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Chemical Waste Management

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Question 1

Oftentimes, top management in organizations face a dilemma in daily operations and management when it comes to profitability. An illustration of this is meeting the profit margins of the investors and on the other side meeting corporate social responsibility as required by other stakeholders such as the communities living around where the organization operates (Shanker, 2019). The top management may be having the option of dumping chemical waste such as chromium VI in water bodies to cut the expenses incurred if the right procedures are to be followed in order to dump such chemical waste properly. On the flip side of the coin, the surrounding community will have expectations that organizations are required to act ethically and manage their waste using the most appropriate means that will conserve the environment for the coming generations (Yoshinaga et al., 2018). I may not be convinced to let my firm to dump chemical waste such as chromium VI in water bodies. This is because the short-term gains by cutting operational costs for the organization will be outweighed by the long-term effects of dumping such chemical wastes in the water supply. In certain situations, the organization may lose its operating licence and be ordered to shut down.

Chromium discharged in bodies of water has the potential to contaminate water and soil. Since chromium is highly attached to soil and is often retained within the silt layer of the environment but not within the groundwater reservoir, water contamination is fairly limited to surface water and will not damage groundwater (Tumolo et al., 2020). When water is contaminated, it does not accumulate in fish, but it does collect on the gills, creating detrimental health impacts in aquatic species. Furthermore, chromium absorption usually leads to escalated rates of mortality in fish owing to chromium contamination. When other animals consume chromium-contaminated water, the health impacts can range from tumour formation, respiratory problems, infertility, reduced capacity for fighting diseases, and birth defects.

For humans, not only is chromium VI carcinogenic but also come with a range of other health associated problems such as ulcers, allergic reactions, liver damage, skin rush, kidney and liver damage, and may sometimes go to extreme extents such as death (Wojcik et al., 2020). Contamination of water by chromium VI not only cause health problems to human and animals but also may result to penalties and fines by the government for improper disposal. There also exist high chances for corporate image to be damaged as a result of increased consciousness among individuals. Increase use of social media may exacerbate the problems that come with damaged corporate image as this may increase the likelihood of public unrest from the communities living within the vicinity of the organization. All these effects combined will do more harm to the organization thereby rendering the short-term goals of cutting operational costs useless.

Question 2

Top management teams are more likely to engage in unethical behaviours in comparison to their individual members. In unpredictable circumstances, most people have questions concerning their own judgment (Hassan, 2019). These fears keep individuals from doing things that others might consider to be unethical. Individuals have increased likelihood to participate in their acts whenever they have other supporting colleagues who may legitimize or support their actions. Often at times, cohesion within the management teams encourage unethical behaviour because affirmation is more probable from fellow colleagues in the management team (Johnson et al., 2018). Due to the cohesiveness found within the members of a management team, they may be able to share blame with others whenever they are detected behaving unethically, further to receiving social support. The distribution of responsibility that comes with making decision as a group is perhaps the primary reason why people behave differently in groups.

It is worth noting that both factors, that is, social support and responsibility distribution, indicates that cohesiveness enhances the likelihood of unethical behaviour since coherence prevents questionable behaviour from being classified as unethical, either through the reduction of critical thinking or via the social support (Grzesiuk, 2016). Although belonging to a coherent team influences one’s view of an action’s ethicality and hence aids immoral behaviour, cohesion may influence one’s inclination to act even if one’s imminent action is perceived as unethical due to post hoc reasoning. Individuals should be able to rationalize their behaviour in order to act in a way that they believe is unethical. Individuals make such reasons largely to themselves, therefore belonging to a coherent team will indeed provide a stronger self-justification.  Another reason why people are more inclined to act unethically in groups in comparison to action on an individual basis is because their acts might be justified as serving the group’s interests. In conclusion, social support and responsibility dispersion enable unethical behaviour by creating a setting for doubtful activities to be classified as ethical, whereas rationalization encourages unethical behaviour even when it is classified as unethical.

Individuals in cohesive organizations understand that their fellow members are extremely dedicated and devoted to the group, and they anticipate elevated levels of reciprocity from them. This devotion may be founded on strong personal bonds among team members, although it may be especially strong in groups that are extremely dedicated to attain task-related objectives such as increasing organizations profitability (Lian et al., 2020). This may result in the perception that others members within the group may be more willing to take accountability for some of their acts, particularly if their acts are driven by a desire to help the entire group. Furthermore, individuals of coherent teams identify more with other individuals within the group and, as a result, have a larger perception that they can effectively comprehend the group’s intentions and aspirations (De Cremer & Vandekerckhove, 2017). This may indeed allow them to behave more boldly on behalf of the entire group, knowing that the other teammates will support them. It is also worth noting that views of other group members do not have to be true because they have implications for conduct regardless of their correctness. Nevertheless, a person’s ideas concerning others assuming accountability for an activity that positively serves the group could be valid, in the sense that team members may regard abandoning a team mate who has done an activity unethically to serve the group’s interest to be mistaken.

