Category: Uncategorized

The Science of Shopping

There is a lot of science behind what we buy and how we buy. The intention of a retail store or any business for that matter is to attract customers and to get them to buy as much as possible. The science of shopping explains how the environment affects people and how they think. There the tiny details that the shopper does not notice and a business that succeeds is the one that noticed these details.

Shopping places comprise various levels such as the decompression zone an area where valuables should not be placed. The decompression zone is the area from the entrance of the shop covering about 5 to 15 paces. Usually, when shoppers get into the store, they move for the first 5 to 15 paces without looking at commodities within this zone. The prominent offers should be placed beyond the decompression as well as carts. Usually, shoppers will walk past a cart if placed at the decompression zone and when they pick out the commodities they want to buy the get limited because they have nowhere to put them. When that kind of frustration creeps in, the shopper might leave.

Paco acknowledges that men do not like shopping and as a result, they do not do much of it. Most shops are designed to cater to the woman because this group has a greater affinity for shopping. Unlike men, they examine merchandise, compare the value of products and generally take their time before making the purchase. Men, on the other hand, do not notice things beyond those they had prearranged to buy.

Customers do not like waiting for check out and long waits can influence the buyer’s perception of the entire shopping experience. Buyers can estimate their waiting time up to a minute and a half and anything beyond that seems longer than it actually is. Store owners can use engaging ways in order to shorten the perceived time. Ways to interact with customers as they wait can include showing funny clips and so forth.

The Mechanics Of Shopping

The mechanics of shopping define various physical and anatomical abilities and limitations, needs, and tendencies of the average shopper that the retail environment should be designed in reference to. Stores should be designed to be friendly to the human-animal with consideration for age, gender, income level, and tastes. The shopping environment should reflect the people that are using it. The mechanics of shopping describe that outside displays particularly signs should have big and bold letters showing a brief message that is also simple otherwise shoppers will not catch as they walk fast into or past the store.

When shoppers get into the store, the first few paces are about adjusting from the environment of the outside to that of the inside. Usually, people walk faster outside and when they get into the store they start reducing their pace and stop a few paces later until then they are not concentrating on the goods. A lot is going on with the shoppers in terms of how they are adjusting to the new environment and store owners should not expect them to pay attention to anything at this time. This is called the twilight zone.

Stores should understand that shoppers need free hands in order to shop. A person may come with a court and some sort of language be it a purse. When they are forced to carry these things and shop at the same time, it is unlikely that they will purchase more. There should be a place be it a shelf where people can place their language so that they can be able to shop freely without unnecessary frustration.

The Demographics of Shopping

Women have a greater affinity for shopping than men. When they are in the store they are more likely to walk around with a relaxed pace, taking their time to explore merchandise, and compare their values. They are also open to interactions with the staff. Men, on the other hand, have no patience shopping and it is even hard to get them to accompany women for shopping. Most purchasing is traditionally done by a woman and the experience often appears to give them pleasure and as a result, they do it dependably and agreeably. The majority of women, unlike men, look at the price tag on commodities. Men ignore this almost as a measure of virility. For this reason, it is easy to upgrade men that it is women. Men are also more suggestible than women-they are always anxious to leave the store and will agree almost to anything just to do so.

The lack of discipline showed by men is an opportunity to rake profits although at times men are seen as trouble that is not worthwhile and most businesses concentrate on making their store an environment for women. However, men today are doing more purchase and the trend will continue. This may explain by the fact that men these days stay single longer and they learn to run to the store for commodities their fathers never used to buy. There is also the fact that women these days work harder and longer so men are forced to shoulder the responsibility of shopping.

A Personal Philosophy of Education

Education refers to the learning processes involved in acquiring information. It is divided into two broad categories: formal education which is attained from institutions such as schools and informal/self taught education which is achieved through one’s life experience. Formal learning takes place in classroom settings and teachers are charged with the responsibilities of providing the curriculum according to the accepted plan of how learning should be conducted. Education equips an individual with basic life skills and advanced skills that are useful in one’s survival as well as making them more attractive than others in the job market. Education process begins when an individual is in the mother’s womb and continues throughout his life.

Discussion

Education is concerned with the future. It focuses on growth and development of all sectors of life even if one is studying issues of the past. Learning lays much emphasis on the conscious world, and as a result it entails all the activities intended to stimulate the thinking capability of individuals fostering their learning (Gibbs & Habeshaw, 2001).

For education to be effective in its purpose, there are certain beliefs that must be considered. First, education should be aimed at providing ample opportunity for all learners and students to gain information and knowledge to the very best of their effort, interest and ability regardless of culture, race, gender, ethnicity or social class. Secondly, education should reflect on democratic ideals that reflect the democratic society that we live in. Thirdly, all forms of education should be focused on how every student should be trained and moulded into becoming responsible citizens and members of the society. Fourthly, education should be aimed at teaching individuals how to think and not telling them what to think about. This involves creation of individuals who ask constructive and useful questions. Education should therefore play a major role in nurturing the curiosity and inquisitiveness of individuals.

The belief that every student entering a classroom has something the teacher can learn facilitates sharing of ideas and opinions among students. This gives the learners a safe atmosphere and a feeling that their opinions and thoughts are valued and thus they are convinced to share their challenges and accomplishments with the teacher. These beliefs are compatible with each other since they all focus on producing students who understand the importance of serving their community, helping others as well making major differences in their worlds.

The educational aims and objectives entail all the purposes for which learning is intended. To begin with, education is aimed at the physical, spiritual and mental development of individuals. Learners are trained to be self dependent and self confident with the acquisition of education. Their personalities, characters and cultures are developed and assimilated together with the knowledge they acquire (Bobbitt, 2000). This goes hand in hand with the existentialism philosophy which is concerned with what lies and takes place within and individual. Secondly, education is aimed at making individuals capable of earning their livelihood to facilitate them to lead a happy and secure life. On top of that, they should be able to contribute effectively to the society to enable grow strong and prosper. Education should also be aimed at its conformity with the technological advancements of the recent times so that it does not lag behind as the world advances. This enables the society address their problems and challenges with the best possible answers and solutions obtained from the technological advancements.

For effective learning to take place, different learning methods are used depending on the subject being studied and the type of content being delivered. For instance, a teacher may decide to use the lecture method. It is the most common form of passing information to learners. Teachers are expected to know how to present and develop lectures in addition to understanding its strengths and weaknesses. It is mostly used by teachers when introducing new topics, showing a relationship between practice and theory, summarizing ideas and when emphasizing main points of a concept. Lecture method is suitable for both large and small groups of learners. Other methods of learning can be combined with the lecture method to add meaning to the knowledge being passed to the learners.

Group or cooperative learning is another method of learning. This instructional pedagogy involves organizing of learners into small groups. These groups enable learners to maximize their time learning from one another. Research has shown that this method of has indicated possibilities of academic achievement. Learners subjected to this learning method have: higher self-esteem, higher test score, greater comprehension of what they are learning as well as improved social skills. Teachers are expected to give guidelines and directions on what is expected of the students prior to the group work (Gibbs & Habeshaw, 2001). The learners are supposed to be mixed heterogeneously, with considerations on ethnic backgrounds, race, academic abilities and gender. They should not be left alone to have groups based on cliques or friendship. John Dewey and his pragmatism philosophy supported the idea of group work since they enabled individuals to appreciate and learn from one another.

