Category: Uncategorized

2009). According to the author

if not on medical grounds. This implies that a trimester assessment of the pregnancy is considered for the legality test to be proved in an abortion case. The legality of the abortion is restricted in the USA as the pregnancy progresses. Due to the illegal arrangements for procurement of abortion in the country

legal provisions for international human rights agreements veer off the contentious issue altogether (Mehrgan

media-based health promotion efforts have the ability to target broad portions of the population

ABERDEEN ASSET MANAGEMENT PLC ENTRY IN SOUTH AFRICAN MARKET

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Date of Submission

Aberdeen Asset Management PLC Entry in South African Market

Strategy Development

A market entry strategy and strategic development is a method designed by a company to deliver or distribute goods or services into a new target market. In the case of exporting or importing goods and services, it refers to managing and establishing contracts in a foreign nation. Many organizations operate successfully in a niche market environment without the need to expand to new markets. Some organizations achieve increased brand awareness, sales, and business stability by making new entries into new markets. To develop an effective market entry strategy for Aberdeen Asset Management PLC into the market of South Africa, which is very competitive, an evaluation of possible customers and potential competitors is advised (Lymbersky, 2008, 90-1). Some of the major factors to put into consideration by the company when deciding on the viability of the entry strategy include the price localization, competition, localized knowledge, trade barriers, and export subsidies. According to Kusuoka and Maruyama (2010, 112-3), the decision of whether to enter or when to enter a South African market will majorly depend on the company’s financial resources and the nature of the product it produces. There are several strategies adopted by different companies depending on the favorable strategy and financial ability. However, the most common entry strategies adopted by most companies and also relevant for Aberdeen Asset Management PLC include: Directly exporting products, sales outsourcing, indirectly exporting products using middlemen, and producing goods in the target market. Other entry strategies include licensing, franchising, exporting, joint ventures, Greenfield project, alliances, and wholly owned subsidiaries (Lymbersky, 2008, 98).

Among the entry strategies listed above, the simplest and most relevant for the company is the aspect of exporting, which involves the use of either indirect method such as countertrade, or direct method such as the use of an agent. Other complex forms, which involve global operations may include: Export processing zones or joint ventures. Kusuoka and Maruyama (2010, 78-9) assert that when a company has settled on a decision to enter into a new market, there are so many options open to it. The options will in most cases vary in the risks involved, costs likely to be incurred, and to what level the company can exercise control over such options. After the company has decided on the entry strategy to adopt, there is a need to decide on specific channels to adopt. Most agricultural products of a commodity nature or raw materials normally make use of distributors, agents, or involve the government, while processed materials majorly rely on sophisticated forms of accessibility. Since the company is interested in entering the South African market, it will most likely be faced with three major issues. The first issue is marketing, which describes how the country and its segments can manage, co-ordinate, and implements marketing effort. The aspect of marketing also describes how to enter the market; directly or with intermediaries, and with what kind of information. The second issue is sourcing, which describes whether or not to obtain products, to buy, or make the goods. The last issue in this aspect is control and investment, which entails joint venture, acquisition, and global partner. It involves the company deciding on how far it wishes to control and direct its own fate. The degree of attitude, risk involved, and the capability to achieve goals and objectives in the targeted markets are some vital facts on deciding whether to offer a joint venture or to license.

The decisions made on the issue of marketing majorly focus on value chain. The entry alternatives or the strategies adopted by the company must make sure that the required value chain processes are integrated and performed. When making decisions or forming strategies to enter South African market environment, there is need for the company to pay detailed attention to the country’s domestic marketing. In addition, for the company to successfully penetrate the competitive market of South Africa and rise above other companies in the same industry, it should have the ability to adopt multiple and unique strategies in order to ensure a successful penetration (Keillor & Wilkinson, 2011). Other strategies include adopting a technical innovation, which involves the production of goods that are superior to other products in the target market. The next aspect is the product adaptation strategy, which involves modification of the existing products to fit into the requirements of South African market. This would ensure that the products of the company do not appear irrelevant to its target customers.

Implementation

Extended marketing operations involve a marketing mix or business tools used by marketers in marketing. The marketing mix is very significant in determining the brand or the product’s offer and associated with four P’s that include product, price, place, and promotion. This concept majorly focuses on placing the right good in the right location, at the correct price, and at the right time. It involves creating a product required by a particular group of individuals and placing the product at a place that is regularly visited by those same people (Grünig & Morschett, 2012, 97). The product should also display prices that match the value attached to the product by such individuals; this should be done at a time when the individuals are willing to buy the good. However, company needs to carry out a lot of research to find out what the target customers really want and locating the places they do their shopping within the South African market. Aberdeen Asset Management PLC needs to figure out the methods involved in producing its product at a price representing the market value of the product in the view of the target customer, and at a critical and relevant time. The elements go hand in hand in their operation and getting one element wrong can spell disaster and thus failure for the company (Grunig & Morschett, 2012, 102-3).

