with many young people experimenting on them and eventually getting hooked into homosexuality. If it was actually a matter of biology, does it not beat logic why and how people were more capable of suppressing such a thing in the past (Paul, 1986)? This is a clear indication that most people who have come up as homosexuals or gay have had these feelings shaped or awaken by their socialization and especially by the influence of the media and other contemporary forms of socialization (Erik, 2004).

Homosexuality has also been explained as emanating from sexual abuse in the childhood of an individual (Jeffrey et al., 2001). Research has shown that young boys who were sexually abused by adult males may grow to doubt their own sexuality and conclude that they were actually homosexual. In essence, such confusion about one’s sexuality in male children who underwent sexual abuse in their childhood would lead to homosexuality (Jeffrey et al., 2001).

In addition, homosexuality has been shown to be more likely to occur in children who had absentee or distant fathers (Erik, 2004). In essence, many kids who did not enjoy the presence of their fathers in their childhood would yearn to be close to their fellow men in order to compensate for the fatherly love that they lacked in their childhood (Kenneth, 1988). Quite a lot of evidence points out that a high percentage of homosexuals or gays had distant, less loving and attentive fathers compared to heterosexuals (Erik, 2004).

Conclusion

Homosexuality as a subject has been quite controversial since time immemorial. There are divergent views as to what is the root of homosexual tendencies. It has been believed that homosexuality is rooted in individuals’ genetic make-up. However, quite a substantial number of people have come up and stated that they are homosexuals by choice and not by chance. In addition, research shows that many homosexuals developed the tendencies from their childhood either due to socialization or as an effort to compensate for the affection of distant fathers (Jeffrey et al, 2001). Alternatively, they could be influenced by abuse in their childhood to believe that they are homosexuals. Either way, the insinuation by Frank Bruni that, homosexuality is a wound in an individual’s genetic make-up is not only warped but also ignorant of the fact that there is no conclusive and comprehensive explanation as to what causes homosexuality.

References

Bruni, F. (2012). Genetic or Not, Gay Won’t Go Away. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/29/opinion/sunday/bruni-gay-wont-go-away-genetic-or-not.html?ref=opinion

Holland, E. (2004). The Nature of Homosexuality: Vindication for Homosexual Activists and the Religious Right. New York: Universe.

Weeks, J., Heaphy, B., & Donovan, C. (2001). Same sex intimacies: families of choice and other life experiments. New York: Routledge.

Rosenfels, P. (1986). Homosexuality: the psychology of the creative process. New York: Ninth Street Center.

Lewes, K. (1988). The Psychoanalytic Theory of Male Homosexuality. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Lewontin, R. C., Rose, S., & Kamin, L. (1984). Not in Our Genes New York: Pantheon

Witt, K. (1992). Quayle Contends Homosexuality Is a Matter of Choice, Not Biology. The New York Times, September 14, 1992, p. A17

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Homosexuality in Films, The Velvet Vampire and American Psycho

The two films are different; however, they convey the same message. They have brought up how homosexuality and lesbianism have taken root in our society today. The main characters in the film portray lesbianism. The characters are ready to do what they can do to ensure that they fulfill their sexual desires. “American Psycho” related homosexuality to madness. Homosexuality was depicted as unattractive and as a fetish for crazy people. On the other hand, “The Velvet Vampire” depicted homosexuality as aesthetically pleasing but morally wrong. The essay brings out acts of homosexuality and how it is perceived by different communities and how it shocked the audience.

The Velvet Vampire was acted in 1970’s at that time Americans had started to have an open mind about sex. That is why some of the people started to venture in having sex with the same sex. This movie clearly portrays this. A new culture came in and became the lives of some of the people in America. Pornographic materials started coming in, that is why Suzy shows off her body even though it is not necessarily. This cleared showed how people had submerged in sexual matters at that period. Many of the actresses have acted nude. This showed how sex was not a sin anymore. In 1960’s, carrying out an abortion or using control pills was seen as abnormal one could even be expelled when found with a control pill at school. However, in 1970’s these things had become so common to many.