A guided-discussion is also a method of teaching that can be used by teachers. In this learning method, the teacher relies on learners to provide opinions, experiences, ideas and information. This method is used by instructors during post flight or pre flight briefings or during classroom discussions after the learners have acquired some experience and knowledge. It is the exact opposite of the lecture method (Gibbs & Habeshaw, 2001). The teacher should facilitate the discussion between the learners on top of treating them with impartiality and urging them to ask questions. Lastly, students can also learn to use the demonstration-performance method. This method involves learning of the mental and physical skills by their actual performance but under strict supervision. For instance, one may learn how to weld by welding, how to write by writing or how to read by reading. Knowledge on how to use machines, equipment and tools are passed using this type of instructional method.

The curriculum content should aim at integrating employability and life skills as well as vocational and general education skills. This enables learners relate what they study in class with their real life situations for better survival. By merging these skills they become more marketable in the job market since they are in a better position to handle all challenges that might come along their way. Curriculum content should also be geared towards development, awareness and mobility of learners’ careers (Bobbitt, 2000).This enables them adapt accordingly to the present and future changes and requirements of their careers. Experientialists supported curriculum content which prepared learners for future careers. Lastly, the curriculum content should meet the needs of students of both sexes, and of various cultural and ethnic backgrounds.

Students are expected to define their own learning goals as well as evaluating their own achievements. This gives them to the opportunity to be responsible for their learning. The knowledge students acquire in school, from their teachers and from their classmates and friends enable them solves life’s problems and challenges as well as improving their way of thinking. They are expected to value everyone and develop skills to work with other people. Teachers on the hand should strive towards imparting knowledge to their students and help them grow up to become responsible people in the society. Teachers also act as role models to learners and therefore they should set good examples for their learners to emulate.

Conclusion

Education is a lifelong process that brings latent ideas to consciousness, an idea that is widely supported Plato’s Idealism philosophy. Its claim that pursuing knowledge and identifying with the absolute mind is the stepping stone to understanding the truth is an emphasis on the importance of education to man.

References

Bobbitt, John. (2000). The Curriculum. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Gibbs, G & Habeshaw, T. (2001).Preparing to Teach: Introduction to Effective Teaching

in Higher Education. Bristol, Technical and Educational Services Ltd.

A Personally Delivered Letter And A Memo

Contents

TOC o “1-3” h z u HYPERLINK l “_Toc377218389” A personally delivered letter or an email sent to the trapped miners’ families PAGEREF _Toc377218389 h 1

HYPERLINK l “_Toc377218390” A memo to all company employees regarding the mine accident PAGEREF _Toc377218390 h 2

A personally delivered letter or an email sent to the trapped miners’ familiesDear Mrs. (insert surname)

Following today’s, August 5, 2010, tragic accident at one of our gold and copper mines near Copiapo, the management and Board of Directors of Minera San Esteban Company would like to formally inform you that one of the video cameras we had threaded underground has captured images of the miners and we are relieved to inform you that they are all in good health. As you might have been made aware by the media, the mine in which your (husband, son) was working in caved in and in the process 33 of our workers were trapped inside an underground chamber 2,300 feet under the surface. Fortunately, as I have stated they are all alive and in good health. Your son/husband along with the rest of the trapped miners has even sent us a message to confirm that they are in good health.

Since we are not aware of how long they can survive with limited water, food, and oxygen, every concerted effort is being made to rescue them at the earliest time possible. We would like to reiterate that we are working together with all the government rescue services and other local organizations for a faster rescue of all our thirty three employees trapped underground. As a result of this accident, we have closed the San Jose mine and suspended work in other mines in order to concentrate on the rescue mission. Rescue teams are at this point drilling holes underground to locate the miners.

We would also like to inform you that your husband/son and his colleagues have fared on bravely and shown great courage under the circumstances. In their communication to us, they have stated how they were finally able to dig a channel underground using light vehicles and an excavator.

At this point, we would like to assure you that the company with the assistance of the government and other rescue organizations are doing their very best to ensure that your husband/son is brought to the surface as safely and quickly as possible. We understand that this is indeed a difficult time for your family and the rest of the community. However, understand that we are also undergoing the same emotional anxieties and difficulties since they are also our employees with whom we share many experiences. We are equally anxious to see them safely out of that mine. Thank you for your prayers and patience.

Regards,

A memo to all company employees regarding the mine accidentMINERA SAN ESTEBAN COMPANY

TO: ALL STAFF

FROM: MANAGEMENT

DATE: AUGUST 5, 2010

SUBJECT: SAN JOSE MINE ACCIDENT

The management hereby makes a formal announcement and verification of the unfortunate events at one of our gold and copper mines near Copiapo. Earlier today, August 5, 2010, our gold and copper mine near the city of Copiapo caved in at one section and ended trapping thirty three (33) members of our mining team 2,300 feet underground. I would also like to further inform you that one of the video cameras we had threaded underground has captured images of the miners and we are relieved to inform you that they are all alive and in good health. The trapped miners have even sent us a message to confirm that they are still alive and in good health. Our brave and courageous colleagues were able to reach a shelter below the point where the mine collapsed. They used underground vehicle lights and an excavator to dig a channel to safety.

However, we are not in a position to tell how long the oxygen, water, and food they have down there will last and we are at the moment drilling to the chamber in order to rescue them. It is not certain at this point when or how long it will take to get the men to the surface. In the light of these challenges we have sought for assistance from the government and other rescue organizations to bring our men to safety as quickly as possible.

Following this unfortunate event, we have closed the San Jose mine and suspended work in other mines in order to concentrate on the rescue mission. The company is fully aware of the anxieties and fears most of you are having with regard to the safety of our colleagues bit it is important that we maintain calm and pray for their safe and quick rescue.

Thank You,

References

Weik, J. (2010). Over 30 workers trapped after Chilean copper mine collapse. Metal BulletinDaily,224, 65-65.

Haroon, S. (2010). Chilean miners found alive – but rescue will take four months. London: TheGuardian. Retrieved April 23, 2011, fromhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/aug/23/miners-trapped-alive-chile.

The Second Amendment

Name:

Affiliation:

Course:

Instructor’s name:

Date:

The Second Amendment

The Second Amendment of the United States Constitution states that a properly controlled militia is essential to ensure a free state’s safety (Halbrook, 2019). In other words, the amendment protects US citizens’ rights to keep and bear arms, and those rights should not be infringed. The amendment was ratified in December 1991 (Halbrook, 2019). My opinion on the Second Amendment is the government should control citizens against firearms possession. Gun control means legal jurisdiction in an attempt to restrain the use or possession of munitions. The vast majority of the developed nations have strict gun laws and are not controversial. In the United States, gun control is a fraught political matter. It has somewhat resulted in conflict between those who view it as a prerequisite for their safety against those regarding it less significant and dangerous infringement of personal liberty.