This group distribution of accountability for the repercussions of their choices and acts may limit critical thinking, which would be less likely to occur if an individual were to act on an individual basis and bear the repercussions of his or her decisions alone (Hosain, 2019). Diffusion of accountability reduces the urge to think critically in relation to a planned action, which increases the likelihood to act unethically. People are likely to use their critical thinking abilities to evaluate a form of action if everyone else share in the repercussions, both positive and negative, in comparison to when they bear the ramifications alone. People can participate in immoral behaviour without realizing it because of a lack of critical engagement.

Question 3

The outcomes of the two cases, Pacific Gas and Electric which resulted to a direct lawsuit of 333 million dollars and Rongping which amounted to 105,000 dollars in compensation for the communities who suffered the negative impacts of chromium disposed by the two firms. The outcomes of these two cases may have a positive impact on the ethical decisions of management teams in the future. Laws and ethics are virtually everywhere within the societies. They control the actions of people from day to day. The two, law and ethics, usually work together to ensure that individuals behave in a certain manner as well as coordinate the efforts of management teams aimed at protecting the welfare, health and safety of the general public (Zhang, He, & Sun, 2018). While laws encompass different forms of punishment for their violations, on the other hand, ethics do not. In essence, laws usually enforce the conduct that individuals ought to follow whilst ethics suggest what individuals ought to follow and assist them in exploring the options available in order to make the most appropriate decision.

In the case of management teams and ethics, even though law and ethics are two different things and are not co-extensive, the negative outcomes from the two firms will compel individuals in management positions to act in a manner that does not jeopardize the health, safety and the welfare of the general public. Even if some may sometimes have the urge to act unethically to meet the interests of the organizations, or be willing to act unethically due to the cohesiveness within the management teams, lawsuits and other repercussions for unethical conduct such as shut down will compel these individuals to act in an ethical way (Fehr et al., 2019). It is true that ethical decision making arises from one’s moral sense or in some cases the desire to maintain a good personal and brand image, the consequences of law suit will surely force individuals and organizations to make ethical decisions just to ensure that they remain in business. Organizations will be more conscious of their actions in the future and hence top management will take whatever actions to ensure that they do not go against the law even if it means firing certain individuals.

References

De Cremer, D., & Vandekerckhove, W. (2017). Managing unethical behavior in

organizations: The need for a behavioral business ethics approach. Journal of Management & Organization, 23(3), 437-455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.4Fehr, R., Welsh, D., Yam, K. C., Baer, M., Wei, W., & Vaulont, M. (2019). The role of moral

decoupling in the causes and consequences of unethical pro-organizational behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 153, 27-40.

Grzesiuk, K. (2016). Unethical Behaviour of Organisations from a Social Network

Perspective. A Literature Review. Annales. Etyka w życiu gospodarczym, 19(4), 23-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.19.4.02Hassan, S. (2019). We need more research on unethical leadership behavior in public

organizations. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2019.1667666Hosain, M. S. (2019). Unethical pro-organisational behaviour: Concepts, motives and

unintended consequences. Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation, 15(4), 133-137. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2319510X19883084Johnson, K. J., Martineau, J. T., Kouamé, S., Turgut, G., & Poisson-de-Haro, S. (2018). On

the unethical use of privileged information in strategic decision-making: The effects of peers’ ethicality, perceived cohesion, and team performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 152(4), 917-929.

Lian, H., Huai, M., Farh, J. L., Huang, J. C., Lee, C., & Chao, M. M. (2020). Leader

unethical pro-organizational behavior and employee unethical conduct: Social learning of moral disengagement as a behavioral principle. Journal of Management, 0149206320959699. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0149206320959699Shanker, A. K. (2019). Chromium: environmental pollution, health effects and mode of

action. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.11575-1Tumolo, M., Ancona, V., De Paola, D., Losacco, D., Campanale, C., Massarelli, C., &

Uricchio, V. F. (2020). Chromium pollution in European water, sources, health risk, and remediation strategies: an overview. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(15), 5438. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph17155438Wójcik, G., Wieszczycka, K., Aksamitowski, P., & Zembrzuska, J. (2020). Elimination of

carcinogenic chromium (VI) by reduction at two-phase system. Separation and Purification Technology, 238, 116410.

