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Adjustment of International Students’ Social Relationships in Australia

Submitted to: Mr Sami Wilson

President

Corporate Social Responsibility

Submitted by: Faisal Alqsaer

Senior Partner

Global Organisation of Students

16 September 2011

AbstractThis report observes the social relationship experiences of QUT international students in Australia, and identifies several factors that negatively affect the ability of international students to form meaningful social relationships while in Australia. Both primary and secondary sources were used in the production of this report. The primary information was collected through the use of a ten-question survey delivered to a targeted sample of twenty QUT international students, while secondary information was collected from library holdings and other credible resources. The results provide a valuable overview of participants’ experiences of social relationship adjustments in Australia. Some recommendations for improving international students’ social relationships, such as providing a friendly social environment, encouraging more contact between Australian students and international students, and some social activities, are discussed in the report.

Table of content TOC o “1-3” h z u HYPERLINK l “_Toc303824326″Abstract2

HYPERLINK l “_Toc303824327″Table of content3

HYPERLINK l “_Toc303824328″List of figures4

HYPERLINK l “_Toc303824329″1Introduction5

HYPERLINK l “_Toc303824330″1.1 Background5

HYPERLINK l “_Toc303824331″1.2 Objectives5

HYPERLINK l “_Toc303824332″1.3 Method5

HYPERLINK l “_Toc303824333″1.4 Scope6

HYPERLINK l “_Toc303824334″2 Discussion6

HYPERLINK l “_Toc303824335″2.1 Sociability of QUT international students in Australian6

HYPERLINK l “_Toc303824336″2.2 QUTIC International students’ friends7

HYPERLINK l “_Toc303824337″2.3 QUTIC International students’ barriers to being sociable in Australia8

HYPERLINK l “_Toc303824338″2.4 Requirements in terms of social relationships9

HYPERLINK l “_Toc303824339″3Recommendations10

HYPERLINK l “_Toc303824340″Reference list11

AHYPERLINK l “_Toc303824341″ppendix A: Completed Questionnaires12

HYPERLINK l “_Toc303824342″Appendix B: Tally sheets13

HYPERLINK l “_Toc303824343″Appendix C: Report Project: Part A14

List of figures TOC h z c “Figure” HYPERLINK l “_Toc303823927″Figure 1: Assessments of international student’s social relationships PAGEREF _Toc303823927 h 2

HYPERLINK l “_Toc303823928″Figure 2: Nationality of friends of QUTIC international students PAGEREF _Toc303823928 h 3

HYPERLINK l “_Toc303823929″Figure 3: Negative effects on international students’ social relationships PAGEREF _Toc303823929 h 4

HYPERLINK l “_Toc303823930″Figure 4: Important activities for social relationship development PAGEREF _Toc303823930 h 5

IntroductionBackgroundCorporate Social Responsibility, (CSR) and Global Organization of Students, (GOS) are both involved in this report. The president of Corporate Social Responsibility, Mr Sami Wilson, has authorised the Global Organization of Students (GOS), a company that cares about international student’s affairs, to do a report about QUT international students’ social relationship adjustments in Australia. He has also produced numerous reports that advocate on their behalf. Indeed, the issue of international students’ adjustment is very important because international education industry is becoming a major source of growth in the Australian economy. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Heffernan</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>3</RecNum><DisplayText>(Heffernan &amp; Farrell, 2005)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>3</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app=”EN” db-id=”eaezz2f209rx94epz5gvfz5m5azp55wwd0wx”>3</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name=”Journal Article”>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Troy Heffernan </author><author>Mark Farrell</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The Impact of Culture on Early International Relationship Development in the Education Sector</title><secondary-title> Business And Economics–Marketing And Purchasing</secondary-title></titles><volume>4</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2005</year></dates><work-type>Scholarly Journal</work-type><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>( HYPERLINK l “_ENREF_1” o “Heffernan, 2005 #3” Heffernan & Farrell, 2005) state that the growing competition for international students has improved the marketing concentration of universities in Australia. Thus, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) aims to improve its business by achieving its goals by this report. In addition, QUT international students might provide a good sample about international students’ social relationship adjustments in Australia. This report will be submitted to CSR on 16th September 2011.

ObjectivesTo determine students’ experiences of social relationship adjustments in Australia

To examine how the campus social environment impacts QUT international students’ social relationships in Australia

To support CSR president Sami Wilson by providing some recommendations to improve QUT international students’ social relationships in Australia.

MethodData for this report was collected through the administration of a 10-question survey, which was comprised of dichotomous, multiple choice, scale, rank-order, mixed search, and open questions. An example of this survey can be seen in Appendix A. A targeted sample method was used to distribute the questionnaires to twenty QUT international students. It was distributed on 1st September 2011, in the P Block Residence of Kelvin Grove campus. The surveys were then collected and the information analysed. The findings are presented in graphs and tables.

ScopeThe investigation constituted of two parts. First, the international students were asked about their experiences of social relationships in Australia. Secondly, the students were asked to discuss how the Australian social environment affects QUT international students. The primary research is based on the results of the aforementioned questionnaires, while secondary research was conducted through library databases and other credible sources. Some data was not included in the final report as the results were insignificant. However, this report has reliable restrictions in terms of the sample size and time but, the data collected is good enough for a number of key conclusions to be drawn.

Discussion Sociability of QUT international students in Australian

Figure SEQ Figure * ARABIC 1: Assessments of international student’s social relationshipsDiscussion

Figure 1 shows the quality of participants’ social relationships in Australia. Most of the participants are satisfied with their social life in Australia. However, a minority of participants’ social relationships need improvement, while others consider theirs to be poor.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the wealth of cultural diversity and social sophistication that international students convey to Australian’s universities and society are valued by Australian themselves. As a result, Australia appears to be a respectable social relationship environment for QUT international students.

QUTIC International students’ friends

Figure SEQ Figure * ARABIC 2: Nationality of friends of QUTIC international studentsDiscussion

Figure 2 shows the results collected in the survey with regard to where the friends of the participants came from. As seen above, the “different countries” option was chosen by 50% of participants; the option of “same as mine” was chosen 35% while those of “Australia” and “No friends” are represented by 10% and 5% respectively.

Conclusion

From the results above, it is seen that most QUT international students seem to be social, despite their nationality. These results reflect positivity on the international students’ social relationship adjustments in Australia. However, the majority of QUT international students appear to have some difficulty in socializing with Australians. This may suggest that intercultural communication might remain a challenge for international students. Obstacles to interaction between the host country and international students may include differing ideas of friendship among different cultures.

QUTIC International students’ barriers to being sociable in Australia

Figure SEQ Figure * ARABIC 3: Negative effects on international students’ social relationshipsDiscussion

Figure 3 shows the barriers in the Australian social environment that affect the participants. As seen in figure 3, language difficulties appear to be the most significant obstacle on participants’ social relationships. However, being busy with the study is also another important factor that influences participants’ relationships. Other factors are also significant but do not have a severe effect on participants’ social relationships as the first two.

Conclusion

From these findings, it seems that language difficulties have an enormous effect on international students’ relationships. Some QUT international students seem to feel isolated from the host culture because of their inability to speak English. According to, major effects on international student adjustment to the host culture include language skills and gender. In addition, state that lack of time plays an important part in hindering students from participating in social activities.

Requirements in terms of social relationships

Figure SEQ Figure * ARABIC 4: Important activities for social relationship developmentDiscussion

Figure 4 represents requirements that participants need in order to participate in the social life, in Australia. Regular conversation with Australians is the most important requirement, while the least important is meeting with student welfare. The perceived value of other requirements was less clear.

Conclusion

The above findings indicate that QUT international students need to speak with Australian people so as to improve on their language skills, which could at the same time improve their social relationships in Australia. Barratt and Huba find that students understand that spoken language skills are the most beneficial tool for pursuing their interests and in constructing relationships with people in the host country. As a result, more interactive social events are needed, such as sports, interesting e-mailing events, and museum visits.

RecommendationsBased on the results of this survey, GOS suggests the following recommendations to the president of CSR, Mr Sami Wilson, in order to improve QUT international students’ social relationships:

First, CSR should provide a friendly social environment in which participants can make friends and enhance interaction between Australian students and QUT international students. Despite the fact that most participants are satisfied with their social life in Australia, some of them are not satisfied. Most anxieties are indeed related to the environment of the community college campus, as well as to features of the students themselves.

CSR should also provide extra language lessons for QUT international students because language difficulties are also a barrier to cross-cultural relationships as shown in Figure 3.

The need for participants’ social activities that help them to share their interests with others and make them more sociable is another recommendation to CSR, and it should provide social activities such as sports or museum visits.

Reference List

HYPERLINK l “_ENREF_1” o “Heffernan, 2005 #3” Heffernan T., & Farrell M., (2005). The Impact of Culture on Early International Relationship Development in the Education Centre: Business and Economics-Marketing and Purchasing,4. Retrieved on 14th September 2011 from Queensland University of Technology Course materials Database.

Appendix A: Completed QuestionnairesAppendix B: Tally sheetsAppendix C: Report Project: Part AGlobal Organisation of Students

22 Carraways Street

BRISBANE 4059

(04) 2281-5307 Fax (07) 3333-2223

16 September 2011

Mr Sami Wilson

President

Corporate Social Responsibility

235 Blame Street

SYDNEY

Dear Mr Sami Wilson,

The Global Organisation of Students (GOS) has produced this report at your request. The purpose of the report is to relate the experiences of some Queensland University of Technology (QUT) international students with regard to Australian social life, as well as to provide some recommendations towards improving the quality of QUT international students’ relationships in Australia.

This report has been produced through the use of primary research, including questionnaires, as well as through secondary research based on database resources. The major findings were taken primarily from four questions of the questionnaires.