Looking at the first element (product), it should be noted that a company can only sell what is specifically required by the consumer. This implies that the company’s marketers should be able to study and understand the needs and wants of the customers and be able to attract them with a product that they are willing to purchase. The marketer needs to tell what the customer needs from the product or service and how the product satisfies the target customer. The marketer should also be able to determine the usage of the product and how the product should be differentiated to counter the products of its competitors within the South African market. The second element in this aspect is “price,” which reflects the product’s total cost of ownership. Issues that significantly influence price are consumer’s cost to change or the cost incurred in implementing the new product. It also involves the consumer’s cost of not choosing the product produced by a competitor. The marketer must be in a position to establish whether the customer is price sensitive and how the company’s price will compare with that of its competitor (Capass & Bakstein, 2012, 89).

The next element is “promotion,” which involves manipulatively talking to the target customers with the aim of making them purchase the company’s product. Promotion can take the form of advertising, viral advertising, personal selling, public relations, and any other forms of communication taking place between the consumer and the company. A marketer should be able to know how the company’s competitors carry out their promotions and how they are likely to influence the company’s promotional activities. The next element is “place,” which describes where the product can be gotten by the customer. With the rising use of internet, credit cards, catalogs, and mobile phones, people see no need of moving to any place in order to satisfy their needs or wants. This requires the company to study and know the level of technology in South Africa to be able to know how to approach the target customers. However, South Africa is a developed country and its citizens heavily use new forms of technology, thereby calling for the need of the company to adopt such forms of technology. A marketer should be able to determine how the target customers prefer to purchase and how to access them in order to provide a convenience to buy. With the rise of hybrid models of purchasing and the internet, “place” is slowly becoming irrelevant. According to Capasso and Bakstein (2012, 96-7), the concept of convenience and place strives to focus on the ease of finding a product, buying the product, and accessing relevant information concerning the product.

The marketing mix model adopted by the company while deciding how to take a new product into a new a market is fundamental. This model can equally be applied in testing the company’s existing marketing strategies and determine their relevance to the market environment in South Africa. According to Barnhart and Smith (2012, 112-3), regardless of whether the company is considering an existing offer or a new one, there are definite steps that should be followed purposely to define and promote the company’s marketing mix. Firstly, product or service under consideration should be identified. The second step is to analyze and answer the questions on the 4 P’s as discussed above, and the third step is to try to ask “what if” and “why” kind of questions to try to challenge the offer. For instance, seeking answers to questions as ‘what would happen if the price were dropped by 5%?’ The last step in this aspect is to try “testing” the whole offer once a well-defined marketing mix has been put in place. This can be based on asking consumer based questions, such as if the mix meets customer needs and whether the price charged for the product is favorable for them (Barnhart & Smith, 2012, 88-9).

The other “P”s strategies include process, people, and physical evidence, adding up to what is commonly referred to as the “7 P’s of marketing”. Looking at the first “P”, which is “people”, it refers to the right kind of people that the company should have in order to support its products and services. According to Barnhart and Smith (2012, 88-9), the company needs to have trained customer service personnel who are able to offer clearly defined expectations such as average response time and hours of operation. This is very important for the company to maintain its customer satisfaction and understand how people behave in the South African market environment. The next “P” is the aspect of “process”, which involves the solid policies and procedures put in place within the company. It relates to the company’s services and products that help in achieving the company’s marketing strategies. Customers normally want to understand more than just the company’s products but also need to know the form and the shape that the company would take it the process of operation. The last “P” in this aspect is “physical evidence or packaging”, which refers to the way the company’s service, product, or anything related to the company, appears on the outside. Aberdeen Asset Management PLC must make decisions concerning shape, size, material, color, packaging label, and UPC bar code. This should be updated or upgraded at any time upon carrying out a test with the customers. Packaging involves practical setup, visual layout, and precise and clear installation instructions (Barnhart & Smith, 2012, 88-9).

Critical Reflection

In order to achieve the objectives of designing new market strategies discussed above, there is a need for the company to employ superior marketing strategies. By positioning the brand or product correctly, the product will most likely become successful in the market better than the competitor’s products. Even with the best form of strategies, it is necessary for marketers to properly execute their programs in order to achieve extraordinary results. The marketing strategy adopted by Aberdeen Asset Management PLC should also be creative in order to improve the marketing results within the South African market. The marketing plan may not likely succeed if there is no marketing execution on the models adopted. Improving how the company enters into the new market can significantly enable it achieve great results without having to change their strategies altogether. At marketing mix level, the company can make improvements on their execution by making little changes. Such small changes can be made without having to make changes on the strategic position (Backman, 2004, 56-7). At program level, the company can improve its performance by executing and managing its marketing campaigns in a better way.