Yoshinaga, M., Ninomiya, H., Al Hossain, M. A., Sudo, M., Akhand, A. A., Ahsan, N., … &

Kato, M. (2018). A comprehensive study including monitoring, assessment of health effects and development of a remediation method for chromium pollution. Chemosphere, 201, 667-675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.026Zhang, Y., He, B., & Sun, X. (2018). The contagion of unethical pro-organizational behavior:

From leaders to followers. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 1102. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01102

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Question 1

Music is famous of its exclusive influence to the society. Various forms of music are helpful in identifying with different groups of people in the world. The world would be extremely boring without the sweetness of music. People connect with different forms of music that make their social life extremely bearable and enjoyable. However, music as a major element in the social world is bringing exclusive influence in the world where all people are wishing for a certain class of music. As a result, different forms of music are creating subcultures within themselves to let different people identify with their values as they remain in the umbrella of that music.

Hip-hop is a worldly celebrated form of music where different people attach themselves to the form of music on unique interests. Different people believe in the music for different reasons. Within itself, the form of music has created a subculture where people engage in the subculture by different ways. The subculture that has become exclusively sensitive within the hip-hop music is the gangsta rap subculture (Riley, 2005). This form of music has become mainly attractive to youths. The main influence of the music to youths is in the United States. This form of music is darling to many youthful souls. They believe it as the way to rock the heart to music. However, following the sensitivity that the youths are creating through the music, the world has also become sensitive of the influence of the music. Gangsta rap is proper definition of the elements that make the sub cultural theory. As the theory defines gangs as proper environment for crime, and violence, represents the issues that the youth experience under the influence of gangsta rap (Harkness, 2013).

The subculture has exposed youths to violent behaviors at tender age. Artists who believe in violent performances define the class of hip-hop music. Their presentations are made of violent incidences, which are affirmed by use of abusive words. Youths who have become friends to this world of music have become wooed to the ill elements that come with the music (Söderman, 2013).They have become the takers of the ill elements defined by the subculture.

This subculture of Hip-hop music represents rich artists who preach crime and violence through their music. The artists to this form of music are individuals with exclusive wealth that makes them highly attractive among youths. This results to existence of only a small group of youths who may fully identify with this kind of music. Some of the youths have been sidelined following their inability to match the expensive style of the artist of the music that they believe to be exclusively attractive to them. Some of the youths who may not afford the lifestyle of gangsta rappers, tend to practice the violent actions they learn from the musicians (Harkness, 2013). This further affirms the element of violence and crime as defined in the sub-cultural theory.

Gansta rap as a solid source of source of crime among youths has resulted to extensive abuse of drugs among youths. They want to practice every behavior they see and this has landed most of the youths to drugs. This behavior makes the youths extremely irresponsible in the society.

However, the influence that the music has brought amongst the youths in terms of crime and violence can be changed if there were campaigners for a new name for the subculture. Although, the subculture is defined by existence of a wide influence and occupation by youths, it can still take a turn if youths remained relevant to the music. The upcoming gangsta rappers should be responsible of eliminating the ill name that has been created. They should unfold a future of a subculture that is attractive and assistive to the youths. They should give the contrary of the current findings of sub-cultural theories defined by different authors.

Question 2

Rapcore or punk is a major subculture of hip-hop music. It is culture define by existence of an extensively moral panic within itself. The moral panic that the subculture defines is use of erotic and abusive language. It is the way of the subculture to communicate in a given form of language. It defines abuse of language through use of extremely sensitive words. Language as a major element of defining a culture is extremely critical in this subculture as the success of the attributions of the group depends on abusive language.

The language that is used touches into various elements of the subculture theory. For example, it touches on class, where the music is mainly performed by flashy artists who represent rich musicians. This is an element that defines the subculture through the subculture theory as a practice for rich individuals. The language of the music is full of praises of the dollar, which is representation of wealth (Söderman, 2013).

The language extends its traits as a moral panic through the punk subculture showing existence of racism. A name like “Nigga”, which is common among such musicians have been useful in the definition of the black people. This is a sign of racism where the whites refer to the blacks by other names. Racism is a definition of subculture element and it is extensively abused through the punk subculture of music (Mccrary, 2003).

Youths, who are well represented in the subculture theory, are concrete definition of what entails the Punk Subculture. The music is usually performed by youths who use erotic language in expressing their songs. This is improper definition of a subculture attracting different people. The language that the artists use has become common among the youths and they feel comfortable to use the language at any point (O’meara, 2003).