Everything in “The Velvet Vampire” movie starts to depict an aspect of homosexuality. The movie emphasizes on dysfunction, sexual anxiety and topless actresses. Lee and Suzy characters in the film are invited by Diane Le Fanu for a weekend at her desert home. Lee and Suzy car breaks down Diane arrives on time and gives them a ride to her house. Their car is taken to a nearby garage.

She decides to take Suzy for a walk in the ghost town. In the middle of the street Suzy is bitten by a snake. Diane takes this opportunity and sucks out the poison. By sucking the poison Diane, raises Suzy’s emotions. Although she is not ready to engage in the action, the action warms her up. Diane notices that Suzy has been moved by the action. When they go in the room Diane, and Juan start to make move Suzy notices which shows a lesbianism action. Diane starts to influence Suzy by her sweet word. She tries to tell Suzy that men envy them, and it is the time that they must take action. She tells her that there is a secret pleasure that they can have before her husband Lee joins them. This showed how sex had encroached people at that time. Suzy and Diane have sex although they are all females.

The conversations in the film focus on homosexuality actions. Ladies are hunger for sex that is why Diane tries to invite Suzy to be on the move. She does this by inviting her in her house and viewing them in the mirror in order to come up with a strategy to influence them. Diane uses a strategy to ensure that he captures Suzy attention. Although at first Suzy does not show concern on sexual matters, Diane makes sure that she captures her attention. In this film, Diane tries to satisfy her sexual hunger by influencing Lee and Suzy. This is clearly portrayed by how she invites both of them in the house and ensures that they do what she is aimed at.

Notably, Diane uses psychological strategies to ensure that he captures the attention of Suzy. She takes her into the bedroom and influences her to be on the move. Although she discharges Juan with extreme prejudice, she uses her as a tool to ensure that she influences Suzy into bed. On the bed, she tries to show her the secret pleasure that they can have as ladies.

In 1970’s we would say that there was great sexual revolution. That is why Lee and Suzy were seduced by Diane and they did not take this as a big matter. That is why there is a lot of sex nudity in this film. The movie tries to bring out that sex is dangerous when performed in sinful manner. This is clearly shown at the end of the movie when each person who committed the sexual sin dies differently. Diane starts to seduce both Suzy and Lee for sex which is not common in the society.

On the other hand, “American Psycho” is a film that also depicts aspects of lesbianism. The main character Patrick has a girlfriend of whom they constantly make wedding plans. However, his lifestyle does not show that he is ready for marriage. He has hunger for sex. He seems to live a good life, but this does not happen at all. He kills people to satisfy his sexual desires. Although he has a girlfriend, he is not satisfied at all. This portrays his hunger for sex. He does not even have moral values. He approaches a homeless man and kills him.

In the film, Patrick invites prostitutes in his house. He makes sure that, these prostitutes carry on the sexual act together. While they are having sex, he records them and comes up with a wild sex video. Before they live, he goes to the drawer and picks some tools. In the film, the two girls come out of the house crying. The producer of the film does not bring out what happened in the inside the house we only see the two girls crying. This portrays the inhuman character that Patrick has. He is concerned about fulfilling his desires and does not care about other people.

The movie was acted in 2000’s in America to show how people reacted towards some of the actions such as lesbianism. The society sees this as insanity because they do not expect a man to act in such a manner. Patrick the main character goes around killing people. He does not live a normal life that is why he is portrayed as being mad. This is because of the activities that he carries out. He does not care about the welfare of the other people but focuses on hurting them for his personal gain. Inviting prostitutes to have sex together is an act of madness

Patrick invites an old friend in Paul’s apartment. Patrick and the prostitute get into bed. The prostitute decides to get out of the bed before she gets hurt. However, Patrick is focused on fulfilling his mission. His old friend starts screaming and blood flows all over the sheets. When she tries to run, she finds corpse and blood all over the place. She finally escapes but Patrick strategies a way to ensure that she dies. She runs in all apartments screaming Patrick drops the chain store killing the girl. Patrick only focuses on killing the girl. He does not want anybody to bring out what he does.

Patrick later tells her girlfriend that, he is a psycho thus he is not ready for marriage. This happens in a restaurant where he causes riots and leaves silently. Hurting her girlfriend as a result of lesbianism is wrong. That is why there are riots in the restaurant when he confesses that he is a psycho. In the 2000’s, some of the actions are regarded as barbaric and being out of control.