It is normally believed that adopting a consistent marketing creative strategy across different media (such as Radio, TV, Print and Online), can enhance and amplify the marketing campaign effort. The company can improve its effectiveness in the marketing programs by improving direct mail or editing the contents of the website in order to improve on organic search results. There is also an aspect of marketing infrastructure or the marketing management, which involves improving the marketing business. It should be noted that management of budgeting, motivation, agencies, and co-ordination of marketing practices can result in improved results and improved competitiveness. In the view of Backman (2004, 102), the business results and accountability for brand leadership is normally determined by the effectiveness of brand management. Some key factors that are fundamental and should be taken into account are the exogenous factors, which often determine how companies are able to improve their results. Taking advantage of interests, seasonality, or regulatory environment will enable Aberdeen Asset Management PLC design methods of improving their marketing effectiveness within the South African market, which is very competitive and dynamic.

References

Backman, M., 2004. The Asian Insider: Unconventional Wisdom for Asian Business. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Barnhart, C., & Smith, B., 2012. Quantitative problem solving methods in the airline industry: A modeling methodology handbook. New York: Springer.

Capasso, V., & Bakstein, D., 2012. An introduction to continuous-time stochastic processes: Theory, models, and applications to finance, biology, and medicine. Boston: Birkhauser.

Dony, A. G. C., 1999. Market entry strategies for the PR China: An empirical study on the beer and soft drink industry. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag.

Frey, R. S., 2012. Successful proposal strategies for small businesses: Using knowledge management to win government, private-sector, and international contacts. Boston: Artech House.

Grünig, R., & Morschett, D., 2012. Developing international strategies: Going and being international for medium-sized companies. Dordrecht: Springer.

Haak, U. M., & Haak, R., 2008. Market entry in Japan: Theory and management in a turbulent era. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Jorgensen, D. B, 1997. Market entry strategies for Japan: A strategic analysis for an agri-food company.

Keillor, B. D., & Wilkinson, T. J, 2011. International business in the 21st century. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger.

Kleinemaß, M., 2007. International Business: Foreign market entry principles. München: GRIN Verlag GmbH.

Klug, M., 2006. Market entry strategies in Eastern Europe in the context of the European Union: An empirical research into German firms entering the Polish market. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag.

Kusuoka, S., & Maruyama, T., 2010. Advances in mathematical economics. Tokyo, Japan: Springer Japan.

Lymbersky, C., 2008. Market entry strategies: Text, cases and readings in market entry management. Hamburg: Management Laboratory Press.

Maiwald, S., 2010. The Entrance in Foreign Markets, in the Field of Biotechnology and the Consideration of Socio-Cultural Particularities: Using the example of SeaLife Pharma. München: GRIN Verlag.

Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H., & Zentes, J., 2009. Strategic international management: Text and cases. Wiesbaden: Gabler.

Root, F. R., 1998. Entry strategies for international markets. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Sahlman, W. A., & Microsoft Corporation. , 2002. Financial analysis of Microsoft. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Publishing.

Tielmann, V., 2010. Market Entry Strategies: International Marketing Management. München: GRIN Verlag GmbH.

Vetten, R., & Erasmus Universiteit. , 2007. Market entry strategies for automotive manufacturers in international markets: Illustrated through Mercedes-Benz Vans in India. Rotterdam: Erasmus Universiteit.

Yan, G.-X., & Kowey, P. R., 2002. Management of cardiac arrhythmias. New York, NY: Humana Press.

Zentes, J., Morschett, D., & Schramm-Klein, H., 2011. Strategic retail management: Text and international cases. Wiesbaden: Gabler.

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The Third Jihad Commentary

Produced by Raphael Shore, ‘The Third Jihad’ is a documentary about the threat of Islam to the national security of the United States. The documentary was funded by the Clarion Project, an organization widely identified as anti-Muslim. The country is all too aware of the danger of terrorism, the worst of which happened on September 11th, 2001. The events of the fateful day are etched on the memories of all Americans. The documentary takes advantage of the emotions of 9/11 to come up with a new theory of cultural jihadists over radical Islamists. It proposes that the primary threat to national security is a new form of deception by radical Muslims disguised as mainstream Muslim leaders preaching peace and unity. The producer explains that by screening the documentary, we will be keeping the memory of 9/11 alive while preventing similar tragedies in the future.

The documentary makes several shocking claims. One of these is a statement by a Muslim interviewee saying, “Islam will dominate; that’s what it will be.” This statement shows that this is a belief that is entrenched among many Muslims all over the West. Many Muslim leaders are also shown in the film echoing similar claims towards an Islamic republic by 2015. The film’s whole theory is that Muslims want to turn the United States into an Islamic Republic. Abu Yahya al-Libi, an Al-Queda leader, is shown in the film preaching that Islam must dominate the whole world.