Question 3

In a given industry, there may be different forms of subculture. This means there would be exclusive uniqueness in each of the subcultures. However, their differences may not be exclusively wide as some of the subcultures are likely to interact to develop a highly effective and unique sub cultural practice.

Post modernism may be defined as the cultural logic of late capitalism. There are various elements that may define postmodernism in the art industry. For example, the elements of pastiche and historicity are proper support for the above claim. Pastiche has been defined as the blank parody of postmodern literature. The term blank may be significant to define the reflexivity, and intertextuality of the postmodern period, not being connected to historical content in the current times. The style is a representation of the shift that has remained exclusive in defining change at the current times. There is no need for extensive reliance on past practices (Robertson, Ralston, & Crittenden, 2012).

Literature and society are resultants of the extensively dominated, as well as determined by capitalist ideology but as capitalism has changed so has the literal theory. This is main definition of the movement from modernisms to postmodernism.

Parody is an element that defines mocking. It is true that a trait in a given subculture may mock other traits within the same subculture to define a given social element. This dictates there must be one of the elements that will conform to the values of the other. As a result, one order of a subculture may disorder other elements of other subcultures. The mocking may develop other texts that may be extensive useful and influential for change in the society (Robertson, Ralston, & Crittenden, 2012).

On the other hand, meta-narratives such as functionalism and Marxism may be exclusive useful in the definition of postmodernism. They are exclusive elements of influence that may induce change in the society. They are elements that slowly extend modernity to the society. They are proper elements to dictate value in the current society. Proper arguments of the modern society mainly rely on such elements of meta-narratives such as functionalism and Marxism (Hossieni & Khalili, 2011).

Because of application of these theories, subculture reorders have been witnessed and are becoming exclusively vital in defining postmodernisms and the practices that are being witnessed in different fields of the modern society (Hossieni & Khalili, 2011). The music industry also faces exclusive influence to postmodernisms following the change that is being witnessed in the industry.

References

Harkness, G., 2013., Gangs and gangsta rap in Chicago: A microscenes perspective. Poetics, 41(2), 151-176.

Hossieni, A., & Khalili, S., 2011., Explanation of creativity in postmodern educational ideas. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 1307-1313.

Mccrary, J., 2003., Effects of Listeners’ and Performers’ Race on Music Preferences. Journal of Research in Music Education, 41(3), 200.

O’meara, C., 2003., The Raincoats: breaking down punk rock’s masculinities.Popular Music, 22(3), 299-313.

Riley, A., 2005., The Rebirth Of Tragedy Out Of The Spirit Of Hip Hop: A Cultural Sociology Of Gangsta Rap Music. Journal of Youth Studies, 8(3), 297-311.

Robertson, C., J., Ralston, D., A., & Crittenden, W., F., 2012., The relationship between cultural values and moral philosophy: a generational subculture theory approach. AMS Review, 2(2-4), 99-107.

Söderman, J., 2013., The formation of ‘Hip-Hop Academicus’ – how American scholars talk about the academisation of hip-hop. British Journal Of Music Education, 30(03), 369-381.

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Musical Journals

George Frideric Handel is the composer of the oratorio, Messiah that premiered in Dublin on April 13th of 1742. Trumpets are the main instruments used in the piece, with the addition of other instruments that characterize the orchestra such as violins, viola, bass, and cello have been used. The tonality of the piece ‘Hallelujah’ derived from the Messiah uses a D-major scale of the church scale, while the melody uses motifs which are repeated rhythms for the whole piece. The piece incorporates dynamics that are terraced developing loud and soft sounds. The piece as well has a strong sense of perfect cadence and as well uses the chordal patterns. The general texture of the piece is homophonic at the beginning, ending with a polyphonic texture.

J. S. Bach’s Cantata No. 140 Wachet Auf, on the other hand, is a cantata that was written in 1731. The excerpt sleepers awake Nos. 1 chorale fantasia uses instruments such as horns, trumpets and violins and incorporates soprano, tenor, alto, and bass. The melody of the piece consists of sopranos having a slow-moving chorale melody, and the rhythm comprises insistent dotted rhythm in the orchestra. The harmony consists of an uplifting E-flat major key while the form of the piece is the 3-part bar form consisting of (A-A-B). The texture involves alteration between the instrument groups which consist of complex imitative polyphony in lower voices.

The two pieces are similar in that they were both sacred music of the baroque era. The texture of the two is as well similar in that it consists of a polyphonic texture, while similar instruments such as bass, trumpets and violins.