There are clear differences between American Psycho and The Velvet Vampire. In American Psycho Patrick who is a 27 years old finds pleasure in killing people for his personal benefit. He even goes ahead and betrays his girlfriend. On the other hand, in The Velvet Vampire the main character in the film Diane does not kill his friends but fulfills his desires wisely. She makes sure that she traps his friends in order to fulfill his sexual desires. She makes sure that she commits herself into the lesbianism act.

Patrick does not involve himself in the act, but he enjoys seeing ladies performing the act. That is why he invites prostitutes in Paul’s house and records them as they perform the act. All his items even in his office show an aspect of lesbianism. He kills people who find him performing the act because he does not want the society to find out that he commits that act. There is a lot of shedding of blood in this film only to satisfy sexual desire. That is why lesbianism is related to madness. The madness comes up because Patrick focuses on killing people because of his desire to fulfill his sexual desires. He even goes ahead and kills his friend Paul. There is a lot of shedding blood on this film.

On the other hand, Diane in “The Velvet Vampire” tries to serve lives. She sucks the poison when Suzy is bitten by a snake. She cares about his friend’s life although she focuses on fulfilling her desires. In the film, there is no act where Diane kills her friends. She gives them priority and cares for them. That is why when her friend’s car broke down she went ahead and helped them although she was focusing on something negative. In “The Velvet Vampire” film, Diane involves herself in the lesbianism act. This is clearly portrayed in the film where he makes Suzy get involved in the act. She even does the act with Juana to make sure that Suzy easily gets involved in the act.

In a nutshell, the two films portray the perception of sexual matters in different centuries. In 1970’s, sex had greatly evolved. Sexual matters started being taken for granted. People did not have respect for sex. That is why there is a lot of nudity in the film. Women start to seduce both men and women in order to fulfill their sexual hunger. However in the Velvet Vampire the main character in the film is a Vampire to show the evil aspect of sex. On the other hand in American Psycho homosexuality is clearly seen as madness. That is not what is expected in the society. Patrick the main character seems to live his own life and does not want to relate with anyone.

Work cited

Williams & Tony, Feminism, fantasy and violence: an interview with Stephanie Rothman {Velvet vampire; Student nurses; Terminal Island}. 2011. Vol. 9 Issue 2, p84-90, 7p

HYPERLINK “http://web.a.ebscohost.com.proxyserver.otis.edu/ehost/detail?sid=082d7159-eeb1-4087-81b4-d98aea397f0b%40sessionmgr4004&vid=1&hid=4112&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d” l “db=asu&AN=513785562” http://web.a.ebscohost.com.proxyserver.otis.edu/ehost/detail?sid=082d7159-eeb1-4087-81b4-d98aea397f0b%40sessionmgr4004&vid=1&hid=4112&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=asu&AN=513785562

Porton & Richard. American Psycho. 2000, Vol. 25 Issue 3, p43-45, 3p

HYPERLINK “http://web.a.ebscohost.com.proxyserver.otis.edu/ehost/detail?sid=7067bd94-4269-4f49-a7a7-172dcd90d186%40sessionmgr4005&vid=1&hid=4112&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d” l “db=asu&AN=505852060” http://web.a.ebscohost.com.proxyserver.otis.edu/ehost/detail?sid=7067bd94-4269-4f49-a7a7-172dcd90d186%40sessionmgr4005&vid=1&hid=4112&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=asu&AN=505852060

Rogers & Martin. Video Nasties and the Monstrous Bodies of American Psycho. July 2011, Vol. 39 Issue 3, p231-244, 14p

HYPERLINK “http://web.a.ebscohost.com.proxyserver.otis.edu/ehost/detail?sid=c3eb3968-1fdd-4314-a34d-0adc979e5e2f%40sessionmgr4005&vid=1&hid=4112&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d” l “db=ofs&AN=510083869” http://web.a.ebscohost.com.proxyserver.otis.edu/ehost/detail?sid=c3eb3968-1fdd-4314-a34d-0adc979e5e2f%40sessionmgr4005&vid=1&hid=4112&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=ofs&AN=510083869