The film contains interviews with some reputable people including former New York City mayor, Randy Giuliani. He gives his recollection of events after 9/11, terming it as a time when the American spirit showed high resilience. He explains that, “As we move further away from that day, there are going to be people who don’t want to see the threat as clearly…” this statement shows that he too believes that there is a group of people within the United States working to undermine the safety and peace of the country. According to him, the whole Islamist movement hates the way of life and culture of the American people, and they are working towards destroying it.

The documentary also cites a secret document unearthed by the Federal Bureau of Investigations, outlining the plan of Jihadists to eliminate Western civilizations. The film contains many images of terror-related incidents, the most provoking of which is the aftermath of the 9/11 bombing of the World Trade Center. Such images are meant to stimulate the viewers by showing how much death and destruction have been caused by Muslims. The attack was masterminded by the Al-Qaeda, a radical terrorist group led by Osama bin Laden.

The controversial documentary is designed to evoke feelings of fear and paranoia from its viewers and audiences. The people interviewed in the film feed into this narrative by giving their opinions and thoughts, most of which have no factual basis. The existence of cultural jihadists intending to take over the West using the tactic of deception in itself is highly radical.

Works Cited

Clarion Project. “The Third Jihad” YouTube. Uploaded on 18 Aug 2009. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-aVkiLIWSs

Break in the Staffroom

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Institution

Date

The third-period break bell chimes and all the students bang their locker doors and rush out to the school fields. They seemed unbothered with the weak state of their twenty-year-old lockers and the likelihood of it falling apart just by a bang. Girls in their red shirts beneath their purple tunics grouped themselves around the school swings. On the other end, boys run towards the football field with their purple knee-length shorts and red t-shirts. Students on the unmowed playing field look so colourful from the headmistress office window. This is how Headmistress Winger monitored her students in the field. One could see how unimpressed she looked. According to her, the break was unnecessary since only one period would follow, then students break for lunch. Winger stood right beside the window, with a cup of hot chamomile tea in her hands freshly prepared by the school caterer. She peeped through the broken glass on one of her window panels, ad stared at the students as they played.

On the playing ground, girls ran around chasing each other, blindfolded with their navy-blue sweaters in an attempt to make as many contacts as possible. Some group of much older fifth-graders stood at the spectator side of the pitch, termed the 'cool corner.' They enjoyed watching the boys admire them. The school termed them the pretty girls, and they were untouchable. Not even the school could touch a strand of their hair. Word spread around the faded blue walls of the school that their parents made up the school committee and were donors to major school projects. Boys admired them and fantasized about them. All the girls in school wanted to be like them.

Meanwhile, Paco swung the brown, old wooden staffroom door and fled in with a one-metre ruler, a whiteboard pen, and a math textbook. He dropped them at his untidy disorganized table and sank into his seat. Me. MrPaco put on his old black-framed glasses and started browsing through his outdated dial phone. Hardly had he settled down when Mrs., Floddle walked in majestically in her red ankle-length dress and black three-inch heels. As she walked in, she seemed so proud of herself. It was as clear as day that she was fishing for compliments. All the male teachers in the staffroom stared at her, and she loved the attention. She had finished her English lesson with her fifth-grade students.

"I don't understand my students anymore. They hardly try to show commitment in their work! Look at this assignment I gave them yesterday" She leaned towards Mr. Paco as their desks were right next to each other. Paco burst into laughter as soon as he saw the student's composition Mrs. Floddle was holding in her hand. It's like he understood that laughter is the best medicine and is contagious for sure. His laughter drew the attention of other teachers in the staffroom. They all rushed to her white, quite organized table and tried to find the amusement behind the paper. "You need to use a different approach Mrs Floddle. Your students don't take you seriously, " Ogler, the science teacher, commented as he tapped the floor with his crocodile-looking sharp-shooters and walked towards his desk. His desk was next to the staff room door hence the nickname 'Usher' by his colleagues.

The staffroom looked as busy as a beehive. The tea flask, together with the bread tray, made rounds on the teacher's desks. Teachers were conversing, mocking students they termed as stubborn while laughing sarcastically and loudly. The wooden board was congested with all sorts of papers. The unevenly painted wall was full of writings and peeled brown wallpapers that looked like they had been installed long before civilization was invented. They didn't seem to care. On the higher walls, the names of best-performing students hang on a plank of brown wall-mounted wood. On it was the sign, ‘Best Behavior Students In school.’ Below the heading was ten vague names engraved with what looked like a screwdriver.

Felicity stepped into the staffroom with her as white as a snow lab coat and a pile of books in her left hand. She looked like she’d been hit by a bus. "I could use a cup of tea, my fellow teachers!" she claimed. Mrs Felicity sat at her almost falling desk and requested Paco to pass her a cup. The look on her face was priceless when she realized the teachers had drunk all the tea. Her sunken eyes got teary. Lucky enough, the staffroom window was very high such that students would not witness their teachers cry or scramble for food like uncivilized human beings. Teachers talked about sex and their love for marijuana based on the 'High Road Valley' show, aired on cable. They didn't care for the information they were exposing their students to.