The report presents some recommendations that could improve QUT international students’ social relationships in Australia. These include providing a friendly social environment, encouraging more contact between Australian students and international students, and organizing more social activities.

It has been a pleasure to work with you and your staff. If you have any remarks, please don’t hesitate to contact me by e-mail at HYPERLINK “mailto:faisal_alqsaer@hotmail.com”faisal_alqsaer@hotmail.com or by telephone at 04-2281-5307.

Sincerely yours,

Faisal Alqsaer

Senior Partner

Global Organization of Students

Enc: 1

Name

Professor

Course

Date

Procedures and Routines

There are various procedures and routines depending on the school. This is because different schools have different administration. During the first day in school, students are introduced to the calendar of that semester. They are then advised to handle in their assignments to the respective departments. The school calendar mostly entails the days for sitting for an exams and other important functions that are to be held in the school.

A teacher must be able to come up with strategies that will assist in achieving classroom motivation. The teacher ought to believe that he can provide motivation for students in the classroom. For this to happen, the teacher should believe that students want to learn reading skills. The teacher ought to establish an environment that will make learning engaging for the students (Ackerman, 2007). This can only happen when the teacher understands that students are humans who are motivated with the same things that motivate adults. The teacher serves an imperative function in the administration of the classroom. The small roles might not be necessary for efficient classroom management, but they assist students to survive in the classroom. This will make students invest in education and protect it because they want it to work.

Reading is considered as one of the most important skill that a child learns from school. This is because a child must learn to read so that he can excel in other academic areas. The perception of teachers is very crucial when dealing with any proficient reader. This is because teachers have great impact on learning than any other person. Perception of secondary school teachers on whether they should teach reading skills is very influential for the successes of secondary school teachers. Therefore, it is important for teachers to have a positive attitude towards teaching reading skills to their students. This is because students are likely to conform to how their teachers label them.

The effectiveness of teaching reading skills in a class depends on the teacher’s ability to maintain order in the classroom (Ackerman, 2007). When the teacher is unable to maintain order in a classroom then students are not able to learn reading skills. There are different strategies that can be used by a teacher for classroom management. A teacher can use the give up model, inducement model, knowledge and control model or classroom community model. Effective reading skills can be achieved when a teacher establishes a conducive classroom climate. The teacher is supposed to create a classroom climate that is focused, fun and safe for the students.

Transition

Every teacher needs to understand the role that is played by awards for learning and teaching reading skills. The topic of rewards and awards is very controversial and should be handled very carefully (Lalani, & Rodrigues, 2012). There are teachers who give students candy to get the behavior they want. Teachers should understand that good behavior is not achieved by giving candy to students. Giving candy to students is not a good strategy for teaching and learning reading skills. Good performance can be achieved when teachers do things that would make them perform at their highest level. This can be achieved when a teacher notices good behavior and rewards it by specific praises. Teachers should encourage students to read together aloud when they are sitting on the floor because it is a way of promoting classroom community. Books can be used as effective classroom management resources when student read them together loudly.

Active Learning Strategies

These strategies are used to replace lecturing by teachers which is teacher centered to facilitating which is student centered. There are six approaches that can be utilized to hearten student center form of instruction.

Short Lecture and Lesson tasks

For many years, teachers have lectured their students for long hours as they scribble notes. It has been proven that short lectures are more effective than long lectures when it comes to learning. The short lectures are followed by class exercise; thus, the teacher will know whether students have understood what he has just taught them. This type of learning strategy gives room for students to ask questions where they have not understood.

Peer Teaching

This is an effectual approach of learning because it encourages active learning. Students learn 95% on what they teach others because they are adequately prepared with the content they plan to teach (Lalani, & Rodrigues, 2012). Peer teaching does not only encourage active learning, but it also sharpens the communication skill of a student. Peer teaching does not involve teaching the whole class but it can be used to teach small groups of only two students. This strategy has helped in teaching complex material because students are willing to share the materials they know when they are in small groups.

Cooperative Learning Groups

Cooperative learning involves the grouping of students from one another to attain the desired goals in education (Jones & Jones, 2013). Success in education is a result of students working together as a team. When a member fails then the whole group will have negative impacts. Each student is given specific roles to research on in connection to educational matters. This makes students to be active in the topic they are researching as they reflect upon the topic. A group can be composed of students who have different opinions of a subject and debate about the subject. When students are debating upon a certain subject they are able to understand the topic perfectly.

Games

This is another active strategy since a teacher engages fun materials when he is teaching. The teacher can get fun materials from the internet and incorporate it in the curriculum. A teacher can use classroom jeopardy which resembles the television type of jeopardy. The teacher provides the answers to a certain question and students are expected to come up with the questions.

Problem Statement There is a development of electronics in classroom for the past few years. Students used to carry heavy books and laptops in the classroom, which was disadvantageous to the size of unit (Jones & Jones, 2013). The introduction of netbooks facilitated similar functions with smaller and lighter materials. Tablets are used as household products thus; most people are using them for studying and taking notes. Teachers are using tablets as multimedia content to facilitate learning process. The use of smart tablets in class is beneficial to students because they are helpful in lectures, allow faster information retrieval, and are environmentally friendly.

Tablets are fast as students’ use less time in searching information compared to other learning materials. Students get the information about a topic by use of tablets thus saving a lot of time. Tablets have a large screen that provides enough space for taking many notes (Lalani, & Rodrigues, 2012). Large screens on tablets provide students with visual ways of learning. Many apps instill drawing and writing skills for young children. Tablets have a visual nature device that makes learning easier for students. This is because most subjects become easy to learn for students as they see what they are taught. Students learn current activities that are going on globally by use of tablets.

Tablets are multipurpose as they combine the ability to solve mathematical problems and learn literature easier. They assist students to solve complex mathematical problems that were a burden. Various mathematical applications assist students in solving and understanding equations. There are unique features in tablets that facilitate teaching and learning process. The motion sensor in tablets provides students with an opportunity of using their hands for instructing the tablet to conduct equilibrium and balance skills (Lalani, & Rodrigues, 2012). The clinometer assists students to measure wall levels, surfaces and determine precise angles that incline and decline. Physics students can measure accelerations and change in force by using tablets. Tablets are used in aerobic classes to measure exertion levels, balance and repetition.

Conclusion

The perception of teachers is very crucial when dealing with any proficient reader. This is because teachers have great impact on learning than any other person. The effectiveness of teaching reading skills in a class depends on the teacher’s ability to maintain order in the classroom. A teacher must be able to come up with strategies that will assist in achieving classroom motivation. Every teacher needs to understand the role that is played by awards for learning and teaching reading skills.

Reference

Ackerman, B. (2007). PRAISE: Effectively guiding student behavior. Colorado Springs, Colorado: ACSI.

Jones, V., & Jones L. (2013). Comprehensive classroom management: Creating communities of support and solving problems (10th). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

Lalani, S & Rodrigues, S. (2012). A Teacher’s Perception and Practice of Assessing the Reading Skills of Young Learners. Retrieved on June, 7th 2013 from,

<http://imanagerenglishlangaugeteaching.blogspot.com/2013/03/a-teachers-perception-and-practice-of.html>

Executive Summary

Administration Robotics Market is taken a gander at as the future human partners that are intended to help individuals to would what they like to do in a characteristic and unconstrained way. Additionally, with the rise of omnipresent figuring and correspondence situations, robots will have the capacity to call upon a boundless learning base and direction their exercises with different gadgets and frameworks. Further, the developing spread of universal processing will prompt robot advances being implanted into omnipresent ICT systems to end up human operators of physical activities, improving and amplifying the physical capacities and faculties.

Current Market Situation

The UAE, the world’s eighth biggest oil maker, keeps up a free-advertise economy and is additionally a standout amongst the most politically steady and secure in the district. This guarantees that the nation has a strong focused edge as the district’s head business center and second biggest economy.

Monetary development in the UAE is unfaltering in spite of a fleeting rest as the worldwide economy vacillated. Recuperation was helped by high oil costs, expanded government spending and a resurgence in tourism, transport and exchange. Also, fruitful rebuilding of obligation owed by prominent organizations, solidarity among the emirates and accommodative fiscal and financial approaches all assumed a part in conveying noteworthy monetary soundness to the business sector.

Taking after the plunge in 2010, UAE GDP rose to achieve US$419 billion toward the end of 2014, up 4.8 every penny on 2013. The IMF predicts that GDP will keep on growing at a rate of 4 to 5 every penny through the following seven years.

In spite of high monetary execution, expansion rates are required to stay between 2 to 3 every penny.

Despite the fact that oil has been the backbone of the UAE economy and keeps on contributing signifcantly to financial success, a decided and far-seeing arrangement of monetary enhancement has guaranteed that non-oil segments now represent 69 every penny of GDP, with oil supplying the staying third.

Abu Dhabi’s Economic Vision 2030 and Dubai’s Strategic Plan 2015 are driving the drive towards broadening. The methodology is to expand interest in mechanical and other fare situated segments, including overwhelming industry, transport, petrochemicals, tourism, data innovation, information transfers, renewable vitality, flight and space, and oil and gas administrations. Much has as of now been attained to in these fields, particularly in satellite and information transfers, the aeronautics area and in renewable vitality, and albeit fleeting needs have been changed to oblige evolving substances, the long haul system continues as before.

At the government level, the UAE is seeking after its 2021 Vision, which intends to place advancement, exploration, science and innovation at the middle of an information based, profoundly profitable and aggressive economy when of the organization’s brilliant celebration in 2021. Fundamentally, the celebration year is likewise the deadline for the dispatch of the first Arab Islamic test to Mars by the recently settled Emirates Space Agency.