Chaudhuri & Shohini. Visit of the Body Snatchers: Alien Invasion Themes in Vampire Narratives. 1997, Vol. 14 Issue 40/41, p181, 20p

HYPERLINK “http://web.a.ebscohost.com.proxyserver.otis.edu/ehost/detail?sid=f9c899ce-786b-4a64-be43-e79493abcb2e%40sessionmgr4001&vid=1&hid=4112&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d” l “db=asu&AN=10158122” http://web.a.ebscohost.com.proxyserver.otis.edu/ehost/detail?sid=f9c899ce-786b-4a64-be43-e79493abcb2e%40sessionmgr4001&vid=1&hid=4112&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=asu&AN=10158122

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Honesty

Honesty is a virtue adored all over the world. The term honesty refers to the quality of being upright, sincere frank, and truthful. An honest person is courageous and fearless. Additionally, he or she does not bow his or her head before others. Living an honest life means that a person exposes one true self to others (Pryor 14). Therefore, the aim of this paper is to describe how people commonly understand the word honesty. This paper will also describe the problems hidden inside the word and also show what the term misses explaining. Honesty as people understand it is important since it acts as the stick holding people together. Notably, honesty helps people to conquer most of their problems.

Honesty as people understand it is the foundation upon which people build their relationships in. the relationship may be with their friends, their family, or their society at large. When a person is honest with his or her friends, family or loved ones, there is the creation of a feeling of trustworthy (Thoennes 17). However, a man is basically born with the qualities of honesty, but these qualities will present themselves based on how h or she was brought up. Basically, if the parents are honest, even though it cannot be said that their children will be honest, a higher percentage of people turn out to be like their parents.

Conversely, there are problems hidden behind the term honesty. There are some situations in which by being honest, one may inflict lots of stress and pain to other people. A good example is the situation where a doctor may decide not to his or her patient directly that he or she is suffering from a fatal disease such as cancer. Even though it is the obligation of the doctor to tell the patient the truth, the doctor has to keep quite so as to avoid causing lots of pain to the patient. This shows that it is not all-inclusive that a person be honest all the time. This however, contradicts what the term and how people perceive the meaning of the term honesty. This builds an assumption that there are sometimes people need to justify what is the best resolution since not telling the truth in some cases is the best way a person can protect other people from getting hurt.

The term honesty overlooks many issues. As said in the above paragraph, there are some situations whereby people have to be dishonest in order to protect other people. However, according to the definition of honesty, this is wrong. According to how people understand the term, everyone should tell the truth no matter the consequences of the truth. Therefore, as per my views, the term morality should be used in the place of honesty. The reason for this is that the term morality does describe honesty but in a way different level. Morality refers to the differentiation between what is wrong and what is right. In the case of the doctor, this would apply since the doctor has to choose what is right and what is wrong as per the health and wellbeing of the patient. The doctor can choose not to tell the patient that he or she has few days to live due to the cancer. This would be right as per morality since it protects the patient but is wrong when it comes to the term honesty.

Work cited

Pryor, Kimberley J. Honesty. Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2009. Print.

Thoennes, Keller K. Honesty. Mankato, Minn: Capstone Press, 2005. Print.

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Hong Kong Cinema 1940s-1980s

The Hong Kong cinema industry has been characterized by exaggerated action-packed drama that involves swordplay and gunplay. The aspect of ghosts and dead ancestors combined with the action is what differentiates the Hong Kong cinema from the others in the world of entertainment. The film industry has been in existence for almost a century now. During the years of civil war, the film industry became very prosperous making Hong Kong the home of free markets in the region. After the Second World War, Hong Kong grew tremendously becoming one of the leading cities in the world.

In the mid 1960s, martial arts become a common genre in almost all films produced in Hong Kong. This was something that was part of the Chinese culture and that is why these films became broadly accepted especially in Hong Kong and other countries that appreciated the Chinese culture. This made Hong Kong one of the leading exporters of films in the world. These films were gaining world wide acknowledgment and were in great demand. In the United States, martial arts were discovered in the 1970s by most audiences through Bruce Lee who was one of the greatest actors of these films at that time. The interest showed by Americans was a major boost for these films. Film makers and distributors took advantage of this and started importing many films into the United States. The making of these films was easy because they were cost-effective and this was another factor that contributed to the thriving martial arts in its incorporation in the film industry.