Works Cited

G. F. Handel’s Messiah. Retrieved from: https://youtu.be/7YaGwI7GjlA?t=3J. S. Bach’s Cantata No. 140 Wachet Auf. Retrived from: https://youtu.be/Lz0FmmNrTck?t=97

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Music lessons enhance IQ

The author of the article illustrates through performed experiments on certain individuals that taking music lessons does have a positive impact on IQ. The thing is that music lessons do involve many different approaches until one gets the desired results. A lot of attention has to be put in place when learning and mastering different musical tools and a tune, doing this improves on concentration and mental performance of the person involved.

The research variables applied in the experiments can be seen when looking at the two groups of individuals involved in the experiments. There is a group exposed to music lessons and another that is not. The group that has been exposed tended to develop a higher IQ as opposed to the ones who were not taking lessons.

The participants were selected after applying for the positions of receiving free art classes through an advertisement. They had to be age six as this was the perfect age to take music classes since older children will be hard to achieve certain perfection in music. The participants also had to have a keyboard with a full set of keys to practice on, so the ones who did not have it were not picked. The lessons were offered for a period of one year.

Out of all the participants picked, they were divided into four groups. Two groups took voice or standard keyboard classes, and another two groups took drama or no classes. This method made it easier to compare the results from the various groups. The results from the experiments were collected at an individual level from each group, and the data was compared to the results from an earlier test before the commencement of the programme.

In order to measure results the scientists used certain tests before the classes started: WISC-III, the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement, and Behavioural Assessment System for Children (Schellenberg 512). Tests applied after the classes showed a detailed picture of childrens’ performance and skills development. Their behaviour was also considered through dedicated part of the testing and added to statistical analysis.

The author concludes that taking music lessons and extracurricular activities has a positive impact on individuals as these activities involve multiple experiences. They help to develop various parts of the human brain and hence boost the IQ level of individuals participating in such activities. Although IQ change was obvious, the behaviour of children involved into music classes didn’t change much.

The experiment did indicate that taking music lessons has a small increase in IQ (Schellenberg 513). Scientists state that IQ boost is connected to enjoyable studying perception which becomes more efficient when kids are gathered in small groups to take lessons. Music is related to development of abstract reasoning and the classes are perceived as enjoyable school lessons (Schellenberg 320).

The research does not indicate if such an increase is significant enough to suggest all children of age six to take up such classes. It is also not clear if such an increase is long lasting or diminishes when one stops taking such classes or stops participating in them.

Work cited

Schellenberg, E. G. “Research report: Music lessons enhance IQ.” Psychological Science 15.8. (2004): 511-513.

Schellenberg, E. G. Music and cognitive abilities. University of Toronto at Mississauga, Ontario, Canada 14.6. (2005): 317-320.

Musical Theatre Film: Character

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Introduction

The supporting cast, antagonists, and protagonists are significant to the drama. These characters are the theatrical elements that various audiences can attach to. When the actresses or actors are on stage, it is compulsory to be credible to the character they are picturing. The audiences can become less attracted to the film or play if the actors are unbelievable in Chicago film which is an American musical black comedy of 2002 involving crime, Renée Zellweger who plays as Roxie Hart is a significant character who is motivated to become a vaudevillian currently being a homemaker and is apprehended for murder.

Roxie is narcissistic. She has an excessive interest in herself. She is not concerned about the individuals who love her. Becoming recognized is the only single thing that is important to her, even if it means being a murderer in cold blood (Admin, 2022). Roxie is jailed after shooting her mistress’ male version, Fred Casely. She shoots Fred for realizing that he cannot make her famous as he had claimed before, and she claims Fred is a jerk. We are not sure that Roxie has a heart because she has an unquenchable drive for fame. She also has good wit to recognize how to manipulate individuals to reach the popularity she believes she deserves. Thus, Roxie is entirely absorbed in becoming a celebrity. She says that she is a star, the audiences love her, and she loves them. She adds that the audiences love her for loving them, and she loves them for showing love to her; hence, they love each other. In addition, Roxie explains that the love is because nobody had adequate love in their childhood.

Roxie is a liar. She has absolutely no remorse concerning cheating and lying on her way to becoming a celebrity. Roxie knows how to manipulate individuals best and is no dummy. She plays the particular classic dumb blonde and hides behind her decolorized locks. Roxie tells the press that she is a real dummy, although she is lying (Admin, 2022). She does this to appear innocent and dump where Billy makes arrangements. Also, Roxie has an eerie potential to lie to her husband, Amos, and the public. For instance, she is involved in faking being preggo. Roxie spins the entire story concerning the non-existent baby failing to tell Amos and claims to want it. Thus, she develops non-existent joy as her real crime motive.