Tourism has had vast influence in the accomplishment of monetary expansion and amid 2014 the UAE has kept on strengthenning its position as a top visitor destination. Abu Dhabi’s 156 lodgings recorded their best year ever regarding guest numbers, whilst Dubai’s 634 foundations have likewise encountered a critical increment in visitors. Different emirates are taking action accordingly (Uaeinteract, 2015).)

Market Description

Exchange has assumed a noteworthy part in UAE monetary life for a long time. This is not by and large shocking considering the nation’s key geological position. On the other hand, centered and far-seeing interest in air terminals, ports and administrations, and additionally an empowering business environment, has guaranteed that the UAE has turned into an essential exchanging center uniting territorial markets to the outside world. Consistent recuperation of most financial segments has additionally prompted an increment of remote exchange.

The UAE outside exchange lists skiped in 2013 to preglobal budgetary emergency levels whilst mass product fares, including oil, are relied upon to become by 5.8 every penny to US$381 billion in 2014, contrasted and US$354 billion in 2013.

The Asia-Pacific area kept up its driving position among UAE’s exchange accomplices as far as non-oil exchange, representing 43 every penny or Dh106 billion of aggregate direct exchange volume. Europe stayed in second place, contributing 27 every penny or Dh67.2 billion to aggregate exchange, took after by the MENA area with 14 every penny or Dh35.1 billion. The US and Carribean positioned fourth with 10 every penny of aggregate non-oil exchange (Dh24.1 billion), took after by West and Centra Africa (4 every penny, or Dh9.4 billion) and East and South Africa (3 every penny or Dh7 billion).

The UAE’s economy is the most nearly incorporated of all the Arab economies into the worldwide financial framework and endeavors are keeping on upgrading the nation’s business benevolent environment, both to encourage exchange and draw in inflows of outside immediate venture, which will help to accomplish adjusted, economical advancement. This procedure proceeds through the signature of numerous respective and multilateral participation understandings. Mainly, these endeavors have grasped changes and redesigning of enactment, including another Competition Law, which became effective in 2014.The new law manages financial exercises and misuse of licensed innovation rights (IPR). This is required to elevate rivalry and to add to endeavors to meet the targets of Vision 2012, which tries to construct an information based economy.

The benefits and features of a Robot Security

The thought of a robot security gatekeeper has been around since no less than 1955, with Philip K. Dick’s short story “The Hood Maker,” however from that point forward, they have gotten to be sensible different options for people. These robots have been conveyed to parking structures, shopping centers and business properties. In spite of the fact that these robots have hindrances, for example, their absence of compassion and restricted capacity to reason, they additionally have numerous favorable circumstances over their human partners. These favorable circumstances merit investigating further.

Incorruptible

A robot can’t be affected or transformed from its way. Robot security watchmen are ethical and, along these lines, dissimilar to a few people, are not inclined to eagerness and can’t be purchased off. While some contend that robot security watchmen have a constrained limit for managing people and are deficient in sympathy, such robots can thoroughly uphold guidelines modified into them.

Cost Effective

Robots operate on batteries and are equipped for working for the life of the batteries. They can, subsequently, work all day, every day, without requiring lunch or latrine breaks. So long as their batteries are working they additionally keep up a 100 percent level of fixation. This implies the robot security gatekeeper is equipped for doing the work of a few watchmen, who might ordinarily work in movements. The running expenses of robots are generally less expensive than a proportionate human’s wages, which bodes well for organizations looking to streamline costs.

Vision

Robots utilize vision innovations. This ability empowers them to have ceaseless 360-degree vision, infrared vision and movement indicators. College of Oxford robots can overhaul their database maps to consider new questions. Robot vision is not influenced by tiredness, and article recognizable proof programming permits robots to perceive people and associate with them. Pictures caught by an automated security watchman can be spilled back to a PC and recorded.

Nonlethal Weaponry

Robot security monitors must be furnished to manage individuals in conceivably perilous circumstances. Numerous security robots have been fitted with nonlethal weapons, for example, smoke or steam emitters and paintball firearms. Robots right now can’t catch physically with troublemakers or gatecrashers, however the robots can ready human protects and convey restricted weaponry. Albeit, hypothetically, robots can be fitted with weapons and firearms that discharge energized darts to daze or immobilize a man, this has offered climb to moral predicaments (Wallcott. M, (2015).

The segment needs and the Corresponding features

The UAE youngsters expecting to make robots a piece of the homes without bounds The UAE kids intending to make robots a piece of the homes without bounds . Dubai turns to automatons for firefighting

Occupations

It’s official. The worldwide robot populace has come to 18.2 million. Not a simple design any more, it appears these new “visitors” are staying put. Indeed, the quantity of robots is becoming quicker than at any other time in recent memory some time recently. In 2007, there was one robot every 1,000 people. Today, there is one every 380 of us. Around the world, there are a greater number of robots than specialists or cops, while a large portion of the world’s robot populace possesses Japan. At the same time there’s no compelling reason to frenzy yet.

In what capacity will this “attack” influence our lives?

Some claim that robots will at last take away the officially few occupations that are cleared out. At the same time how about we not be guileless. Robots are one heck of a sort of machine. They are extremely lavish ones. On the off chance that we take a gander at the nations with the most robots – Japan, the US, Germany and Switzerland – insights demonstrate that they rank high on expectations for everyday comforts. Generally, those benchmarks were raised when robots were presented. Be that as it may just the nations that create them will advantage the most. New to numerous, the UAE is a regarded player in this worldwide race. The Dubai-claimed PAL-Robotics creates one of the few robots that can remain up to Honda’s renowned Asimo.

An in number deals pattern appears to demonstrate that the fate of mechanical autonomy, generally as with the PC upheaval, lies not in the modern fragment, however in the “individual” section. The Big Bang of mechanical autonomy won’t be modern machines that make things, yet robots that clean, review and do as such called “administrations” for us. In this manner, the enormous venture opportunity lays not in the current “IBM of mechanical technology”, however in the following Microsoft for robots. Also, the following next-Apple without bounds won’t offer applications for iPhones, however applications for “home robots” – household robots that will cost about Dh72,000. These applications will permit robots to wash the dishes, walk the canine, clean the auto and show kids how to play the piano. They will spare us time, which is the thing without bounds (Lopez. J.O, 2012).

The Product

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has courted much exposure over late years as the Middle East’s most cosmopolitan and element city. With a top of the line framework and negligible formality, the city is known as a simple spot to work together where a large number of the world’s biggest multinationals decide to position their local central station. Year-round daylight, political steadiness, social resilience, and copious lodging and recreational choices, has made it one of the world’s top traveler destinations.

Dubai’s broadly broadened and entrepreneurial economy includes more than 85 percent SMEs. In order to properly ground they host a mechanical autonomy and mechanization occasion to bolster the city’s hunger for innovation and venture its cutting edge picture. With the UAE’s blossoming development rate its application in autonomy and mechanization division is very nearly a growing. The UAE has effectively executed various mechanized administrations in the most recent five years. Dubai Metro is the world’s longest completely computerized driverless metro system. In Abu Dhabi (the UAE’s capital city) Khalifa University has concocted the FLOAT (Free Levitation for Overground Active Training) framework that can help individuals with development inabilities. Dubai International Financial Center has the world’s biggest mechanized stopping office.”

“UAE government and security administrations are utilizing automatons for fringe reconnaissance and conveyances, and there is robotized warehousing inside the logistics and framework parts.”

There was a buzz from the minute RTEX opened its entryways. Drawing just about 2,500 guests over the three days, more than 30 exhibitors showed robot advances extending from human services, instruction, mechanical and space applications through to land overviews and reconnaissance checking.

rtex dubai 44

There were college stands kept an eye on by understudies showcasing their own particular automaton models. Some were anticipating going after The UAE Drone for Good Award, an acceptable show of the nation’s dedication to building up its mechanical technology industry. A substantial extent of guests were innovation understudy bunches.

Inside the classes program which extended over the three days was a remarkable presentation by Dr Pedro Sousa from Portugese firm, Holos, on the organization’s creative new observation item, ServRobot.

With 20 years’ involvement in mechanical exploration ventures, Holos is no more abnormal to apply autonomy. It has created canny satellite checking and information gathering frameworks, and also approaches to gather climate information from the sun. All the more as of late the organization has added to a penetrating device for the most recent Mars investigation venture.

servrobot

Holos’ most recent endeavor, ServRobot, is a self-sufficient administration robot versatile to diverse sorts of use, territory and natural conditions.

As of now it is being used in Europe and Angola, despite the fact that Sousa declined to say what number of were in operation. Applications incorporate the investigation of force stations, checking for pipeline uprightness (running along the surface, not inside which requires other apparatus), the observation of open spaces, and the observing of oilfields. This incorporates recognizing flames, spills, gas spillages and gatecrashers.

As opposed to offering ServRobot in made structure, Holos offers the patent for particular segments or setups to its customers. “After that the customer can deliver much as it needs, or fuse the same parts into its own items,” clarified Sousa. “At the same time the customer must have fabricating abilities.”

The improvement methodology drew in different individuals from a few nations, and included interfaces with PhD understudies from colleges crosswise over Europe. At an expense of around US$1 million each to deliver, ServRobot innovative work activities are co-financed by Holos, other Portuguese organizations and the European Union.

ServRobot’s different PCs give computerized reasoning, permitting it to peruse its surroundings while minimizing the requirement for human mediation. Its distinctive sensors (counting warmth, cams, lasers and ultrasonic) empower it to gather data it needs to meet its goals.

Being versatile to various different conditions, claims Holos, is the thing that separates ServRobot from other mechanical frameworks which are frequently intended for certain parts.