The most significant thing about these films is that they are cost-effective and they exploit one aspect about the human experience. An example of the well-known directors in Hollywood producing Chinese films is John Woo who concentrates on the aspect of honor and bond loyalty between men which deeply affect the lives of humans. The most important thing brought out by these films is their desire for exploitation. Most people who are audiences of these films believe that they are the most fascinating as compared the others.

In the 1980s, the Hong Kong film industry started moving towards modernization. Many directors wanted to incorporate the martial arts genre in their films and so some of the well-known directors migrated to the United States to make these films. So as to fit with the modernized world, the use of emotions and women were incorporated into these films to show appreciation for marriage and family. Women were becoming more independent and they could no longer be neglected in the making of these films. The age where women were only seen as housewives was coming to an end, but this is not to say that they totally replaced the men in the film industry.

It is not possible to focus on different angles when referring to Hong Kong films. It incorporates many things including fine arts, martial arts love and honor. The Hong Kong film industry was mainly based on the Chinese culture when it started off. However with the modernization of the films, the film has taken a different turn addressing issues not only affecting the Chinese but also other parts of the world so as to relate to all its audiences. However, the films up to date are striving to maintain those elements that distinguish them from other films.

Honor Killing

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Honor killing is the murder of an individual from a family by different individuals, because of the culprits’ conviction that the victimized person has brought disgrace or shame upon the family or has disregarded the standards of a group or a religion, as a rule for reasons, for example, declining to enter an orchestrated marriage, being seeing someone is opposed by their family, engaging in sexual relations outside marriage, turning into the casualty of assault, dressing in ways that are considered unseemly, or taking part in gay person relations.

The social highlights which prompt honor killings are complex. Honor killings include savagery and trepidation as a device of looking after control. Honor killings are contended to have their cause among traveling people, groups, and herders: such populaces carry their assets with them and with a danger of having them stolen and do not have the legitimate response to the law. Thus, motivating trepidation, utilizing hostility, and developing notoriety for rough vengeance keeping in mind the end goal of the secure property that get linked to different practices. In social orders where there is a feeble principle of law, individuals must form savage notorieties.

In numerous cultures where honor is of focal quality, men are sources or dynamic generators/operators of that respect while the main impact that ladies can have on honor is to obliterate it. When the honor is devastated by the lady, there is a requirement for quick retribution to restore it, all together for the family to abstain from losing face in the group.

Honor killings are frequently an aftereffect of firmly patriarchal perspectives on ladies and the position of females in the public eye. In these conventional males ruled social orders whereas women are subordinate first with their father and afterward on their spouse, whom they are relied upon to comply. Women are seen as property and not as people with their own particular office. All things considered, they must submit to male power figures in the family – inability to do as such can bring about amazing viciousness as the discipline. Roughness gets seen as a method for guaranteeing agreeability and counteracting rebellion. According to Shahid Khan, ladies are viewed as the property of the guys in their family independent of their class, ethnic, or religious gathering. The proprietor of the property has the privilege to choose its destiny. The idea of proprietorship has transformed ladies into a product which can get “traded, purchased and sold”. In such societies, ladies are not permitted to take control of their bodies and sexuality: these are the property of the guys of the family, the father (and other male relatives) who must guarantee virginity until marriage; and afterward the spouse to whom his wife’s sexuality is subordinated – a lady should not undermine the possession privileges of her gatekeeper by captivating in premarital sex or infidelity.