At the end of break time the bell rang, the facial expression on their faces screamed disappointment. "They should give us ten more minutes! I barely touched my bread!" Felicity cursed. Each teacher drowned in their lesson plans as they prepared for the next period. On the other hand, students moved like a swarm of bees into their various classes to avoid punishment from the teacher on duty. In did time was a thief, and It was just another day at Stonecold Elementary school.



Quality Improvement

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ABIGAIL HOUSE FOR NURSING & REHABILITATION LLC

1105 -1115 LINDEN STREET

CAMDEN, NJ 08101

(856) 365-8500

The overall rating of the nursing home is much above average. The quality measures are also above average.

Percent of long-stay residents experiencing one or more falls with major injury.Lower percentages are better.

Abigail New Jersay National Ave

1.60% 2.50% 3.20%

Percent of long-stay residents with a urinary tract infection.Lower percentages are better.

.

Abigail New Jersay National Ave

3.40% 5.70% 6.60%

Percent of long-stay residents who self-report moderate to severe pain.Lower percentages are better

Abigail New Jersay National Ave

1.50% 4.70% 8.70%

ABINGDON CARE & REHABILITATION CENTER

303 ROCK AVE

GREEN BROOK, NJ 08812

(732) 968-5500

Percent of long-stay residents experiencing one or more falls with major injury.Lower percentages are better.

Abingdon New Jersay National Ave

2.60% 2.50% 3.20%

Percent of long-stay residents with a urinary tract infection.Lower percentages are better.

Abingdon New Jersay National Ave

3.60% 5.70% 6.60%

Percent of long-stay residents who self-report moderate to severe pain.Lower percentages are better

Abingdon New Jersay National Ave

7.80% 4.70% 8.70%

ABSECON MANOR NURS/REHAB CNTR

1020 PITNEY ROAD

ABSECON, NJ 08201

(609) 646-5400

Percent of long-stay residents experiencing one or more falls with major injury.Lower percentages are better.

Absecon New Jersay National Ave

2.40% 2.50% 3.20%

Percent of long-stay residents with a urinary tract infection.Lower percentages are better.

Absecon New Jersay National Ave

14.20% 5.70% 6.60%

Percent of long-stay residents who self-report moderate to severe pain.Lower percentages are better

Absecon New Jersay National Ave

4.50% 4.70% 8.70%

ADVANCED CARE CENTER AT LAKEVIEW

130 TERHUNE DRIVE

WAYNE, NJ 0747

Percent of long-stay residents experiencing one or more falls with major injury.Lower percentages are better.

Adv. Care New Jersay National Ave

1.30% 2.50% 3.20%

Percent of long-stay residents with a urinary tract infection.Lower percentages are better.

Adv. Care New Jersay National Ave

1.30% 5.70% 6.60%

Percent of long-stay residents who self-report moderate to severe pain.Lower percentages are better

Adv. Care New Jersay National Ave

0% 4.70% 8.70%

ACTORS FUND HOME, THE

175 WEST HUDSON AVE

ENGLEWOOD, NJ 07631

(201) 871-8882

Percent of long-stay residents experiencing one or more falls with major injury.Lower percentages are better.

Actors New Jersay National Ave

1.30% 2.50% 3.20%

Percent of long-stay residents who self-report moderate to severe pain.Lower percentages are better

Actors New Jersay National Ave

1.30% 5.70% 6.60%

Percent of long-stay residents with a urinary tract infection.Lower percentages are better.

Actors New Jersay National Ave

0% 4.70% 8.70%

Select one (1) measure regarding staffing, prepare a similar graphs

Abigail

Abingdon

Absecon

Adv. Care

Actors

Rank your selected facilities in order of the best quality to worst quality. Take into consideration those items reviewed above, in addition to the other 16 quality measures that are reported. Which selected Nursing Home would you send your relative to?

The Actors Home Fund ranks as the best in quality facilities given that it registers no percentages in some of the service deficiencies. This therefore means that the home observes informed consent refers to the legal rules which guide the relationship between physicians and patients as the former provides a service to the latter. The rules outline the course of action when a physician acts in a manner that is inconsistent with expected behavior. Informed consent principles exist to safeguard the patient’s fundamental right; freely and independently make a choice on the medical treatment they want. The physicians, on the other hand, have an obligation of fully informing the patient of all possible treatment options and the consequences of taking each of them.

Health care facilities that have physicians and medical practitioners who are competent and provide qualified services and advise to the customers are likely to attract more clients. Patients ought to be treated with dignity so as to ensure that they attain the highest level of medical attention and that they are well served to meet their varying needs. The fact that access to health care is a basic or fundamental human right; this has an implication that facilities will only be ranked as effective if they serve patients inclusively irrespective of their social and economic backgrounds.