An alternate application is to move payload inside a military situation, or convey loads up structures under development. In the recent case it rises the building through the current structures utilized for development. With 30 watts of force, it can transport heaps of up to around 143 pounds with up to a 5 percent most extreme incline.

dubai silicon desert garden

ServRobot’s development can be enacted in diverse ways. One is utilizing a situated of predefined hand flags that give particular charges, for example, begin and stop, and which additionally set the way to remembered historic points.

It can likewise be radio-controlled by joystick, or move self-governingly when given a target coordinate. It will attempt to achieve its objective by the most immediate course, while identifying and moving around hindrances it may experience.

Holos has a little office in one of the city’s tech center points, Dubai Silicon Oasis, and a humble vicinity up to this point, in spite of the fact that it is wanting to develop its provincial vicinity over the long run.

RTEX, van Huyssteen feels, was a reverberating accomplishment, with guests effectively asking about one year from now’s occasion: “Not long from now we firmly centered around innovation that can give answers for a more intelligent and more practical method for living. From the second RTEX onwards we would like to include segments that address the stark requirement for supportability and environmentalism.”

On leaving the occasion, we were given a duplicate of The Young Vision, a UAE youth training magazine, with RTEX emphasized strikingly on the title page and containing an exceptional peculiarity on apply autonomy and robotization. In the event that RTEX 2014 summed up anything, it was the means by which it caught the creative energy of a more youthful era which as of now is driving the drive towards mechanical technology in the UAE (Atkinson. M (2014).

Competitor Review

As per another study by Grand View Research, Inc., worldwide versatile apply autonomy market development can be ascribed to expanded reception in military & barrier applications. Commercialization of computerized autos because of mechanical headway in portable apply autonomy is required to drive the business sector through the following six years. Good administrative situation, including supports and awards for advancing the apply autonomy industry is likewise anticipated that would absolutely affect the worldwide business.

Accessibility of open source stages coupled with lessening in sensor and cam costs is relied upon to impel interest for residential versatile robots, for example, vacuum cleaners and yard cutters. Lack of specialists furnished with the ability sets needed for R&D may represent a test to versatile mechanical technology market development. Generally low market entrance coupled with developing interest from end-use businesses is relied upon to be a development open door for key industry members.

The portable mechanical technology market for administration applications is relied upon to witness high development over the gauge period. Proficient robots ruled the general administration apply autonomy market, with an expansive number of utilizations in protection and agrarian applications. Expanding use in individual aid and for therapeutic purposes, for example, in medication conveyance, is required to be good for the individual mechanical technology market. In the modern fragment, warehousing & circulation is relied upon to remain the key business sector; different applications basically incorporate painting, covering, and examination.

Asia Pacific was the predominant territorial market in 2013; it is further anticipated that would keep being the business pioneer through the following six years. Expanded reception of versatile robots in mechanical, farming, and restorative applications has driven territorial portable apply autonomy market development (Sharma, 2015).

Channel and logistic Review

Distribution: Channels and Logistics

Distribution (also known as the place variable in the marketing mix, or the 4 Ps) involves getting the product from the manufacturer to the ultimate consumer. Distribution is often a much underestimated factor in marketing. Many marketers fall for the trap that if you make a better product, consumers will buy it. The problem is that retailers may not be willing to devote shelf-space to new products. Retailers would often rather use that shelf-space for existing products have that proven records of selling.

Although many firms advertise that they save the consumer money by selling “direct” and “eliminating the middleman,” this is a dubious claim in most instances. The truth is that intermediaries, such as retailers and wholesalers, tend to add efficiency because they can do specialized tasks better than the consumer or the manufacturer. Because wholesalers and retailers exist, the consumer can buy one pen at a time in a store located conveniently rather than having to order it from a distant factory. Thus, distributors add efficiency by:

Breaking bulk—the consumer can buy small quantities at a time. Small and modest scale retailers (e.g., the USC bookstore) can buy modest quantities. This service reduces quantity discrepancy in the supply-demand relationship between manufacturers and end customers.

Consolidation and Distribution. It would be highly inconvenient for customers to have to buy each product at a different store. Most American consumers today also have limited patience with specialty stores in most categories. Rather than having to go to one store to buy produce, one store to buy meat, and other stores for other household products, there is considerable value in having everything available in a supermarket. The consumers can buy at a neighborhood store, which in turn can buy from a regional warehouse. It would also be very inconvenient for supermarkets and most other retailers to have to receive deliveries individually from each manufacturer. Wholesalers consolidate products from different manufacturers so that a large number of different products can be received in one shipment. This reduces costs by increasing the efficiency with which products can be (1) delivered and (2) received. Consolidation and distribution services offered by wholesalers reduce the assortment discrepancy between manufacturers on the one hand and local retailers and consumers on the other. NOTE: Some very large retail chains such as Wal-Mart may be able to handle distribution more effectively than outside wholesalers. Wal-Mart often insists on sales directly to the chain from the manufacturer rather than sales through wholesalers. This is the exception to the rule since Wal-Mart is large enough to be able to handle distribution itself rather than going through retailers. It should be noted that Wal-Mart has made very large investments to make this possible, and these capabilities have taken a long time to develop. Wal-Mart had a very difficult time breaking into the grocery business—especially for perishable items—and took several years to perfect this capability.

Carrying inventory. This service reduces the temporal discrepancy between

Manufacturers who may need to schedule production at relatively constant levels and consumers who need certain products only at certain times (e.g., turkeys needed mostly at Thanksgiving and Christmas)

Financing. Certain small manufacturers may have difficulty waiting for payment until goods are sold to the end-customer. Wholesalers and retailers may negotiate lower prices from the manufacturer in return for quick payment.

Many of the cost savings associated with having an efficient system of intermediaries result from specialization. Manufacturers specialize in what they do well—manufacturing products—while others specialize in handling various phases of the distribution path. Some specialize in retailing—usually selling a large assortment of goods in small quantities to a large number of end customers. Wholesalers, in turn, specialize in moving and goods from numerous manufacturers to a large number of retailers.

Channel structures vary somewhat by the nature of the product.

Jet aircraft are custom made and shipped directly to the airline. Automobiles, because they are difficult to move, are shipped directly to a dealer. Other products are shipped through a wholesaler who can more efficiently handle, and combine, products from many different suppliers. Several layers of wholesalers may exist, depending on the product. Occasionally, agents may also be involved. Agents usually do not handle products, but instead take care of the business aspect of negotiating with distributors, which manufacturers may feel uncomfortable or ill prepared for doing themselves.

“Wheel of Retailing.” An interesting phenomenon that has been consistently observed in the retail world is the tendency of stores to progressively add to their services. Many stores have started out as discount facilities but have gradually added services that customers have desired. For example, the main purpose of shopping at establishments like Costco and Sam’s Club is to get low prices. These stores have, however, added a tremendous number of services—e.g., eye examinations, eye glass prescription services, tire installation, insurance services, upscale coffee, and vaccinations.

Wheel of Retailing

MANUFACTURER DISTRIBUTION PREFERENCES

Most manufacturers would prefer to have their products distributed widely—that is, for the products to be available in as many stores as possible. This is especially the case for convenience products where the customer has little motivation to go to a less convenient retail outlet to get his or her preferred brand. Soft drinks would be an extreme example here. The vast majority of people would settle for their less preferred brand in a vending machine rather than going elsewhere to get their top choice. This is one reason why being a small share brand in certain categories can become a vicious cycle that perpetuates itself.

For most manufacturers, wide distribution is not realistically obtainable. In food product categories, for example, the larger supermarkets can carry a large number of brands. Smaller convenience stores and warehouse stores, however, are likely to carefully pick a few brands. After all, if convenience stores were to carry as many products as supermarkets, the purpose of having a neighborhood store with easy entry and exit would be defeated.

In a very small number of cases, some manufacturers prefer to have their products selectively, or even exclusively, distributed. This is usually the case for high prestige brands (e.g., Estee Lauder) or premium quality image brands (e.g., high end electronic products) that require considerable before and after sales service.

DISTRIBUTION INTERESTS: RETAILERS VS. MANUFACTURERS

Manufacturers of different kinds of products have different interests with respect to the availability of their products. For convenience products such as soft drinks, it is essential that your product be available widely. Chances are that if a store does not have a consumer’s preferred brand of soft drinks, the consumer will settle for another brand rather than taking the trouble to go to another store. Occasionally, however, manufacturers will prefer selective distribution since they prefer to have their products available only in upscale stores.

Parallel distribution structures refer to the fact that products may reach consumers in different ways. Most products flow through the traditional manufacturer – -> retailer –> consumer channel. Certain large chains may, however, demand to buy directly from the manufacturer since they believe they can provide the distribution services at a lower cost themselves. In turn, of course, they want lower prices, which may anger the traditional retailers who feel that this represents unfair competition. Firms may also choose to utilize factory outlet stores. To allay concerns held by conventional stores, however, these factory outlet stores are usually located in areas where they are not easily accessible.

We must consider what is realistically available to each firm. A small manufacturer of potato chips would like to be available in grocery stores nationally, but this may not be realistic. We need to consider, then, both who will be willing to carry our products and whom we would actually like to carry them. In general, for convenience products, intense distribution is desirable, but only brands that have a certain amount of power—e.g., an established brand name—can hope to gain national intense distribution. Note that for convenience goods, intense distribution is less likely to harm the brand image—it is not a problem, for example, for Haagen Dazs to be available in a convenience store along with bargain brands—it is expected that people will not travel much for these products, so they should be available anywhere the consumer demands them. However, in the category of shopping goods, having Rolex watches sold in discount stores would be undesirable—here, consumers do travel, and goods are evaluated by customers to some extent based on the surrounding merchandise.