Between the years 1999 to 2016, the United States registered 572,000 deaths directly linked to gun deaths. The numbers represent 336,000 cases of suicides, 213,000 homicides, and 11,000 unintentional deaths. The leading cause of homicide and suicide deaths was guns, representing 67% and 51% of all homicides and suicides, respectively (Steelesmith et al. 2019). Those for strict gun laws believe that enacting laws restricting civilians against possession of firearms will significantly mitigate such deaths (Wozniak, 2017). It is estimated that restricting civilians from ammunition purchases would substantially reduce gun violence deaths by approximately 80%, not to mention that the gun identification necessity could reduce it by about 82%.

Those against gun laws ratification and some have studied, have stated that banning of assault weapons had no impact on the rate of murder at the state level. The US had seen Gun ownership increased since the 20th century, and still, those numbers are skyrocketing, and so do the murder rates is decreasing. Offenders will be more fearful of targeting armed individuals, thus reducing the rates of crimes. I think having strict gun control is right since some civilians always think of assaulting others on the advantage that they have guns. Gun laws will always be a controversial issue in the US due to the vast cultures and how some communities view others as threats.

References

Halbrook, S. P. (2019). The Founders’ Second Amendment: origins of the right to bear arms. Rowman & Littlefield.

Steelesmith, D. L., Fontanella, C. A., Campo, J. V., Bridge, J. A., Warren, K. L., & Root, E. D. (2019). Contextual factors associated with county-level suicide rates in the United States, 1999 to 2016. JAMA network open, 2(9), e1910936-e1910936.

Wozniak, K. H. (2017). Public opinion about gun control post–Sandy Hook. Criminal justice policy review, 28(3), 255-278.

Nora Shunia

Dr. McGee

ENGL 1190

28 October 2021

The Secret Garden

The Secret Garden, by Frances Hodgson Burnett, is set in the cold Misselthwaite manor during the Victorian era in England. Mary Lennox, a spoiled and greedy 11-year-old, is the protagonist. At the beginning of the novel compared to the end, Mary Lennox is portrayed as a completely different character. The author takes on a journey about how environmental factors can play an important role in our life. Throughout this essay, I will use quotes and examples at what factors contributed to the change of Mary Lennox.

Mary is described as the “most disagreeable-looking child ever seen.” She was always sick one way or another, so her face was always yellow, as well as her hair. She was a child who never received any time or love from her parents. Her father worked for the English Government and never had any time for her. Her mother, who held great beauty, only cared about partying, and amusing herself with gay people. She never wanted a child to begin with. She left Mary under the care of native servants. To impress the Mem Sahib, the servants catered to all of Mary’s needs, as he refused to be disturbed by any crying. Since Mary received everything, she pleased, by the age of 6 she was portrayed as an unkind and selfish little girl. At this point in the novel, the model of childhood Mary portrays is a sinful child. A sinful child is child who is sinful and in need of correction. She is guilty of many sins. Mary is selfish, spoiled, rude, demanding and physically abusive. She dislikes everyone and everyone dislikes her.

Early in the novel, Mary’s parents and most of the servants die from a disease. Those who did not die left the house quickly and left no one to care for Mary. Mary was forgotten about and found alone in a nursery by two officers. She is sent to live with a clergyman and his family, who immediately dislike her. The children tease her and inform her of her uncle in England who she will be sent to, Mr. Archibald Craven. Mary never cared about anything or anyone, although on the carriage train ride to Yorkshire, she was amused by the stories Mrs. Medlock was telling her about Mr. Archibald and his manor. She tried hard not to display any emotions, but some were coming out involuntarily. It was also different because no one cared to talk to Mary. They were there to serve her, nothing less nothing more. While she’s at the manor she meets one of the housemaids, Martha, who was much different than her Ayah. Martha was not obligated to do everything for Mary, which left her shocked. Although Mary thought she was going to learn a thing or two doing stuff on her own for the first time. As well, Mary was never interested in anyone before, but she grew an interest in Dickon, as he had a thing for animals, and she always thought she would like animals too. As time goes by at the manor, Mary’s demeanor begins to lighten as she explores the gardens. She has a second encounter with the robin and attempts to speak to him. After Martha tells her the story of how Mrs. Craven passes, she grows a pity for her uncle, something she has never felt before. Mary grows more and more curious as the days pass at the manor. She finds a portrait of a young girl that looks like her and wishes she was there to keep her company, another thing she has never wished for in India. As she ventures and explores the gardens freely, Mary realizes that she is fond of several people for the first time in her life. Once Mary believes she found the key to the garden, she begins to feel compelled. She has always received her way with everything she desired in India, but at the manor she was not to always get her way. As she would have her Ayah dress her and always commanded people to do things for her. “I never did in my life. My Ayah dressed me, of course.” Soon after Mary finds the robin again and he shows her the way to the secret garden door. Grass was still growing in this garden; Mary begins to feel like she has her own world although she doesn’t know if anything or anyone is alive in the garden and yet and feels not lonely while in the garden. Mary begins to occupy herself all day with weeding in the garden. Mary doesn’t know much about gardening, so she asks Martha later that night for gardening tools. Martha suggests to Mary to write Dickon a letter and that he would certainly agree to buy tools for her on one of his trips. At this point in the novel, the garden and Mary are almost symbolized as there reawakening. Mary clears space in the garden, “Now they look as if they could breathe,” implying that she has been given room to breathe since her move from India.

A PEST analysis of the Australian market

Introduction

Australia is the fifteenth wealthiest country in for every capita terms and is the sixth most seasoned constantly working popular government on the planet. Australia has the fourteenth greatest general economy on the planet and the ninth greatest economy. Australia’s economy is open and imaginative. Over the previous decade robust gainfulness increases have been joined by low expansion and investment rates. Likewise Australia has low boundaries to exchange and venture .Australia remote and exchange approaches advance the security and long haul success of Australia in a worldwide connection. Australia’s economy is profoundly helpless to the effect of environmental change. In 2008 the Australian Government resolved to make an association called “Framework Australia” to give another national methodology to arranging, executing and financing the country’s future (Grassl & Smith, 2010). Being a protected, steady and prosperous nation Australia is an undeniably alluring center for universal and local business and business operations.

Political environment

In Australia, it is a liberal-free enterprise vote based system. The state continues meddling significantly in the economy through the utilization of different parts; for example the parliament may choose to set up importation charges intended to ensure the national economy, or it may make natural assurance laws planned to secure the regular legacy of the nation. This influences worldwide business on the grounds that when charges continue fluctuating and expanding particularly there will be an effect on the economy which thus will influence the trade rates and cash rate. Additionally as per the current circumstance as specified in The Australian Financial Review 2010: there is expect that the hung parliament will contrarily influence the economy (Hanley, Shogren & White, 2013). Australia’s rate of financial development eased off in the middle of July and September as the high estimation of the Australian dollar dug into fare income. The nation’s terrible local item climbed only 0.2% amid the second from last quarter period, down from development of 1.1% in the middle of April and June. Experts concluded that Australian shoppers were likewise hit by higher investment rates. Nonetheless, the Australian economy is situated to keep on growing, headed by interest from China for its crude materials. As indicated by Michael Blythe, boss economist at the Commonwealth Bank, the most recent financial development figure was a “frustrating result .Since Australia is aided by its endless fares of iron mineral and other crude materials, it has stayed away from subsidence for a long time. One of the nation’s biggest iron mineral makers is the Anglo-Australian bunch Rio Tinto, which is expanding generation, has reported $7.2bn in new interest in the locale since July 2010. As per overviews Australia’s economy kept on gathering pace in March as world interest for items supported the country’s coffers. However because of late instability from the European obligation emergency could lower desires of monetary development later on (Hanley, Shogren & White, 2013).