Moreover, Roxie is opportunistic. When she gets in jail, she views it as an opportunity land. Roxie desires to earn notoriety (Admin, 2022). Also, having your name in various papers in Chicago is an indispensable social currency form. Thus, Roxie works the entire system and everyone around to get her desires. These include the likes of Velma, the rival performer, and Amos, her unsuspecting husband. In addition, Roxie is sensational. She effectively auctions each of her belongings to repay her legal fees. Also, the public loves Roxie; for example, the prison warden Mama Morton.

Conclusion

Roxie is an essential character and portrays several character traits, such as vain for having excessive self-interest. She is also a liar for cheating and lying to all without remorse. In addition, Roxie is opportunistic and sensational. Therefore, Roxie is focused on fame; she views herself as more prominent than the life she has in her head.

References

Admin. (2022). Watch Chicago (2002) Full Movie Online Free | Myflixz.com. Browse and Watch All Your Favorite Online Movies & Series for Free! https://myflixz.com/movie/tt0299658

Charlie Chaplin’s Modern Times

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Charlie Chaplin’s modern times

Charlie Chaplin has been in the movie industry for a long period and his involvement in this industry has left remarkable strides in the whole industry. Being American he affected a very varied audience even to the European audience whereby even among French speakers there is a movie magazine simply called Charlie. It is through his efforts and film genius ability that he presents us with the film modern times which was produced in 1936. This film is a comedy and it is through the concept of being funny that Charlie presents to the American audience the socialist critique of the society of the 20th century. The movie portrays a factory worker whose employer keeps on trying to make him more productive even when it is futile and he cannot do any more work. The employer is majorly focused on the results and the production, however, does not consider the rights, the feelings, and the conditions of the workers.

The employer due to his capitalistic mind and his desire for performance even makes sure that the workers can eat while they are still working and this to a big extent violates their basic rights as human beings. The film is majorly dominated by machines and these machines have large cogs. This can be said to be a way to display and portray the modern world. Due to the pressure and a lot of work with very few minutes of resting the factory worker gets a nervous breakdown. Even though this worker is taken to hospital he gets out with no employment. There is also a scene whereby he eats food in a restaurant and he is unable to pay and therefore he is arrested. At first, he does not like prison however with time he begins to develop a liking of this place because it provides for his needs like food.

The same factory worker also joins a rally for workers who were denied their rights by their employers and in this march, he is also arrested again as the police claim that he is the leader of the multitude which was causing chaos and unrest as they protested. Chaplin’s partner is called Paulette Goddard. She portrays a young woman caught in the unfairness of the world whereby she is trying to help her siblings who have been caught by the authorities from her. She suffers in trying to get them and this a way of showing how the modern world is not fair most of the time because she is also an orphan.

Ellen is also a character and she tries to steal bread because she was starving. When she tries to steal this bread she is caught by the police who only cared about the law and order and never looked into the needs and the issues which faced society. It is during her period when she is arrested that Chaplin meets her and he helps her. As he tried to help her they fall in love. They move in together and even though they are happy together their home is not in the best condition. This is the house that Ellen finds for them both.

Ellen cannot find a job and therefore in the struggle to find a new job she finds herself dancing to people in clubs to make sure she gets some financial support to keep her going. As she gets this job Chaplin is in prison and finds it very difficult to manage. At the end of it, all ellen also is arrested and she is in prison for the offense of stealing a loaf of bread.

In conclusion, we can say that this movie shows how it is very difficult for ladies to prosper at that certain time in society and this is, therefore, a difficult time for them. It also shows the struggles and the issues that Chaplin goes through. It is a great film.

Reference

Chaplin modern times – Bing video. (n.d.). Www.bing.com. Retrieved March 25, 2021, from https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=chaplin+modern+times&docid=608038404962978944&mid=7680CA6B8522E3A270E97680CA6B8522E3A270E9&view=detail&FORM=VIRE

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Charting a Company’s Direction

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Task 1: Financial Statement Analysis

Question 1

The analysis of a company’s financial statements helps provide the information needed by analysts, creditors, and investors in the evaluation of the company’s financial performance. At the same time, some of the information provided in these statements is usually a requirement by the accounting standards or by law. The financial statements are a good communication tool for the accomplishments that the company has so far made, especially to external parties interested in the company, such as analysts, media, and investors. This is the manner through which management communicates with the external parties. Senior management within the company is able to use financial statements as effective tools for detailing the successes that the company has achieved in the past as well as the expectations it has for the future (Way, 2019). The industry’s needs are met as the first steps in the analysis of financial statements since creditors and investors have invested in the company, and they would use the evaluation as a tool for identifying the profitability of their investments. This is due to the fact that they are the source of finance for the company’s operations. In light of this, the company has to prove that indeed the money is being put to good use, and it is standing out in the industry as a good performer, having met all the industrial requirements and standards set for good performance.