In general, a brand can expect lesser distribution in its early stages—fewer retailers are motivated to carry it. Similarly, when a product category is new, it will be available in fewer stores—e.g., in the early days, computer disks were available only in specialty stores, but now they can be found in supermarkets and convenience stores as well. Certain products that are not well established may have to get their start on “infomercials,” only slowly getting entry into other types out outlets. (Please see PowerPoint chart).

Different parties involved in the marketing of products tend to have different, and often conflicting, interests:

Full service retailers tend dislike intensive distribution.

Low service channel members can “free ride” on full service sellers.

Manufacturers may be tempted toward intensive distribution—appropriate only for some; may be profitable in the short run.

Market balance suggests a need for diversity in product categories where intensive distribution is appropriate.

Service requirements differ by product category.

Diversion occurs when merchandise intended for one market is bought up by a distributor that then ships it to a different market. Sometimes, a manufacturer will run a promotion in one region but not in another, and speculators will then buy extra quantity in the promoted area and ship it another area. The speculator will then sell it to local retailers or distributors for a price slightly lower than what is being charged through the regular channel but at a price that still allows a nice profit. Certain products sell for different prices in different countries. As we discussed in the unit of international marketing, a gray market occurs when a product is bought in one country and exported to another where the price is generally higher. Both Louis Vuitton suitcases and golf clubs were imported to Japan, depressing prices there.

Recent retail trends. Over the past decade, there has been considerable growth in both extremes of the continuum from low price, low service to high price, high service retailers. There has been considerably growth both in the Wal-Mart and Nordstrom-type retailers than there has been in between.

For some time, during difficult economic times in the mid 2000s, discount stores like Wal-Mart actually tended to increase sales as consumers seemed to switch their purchases of the same products from higher priced to lower priced stores rather than reducing the quantity and quality bought in the product categories. It appears that consumers have done most of the switching that can be reasonably done this

Administrative and Personnel Investigations

Name

Institution

Course

Tutor

Date

Abstract

It can not be disputed that administration and personnel investigations are important roles that the security personnel play in any given organization. Administrative roles seek to enhance efficiency and improve the performance of the security personnel. Investigations are viable in problem resolution as they provide objective information upon which decision making is based. In all instances, investigators need to conform to the conditions and guidelines that are established by the organization. Usually, investigations present varied challenges especially because circumstances differ considerably. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of administrative roles by the security manning the warehouse. In addition, it underscores an objective procedure that needs to be followed by the security when carrying out investigations.

Administrative and Personnel Investigations

Administration of security issues and conducting of personnel investigations is at the core of security concerns in the warehouse. These should be pursued in an effective manner in order to enhance the security of the products in the warehouse as well as the occupants therein. Certainly, proper administration and conducting of investigations enables the organization to confront security concerns with ease. In addition, it helps this organization to address employee misconduct and facilitate assumption of acceptable behavior. This needs to be attained without compromising employee productivity or damaging personnel morale. The following guidelines should be followed in pursuing this goal.

Effective administration of security issues in the warehouse if of paramount importance for this organization. This is because it enhances efficiency and ensures that all activities are carried out in an effective and timely manner. This is essential for attainment of optimal outputs for any organization. Electronic facilities in the warehouse need to be monitored accordingly. This can be attained if security matters are coordinated in an effective manner. In this regard, it would be important for the security personnel to clearly define the roles of each employee (Curtis & McBride, 2004). It would also be useful for any security information to be stored safely and effectively for easy retrieval when need arises. Most importantly, all security personnel need to uphold professional ethics and follow guidelines accordingly.

With respect to personnel investigations, there are distinct guidelines that should be adhered to when undertaking this. These are objective and aim at limiting allegations of discrimination, harassment, dishonesty, insubordination and retaliation. According to Sloan (2008), they are procedural and start with recognizing when an investigation is required. The need for an investigation is in most instances informed by violation of rules, employee misconduct, filing of a complaint, reporting of a questionable scenario and so forth. This is followed by establishment of the goals of the investigation. In most instances, the primary objective of any investigation entails providing factual and sound evidence.

The security personnel then proceed to determination of who undertakes the investigation. The investigator needs to have sufficient experience, skills and knowledgeable of the legal dynamics and organizational rules governing investigations (Sloan, 2008). This is followed by the identification of witnesses as well as documents. Witness and document identification should be done immediately in order to avoid delays that can compromise the attainment of credible evidence. Then, the investigator proceeds to listing important questions as well as interviewing techniques. These should seek to elicit as much information as possible about the problem. After interviews, investigators need to compile the information and employ it in viable decision making.

References

Curtis, G. & McBride, B. (2004). Proactive security administration. New York: Prentice Hall.

Sloan, J. (2008). Conducting effective personnel investigations: An in depth manual for California public sector employers. USA: CreateSpace.

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Administrative Decentralization

Administrative decentralization refers to the redistribution of responsibility, authority and financial resources in an organization, taking on three forms: devolution, delegation and deconcentration (Dubois & Fattore, 2009). In devolution, authority when it comes to decision making, management and finance are actually transferred to quasi autonomous units. Deconcentration on the other hand entails redistributing management and decision making authority amongst different levels of management, with the overall supervision being done by the central management. The final form, delegation, entails the transfer of administration and decision making responsibility to semi autonomous units, which are ultimately accountable to the central government. In local emergency services, administrative decentralization has a number of potential benefits and pitfalls. The benefits however outweigh the pitfalls, making administrative decentralization a necessity in emergency services (Cohen & Peterson, n.d).

Foremost amongst the benefits is the potential it has to improve efficiency and effectiveness. Emergency services usually entail important decision making situations that require the quick, effective and efficient choices, as in most cases, lives are saved based on whether or not decisions were made in a timely manner. It is no different when it comes to administrative decisions, as the need to have a number of independent units capable of functioning on their own cannot be overemphasized.

In cases where the type of emergencies to be dealt with are known and clearly outlined, deconcentration may serve as the best model to adopt, as with uniform guidelines, operations at all the various units can be harmonized, due to the management chain being one, with particular protocols being put in place. Decentralization in this case, could actually improve effectiveness and efficiency in the sense that operations can be ran from the point of service, making the unit more effective when it comes to acquisition of required infrastructure and human resources, which may vary from one point to another. A good example would be the fire fighting department, after setting up uniform recruitment, operation and procurement procedures, each individual fire station would then be allowed to operate independently, and procure equipment or recruit according to its needs, making it more efficient and effective. Even in cases where the type of emergencies being dealt with are known, the need for administrative decentralization is still present, due to the fact that various areas experience emergencies at different frequencies and of different magnitudes, making it necessary for each unit to be flexible and malleable depending on its location.

For emergency services that respond to adhoc emergencies, decentralization is very important, first due to the importance of timely responses, and the need for prompt decision making. The need for prompt decisions therefore means that decentralization occurs not just at administrative level, but also in the level of authority accorded the field teams. In this case, discretion is usually not just applicable to human resources and procurement, but also to regulation. Due to the unpredictable nature of adhoc emergencies, the need for leniency when it comes to decision making is paramount, as most situations usually present unique challenges which require not just prompt but unique solutions. As such, it is therefore important that even the decision making process is decentralized for the field teams to be able to work effectively.

The abrupt nature of all emergencies further underlines the need for decentralization, as a distribution of roles ensures that the organizations are constantly ready to handle any emergencies that might arise, regardless of the personnel present. Decentralization also results in increased accountability, as a larger group of people are held accountable for the smooth running of the organization, a factor that definitely impacts performance and therefore leads to efficient operations and even more transparency.

There however are pitfalls associated with administrative decentralization, foremost amongst them being the potential failures at local level due to weak technical or administrative abilities of those delegated to. Even though decentralization redistributes authority, it actually requires that the individual being delegated to have strong administrative abilities, otherwise the system would fail. This also applies to field operations, in that if the field respondents do not have the requisite technical and administrative abilities, operations will suffer in cases of decentralization. In addition, decentralization makes control and distribution of financial resources much more difficult, more so if the resources are scarce. This therefore means that the quality of services might actually not be the same throughout the locality, due to the fact that distribution of resources might not be equal. Furthermore, this skewed distribution may also lead to compromised efficiency and effectiveness in some areas. In cases where the emergency requires widespread efforts, coordination might actually be more difficult and complex, a major disadvantage considering that emergency services usually require swift responses (Mullins, 2004).

While pitfalls do exist, there is no doubting that decentralization in local emergency services is actually a necessity, although the most prudent approach would be deconcentration, which would allow for some degree of central control and effective coordination. This would therefore allow for local emergency services to enjoy the benefits of decentralization, such as improved effectiveness and efficiency, while eliminating the potentially avoidable pitfalls, as most of the people authority is distributed to, would have proven track records within the organization.

References

Cohen, J., & Peterson, S. (n.d). Administrative Decentralization: A New Framework forImproved Governance, Accountability, and Performance. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.cid.harvard.edu/hiid/582.pdf” http://www.cid.harvard.edu/hiid/582.pdf

Dubois, H., & Fattore, G. (2009). Definitions and typologies in public administration research:the case of decentralization. International Journal of Public Administration 32(8), 704727.

Mullins, D. (2004). Accountability and Coordination in a Decentralized Context: Institutional,Fiscal and Governance Issues. Retrieved from. HYPERLINK “http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/decentralization/June21seminar/LiteratureReview.pdf” http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/decentralization/June21seminar/LiteratureReview.pdf

Administrative Law Case Analysis

Name

InstitutionAdministrative Law Case Analysis

A by-law can be defined to mean rules and regulations set enacted by a local government authority or a corporation with an aim of governing only that area. Bylaws can also be defined as laws enacted or passed by the local authority. The paper seeks to investigate the legality of the by-law enacted in the facts provided, and rise legal issues identified in the problem, as well as resolving the particular issues identified. Lastly, the paper is also meant to devise the remedies to the infringed parties and the situation.