Economic Environment

Australia is an island mainland in the Southern Hemisphere, lying in the middle of Antarctica and Asia. It is encompassed by the Indian Ocean to the west; the Timor, Arafura, and Coral Seas to the north; the Pacific Ocean to the east; and the Tasman Sea and Southern Ocean to the south. As it were its arrangement is an added focal point to business on the grounds that regarding the matter of fare and import, Australia is similar to a driving spot. A great part of the mainland is low, level, and dry. The zone of the mainland is 2.97 million square miles and the populace is about 20 million Because of the barbarous physical environment has urged individuals to stay near the fruitful beachfront regions as an issue urban and rustic tenants eloquent diverse financial and social hobbies. Individual home proprietorship is a typical objective, and the country has one of the most noteworthy home possession rates on the planet (Hanley, Shogren & White, 2013). Subsequently building design and land business has a decent degree in Australia. Australians are among the world pioneers in fast-food utilization, fast food outlets are by the drove, drinks snacks and fast food organizations have a perceived name in Australia and different nations in light of the fact that Australian gourmet experts are known worldwide for their “combination cooking”

Social-cultural environment

Australia is a country authoritatively dedicated to ethnic and racial comprehensiveness. For a significant part of the country’s history, there has been a concentrate on acclimatizing diverse social gatherings into the prevailing British Australian customs (Towse, 2011). Australia is a collectivity of different people groups living in a generally adolescent society. Be that as it may, the divisions inside the country keep on discovering statement in broad daylight life, emerging from social contrasts in race, ethnicity, social class, and sexual orientation. Despite the fact that the effect of natural variety is profoundly apparent in the customary societies of indigenous Australians, it has not been as solid a variable in worker societies. The hugest way of life contrasts are influenced essentially by varieties in atmosphere (Russell, 2001).

Australia has six states, Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, New South Wales, Queensland, and two regions, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory, dominant part of the populace exists in urban zones around the coast. Australia’s society can be more probable said to be cosmopolitan. Australia is a present day exchanging country and it is an enhanced and solid supplier of great products and administrations to in excess of 200 nations with an advanced import market for items from everywhere throughout the world. The fundamental explanation behind this is the because of Australia’s dynamic and proficient ocean and airplane terminals along the far reaching coastline which permits huge measures of iron mineral, coal and cluster of other characteristic assets to be sent.

Technological Environment;

The profits of e-commerce to the economy regarding lessened expenses, higher quality, new items and bigger markets are noteworthy highlights in a nation’s universal business (Russell, 2001). Late studies demonstrate an increment in national yield, true speculation, utilization, genuine wages and vocation. Australia is one of the world’s most associated nations, evaluated incomes of business-to-business e-commerce in Australia for 2000 was over Us$2.3 billion, positioning higher than Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore. Areas or territorially based organizations are more inclined to succeed in the worldwide business in the event that they are significant speculators in new innovation, fare centered and capable in the utilization of IT and e-commerce. Data and correspondences innovation is a key driver of Australia’s solid financial development and advancement. In light of this engineering is the majority of Australia’s high plan business (Russell, 2001). Since in today’s reality time component is a standout amongst the most vital elements throughout man’s life and time administration is one of the key variables that most business magnets come up short. Data innovation is similar to a shelter to all these individuals in light of the fact that it does a large portion of the work a specific individual needs to do, labor is generously adjusted though if a man needed to do every last thing in a worldwide business it would take ages for him to overcome to the majority of that.

Conclusion

As per late review it can be said that Australia’s financial achievement in the most recent century was focused around its inexhaustible agrarian, mineral and fills assets. Various components have helped this advancement Information and correspondences innovation is a key driver in monetary development, different variables, for example, propels in travel, trading of thoughts, more extensive access to guidelines to trainings and so on have likewise helped this achievement. Australia’s ICT business sector is worth an expected $89 billion with all the more just about 25,000 organizations utilizing 236000 IT experts.

References

Grassl, W., & Smith, B. (Eds.). (2010). Austrian Economics (Routledge Revivals): Historical and Philosophical Background. Routledge.

Hanley, N., Shogren, J., & White, B. (2013). Introduction to environmental economics. Oxford University Press.

Russell, C. S. (2001). Applying economics to the environment. OUP Catalogue.

Towse, R. (Ed.). (2011). A handbook of cultural economics. Edward Elgar Publishing.

A Nursing Care Case Study and Assessment

This case study will review the condition of a recent patient, explain how I came to the conclusions in my assessment of her condition, and provide my diagnosis and recommended course of treatment for her pain when it became apparent this was a key priority. My analysis will focus on a forty one year old woman who was on the surgical ward during my clinical rotation as a student nurse. She had just undergone a modified radical mastectomy. Two months prior to the operation, a biopsy had revealed a ductile carcinoma of the right breast. In addition, a review of her medical history uncovered the fact that she had had a previous bout with cancer at 13 when doctors discovered Hodgkin’s lymphoma that was subsequently treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. From that point on she remained relatively healthy and stated there was no family history of breast cancer.

As part of a multi-disciplinary team (Improving Outcomes in Breast Cancer Manual Update, National Institute for Clinical Excellence), my first priority was to conduct a thorough examination to assess her current condition and then provide the appropriate care as indicated from my holistic assessment of her needs. “Assessment is the first step of the nursing process. It involves the orderly collection of objective information about the client’s health. Objective data are observable, measurable and verifiable by more than one person.” (pp. 7; Altman, Gaylene; Physical Assessment Skills; Delmar Learning; c. 2004). This information aligns with training received in nursing classes by my instructors and reinforces the important point that organization and thoroughness are of the utmost importance. It has been my goal to develop the nursing assessment skills that mirror this philosophy, and believe the reader will find that my personal nursing assessment routine, detailed in the body of this essay, honors the same recommendations presented by my professors and the latest research. Finally, the results of my evaluation will be presented, and as required by this assignment, I will share the nursing interventions determined by me to be the most effective way to combat her physical discomfort.

The first stage of the nursing process is to conduct a thorough holistic nursing assessment (of the patient’s needs beginning with a physical assessment. “An accurate physical assessment requires an organized and systematic approach using the techniques of inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. It also requires a trusting relationship and rapport between the nurse and the patient to decrease the stress the patient may have from being physically exposed and vulnerable. The patient will be much more relaxed and cooperative if you explain what will be done and the reason for doing it. While the findings of a nursing assessment do sometimes contribute to the identification of a medical diagnosis, the unique focus of a nursing assessment is on the patient’s responses to actual or potential problems.” (pp. 22; Cox, Carol; Physical Assessment for Nurses; Blackwell Publishing Ltd.; 2004).