Self determination is a term used to re-affirm the right to informed consent. It seeks to mainly to protect patient who at times are not aware of their rights and are often victims of choices made by others. Self-determination seeks to ensure that patients receive adequate information that will aid in sound judgment of the treatment choices available. Patients in hospitals ought to be encouraged to be self-determined as many psychologists have conducted studies and stated that the medical conditions that people suffer from take diverse periods to be completely healed depending on the mindset of the patient and the environment within which they receive the medication. This assertion has an implication that doctors, nurses and other healthcare practitioners ought to be on the forefront of promoting self-determination among patients by ensuring that they are informed on their progress to recover and encouraged to have a positive attitude in life so as to heal quickly; this will not only shorten their stay at the hospital but also reduce the medical expenses.

The right to informed consent and self determination can be waived depending on several circumstances. Emergency will automatically necessitate that the above rights to be disregarded. Emergency treatment could emanate from different circumstances. Stabilizing a patient in the intensive care unit is an emergency which do not require the patient’s consent. Physicians ought to observe professional ethics so as not to abuse this privilege. The right to informed consent will also not be upheld if a patient who is suffering from a life threatening condition rejects treatment. Patients who are suffering from terminal or severe chronic illness may also be denied the above rights. Such patients are exposed to painful and traumatizing treatments, which any human, would fear. The waiver exception also denies patients the right to informed consent and self determination. It arises where the patient freely consents the physician to act on what he/she deems to be the best course of action during treatment. This exception is perhaps the least controversial. Doctors have to defend their professional judgment and not their failure to involve the patient in their decisions.

The final exception to the discussed patient’s rights is the therapeutic privilege. It refers to instances whereby total disclosure of information by the physician might critically impair the decision making process of the patient. A patient who suffers from heart-attack may also be diagnosed with a terminal illness; the physician may withhold information from the patient since disclosure could lead to a heart attack which might even kill the patient. The exception, however, attracts controversy as doctors purely rely on their expertise to make the decision. Patients at times do not comprehend the amount of damage that revelation of their medical condition can cause. Physicians and medical practitioners have to observe ethics as they exercise the three privileges since aggrieved patients can sue.

Resuscitation refers to the emergency treatment that is administered to patients suffering from cardiac arrest. Physicians treating such a patient may issue instructions against the emergency treatment referred to as the DNR orders. Such decisions are at times based on the patient’s wishes; they can be communicated by a will or a relative of the patient mandated to make such a decision. DNR orders, when executed, end the patient’s life; hence, physicians must present satisfactory evidence that support their action. I would therefore send my relative to Actors Home Fund.

The worst home is Absecon. The place is characterized by high percentages of accidents which occur at the place. A place that has a negative reputation such as Absecon is likely to lose customers/clients since there is a likelihood of patients not receiving adequate and effective medical attention leading to higher mortality rates, longer stays in hospitals, and thus increased medical expenses on the part of the patients and their families. Based on the information presented in this paper, there are various issues that have emerged, among them quality of health care facilities and how medical practitioners play an integral role in ensuring the recovery of the patients. Governenments or health care regulatory agencies ought to set guidelines on how various treatment procedures ought to be undertaken as well as inform the public of their rights regarding health care provision and ensure that their needs are met.

References

Medicare.gov, Nursing Home Compare. 2013. Web. December 22 2013. http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/profile.html#profTab=0&ID=315267&state=NJ&lat=0&lng=0

Case Study

(Author’s name)

(Institutional Affiliation)

Current Performance

To understand the activities this case study is about to undertake, one needs to have a clear understanding of the student under evaluation, as well as, the methods and procedures for assisting this student in dealing with his problem. Throughout the study, the student in question shall be referred to as X, as a way of hiding their true identity.

Abilities and Support Needs

The student under study is an 8-year-old female who is currently suffering from dyslexia. She attends a public school and because of her ailment, is forced to spend 50% of her school day in self-containment. Her teachers have decided to put her under self-containment because she is a slow learner, and for that reason, cannot study in the same classroom as her fellow classmates. As her teachers explain, she has a developmental reading disorder that affects the normal learning process for her. This disorder has affected the student so much that she has developed additional behavioral problems, to her inability to progress in her education (Bradford, 2009). Her performance has been stagnant from her first exposure to learning, illustrating that she is not meeting her educational goals as expected.

Past Experiences

Based on the information provided by her teachers and educators, we are made to understand that her problem was first recognized in her first class, and she could not engage in simple learning activities like her fellow students. She has a problem with reading, and has trouble recognizing written words. She also has trouble engaging in simple rhyming activities that are part of the learning process for children her age, and cannot make meaning and ideas of simple sentences. This has, in turn, affected her overall learning experience and outcome, especially in language and linguistics.