Brief facts

Tabitha, a business lady ventures into the transport business, a gesture which is welcomed by the society because of the advantages the business promises to offer. First of all her single horse chariot reduces traffic jam in the city, it also attracts more tourists to the city. Abner Kravitz, a brother to the city mayor, convinces the mayor to pass a by-law stopping Tabitha to carry on her business because Abner Kravitz is engaged in the same business therefore he is fearing competition. Another by-law is created and it aids the city authority to take land which has been used to rear the horses.

Legal issues

Whether the bylaws enacted are valid and legally acceptable

Whether there possible remedies available for Tabitha

Whether the judge who was an animal activist will be on the bench that will hear the matter

What would be the possible defense for the decisions of the local authority?

Law applicable

The Canadian Constitution

The municipal government Act

Canada corporations Act part II

Common principals

Resolution of issues

Whether the bylaws enacted are valid and legally acceptable

Basically, there are several requirements that have to be conformed to for the by-law to be valid, of which failure would render the law a nullity. In every municipal, there must a body of authority governing the enactment of by-laws and the implementation of those laws enacted by the legislature of the nation. Section 151 of the municipal government Act provides for the procedures of passing a by-law by the municipal authority, it provides for a number of people or members who are required to be present. Failure to conform to the provision of this particular section, the passed by-law stands the chances of being challenged under section536 of the same Act.

In the instant facts, the council had “a closed door” meeting, thus no one can check the provisions that were violated. The Act does not provide for a closed door meeting, the number should not be below that required by the Act breach of which renders the resolution of such an authority invalid. Section 149 provides that for a by-law to be considered valid, it must be at least 180 days before the general meeting from which it will take effect and subsection 3 of the same Act provides that such a by-law must be advertised. From the facts provided, the by-law was not advertised andTabitha was caught unaware of any law regarding her business. Therefore, this by-law at common and in accordance with the municipal government Act is regarded a nullity.

Whether there possible remedies available for Tabitha

In common law, there is no wrong that goes without a remedy. Any infringement must have a remedy or else the doctrines of equity have to devise a probable remedy. Section 536 of the municipal government Act gives a provision for challenging a by-law that an individual does not feel comfortable with. Subsection 1(a) the same section states that any person may apply to the Queens bench that the by-law or the any kind of resolution passed is a nullity or invalid. (b) Also provide for a different remedy of repealing the law or amending it basing on what the court deems fit for the problem to be resolved. Therefore, in the facts provided and depending on the observations made above, it is clear that the process of passing the by-laws is full of irregularities, which are inconsistent with the municipal government Act.

The most appropriate remedy to apply in judicial review for the facts is prohibition. Prohibition is a court order which renders a given law or resolution of any authority or public officer invalid. This order implies that no subject is bound by the quashed order. With the facts provided it means that once the Queen’s Bench court issues this order, Tabitha will not be bound by the by-law.

Whether the judge who is an animal activist will be on the bench that will hear the matter

The other question that would arise is whether the judge who is an animal activist will be on the bench that will hear the matter. Any qualified judge can adjudicate any matter brought before him in the chambers or court of law. However, there are various issues that can be put forward that can disqualify a judge from hearing a matter. The standard for any trial in court is natural justice, and one of the principals of natural justice is fair hearing and being impartial. In the facts, it is established that one of the judges who are going to hear the application is a former activist for animals’ rights. As such, he cannot sit on the bench since he is biased to the application or he already has a side in the case.

The other remedy for Derwood Bay First Nation is section 15 of the municipal government Act this section provides that any one infringed by the municipal bylaws can apply to the land board to issue an order the vacation of the particular land or compensating the land owner. This is because with the facts provided, a piece of land occupied by Derwood Bay Nations is being taken over by the city authority under a new by-law enacted.

What would be the possible defenses for the decisions of the municipal authority?

In conclusion, the municipal authority would have some defence though in the end it will be the court to decide whether the defence will be successful. First, the authority will advise court not to rely on Tabitha’s claim of lack of knowledge because it is a general rule at common law that ignorance of the law is not a defense, it is her duty to know where to find the law as good citizen. Secondly, since the meeting was a closed door meeting how would one allege closed door meeting the irregularities yet know one attended. In summary, those are the few probable defenses the municipal authority would afford in the courts of law.

Administrative Law – Procedural Fairness

Name of Student

Name of Institution

Administrative Law – Procedural Fairness

The Migration Act sets out the responsibility of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) in a simple and precise manner – offering a review process that is just, fair, fast, and economical. In addition, the Act stipulates that the RRT should not be bound by the rules of evidence, legal forms or any other technicalities in carrying out its responsibility. The RRT should strictly operate based on substantial justice and the circumstances and merits of the case at hand. Although the legal forms or technicalities such as those dominating the Evidence Act do not bind the RRT, the common practice has seen the tribunal bound by its legal forms and technicalities. These developments arose after certain common law principles were codified in the Migration Act. These are principles touching on procedural fairness and more so the hearing rule.

The amendments to the Migration Act brought on board several provisions that require all relevant sections therein exhaustively to state the elements of the hearing rule of natural justice in light of the matter under consideration. In effecting the codification, the Memorandum attached thereto explained that the inclusions were meant to get rid of the legal uncertainties arising from the use of non-codified common law principles while not interfering with the decision-making procedures, which should be efficient, fair, and legally certain.

The Government of Australia in 2008 established an alternative review process to facilitate the determination of unauthorized maritime arrivals who sought review of administrative decisions that denied them the grant of protection visa. This alternative process ceased to exist in 2012. The striking thing about the review mechanism was the requirement for the application of the definitions in the Refugee Convention outlined in the Migration Act. However, this requirement did not stress the adherence to procedural fairness rules codified in the Act – the common law principles were to apply generally.

The Hearing Rule

As part of the rules of natural justice, the hearing rule stipulates that any person who feels adversely affected by any administrative decision should be allowed an opportunity to be heard, be informed of the substance of their case, and be allowed an opportunity to reply to answers given by the hearing body (Banister n.d.). Going by the common law, it is not mandatory to give an oral hearing to the adversely affected person as a measure of complying with the hearing rule principle. However, the Migration Act makes it a mandatory requirement for Tribunal to give the applicant an oral hearing. The oral hearing can only be dispensed with under three circumstances. The first circumstance is where the applicant agrees not to attend the oral hearing. The second circumstance is where the tribunal can reach a decision in the favor of the applicant by relying solely on the papers. The last circumstance is where the applicant does not respond to an invitation to comment on certain information provided pursuance to the Migration Act.

The oral hearing is to be structured in a precise way as provided in the Act. The first requirement is for the hearing to be conducted in private though videoconferencing and telephone could be used where appropriate. Before the hearing proceeds, the applicant is required to take an oath of affirmation. In addition, the tribunal could bring on board an interpreter to aid the proceedings especially where the applicant speaks a foreign language not understood by the tribunal. Failure by the court to hire an interpreter or to allow the applicant enough time to make submissions or give evidence on issues touching on the matter under review is an outright breach of the obligations of hearing (Banister, n.d.).

The other power bestowed on the tribunal is to summons anyone to appear before it and produce documents. However, this authority can only be applied where the person is within the borders of Australia. The power has been exercised in most cases when the tribunal requires certain documents in the possession of the Department. Further, the applicant should be the only party to the proceedings of the tribunal. In giving evidence, the applicant is not to be represented by counsel or any other person. In addition, the applicant should not conduct any examination or cross-examination in the proceedings. These provisions eliminate legal forms and technicalities. However, it has been common for applicants to bring on board legal representatives and migration agents before the tribunal to assist them in the proceedings. A possible explanation for this is that the court recognizes that the applicant should seek assistance so that he or she can benefit fully from the opportunity to present arguments and give evidence (Banister, n.d.). Situations may arise where the applicant lacks the capacity to make sense of the proceedings and complex law and facts involved in the case.

The applicant’s counsel could help make suggestions to the tribunal about issues that ought to be brought to its attention and which the applicant does not comprehend. The counsel should do so through oral and written submissions. Where a witness appears before the tribunal, the evidence should be taken under oath or affirmation. Such a witness or legal representative cannot be examined or cross-examined by the applicant. The RRT is not an adversarial body; it is inquisitorial. Its failure to conduct an inquiry into a fact whose existence is obvious and largely linked to the results of the matter could be deemed a jurisdictional error. However, it is not the duty of the tribunal to frame the applicant’s case or modify it in any way whatsoever. The tribunal should decide the case based on the applicant’s presentation.

Adverse Information

The Migration Act prescribes how adverse information should be put to an applicant. Adverse information is any information that wholly or partly would guide the court in affirming the application. The Act sets out what qualifies for adverse information. Precisely, the Act provides that the tribunal is obliged to give applicants written particulars of adverse information and invite applicants to respond to or comment on the same. The tribunal must give clear particulars to the applicant. Secondly, the client understands the relevance of the information to the proceedings at hand and the consequences thereof.

Certain information is exempted from the range of adverse information. The first category is information that does not entail the applicant specifically but as a member of a class of persons. The second category is information provided by the applicant to aid in the application. The third category is written information given by the applicant in the previous proceedings. The third category is any non-diclosable information. General country information that could guide the tribunal in reaching a determination and which is deemed adverse should not necessarily be put to the applicant. On the contrary, common law does not exempt country information from the list of adverse information.

The High Court determined in PlaintiffM61/2010E v Cth of Australia that the determination of refugee status for maritime arrivals should follow the Maritime Act in addition to the common law principles of procedural fairness. The same position was taken in SAAP v MIMIA. In the latter case, the applicant was unable to read and understand English because that was a foreign language. Moreover, the applicant was in immigration detention. The tribunal put the evidence of the applicant’s daughter orally to the applicant at the hearing with the applicant’s consent. On appeal, it was held that the applicant had failed to comply with the provisions of the Act by failing to put the daughter’s evidence in writing.