Understanding the importance of any type of knowledge (pgs. 496-7; Walker, Jennie-April, Philosophy, knowledge and theory in the assessment of pain; British Journal of Nursing, 2003, Vol 12, No 8) and keeping in mind the NMC Code of Standards of Conduct required of me, that includes providing a high standard of care, and remembering that this woman trusted me with her health and well-being; I greeted the patient as I entered the room, inquiring as to how she was feeling that day. She indicated that she was feeling a lot of pain. I then requested she rate it on a scale of one to ten with one being little and ten being excruciating pain. She replied that her pain was a ‘7’ and relieving it became one of my top priorities as I began the exam. For the next several moments I worked to subtly assess the current condition of my patient while carrying on a light, distracting conversation (Page 542, Haber, Judith; Comprehensive Psychiatric Nursing‎, 1992), searching for obvious signs or symptoms that correlated to the patient’s complaints. Even without extensive formal training in examination and assessment of pain, pertinent and useful information (signs) can be derived from careful observation(pg. 2295; Price, Christopher IM, Seong W Han, Iain A Rutherford; Advanced nursing practice: an introduction to physical assessment; British Journal of Nursing, 2000, Vol 9, No 22); thus, I inspected her wound area both visually and by touch, carefully searching for signs of infection from the post op drains in situ; and found she had begun the early healing process appropriately. I then used my stethoscope to find there was no variance in the movement of blood through the cardiovascular system; and proceeded to take her vital signs. These included blood pressure, pulse, temperature, respiratory assessment and palpation (pg 485; Simpson, Heidi; Respiratory assessment; British Journal of Nursing, 2006, Vol 15, No 9), and a further examination of the musculoskeletal system.

The patient manifested a slight fever as her temperature was 100.2 degrees Fahrenheit. This symptom compounded with the statement of pain implied there was an underlying and continuing health issue, although nothing was immediately apparent. Her blood pressure was a normal 120/80; her pulse rate was 75 BPM; her respiratory rate was near 14 breaths per minute. I then took a moment to review her chart as we continued quiet conversation. The patient’s complete nursing history was organized from her earliest health problems to her current hospital stay. A detailed psychological and social exam indicated that the patient was battling minor depression due to the seriousness of her illness. She had adequate insurance to cover her medical expenses and a very supportive family. The final two aforementioned factors would help to

assure a speedier recovery (Gregg, Davis Weinert; pg. 29; Life and Health Insurance Handbook‎; 1964 and Pg. 293 Crisp, Jackie, Patricia Ann Potter, Anne Griffin Perry, Catherine Taylor; Potter and Perry’s Fundamentals of Nursing; Elsevier Australia, 2005). Her doctor had advised there was no need to do the musculoskeletal assessment so I moved on to quickly look over her scalp, fingernails, and toenails. Nothing seemed out of the ordinary. I quickly examined her nose ears, mouth and throat, looking for signs of an infection that may have taken root in one of these body parts, and found nothing. I followed this with a quick gastrointestinal exam which also reaped negative results. The patient had not had a bowel movement for two days, but had little appetite since the surgery.

As I mulled over the facts of this patient’s holistic assessment I took the time to freshen her linen(Page 77; Narrow, Barbara W., Kay Brown Buschle; Fundamentals of Nursing Practice‎; Wiley; 1987, help her wash up and get her fresh water. She perked up a bit as she had the chance to move around and take control of her appearance, but noted that her pain was nearly the same.

“If pain is a symptom determine the following: site; radiation; character, eg. Pressure, ache, stabbing, dull; severity, eg, Did it interfere with what you were doing? Does it keep you awake? Have you ever had this type of pain before? Does the pain make you sweat or feel sick to your stomach?”(pp. 34; Carperito-Moyer, L; Nursing Care Plans and Documentation; Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 1999). These questions were posed to the patient and she responded that the pain was dull and it had kept her awake the previous night. However, it did not make her sweat or feel sick to her stomach. Having completed my holistic assessment it was evident my focus should be to determine the source of her pain and attempt to relieve it. I redoubled my efforts to determine the source of the pain by asking questions that would help her narrow down the location from which the pain was emanating. We began with the head and worked our way down the body until we discovered that, indeed, she was feeling residual post-op pain from the location of the surgery.

“To make a valid diagnosis, and for assessment to be purposeful, the nurse has to know the following: What is the range of normal? What is the range of abnormal? What are the health risks?” (pp. 10; McFarland, Gertrude & McFarlane, Elizabeth; Planning for Patient Care; Mosby Pub.; c1999). One of the most difficult aspects of making accurate diagnoses is to determine whether the data confirms the actual nursing diagnosis. In fact, I needed:1). to be knowledgeable of what the normal range of pain is for a post-op breast cancer patient who had just days before undergone a modified radical mastectomy; and 2). a multi-disciplinary assessment (pg. 863, Catriona McMillan Breakthrough pain: assessment and management in cancer patients; British Journal of Nursing; 2001, Vol 10, No 13). Research shows that up to fifty-seven percent of women who undergo a mastectomy will experience acute pain post-op. These statistics support the use of a stronger pain medication to be given to the patient.

Personally, I am very sensitive to a patient’s cry for help from relief of pain, particularly so soon after major surgery. In other words, when a patient in this position says they are in pain, I believe them and intend to correct the problem as quickly as possible. We are not inside their bodies and are not experiencing their distress. The best we can hope to do is provide a modicum of relief. The following quote reinforces my opinion. Indeed, pain is a subjective phenomenon (pg. 81, Locker , Sarah; Holistic assessment of cancer patients’ pain: reflections on current practice; International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 2008, Vol 14 No 2).

“It is argued that pain is experienced by people and families, not by nerve endings (Watson et al, 2005). Otis-Green et al (2002) define cancer pain as a multidimensional and complex experience and Watson et al (2005) support the notion that pain management is complex due to the dynamic and fluctuating interaction between external stimuli and the individual’s capacity to cope at a particular time in their life. Therefore, methods utilized to manage pain need to be multidimensional and reflect this complexity.”(Locker, Sarah; International Journal of Palliative Nursing; 2008, Vol.14.No.2).

The patient indicated that although she would like to have something stronger for her pain, she was fearful she would become addicted to the medicine or develop a tolerance and it would stop working. I assured her that research shows it is rare for a cancer patient to become addicted to the pain medicine, and although she might develop a tolerance for the medicine, long term, the most important thing was to control the pain. Dosages can be altered to address the issue of tolerance. I reviewed her chart to see what pain medication had been prescribed up to now. I found that, to this point in her treatment, my patient had been on a patient controlled analgesia (PCA) (morphine sulfate) for the first twenty four hours post op; which meant she had an electronic device that allowed her to self-administer opiates according to her own pain relief needs. The dose per bolus (referring to the rate at which the medicine is administered) was 0.5mg., and the maximum dose was set for four hours with ten minute lock out intervals.

It would appear that the anesthesiologist had spent some time with the patient pre-surgery because he would have had to order an initial dose for her IV in post-op recovery. She was a perfect candidate because she was bright and quickly learned how to use the equipment, and once she had awoken and showed no signs of delirium she was adept at manipulating the equipment.

There are several advantages to this approach to pain management. First, it has been proven to have less post-op delirium than other analgesic techniques; it has the lowest incidence of pulmonary complications and the highest patient satisfaction (Pg. 116; K. W. M. Fulford, Steven Ersser, R. A. Hope, Tony Hope; Essential Practice in Patient-centred Care‎; 1996). The side effects were constipation and nausea.