The idea of family respect is exceedingly critical in numerous groups. The family is seen as the principle wellspring of honor, and the group exceedingly values the relationship in the middle of honor and the crew. Actions by relatives that may be viewed as wrong and seen as conveying disgrace to the family according to the group regularly incorporate female practices that are identified with sex outside marriage or method for dressing, however, might likewise include male homosexuality (like the emo killings in Iraq). The family loses control in the group, and may be disregarded by relatives. The main way the disgrace can be deleted is through a killing. The way of life in which respect killings occur are typically viewed as “high-connection”, where the family is more vital than the individual, and individualistic self-governance is seen as a risk to the aggregate family and its respect

Honor killings or a superior portrayal are a marvel generally bound to the Muslim world yet not a solitary Islamic nation is free of the custom. Honor killings have their root in an obscene and antiquated Arabic statement, “A man’s honor lies between the legs of a lady.” Muslim ladies who having sex before getting into marriage, including assault, or to have raised suspicions with respect to their behavior, i.e.- be just associated with having had unlawful association with a man out of marriage are regularly murdered to recapture the family “respect”. Anyhow, infidelity, or loss of virginity or its suspected misfortune, is not by any means the only defense, in the psyches of Muslims, for merciless homicide. Wedding without the consent of the family, rebellion, leaving home without authorization, or even an evidently search has given thought processes to murder. Furthermore, in a couple of cases, ladies watched smoking cigarettes has led to their deaths.

Be that as it may, for whatever of the above reasons that the male individuals from a Muslim family feel that a female part has disrespected the family, the execution is by and large completed by a nearby male relative of the awful lady; by a father, sibling, or uncle. These homicides mirror a mentality immense to more humanized social orders, however, are consistently rehearsed in Muslim nations and starting to show up in different countries with Muslim populaces, including the United States and Canada. Factual proof is hard to get, not from any Islamic nations to shroud the certainties just that “honor killings” are such an acknowledged custom of Muslim social orders, which numerous authorities of the diverse countries would be shocked at any enthusiasm for the matter.

Muslim courts are particularly indulgent concerning honor murders. Jordan, one of the more edified nations of Islam, if this term can be utilized concerning any Muslim nation, has even arranged honor murders. Until as of late revoked, Article 340 of the Jordanian Penal Code was sure about the matter, “He who finds his wife or one of his female relatives submitting infidelity and executes, wounds or harms one or the two, is excluded from any punishment.” And, Jordan is one of the more “edified” Muslim nations. On the books are different articles that protect that a Jordanian man will be excluded from arraignment or if nothing else be treated with mercy if leading an honor murder. It generally would comprise of a couple of months in jail.

According to Soltani (2013), even the conduction of a hymeneal examination is basically a passing warrant for a lady. That is, even suspecting an unmarried woman is not a virgin, as prove by an examination requested by a male individual from her family, will prompt her murder. It is further expressed that the post- mortem examinations on a few casualties of honor killings revealed that they had an in place hymen. It implies that the suspicion of people is not enough to warrant honor killing. It can be concluded that beside unwanted culture practices, the proof of the act is not clear unless there is clear evidence.

Muhammad (2014) illustrates the two sisters, 27 and 20 years old were hacked to death by their own particular siblings. Their law violations, according to their family: the more seasoned sister had left home to wed a man without her family’s consent, and two or after three years, the more youthful sister had fled to go along with her. Some “well-wisher” of the family uncovered the sisters’ location. The other siblings entered the home with tomahawks and hacked the ladies to death

But the family “respect” had been saved. It is very ironical to me. I totally refute with the strongest terms. The culture or religious norms are meant to protect and not to harm. It is true that customs guides the way member of the society exist with each other. However when it is going to the extent of killing and calling it honor killing-is not honoring the human life. It is against the rights of a person to live. In the modern times, things have changed and modernization as well as globalization has taken the center stage. People must not get rooted in destructive ways of living (Al Jazeera, 2014). In Egypt,there were 775 instances of reported murder in 1988, 49 of the killings, or 16% of them, were to “wipe out disgrace”, a term used to portray, “honor” killings. Notwithstanding the homicides which, in any event according to Muslim families, are defended, numerous fake honor killings happen. These are examples where a man kills another man and cases that the man had relations with one of his female relatives. In this way, he keeps his own particular head, however to the detriment of the unjustifiably charged lady, who has been yielded in the holy place of “family respect”. Sometimes, a relative of a Muslim woman is diminished with the obligation of securing the family respect and the appropriate nation expects this commitment. In some Muslim countries, two exemptions are that there is no charge for affirmation and the snacks sold by merchants are distinctive; however the environment is much the same. The wild cheering of the group is then not for a splendid but for the clean beheading of a human head. The two different occurrences delineate the Muslim mentality (Panniyankara, 2014).