Ms. Lat’s Case

The scenario provided reveals outright denial of procedural fairness as far as the hearing rule principles mentioned above are concerned. The tribunal did not adhere to its obligations under the Act, which revolve around offering a review process that is just, fair, fast, and economical. The tribunal leaned more on the meaning of refugee as applied in the refugee status determination, that is, the requirement of a well-founded fear of persecution. The determination itself is not a problem; the manner in which the determination was reached is.

Ms. Lat could have been allowed an opportunity to bring on board a legal representative owing to the fact that the matter at hand involved complex questions of law and fact. As it turned out, Ms. Lat was not endowed with the capacity to unravel the kind of proof needed for her case despite having undergone through persecution in Suma. The counsel would have availed all evidence in weighty proportions to push Ms. Lats’s case to success. In addition, the tribunal was in possession of adverse information – recent reports to the UN from an independent agency in Suma that detailed measures the Suman government had taken to protect ethnic Gonstrianians – but it did not invite Ms. Lat to respond to or comment on the same. There is minimal doubt that the trial was swayed by this piece of information in making its determination of the case.

The tribunal is inquisitorial by its very nature. It is suspicious why the member did not ask Ms. Lat anything about the persecution claims. The social and political circumstances in Suma were at the heart of the hearing, but the member ignored the same. In addition, the country information was critical to the determination of the case, but the member questioned nothing about such information. The inquisitorial nature of the tribunal becomes questionable due to such deliberate ignorance. Ms. Lat is not acquainted with the tribunal processes. Consequently, she could not know the kind of information the tribunal needed to make a fair and just determination. The situation worsens further because the Department furnished the tribunal with all relevant information it needed to determine the case.

In conclusion, the tribunal was in breach of the hearing rule principles of natural justice. The decision, therefore, should be quashed. Ms. Lat may not have proven a well-founded fear of persecution, but she deserved to be heard in a procedurally fair way. The tribunal should not have overstepped its statutory obligations in dispensing with cases in a just, fair, fast, and economical way.

Reference

Banister (n.d.) Natural Justice.

ADMINISTRATIVE POLICIES

CASE ANALYSIS

MGT 498

** Your paper should reflect your very best effort, demonstrating the completion of most core requirements in a business degree.

CASE ANALYSIS FORMAT

** Paper must be typed and double spaced

** Cover page:Case name (company)

Course Name/Number (MGT 498)

Semester/Year

Listing author’s name

** Include a Table of Contents

** Paper must be typed using word processing – double space

** Length of paper will vary, but complete a thorough analysis.

** Paper must be written as single external analysis

** Narrative should support and explain the meaning, relevance, and conclusions of charts/graphs/matrixes

** All charts/graphs/matrixes must be presented in Appendices in APA7 format

** Submit ONE copy of the paper on the assigned due date via Sakai & in LiveText

** Timeliness is crucial; NO excuses and NO exceptions concerning due date

Each paper should include the following tools to help in analyzing, evaluating and

recommending:

IFE&EFE

SWOT Matrix

TOWS Matrix

SPACE Matrix

Porter Model

Financial Ratios

Conclusions and recommendations

** These are tools in the Strategic Planning Process, not substitutes for

integrating analysis and intuition.

** Although this is a case analysis, all papers will be written using APA7 format

Admiralty Law

Admiralty law, which is also called maritime law, is a body of both domestic and private international law that governs marine offences and malpractices (Jason, Chuah, 2011). The law governs marine activities like, commerce, shipping, seaman, cargo and passengers towage, peers, wharves, docks, insurance, maritime lines and inland waters (Schoenbaum, Thomas, Jessica, and McClellan 2012). This law is different from the law of the sea which is the body of public international law that governs navigational rights, mineral rights, jurisdiction of coastal waters, and international relations. The major role of admiralty law is to govern the relationship between private and public enterprises that operate ships or all kinds of vessels on the sea (Schoenbaum, Thomas, 2011). Admiralty laws bind the ship owners to take the responsibility of taking reasonable care for passengers injured while on the ship, and also take liability for damage of cargo or the ship itself while on shipment. All involved bodies in shipment of cargo like banks and vendors find a way through the admiralty courts to sue or file a lien against the ship owner to ensure that he/she pays them incases where they loan money or provide the goods or fuel (Costello, Kevin, 2010).

From the facts in the essay non-cargo related liabilities which arise include, injured seaman, ship collisions, and maritime pollution.

The case provides that the master and the crew of the seeker were rescued by a passing passenger ferry which was moving to the nearby Isle of Wight. Due to collision both ships also were damaged badly whereby the seeker was extensively damaged losing all its cargo and Tripoli was also damaged but some cargo were recovered.

Another non-cargo liability is pollution of the marine water. Tripoli was carrying harmful drugs pesticide and when they collided some containers with the pesticides fell into the sea hence polluting the environment

Ship collation is another liability that must be prosecuted. Tripoli lost control due to double wave and collided with seeker ship causing an accident.

The police closed off the beach area preventing people from reaching to a local sea-front café. This could are trespass on the property of the hotel and the police are liable to answer. The above information is heavily evidenced and supported by the case that prevailed between HYPERLINK “http://www.admiraltylawguide.com/circt/1stpaparo.pdf”Paparo verses M/V ETERNITY, First Circuit Court of Appeals, January 5, 2006 , Longshore & Harbor Workers’ Act also the case between Boating and PWC (Personal Watercraft, Jetski) Accidents has got valuable information to support the argument above on non-cargo liabilities.

How should any of the injured parties affect their claim?

Garnat trading & shipping (Singapore) pte ltd & an or v baominh insurance corporation [2011] ewca civ 773: court: court of appeal (civil division) (england and wales)

Alongshore & Harbor Workers’ Act:

This case which occurred in January 2011 supports the following argument.

Under admiralty the ship owner is under the obligation to take care and provide medical care, free of charge to a seaman injured while working for the ship until the seaman attains maximum medical improvement. The obligation to take care of the sea man includes providing medical care or medical devises that will in one way or another try to improve his ability to function. Passengers who are injured while aboard on the ship may effect their claim by suing the ship owner since he owes them a duty of reasonable care (Maraist, Frank, Thomas, Galligan, and Catherine, Marist. 2010).

The injured passengers may effect their claim against the ship owners given that they have been injured by negligence of third party. If the passengers manage to prove that the ship owner was negligent then their claim is admissible by court (Force, Robert, Yiannopoulos, and Martin Davies2008).

Any one party who feels that mutiny or any other form of crime has been conducted on his/her and has tangible evidence then he is permissible to sue the offender before admiralty courts. Alleged violation of rules governing the shipping lane, rights-of-way maritime contracts and commerce by one party provides a basis for the offended party to seek a court order / hearing for protection of his/ her rights (Robertson, David, Steven, Friedell, and Michael, Sturley 2008).

UK case admiralty case in the link below has best lessons to draw from concerning salvage costs of the vessel. Its verdict is interesting and can greatly help in future decisions on such cases.

HYPERLINK “http://www.paclii.org/fj/cases/FJHC/2000/204.html” CKP Fishing Company Ltd v Owners of Motor Vessel Woo Yang [2000] FJHC 204; HBG0001J.1998S (20 January 2000) ADMIRALTY – Arrest of Ships- Priority ranking on sale for salvage costs of the vessel

Salvage claims can be made by the ship owner if admiralty laws are met. One crucial point under salvage is that the ship owner has the first priority to salvage the vessel and its goods. But if the owner of the thing which have been lost does not wish to salvage the cargo and the ship does not cause any risk to the environment, he has the right to deny somebody else to salvage the goods (Darlington, Sarah, and James, Turner, 2007). In cases where the owner of the cargo intentionally abandons his claim to property, the salvage crew may be given the right to keep the property according to admiralty law within that jurisdiction.

Before the claim for salvage award is made the following two conditions must prevail/met. First, the goods must be in peril and second the salvager must be working in a voluntary capacity and not in the line of duty (Robertson, David, Steven, Friedell, and Michael, Sturley 2008)..

Financial institutions that lend money to purchase ships, seamen who have due wages, vendors who supply ship with necessities like fuel and stores have a lien against the ship to guarantee their payment. Incase the ship fails to pay it is arrested or seized to enforce the pay. This action of enforcing alien is conducted by admiralty courts (Mandaraka-Sheppard, Alexandra, 2007).

When a person other than the owner rescues property that gets lost at the sea, the rescuer has the right to claim a salvage award on the saved property. Salvage claims apply only to property since life has no salvage. All mariners have the right to save lives of other in peril.

Critically evaluate the extent to which the LOF 2000 facilitates salvage claims.

UK Admiralty Law: Is the Principle of The Amerique Applicable to All Types of Salvage Cases : HYPERLINK “http://admiraltymaritimelaw.blogspot.com/2010/01/uk-admiralty-law-is-principle-of.html” http://admiraltymaritimelaw.blogspot.com/2010/01/uk-admiralty-law-is-principle-of.html

The above UK admiralty case has got rich information and it helped me in critically evaluating and coming up with this argument on LOF2000 and salvage claiming.

Lloyd’s open form of salvage agreement is the most widely used salvage contract and it incorporates the principle of “no cure-no pay”. LOF 2000 comprises of a single sheet of paper containing a box lay out where essential information like the mane of the ship and the identity of the salvage contractor will be inserted. Just below the layout box on the opposite side of the document, there is a clause with twelve letters and two information notices (Darlington, Sarah, and James, Turner, 2007).