I felt that my patient needed a stronger pain medication if only for the short term to calm her down and relieve her distress. According to one study, “Opioids, also known as opiates and narcotics, remain the mainstay of systemic analgesia for moderate to severe acute pain. There are a variety of drugs including but not limited to morphine, codeine, and methadone. They are involved in inhibiting pain and are most effective for continuous and dull pain rather than sharp, intermittent pain. (Layzell, Mandy; Current Interventions and Approaches to Postoperative Pain Management; British Journal of Nursing; March, 2008; Vol.17 No.7).

Since she was already on an opioid, morphine sulfate, which is fairly inexpensive, has a record of being the easiest for a patient to tolerate, and is simply the easiest of the IV analgesics to use, I felt the first step would be to increase her dosage from 0.5 mg. per bolus to 1.0 mg. per bolus. This was to begin immediately and I immediately arranged for the IV to be altered.

I spent a few moments talking to the patient about my decision to increase the dosage of morphine sulfate to combat the pain. She would still have the patient controlled analgesic device and the time would be the same. I informed her that this should help ease her pain and I would be back around in an hour to see if she felt better. I reminded her that if she needed anything else she should ring for the nurse’s station and someone would be there. I double checked that all her needs were met; marked the visit in the nurse’s chart and left to see my next patient. An hour later I returned to find her sleeping, and when she awoke later, said she was feeling much better, the pain was in control. She was even hungry!

This assignment has proved personally valuable for several reasons. First, while I have been studying nursing for some time, and beginning to practice in the field on real patients, I find that this opportunity to reflect on the level of my skills, on paper, leaves me feeling more confident. I feel I am beginning to perfect my ability to conduct a holistic assessment as well as a physical assessment and recognize the value of a certain ‘rhythm’ to performing either with professionalism and organization.

This assignment also allowed me to share my first foray into prescribing medication to treat my first real diagnosis, both successful. My chosen intervention was decide after reviewing the patient information available as well as drawing on my knowledge of what the appropriate pain medication is to treat the appropriate symptom. As the reader can see from my bibliography, research supports the use of an opioid for sustained pain. Research reinforces the fact that cancer patients experience acute and sustained pain at a fairly high level post-op and opioids, such as morphine or codeine, are the best weapons in the drug arsenal with which to battle this pain. My choice to increase the dosage made perfect sense as a first attempt to control her pain. The fact that it worked reinforced my self-confidence. Had she continued to complain, I would have chosen to supplement this medicine with a nonopioid before increasing the dosage of the opioid.

Bibliography

Altman, G.Physical Assessment SkillsDelmar, 2004

Carperito-Moyer, JHandbook of Nursing DiagnosisLippincott, 1999

Cox, CarolPhysical Assessment for NursesBlackwell P. 2004

Crisp, Jackie, Patricia Ann Potter, Anne Griffin Perry, Catherine Taylor

Potter; Perry’s Fundamentals of Nursing; Elsevier Australia, 2005

Ferrante, F. Michael, Gerard W. Ostheimer, Benjamin G. Covino; Patient-controlled Analgesia‎; 1990

Fulford, K. W. M., Steven Ersser, R. A. Hope, Tony Hope; Essential Practice in Patient-centred Care‎ Blackwell Publishing1996

Gregg , Davis Weinert; Life and Health Insurance Handbook‎ , 1964

Layzell, MandyCurrent Interventions and Approaches to Postoperative Pain Management British Journal of Nursing, 2004

Locker , Sarah; Holistic assessment of cancer patients’ pain: reflections on current practice; International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 2008, Vol 14 No 2).

Locker, SarahJournal of Palliative CareVol. 14. No.2

McFarland, G. Planning for Patient Care Mosby Pub. 2004

Narrow , Barbara W., Kay Brown Buschle; Fundamentals of Nursing Practice‎; Wiley 1987

National Institute for Clinical Excellence; Improving Outcomes in Breast Cancer Manual Update

Price, Christopher IM, Seong W Han, Iain A Rutherford; Advanced nursing practice: an introduction to physical assessment; British Journal of Nursing, 2000, Vol 9, No 22

Simpson, Heidi; Respiratory assessment; British Journal of Nursing, 2006, Vol 15, No 9

Walker, Jennie-April, Philosophy, knowledge and theory in the assessment of pain; British Journal of Nursing, 2003, Vol 12, No 8

SAMPLE CARE PLAN FOR PATIENT

Directions to the nurse:

Review patient medical history and previous assessments

Review overall assessment and current medical condition

Moving and handling risk assessment

Infection risks assessment

Physical assessment (bp, vitals, etc)

Determine current needs of patient: ie. Pain; mobility and comfort; communication; activities; clothing; hygiene; diet; elimination; relaxation; sleep.

Check that all hoses attached to IV are working and clear. Check the level of the medicine left in the IV to determine how soon you will need to change it.

Maintain records of each visit into the room and the reason for it. Keep careful charting of the amount of medicine prescribed.

Make note of any special needs for this patient and make them visible to each nurse who will follow.

Consider the length of time for the current dosage (for ex. The patient in this case study) for opportunities to decrease the dosage without affecting the pain of the patient.

Try to stop through every couple hours – or more often for patients who are very ill.

Name

Professor

Course Date

The Role of Women in Sundiata

The story of Sundiata was a legend that was passed down generations by word of mouth in Mali, Africa. The story is about the young prince Sundiata who was treated as an outcast at a young age but later came back to reclaim his place as the rightful heir to the throne. The book Sundiata: An Epic of Mali has different sections that suggest the different roles of men and women in the culture it is set in. Most examples show how women were subordinates, inferior members of the society treated like a commodity that could be given away as wives regardless if their opinion. Despite all these odds, these women go on to achieve greatness.

Throughout the book, men hold all positions of authority and included kings, rulers, hunters, warriors, and griots (Gries). Men held the most prestigious roles in society and were considered household heads. Men in this Mali society made decisions, went to war, and hunted for food. Women, on the other hand, would handle tasks such as gardening, gathering and preparing meals, and looking after homes. They had no much influence in decisions that affected their lives. They were considered a commodity by means of which they were treated. However, women in stark contrast to another side of this epic were depicted as powerful. The buffalo woman who has been terrorizing the village has a lot of power and influences the kingship of Mali. Sogolon, Sundiata’s mother, is not an ordinary woman. She does not bow to the wishes of the king to have her after the hunters gift her to him (Niane). It is not only when she gets unconscious that the king takes her and consummates their marriage. The act was cruel and showed how devalued women were in this kingdom and ascertained to the cruel treatment of women in this epic.

John Milton’s Paradise Lost, similar to Sundiata, tries to depict women as inferior to men. Eve in paradise lost is considered inferior because she was made out of Adam’s image. Milton looks into the Bible to draw the depiction of the women in the holy book (Milton). The Bible, according to Milton, speaks of women as subordinate to man the way man is subordinate to God. In the same way, women in Sundiata are considered inferior and of service to men as if they were created to serve their desires regardless. Paradise Lost also tries to depict a woman as inferior of mind. The author says that Eve leaves the conversation between Raphael and Adam because she is too shallow-minded to comprehend what the two men are discussing. The book continues to suggest that she would rather wait for Adam to explain to her and help her decipher their “thoughts abstruse” that she cannot fathom unless “intermixed with grateful digressions” and “conjugal caresses” of her partner (8.39-57).