IEP Appropriateness

Having established that student X is a special needs student, there is need to develop an individualized education program (IEP) to assist this student in achieving their educational goals. Because student X suffers from dyslexia, the IEP will facilitate the attainment of the student’s educational goals much faster than she otherwise could.

Goals and Objectives

The goals and objectives of this IEP case include:

To ensure that student X meets her educational goals by the end of the year. This will be evaluated through the performance of other students in her class.

To dissuade the behavioral problems that student X experiences and improve the social skills of student X.

To ensure an improvement of perpetual skills in student X, allowing the student to read and understand what she is taught in class.

To train Student X’s educator on the different instructional methods that they can use to help student X attain her educational goals and objectives.

To restructure the regular class curriculum so that it accommodates student X, allowing the student to mix with the others, hence building on her social skills.

Educational Standards

The goals and objectives of this IEP are also aimed at improving the educational standards of the school where student X studies (Bradford, 2009). The relation between the goals and the standards is both theoretical and practical. Theoretically, the goals and objectives will assist both the student and her educator in reaching their individual, set standards for education.

Environmental Demands

To, successfully, implement this IEP case, there are various environmental demands that need to be met, in relation to the classroom setting and the activities to be carried out during this process.

Classroom Arrangement

The classroom arrangement in any IEP case is very crucial for the success of the program. It is through a proper classroom arrangement, that the instructor can effectively, and efficiently, teach student X to ensure educational success. Student X needs to be placed in a classroom that is not too congested and not too spacious to distract the student during learning. Additionally, the arrangement will be in such a way that facilitates group-learning activities such as reading and spelling (Bradford, 2009). This will assist student X in improving their social skills, as well as, reduce her behavioral problems. She will also be allowed to seat at the front of the class so that her instructor always keeps an eye on her during lessons. Large alphabetical writings and other language writings will be hanged around the class so as to familiarize the student with the alphabet and decrease the possibility of memory loss in student X.

Activities Schedule

Because student X has a learning disability, the activities taking place will not be any different from the normal activities in the classroom. This is because, the aim here is to help X reach the same educational level as the rest of her classmate, and because we do not wish to slow the learning process of the rest of the students down. The main activities will include spelling tests, rhyming, reading, and writing (Bradford, 2009). Reading will be done both as group work and as an individual activity, the instructor will be part of these activities as he shall act as a guide for these activities.

Environmental Challenges

Because student X is a special needs student, there are a number of obvious challenges that she will face during this process. For example, she will need to adapt to being around others, as well as, reading out loud without feeling embarrassed.

Task and Instructional Demands

As mentioned earlier, the instructor will play a role in the activities that are scheduled to take place during the IEP plan. The instructor will guide student X all through the learning process so as to ensure that they both reach their educational goals.

Required Typical Tasks

Student X will be required to carry out a number of tasks such as verbal spelling, reading aloud, rhyming, writing, repeating after the teacher, and engaging other students in activities and games (Bradford, 2009).

Appropriateness of Tasks

These tasks are appropriate for the student, as they will assist her in overcoming her learning problem and disability. More specifically these tasks are aimed at assisting student X in comprehending words and their meanings especially in sentences (Bradford, 2009). This, in turn, improves her comprehension and awareness.

Student Directions

Directions will be given to student X in the most basic manner, i.e., the student will be asked to perform a particular activity as per the learning guideline. Avoiding complex instructions is necessary for communication purposes especially since student X suffers from dyslexia (Bradford, 2009). It will assist the educator to know whether student X understands what she is being directed to do.

Teaching Strategies

The three main teaching strategies that will be used for student X include remedial instruction, private tutoring, and the provision of special day classes (Bradford, 2009). This will assist in meeting the needs of the student as it will allow the student to meet their educational objectives with ease.

Functional Behavioral Assessment

Functional behavioral assessment (FBA) is a procedure that is carried out to determine the reasons behind a person’s behavior (Bradford, 2009). FBA is necessary when dealing with students with special needs but in this particular case it is not necessary as student X does not display major behavioral problems. She is shy and appears intimidated, and this prevents her from socializing with her fellow classmates. The focus of this study is to assist student X overcome her learning problem, thus an FBA is not required for student X.

Supports Modifications and Accommodations

For the program to take full effect, there is need for the provision of supports by the various parties included. Modifications also need to be made so as to come up with the best strategies, as well as the provision of accommodation for the various activities.

Functional Academics

To assess the curriculum presented to student X the student may need special assistance, which may be provided by her instructor, parents, or other outside parties. Student X will need psychological services, health services, recreational services, as well as, speech-language pathology services (Bradford, 2009).

Behavioral

The behavioral supports and modifications that student X will need are primarily based on increasing her self-esteem and giving her confidence in her educational and social activities.