LOF document is an advancement of LOF 1995 and it has addressed important points concerning salvage payment and claim. LOF 2000 was forms by a group of experts including, shipping insurance, legal communities and numerous organizations whose concerns were on salvage claims under LOF. Current issues over salvage claims have been addressed in this form and they include;

Property liable for the payment of salvageStewart verses Dutra Construction admiralty case which took place in February 22, 2005 where Jones act was used to solve the case. (Jones Act) provides important information that supports my argument which follows.

Initially, in the English law personal effects and baggage belonging to passengers’, master and the crew of the ship were not regarded as liable to pay for salvage. Instead only passenger’s baggage stowed in the hold and not required on voyage was recognized for salvage.The international salvage convention wanted to alter that but Lloyds form working party agreed that for the sake of LOF personal effects should be exempted from payment of salvage. These exemptions should also include private motor vehicle accompanying the passenger together with its contents.LOF 2000 provides such a provision (Darlington, Sarah, and James, Turner, 2007).

Currency of award

Parties to LOF have been in many years had it possible to select the currency in which salvage remuneration should be paid. However, LOF has provided that incase there is no agreed currency of payment then remuneration should be paid in pounds steering. Despite this fact many people find it easy to pay using us dollar hence LOF 2000 provides that if there is no alternative currency is agreed upon salvage remuneration can be made via US dollars. (Schoenbaum, Thomas, Jessica, and McClellan 2012)

Duty to co-operate

Alof2000 obliges the owners and masters to cooperate with salvors in certain important respects. Salvage personnel must be provided with full information so that salvage operation is done properly to avoid dangers of human life, property and the surrounding which such cargoes may cause. The information the salvors must be provide with include, plans, stability data and any relevant information (Robertson, David, Steven, Friedell, and Michael, Sturley 2008).

Rights of termination:

LOF 1995 clause 4 gave the ship owner the right to terminate the LOF when no reasonable prospect leadind to salvage award missed. LOF 2000 conferrers the similar right to the salvors that previously lacked the mandate to terminate an LOF contract. This makes the ship owner and the salvors to be equal so that they have equal bargaining power on salvage award (Schoenbaum, Thomas, Jessica, and McClellan 2012).

Deemed performance

LOF2000 provide the provision of giving a practical solution to the difficulty of knowing when the salvage services can be claimed to be complete. Once the salvaged property has been kept save or taken to the agreed place of safety the salvors have a right to treat their services as done if; continued skilled salvage services are not necessary to avoid the property becoming lost or significantly further damaged. And they are not required by any authority, agency or government to remain in attendance to satisfying their requirements (Robertson, David, Steven, Friedell, and Michael, Sturley 2008).

LOF 2000 provides the platform where contracts and salvage are recorded. Under this contracts, compensation is based on the no cure no pay principle. This implies that if the salvor does not salvage anything then they will not be paid. However, special compensation is made to the salvos for ma king efforts to save the environment or property even though in vain.

LOF 2000 contains articles13 and 14 as a reference in English law. Article 13 details salvage claim by salvos while article 14 details compensation criteria for the salvers. All this is prepared to make compensation award and salvage claim easy and faster (Mandaraka-Sheppard, Alexandra, 2007).

LOF2000 in a way gives the salvos more powers in the present than it was in the past. The rights which ship owners enjoyed in determining the compensation award of salvage and termination of contract are now confirmed to salvers. This has improved salvage claims significantly and has as well solved many conflicts between passengers and the salvos. (Mandaraka-Sheppard, Alexandra, 2007).

Cited work

Schoenbaum, Thomas, J., Jessica, L, McClellan: Admiralty and maritime law; St. Paul,Minn.: West Group, 2012 5th ed. Hornbook series KF1104 .S36 2012 .print

Schoenbaum, Thomas J: Admiralty and maritime law. ; St. Paul, Minn.: Thompson/West, 2011,5th ed. Practitioner Treatise Series: Law Reserve: KF1104 .S36 2011. print

Costello, Kevin: The Court of Admiralty of Ireland, 1575-1879: Dublin: Four Courts, 2010,KDK768 .C67 2010

Maraist, Frank, L., Thomas,C., Gilligan, Jr., and Catherine M. Marist. Admiralty in a nutshell, St Paul, Minn.: Thomson/West, 2010: 6th ed. West nutshell series: Law Reserve KF1105 .M342010

Force, Robert, A.N. Yiannopoulos, and Martin Davies: Admiralty and maritime law:Washington, DC: Beard Books, 2008, KF1104 .F672 2008

Robertson, David W., Steven F. Friedell, and Michael F. Sturley : Admiralty and maritime law in the United States: cases and materials: Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2008, 2nd ed.Law Reserve KF1103 .R63 2008

Cremean, Damien J., Admiralty jurisdiction: law and practice in Australia, New Zealand, Singapore and Hong Kong’, Annandale, N.S.W.: Federation Press, 2008: 3rd ed.: Foreword byDavid Steel: KVC350 .C73 2008

Derrington, Sarah C., and James M. Turner “The law and practice of admiralty matters” Oxford;New York: Oxford University Press, 2007: KD1819 .D47 2007

Mandaraka-Sheppard, Alexandra “Modern maritime law and risk management London; NewYork: Rutledge-Cavendish, 2007, 2nd ed. KD1833 .M36 2007

Jason, C., T., Chuah : Law of International Trade (4th Edition) 2011

UK admiralty law: is the principle of the Amerique applicable to all types of salvage cases: HYPERLINK “http://admiraltymaritimelaw.blogspot.com/2010/01/uk-admiralty-law-is-principle-of.html” http://admiraltymaritimelaw.blogspot.com/2010/01/uk-admiralty-law-is-principle-of.html

Garnat trading & shipping (Singapore) Pte ltd & Anor v Baominh insurance corporation [2011] Ewca civ 773: court: court of appeal (civil division) (England and Wales)

HYPERLINK “http://www.paclii.org/fj/cases/FJHC/2000/204.html” CKP Fishing Company Ltd v Owners of Motor Vessel Woo Yang [2000] FJHC 204; HBG0001J.1998S (20 January 2000) ADMIRALTY – Arrest of Ships- Priority ranking on sale for salvage costs of the vessel

HYPERLINK “http://www.paclii.org/fj/cases/FJHC/2002/31.html” Jeyang International Company Ltd v Owners of the Motor Vessel Kao Ya No 1 and Kao Ya No. 137 [2002] FJHC 31; HBG0009J.2001 (30 September 2002)ADMIRALTY – Arrest of Ships- claims giving rise to a maritime lien take priority over claims under mortgages; crew’s claim for wages rank in priority to mortgagee

Name

Course

University

Tutor

Date

Application Letters

November 1, 2010

The Admission Board

University of California (UCLA)

Computer Science Department

42231 Bidwell Road Hat Creek, CA.

Dear Sir/Madam,

RE: ADMISSION APPLICATION FOR MAJOR IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING.

I am writing to express my interest for the Bachelor of Computer Science and Engineering Major at the University of California, after completing undergraduate coursework at the Irvine Valley College. My desire to pursue an advanced degree with your institution is motivated by the fact the University is among the top-rated institutions in the country for giving exceptional education in Computer Science and Engineering Technology. Moreover, the University is equipped with modern and state-of-the-art facilities and staff to enable students to obtain their career goals and fulfill their ambitions as computer scientists upon graduation. UCLA’s Computer Science Department has also received several lucrative performance awards such as the Google and Cisco awards.

I would describe myself as an informative, quick thinker, and problem-solver. Usually, when I am asked a question to which I don’t know the answer, I admit this to the person but then I research the content until I come up with an answer. Simply put, I never let any stone unturned when it comes to exploring new knowledge. To illustrate these qualities, I trace back to the time I moved in the U.S. from Taiwan, my home country. I was in 6th grade by then and a new environment meant a lot of challenges in terms of language, social life, and generally, culture. I did not let myself get intimidated by the culture shock even at that young age. I asked my parents to buy me software that would train me on language, and also attended classes and read books that taught me about lifestyles of Americans. Within a month, I was able to freely and eloquently participate in conversations regarding almost any subject and especially on matters of technology, as well as the American history and culture. Researching on new subjects has therefore become an area of liking and I have concentrated this effort to discoveries in the Computer Science world.

I graduated from Irvine Valley College in which I excelled in all the course programs. I consider myself a brilliant student and a practical person who attempts to strike a balance between the theoretical and practical worlds. For example, while in Irvine Valley, I always created private sessions in which I would read and practice further on computation and software engineering. I have a strong background in both Science and Mathematics and excel in subjects such as Physics, Calculus, Statistics and Algebra. I believe that computational sciences such as Computer Science and Engineering, an area that I want to advance in, are useful to provide a better world where things are done in a fast and effective way. The world today is fast-paced and has become more globalized, and therefore, there is need to advance technology in information sharing in business, education, and politics. I look forward to putting my knowledge and various skills to work as I pursue further education. Considering that computer science is a speedily advancing area, I understand the need to be at par with current information concerning recent advances in the field. Knowledge and practice are highly required of a computer scientist and engineer.

I strongly acknowledge the fact that most of the learning takes place outside the classroom. In regard to this, I feel that I have gained beneficial practical skills from extracurricular activities and volunteer work in national and community computer laboratories. For example, in college, I participated in a movement that advocated for production of communicative gadgets that are environment friendly. I assisted in coming up with the design of cellular phones in which radiation is minimized. There is a worldwide concern of health and technology and therefore as part of social responsibility, I look forward to be a computer scientist who will incorporate the two issues in practice.

I believe that I can fully develop my potential and direct my selected career path with UCLA. I am therefore looking forward for a favorable decision regarding my admission to Computer Science and Engineering program of UCLA.

Yours Sincerely

Lee Shakouz