Unlike Paradise Lost, Women drive the story in Sundiata. Although they are treated as a commodity and considered the weaker gender, their presence in the epic is apparent. In the beginning, the hunters would not be successful at slaying the buffalo is she did not let them and told them about the prophecy. Sologon would not have been the mother of a king if she did not resist the hunters. If she did not pressure Sundiata to walk, he probably would have remained a cripple. Sassouma also plays a part when she plots against Sundiata and Sologon, causing them to flee to exile. Nana also becomes the reason why Sundiata is king and helps him in his conquest for the throne.

Although Sundiata has countless instances of women being mistreated, they still stand out, by the way, they conduct themselves. They are exceptional mothers that are loyal to their families and culture. Sogolon does everything in her power to ensure the safety of her son from those that mean him harm (Khan). Sassouma is also an indication of power as she is able to send witches after Sundiata for she considered him a threat to the throne she considered her son’s right. Nana also proves loyalty to her brother and family by faking marriage and pretending to denounce his brother in order to learn the secrets of Soumaoro. The harsh treatment of women in this epic does not stop them from finding ways to stand out and show their heroic personalities. In the end, they appear majestic despite being condemned to a narrative of inferiority and dependence.

Works Cited

Gries, William. “The Role of Griots in Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali.” The Histories 2017 (complete volume) (2016).

Khan, Roshan Benjamin. “Images of mother in Ramayana and Sundiata. A comparative critique.” International Journal of English and Literature 3.4 (2013): 123-128.

Milton, J. (2005). Paradise lost. Hackett Publishing.

Niane, Djibril Tamsir. “Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali. 1965.” Trans. GD Pickett. Edinburgh: Pearson (2006).

The Romantic Period

Name

Institution

The Romantic Period

The romantic period was an era characterized by Romanticism, a movement that took over Western Europe and went as far as Russia towards the end of the 18th and the early year of the 19th century. Literary experts and scholars believe that the romantic period began with the publication of the works of William Wordsworth and Samuel Coleridge in 1798 (Curran, 2017). During this year, the two poets published the “Lyrical Ballads,” a volume that contained their best works. Other scholars suggest an earlier date for the beginning of the romantic period, with some quoting as early as 1785 (Horrell, 2014. Romanticism reached America at around the first quarter of the 19th century. The literature during this period used channels that were not entirely original but dissimilar to the standard literary practice of the preceding century. These new practices did not emphasis or put much importance on reason like it was in the 18th century, and in its place came imagination, emotion, and individual awareness. As a movement, Romanticism was inspired by what was referred to as the “rage for roots” among other areas it drew its energy. An increasing sense inspired the literature during the romantic period, and the creative potential characteristic of the inflexible formalism of enlightenment philosophy and art had was considered drained. People were also becoming increasingly weary of “the rule of the few.” The news of the resounding success of the American revolution against imperialism and that of the French against the “rule of the few” and other popular wars of independence that followed in other parts of the world, including Spain, Greece, and Poland, was a huge motivation.

Various themes and concepts defined the direction of Romanticism, most notably the cry for democracy. “liberty, equality, and brotherhood” was the motto of the French revolution and exhaustively summarizes the political obsession of the romantic period (Jackson, 2016). Many people during the era were becoming increasingly convinced that real power originates from the consent of the governed. Towards the latter part of the romantic period, nationalism became a vital force in creativity. During this time, poets and musicians alike used nationalism to define identity similar to the political state. The early years of the Romantic period were characterized by war. The American Revolution had just come to an end, and the French Revolution was at its peak and continued up to 1799 and was followed by the Napoleonic wars less than two decades after. These served as the foundation of Romanticism. Then came the industrial revolution, an era that exploited workers and used child laborers. Romantic poets of the time spoke on the issue with the likes of William Blake and Elizabeth Barret-Browning, terming the abuse of children in this manner the curse of their times. The industrial revolution brought in progress and with it optimism. As a result, many people moved to urban areas causing overpopulation, dirtying the city, and increasing illnesses. Romantic poets created imaginative literature that allowed people to escape their reality. This paper discusses the romantic period and analyzes prominent works during this period.

William Blake wrote one of the most popular works of the Romantic Era and majored on the theme of poverty and the exploitation of children in labor. The poem tells the story of children that lived a life of misery and had no choices beyond sweeping chimneys at a young age to earn a living. Poets like William Blake created content that offered relief to a population that was miserable battling poverty, illnesses, and societal prejudices. Blake tells a story in the poem in the first person detailing how he ended up sweeping chimney after his mother’s demise. In the poem, he also narrates the story of Tom, a fellow chimney sweeper who gets hurt after his head is shaved. He goes into a slumber after the narrator consoles him and has a dream that all sweepers had died and were visited by an Angel that sets them free. In this poem, William Blake uses escapism by journeying the reader into the countryside (a standard style used by poets of that era) “And he opened the coffins & set them all free; Then down a green plain, leaping, laughing they run, And wash in a river and shine in the Sun” (Blake & Piech, 1969) William Blake embraced the notion that most people at the time wanted an escape.

The literature of the Romantic period modeled its heroes in a way that made them apt to challenge the societal norms and morals contrary to traditional heroes that championed these norms. A good example is Nietzsche’s and his notion of the ubermensch (overman). In this notion, Nietzsche’s expressed a fascination with an individual’s potential to self-create and self-motivate, similar to other poets of this era. Although Nietzsche briefly mentions ubermensch in the prologue of Thus Spoke Zarathustra, it remains one of his signature concepts. It can be construed that Nietzsche had some perception in his mind of how a man should be. Ubermensch, in Thus Spoke Zarathustra, as described by the main character (Zarathustra), is the person prepared to risk it all for the sake of the enrichment of humanity. Nietzsche contrasts the overman with the last man whose desire is his well-being and comfort. Zarathustra describes a man that has a positive attitude and realizes the limitations he has or faces in life, an attitude that allows him to live a life he would be comfortable living again despite encountering moments of pain and suffering.

George Gordon Byron, known as Lord Byron, was a poet that drew inspiration from Napoleon Bonaparte. It might also be safe to say that Lord Byron had an obsession with Napoleon, something that might have inspired him for his role in the Greek Revolution. In his poem, Defeat of Napoleon, Lord Byron talked about perhaps the most infamous paradigm of individualism in the 19th century. Byron admires Napoleon’s daring individualism that saw him rise to the rank of the most powerful man in France who also triumphed in Europe, although for a short but very influential period. Napoleon had no regard for existing styles, tastes, and created laws that had little regard for public opinion. Byron admired Napoleon, although, at some point, he detested his excessive autocratic rule. In Defeat Of Napoleon, he speaks of him as “There sunk the greatest, nor the worst of men, Whose spirit antithetically mixt, One moment of the mightiest, and again…”

Shelley Percy Bysshe is one of the greatest poet, critic, and influential figures of the romantic movement. Like poets of his era, P. B. Shelly lead a life that did not conform to the moral code and can be considered by various means radical. His attitude towards love, marriage, and revolution made him a dangerous immoralist to a traditional group. Shelly is regarded as a Romantic poet based on his use of emotion in his works. The Romantics proposed emotion against logic because they believed emotion was natural, and man was created with the ability to feel while the same cannot be said about logic. Shelly’s poems had extreme emotion in their subjects. The Romantics also referred back to nature as the source of inspiration and emotion. The wonders of nature made the subject of most of Shelly’s poems. A good illustration is Shelley’s Ode “To a Skylark.” Traditionally, odes praised the achievement of men or their creation, but “To a Skylark” praises a bird. The ode praises the bird for pouring its emotions without prior preparations. The person looking at the bird does not analyze it. Alternatively, they appreciate its “shrill delight” and “harmonious madness.”