Question 2

Relevance, in light of accounting information in the context of valuation methodology and disclosure, basically means the capability of users to make predictions on past, present, and future outcomes, or making a confirmation of prior expectations. Relevant information helps make a difference in decision making by improving the user’s capabilities in prediction or giving feedback on prior expectations (Board, 2008). Representational faithfulness, on the other hand, is the ability of available information to give a fair and true view, while being presented fairly, especially touching on financial statement information (Alexander & Archer, 2003). In line with this, such information plays a key role in creative accounting as well as in the opinion statements provided by an auditor (. Such information is free from bias and material error, thus showing its relevance.

In the event that the highest relevance is present in the selection of accounting method, representational faithfulness is still considered important even though it is considered next. Relevance is considered first owing to it being essential. They are both important for decision usefulness. With the presence of both, then information is reliable, non-biased, neutral, free from material error, and complete, thus dependable (Di Pietra, McLeay, & Ronen, 2014). Therefore, neither can be absent. In the event that they are both absent, the decision loses meaning when information provided has material error, bias, is incomplete, not neutral, and non-verifiable. This means that accounting information has to have both characteristics: relevance and representational faithfulness for decisions to be useful and dependable.

Task 2

There are various challenges that are presented in the understanding and reporting of cash flows and taxes, especially when looking the operations of businesses. Going concern and liquidity is one of the challenges. The survival of businesses is based on their ability to have cash flow to help the company stay afloat. Management is required to conduct an assessment on businesses to identify the ability of the business to continue as a going concern. Financial statement analysis helps make this clear. In the event that the business is not able to continue as a going concern, the business is forced to inject additional income into the business to prevent bankruptcy (van der Tas, 2020). At the same time, if the economic climate is unfriendly, the government may consider tax reduction for businesses to stay afloat and the economy to continue thriving.

Assessment of impairment on business assets is yet another challenge. Nonfinancial assets being impaired means the sale or use of the asset cannot acquire the carrying value of the asset. This may mean greater losses to business and possibly, cash flow needed to be injected into improving the asset for use or sale. Given the changing assumptions of market participants at certain market conditions when it comes to measurement of fair value, some economic climates may call for more depressing fair value measurement considerations, which may mean much lower value to businesses (van der Tas, 2020). This also means much lower cash flow available to businesses to continue keeping the operations staying afloat. In the event that the economic climate is suffering on the basis of an event that affects business, then the government is expected to come in and provide responses that help provide cushioning to businesses. This can come in form of subsidies, public levy reductions, credit and tax reductions, loans on low interest, reductions in rent, and tax exemptions. To ensure that businesses stay afloat even in pressing economic times, the government has to ensure that relevant laws have been enacted. Businesses will need to consider whether a government grant received or a tax reduction will help provide relief to operations (Info Entrepreneurs, 2019). For cash flow maximization, there ought to be effectiveness in debt control and credit management, while still ensuring effectiveness in supplier management and stock control.

References

Alexander, D., & Archer, S. (2003). On economic reality, representational faithfulness and the ‘true and fair override’. Accounting and Business Research, 33(1), 3-17.

Board, F. A. S. (2008). Statement of financial accounting concepts No. 2: qualitative characteristics of accounting information. Financ Acc Stand Board.Di Pietra, R., McLeay, S., & Ronen, J. (Eds.). (2014). Accounting and regulation: New insights on governance, markets and institutions. Springer Science & Business Media.Info Entrepreneurs. (2019). The challenges of growing a business – and how to meet them. Info Entrepreneurs. https://www.infoentrepreneurs.org/en/guides/the-challenges-of-growing-a-business—and-how-to-meet-them/Van der Tas, L. (2020, April 2). Five financial reporting Issues to consider as a consequence of COVID-19. EY. https://www.ey.com/en_gl/assurance/five-financial-reporting-issues-to-consider-as-a-consequence-of-covid-19Way, J. (2019, February 4). What Is the Importance of a Company’s Financial Statements? Chron. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-companys-financial-statements-21332.html

Subject

Students Name

Institution of Affiliation

Date

Music of the Baroque Music PeriodThe baroque music period began around 1600 to 1750 and involved a musical language depicting affections that include agitation, grief, and joy (Collins). There were distinct styles and practices in the baroque period that include theater (Opera), church and chamber for the styles, while the practices include the Stile Antico which is highly polyphonic and the Stile Moderno that involve homophonic w/solo voice. The opera style of music is a drama in which all the dialogue is sung (Mitchell). For the opera music, there are two main types of singing, and they include aria and recitative. For the recitative section of opera music is a sung speech containing dialogue that is highly rhythmic and syllabic. For the aria type, it involves a fully developed melody for a vocal soloist. Stile Antico is the practice for the opera music, and an example of the stile Antico is that of Claudio Monteverdi, with the opera ‘The Coronation of Poppea.’