Each time the expression “honor killing” is utilized, we see the homicide of ladies through the eyes of their executioners. By including “honor” to executing, we utilize the dialect of the individuals who legitimize this detestable wrongdoing on the premise of “noteworthy” thought processes. We utilize the dialect of their reasons. We must quit doing this (Appiah, 2014).

Semantic marks matter. The expression “honor murdering” not just cedes an excessive amount of energy to the culprit, yet is hostile to survivors and ladies. Rather, we have to see the wrongdoing through the eyes of those assaulted, in light of the fact that these demonstrations of sexual orientation brutality assault something more than ladies’ bodies, something dubious and valuable: the test by a large number of gutsy young ladies around the globe to harsh patriarchy and stifling social tradition. In this sense, they are an assault on all of us (Dias & Proudman, 2014).

There are different misinterpretations with respect to the act of honor slaughtering. The primary misinterpretation about honor slaughtering is that this is a practice that is constrained to the provincial regions. The reason is that the issues are spread over such a vast geological region, to the point that we can’t detach honor killings to country regions just, however one needs to concede that larger part of the killings occur in the provincial ranges. Be that as it may, it has additionally been seen as of late that even the metropolitan urban areas are not sheltered from this wrongdoing on the grounds that 5 honor killings were accounted for from Delhi and in Tamil Nadu; a girl and child in law were executed because of marriage within the same gotra. So it can be seen unmistakably that respect slaughtering is not confined to rustic territories but rather additionally to urban regions and as effectively called attention to, it has a wide land spread. The second misinterpretation in regards to respect killing is that it has religious roots. Regardless of the possibility that a lady submits infidelity, there must be four male witnesses with great conduct and notoriety to approve the charge. Besides just the State can complete legal disciplines, yet never an individual vigilante. Thus, we can obviously see that there is no religious sponsorship or religious roots for this shocking wrongdoing (Panniyankara, 2014).

What is the possible action to keep such a marvel from happening? Firstly, the attitude of the individuals needs to change. What’s more, when we say that the mindset needs to change, we intend to say that folks ought to acknowledge their youngsters’ wishes seeing marriage as it is they who need to lead an existence with their life accomplices and on the off chance that they are not fulfilled by their life accomplice then they will lead a shocking wedded life which may even end in suicide. Also, we have to have stricter laws to handle these sorts of killings as this is a wrongdoing which can’t be acquitted on the grounds that. People don’t have the privilege to record capital punishments of pure kindred people.

References

Al Jazeera , (2014). How can we stop honour killings? Retrieved from:

HYPERLINK “http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/06/how-can-stop-honour-killings-201461819244152343.html” http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/06/how-can-stop-honour-killings-201461819244152343.html

Appiah, K. A. (2014).No Honour in Honour Killing: Recovering Shame as a Moral Force.

Retrieved from: HYPERLINK “http://www.abc.net.au/religion/articles/2014/07/01/4036910.htm” http://www.abc.net.au/religion/articles/2014/07/01/4036910.htm

Dias, D & Proudman, C. (2014). Let’s stop talking about ‘honour killing’. There is no honour in

murder. Retrieved from: HYPERLINK “http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jun/23/stop-honour-killing-murder-women-oppresive-patriarchy” http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jun/23/stop-honour-killing-murder-women-oppresive-patriarchy

Muhammad, (2014). Honor Killing. Retrieved from: HYPERLINK “http://www.allaboutmuhammad.com/honor

killings.html” http://www.allaboutmuhammad.com/honor

killings.html

Panniyankara, A. (2014). Honor killing in India. Retrieved from:

HYPERLINK “http://www.civilserviceindia.com/subject/Essay/honor-killing-in-india2.html” http://www.civilserviceindia.com/subject/Essay/honor-killing-in-india2.html

Soltani, K. (2013). Honor Killings: How Islam Can Help Prevent Them. Retrieved from:

HYPERLINK “http://www.fountainmagazine.com/Issue/detail/honor-killings-november-2013” http://www.fountainmagazine.com/Issue/detail/honor-killings-november-2013