Social Outcomes

Essentially the social outcomes expected from her education placement is that student X will become more social with her classmates. This will also allow her to improve on her learning so as to effectively socialize with her friends.

Program Evaluation

Having established the problems that need to be addressed when dealing with student X as a special needs child, there is need for a program evaluation to determine whether the program is appropriate for the child.

Evaluation Method

Placement will be evaluated according to the ability to meet the needs of student X accordingly. The program that managed to achieve this with minimal interference will be chosen as the best suited program for student X.

Responsible Parties

There will be specific duties during this program, which will be carried out by different people. These people include the instructor, Student X’s parents, as well as, the student’s therapist.

References

Bradford, J. (2009). Dyslexia Parents Resource: IEPs and the IDEA. Retrieved from:

http://www.dyslexia-parent.com/IDEA.html

STUDENT NAME:

INSTITUTIONAL AFFLIATION:

COURSE:

PROFESSORS NAME:

DATE:

THE THREAT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Artificial intelligence which has long been dubbed by the initials (A.I) is a growing technology in the industry. This new form of development has proven to show both great potential and ability to become a groundbreaking technology may even more than the internet. However, this new technology despite sending promising new joyful moments has scientists and theoreticians doubtful and on the alert about the prowess of the machine.

The definition of A.I, in general, refers to machines that have been programmed, thereby trained on performing a task in the human environment. This can be seen in self-driving cars and robots in industries aiding in the processes. The term was not widely used until in 1956, at the Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire when it was founded CITATION Fut16 l 2057 (Future of Life).

So we ask ourselves is Artificial Intelligence important to us? We look around and realize the answer to this question. Artificial intelligence can help reduce a lot of human errors we face in our day to day activities. Basic computational being a simple example of how to effective this machine is. An artificially intelligent system is fast when it comes to the computation of arithmetic logic. What makes a human being an hour to do could take a machine a few minutes?

Furthermore, the Artificial Intelligence system can be beneficial when it comes to doing repetitive jobs. Automotive Industries have been known to use, robots to manufacture parts needed for their work. The output is usually very desirable and well done than physical human work. However, this may not be enough to clear Artificial Intelligence of its potential risks.

Theoreticians of Artificial intelligence have posed a question of risk that may be as a result of fully implementing Artificial Intelligence. In one example it can be noticed that the coming of Artificial Technology means that machines will replace the need for human labor. Automation in industries will mean many workers will be replaced as there will be no need for their support. Employers are more likely to rush to machines that do not tire, unlike Human beings, to maximize their profit margins. Life might be a little harder with no money to maintain ourselves.

Secondly, Artificial intelligence is programmed. This could be a security risk. Autonomous weapons may be utilized to kill. Thereby Artificial Intelligence could be enabling terrorism. This coupled with the ongoing tension between countries, and A.I war zones may erupt this might result in many casualties as a result. Humans, we may lose control in the process of the deadly fight as it might be difficult to power off the machines.

Artificial Intelligence is a very advanced technology. This kind of revolution can be used to make imitations of people and things. This can be used to spread propend and influence people to do vices. Crimes like killing may be exalted using this, in another instance, for example, a fake video of a president may be made to fool soldiers into going to war.

Finally, According to theoreticians, there is also the speculation that Artificial Intelligence systems may gain consciousness. This is however not entirely true. According to AI expert, this comes as a result of human beings not being able to effectively make the Artificial CITATION Jam13 l 2057 (Barrat)Intelligence systems objectives coincide with our own. If a self-driving vehicle is tasked with getting an individual as swiftly as possible to his destination, the Artificial intelligence programming may not take into consideration objects in the pathway like passengers. The result will be catastrophic in that the individual may arrive but left a trail of distraction behind them.

In conclusion, today Artificial intelligence being used is the Narrow AI. This is designed to perform limited tasks. Thereby that means that could have little or no negative effect on humanity. However, the long game is to create a general Artificial intelligence. This would outperform us in very many activities that require cognitive support. Before it full implementation therefore proper research is being done. According to IJ Good, a mathematician he states that designing an AI is a cognitive task such that the system can undergo self-improvement that can induce intelligence. This might be our last great invention unless we align our objectives with the hyper-intelligent AI. Thereby this poses the thought we should consider.

Works Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY Barrat, James. Our Final Invention:Artificial Intelligence and the end of Human Era. St. Martin’s Publishing Group, 2013.

Future of Life. 2016. <https://futureoflife.org/background/benefits-risks-of-artificial-intelligence/?cn-reloaded=1>.

Lewis, Tanya. LIVE SCIENCE. December 2014. <https://www.livescience.com/49007-history-of-artificial-intelligence.html>.

Marr, Benard. Forbes. March 2020. <https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2020/03/02/is-artificial-intelligence-ai-a-threat-to-humans/#2c10d57e205d>.