Another style of the baroque music is the Church that served the purpose of awakening the passion for the religious subjects (Koenigsberger). The practice is Stile Moderno. The churches spent a lot of money on lavish decorations that conveyed the authority of the church as well as inspiring religious fervor. The sound of the baroque organ filled the brilliant interiors with its powerful resonance and a striking variety of timbres created an awe. An example of the Church style is the work of Johann Sebastian Bach, ‘Toccata and Fugue in D minor.’ The chamber is the third style of the baroque music (Rangel-Ribeiro). The concerto was characterized by multi-movement and involved a musical work that featured an instrumental soloist accompanied by an ensemble. The concerto was of two types that include solo concerto and concerto grosso. Antonio Vivaldi is a renowned musician of the concerto, and an example of his work include his famous masterpiece Le Quattro Stagioni translated as the four seasons.

Work Cited

Collins, Paul. The Stylus Phantasticus and free keyboard music of the North German Baroque. Routledge, 2017.

Koenigsberger, Helmut Georg. “Music and Religion in Early Modern European History.” Music and the Renaissance. Routledge, 2017. 275-306.

Mitchell, Brittney S. “The Secret Society of Opera.” (2016).

Rangel-Ribeiro, Victor. Baroque music: A practical guide for the performer. Courier Dover Publications, 2016.

Subject

Students Name

Institution of Affiliation

Date

Music of the Brain

Music if food to the brain and therefore has more benefits to a person. The documentary ‘Music of the Brain’ tells of the role that music plays in the course of child development, becoming an adult until death. Music affects the development of a person’s brain from conception until death. A 7:50, the documentary discusses the role of music in the development of a child through the act of the mother singing. Right from conception, the sounds and vibrations make the infant identify themselves with a certain culture same to that of the mother as the brain develops articulating the sounds to a certain culture. The music, therefore, plays a vital role in ensuring the development of the mother-infant relationship. The role of music varies in the different stages of life such as during childhood, looking for the elderly as well as music therapy for the patients in the hospital.

The documentary at 11:22, the presenter argues that music activates the brain especially when the favorite music is put on activating the temporal lobe, the part of the brain that identifies music. The middle temporal gyrus as well is activated and involved in remembrance while the temporal lobes are activated for memory. The limbic system of the brain is involved in processing the emotional parts, and this keeps the whole brain active when listening to music. At 17:50, the presenter talks of the role of music in ensuring usage of both hemispheres of the brain. Normal speaking and use of language use the left hemisphere, and this leaves the right hemisphere unused. For the people who engage in music, the right hemisphere is used as well, and this makes a balance between the two parts of the brain. At 19:30, the speaker says that music acts as a therapy for the sick people and in the documentary, a patient with mumbled speech sings fluently and audibly and therefore music kind of rebuilds the speech.

Work Cited

Music of the Brain. Retrieved from: https://youtu.be/JyEsPfcvgzg?t=1532

Chase Markowitz

CCJ 4687

Evaluation And Assessment of Victim Services

Krista Flannigan, JD

11/10/2021

Evaluation And Assessment of Victim Services

Introduction (Evaluation and Assessment of Victim Services)

Define evaluation and assessment of victim services

Thesis statement-

Evaluating and assessing victim services is a noble goal to the society as it leads to the right and correct way of trying to inform people to get help and not shy away, therefore this paper discusses the process of evaluation and assessment of victim services as well as the impact of the evaluation on the quality of heath services presented.

Body

history of victim services

current state of victim services

success rate of victim services

possible problems with victim services

how the problems can be solved

possible outcomes due to solution of the problems

Conclusion

in conclusion, it is true that evaluation and assessment of victim services is the best possible way to see if the children and any other person who is a victim of home-based violence or sexually abused victim are being helped according to best methods. Even though there is lack of trust in some of the institutions running the victim services it seems most of them are doing okay and they continue to be a great force to make the world a better place.