Mary Wollstonecraft is seldom considered during the discussion of the influencers of the romantic age. She is remembered in other senses but not so well in the literary sense, leave alone her contribution to the romantic period. Wollstonecraft led an unconventional life and had terrible love experiences. Her romantic nature did, however, extend beyond his, and her appreciation of nature came even before the romantic period identified itself with naturalism. She found solace and inspiration from nature. She spoke of the rugged grandeur of the Norwegian cliffs, or the grass that lushes her countryside. The countryside had a special effect on her because it allowed her the sentience originating from bucolic settings. “I did, as it were, homage to their venerable shadows. Not nymphs, but philosophers, seemed to inhabit them-ever musing; I could scarcely conceive that they were without some consciousness of existence” (Wollstonecraft, 2016).

William Wordsworth is credited with launching Romanticism in English literature after he published Lyrical Ballads alongside Coleridge. He is one of the three prominent poets in a group of poets living in the Lake District and nicknamed the Lake Poets. His first contribution to Romanticism began with his attempt to make poetry available to the common man by using everyday language, “I wandered lonely as a cloud”( Wordsworth, 2005). Lyrical Ballads was the power that began the romantic movement in England. Nature was the dominant theme in most, if not all, of Wordsworth’s writing. His focus was on emotion, flowers, and trees, and when he ventured into romance, he worked to bring man and woman back to nature with a focus on the individual.

In general, the writers and poets of the romantic era precluded traditional beliefs. They worshiped nature in the place of a superior being. Romanticism was opposed to the governing systems across Europe that entailed giving power to a few people without asking the governed. They also assumed that goodness was in-built, and people were born that way until society corrupted them. The Romantic period was a time when people were increasing becoming liberal and calling for their improved rights and privileges. Most poets and authors talked about relief from the problems that populations were encountering. The politics of this era was leaned more towards human nature, maintaining the assumption that people are inherently good, and their transgression result from want and poor education. Romanticism was a movement that advocated for the freedom of the heart and mind through the creation of opportunity.

References

Blake, W., & Piech, P. P. (1969). The chimney sweeper. Bushey, Eng: Taurus Press.

Curran, S. (2017). Romantic Poetry: The I Altered. In Romantic Writings (pp. 279-293). Routledge.

Horrell, W. C. (2014). William Wordsworth and the Theology of Poverty. The Wordsworth Circle, 45(4), 356.

Jackson, J. D. J. (2016). Poetry of the romantic period. Routledge.

Wollstonecraft, M. (2016). Letter IX. In Delphi Complete Works of Mary Wollstonecraft (Illustrated). East Sussex, UK: Delphi Classics.

Wordsworth, W. (2005). Daffodils. Hastings W.-Nw. J. Envt’l L. & Pol’y, 12, 33.

The role the Greek gods play in the plays of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides

In ancient Greece, the role of gods is so important that without them the story almost does not exist. Therefore their role is of particular significance because it is upon these gods the people placed their faith and their belief as to what they were supposed to do at a particular time. It is also upon these gods that the people’s behaviors and ways of living are controlled and influenced. The gods are the basic elements of Greek mythology and they are the ones worshipped thus their importance in the lives of the society at that particular time. These gods included Zeus who is considered to have been their leader among other gods like Poseidon, Demeter, Athena, Hera among others.

In the play of Aeschylus, we realize that the role of God is of a very significant aspect. In this play, we see how king Agamemnon was compelled to sacrifice his daughter for the sake of his assurance that he will travel safely to the city of troy. This shows how the people of greek were fully dependent on the gods and how they could even go to the extent of human sacrifice for the sake of pleasing these gods. Therefore from this example of king Agamemnon, we get to know that the gods were of utmost importance in realizing and determining what a person would do and that they needed for the sake of their lives and their families.

Clytemnestra also goes to the palace and lights a fire at the altar of the gods. Here he begins to invoke the gods and thanks to them for the victory. He especially thanks Zeus for ensuring their victory and this is of paramount importance. He also talks to the people and how they should observe the ordinances which had to be followed to please the gods and that the people should never do anything to make the gods displeased as this would make their lives miserable when the gods decide to show their anger upon the people. This is of paramount importance and people obey and believe that these gods will always protect them in everything they do. Therefore the people firmly believe that these gods can bring them the success of destruction in that if they do well they get success but if they do badly they get negative feedback from the gods and lack of support as well.

In Sophocles, the gods are seen as controlling the lives of Thebans in almost everything they do. The gods are mainly concerned with a person’s destiny in this text. This is because many characters want to live their lives freely and who think that they can overpower the gods but this does not happen and what the gods have prophesied happens at the end of it all. This is a sign that the gods are powerful and they control the lives of human beings. Thus the best thing to do is to respect and honor them. This is depicted in the behavior of Jocasta whereby she thought she had the powers to change the will and the prophecy of the gods by tying her son who was prophesied to kill her husband. Even though she thinks that this will prevent what the gods prophesied it still happens and she is angry at it. Therefore the gods can be said to be the destiny makers of the people of Greece in those particular times because they are the most important part of their lives.

In this text we see gods portrayed as bad and they are defamed. This is because they tried to destroy him and his family for no reason. This is a contradiction of what is commonly believed that gods are good and they cannot cause unnecessary pain to someone. This they do by telling Oedipus of his destiny through the oracle of Apollo, they also bring a plague to the people of Thebes which are unlike the gods. Even though Oedipus tries to convince the people that what happens around his life is not his fault it is very difficult for the people to understand and therefore this acts to portray what is seen as the gods failing and the blame being placed on Oedipus.

Demeter was one of the gods in the text about Euripides. She was able to change her form and prevent herself from growing old and therefore beauty was ever around her as she remained young. In Euripides as well as in Sophocles there is no escaping the gods and what they want happens at the end of everything as they are seen to be destiny makers. This is seen in Euripides through the killing of Pentheus. This is because he tries to maintain a certain order against the will of Bacchae who is the god. Therefore in this case we get to see that the gods were very wise and no human mind of efforts could overpower them.

In conclusion, we can say that the human nature to have a sense of belonging was satisfied during the Greek times by the presence of the gods whom they worshipped and gave their allegiance to. It is also evident that the gods liked obedience and being considered the overall. However, this nature can be said to have made the gods more than powerful and proud; this is because even though they are all-powerful and ever knowing and yet they can help the people be better they at times destroy the lives of the people intentionally which is against the will of the people.