Category: Uncategorized

Advantages of Distance LearningDistance learning is the study mode void of the immediate or constant supervision of the instructors or the lecturers; it benefits from the guidance of tutorials and planning of a tutorial organization. Distance learning is where the student is far away from the tutors, and the institution of learning, the model lacks the interactivity or face-to-face contact between the student and the tutor (Banas & Emory, 1998).

Modern communication media play an indispensable role in ensuring that that the tutorials of the tutor and counseling system reach the student in local centers or any other place where the student can access that medium in real time. Distance learning no doubt has a value to the busy and well-motivated adults because they can access the learning environment at the comfort of their homes.

Distance learning day in day out is attracting so many learners across the globe who are either busy to attend the classes in person or lack the financial capability to do so. The learner is supposed to have a reliable media through which the tutors can access them (Carr, 2000). One of the common media that is in distance learning is the internet that connects all the places in the world. The tutor may also decide to use phone calls or the radio depending on the agreement they make with their students.

In this case, the study pack will revolve around the continuing education in the field of shoulder dystocia. Shoulder dystocia is a complication that occurs at childbirth such that the after-birth of the unborn baby, the baby’s anterior shoulders remain dislodged behind the mother’s pubic bone in the vagina. Shoulder dystocia is the most anxiety provoking emergencies that the health professional encounter in the maternity ward. It results from the impaction of the posterior shoulder on the sacral promontory. So many factors influence the shoulder dystocia inclusive of the mother’s health and the extraction mechanism used during delivery.

The learning program in question is the continuing education. Continuing education here means that the students are professionals seeking to enhance their knowledge about shoulder dystocia. Shoulder dystocia captures our interests, as it is the most challenging emergencies that tend to trouble physicians and midwifes. The learning resources are within the confines of the system, on the internet or any other open learning resources as specified by that institution. Interestingly, the open learning institution module is common to many colleges and universities and any middle-level institution offering post-high school studies. Any educational institution that wishes to offer distance learning can access it by buying the software and programme the site to suit their demands or as per the requirements of the course (Li, Tsai & Tsai, 2008).

At the end of this program, we are going to know how we are going to handle different situations leading to shoulder dystocia. Just like any other institution that the students are attending, open learning offers great opportunities for their students to develop skills, professionalism, and discipline. A student is not supposed to miss the online tutorials because they will account for the overall aggregate grade. In some institutions, the students make attempts and attend live classes for the lecturers and tutors to access their personalities.

2. Describe the type of model

Pedagogical model used in this study because it meant for open and distance learning (E-learning) and it entails of the students who are away from classes because they are busy, or they are self- motivated somewhere. The nurses are students of this program of the course, and they form the same audience with the labor. In pedagogical model of education, the students and the teacher or the tutor cannot meet at any point but discuss their class work through the internet. In studying shoulder dystocia, the nurses can find material for use on the internet or bookstores.

In the pedagogical model education is not only a social tool that delivers messages from one individual to another, but also to expedite another person’s social status. This type of a model boosts an individual’s cultural aspect and at the same instance, develops the character’s skill at will. Educators do not have individualism and do not have a lot of freedom. The program is tailor-made for home-based students. The nurses are required to login to the educational site and follow the instructions. The choice of this program in the shoulder dystocia is because most of the nurses are busy with their jobs, therefore, cannot afford to attend physical classes. The program ensures that nurses can attend their online classes at their convenient time.

3. Describe the learning program

Continuing education is a post-secondary education meant to enable one to acquire additional certificates or credits in order to enable them maintain their Licence. Therefore, nurses are required to undergo this training to add value towards their career and consequently increase their knowledge as far as their nursing is concern. Shoulder dystocia is a dangerous problem that many women suffer. The nurses are required to know how they should handle such patients to avoid further maternal deaths.

The program will also require each nurse to cover all the required topics as stipulated in the curriculum; the topics covered revolve around handling shoulder dystocia cases. The program’s aim is to educate nurses on the recent advances of shoulder dystocia and other aspects of attending a laboring woman in the maternity room. Coming to the end of this course, those students who will be successful will receive a certificate as proof of having undergone training on handling shoulder dystocia cases.

The program encompasses many learning objectives about shoulder dystocia. The learners should be in a position of stating the common risks factors that a patient with shoulder dystocia can face. Students will also be required to describe the potential complications of shoulder dystocia. The study will also focus on the areas where the student performs maneuvers to relieve shoulder dystocia. Finally, the study will also describe the components of a shoulder dystocia.

This program on shoulder dystocia will cover the following topics:

Introduction- this is a brief introduction of the term shoulder dystocia. The introduction gives the definition of the term shoulder dystocia

Identify the risk factors: in this case, we are going to discuss some of the dangerous factors that may have caused the problem of shoulder dystocia to happen. It will include factors such as the gestational diabetes, short stature, postdates pregnancy, abnormal pelvic anatomy, and previous shoulder dystocia.

Complications of shoulder dystocia: in this case we are going to consider some of the dangers ta woman is likely to incur after she has been affected by shoulder dystocia such as the uterine rupture, symphyseal separation postpartum hemorrhage, recto-vaginal fistula and brachial plexus palsy.

Reduction maneuvers: this will cover on how the nurse should respond to the state of shoulder dystocia such as call for help, McRobert maneuver. Suprapubic pressure, enter maneuver and removal of the posterior arm.

Simulation case: comprises of case studies that will help in the analysis of the shoulder dystocia. The nurses in the delivery room are ready to deliver the patient. It will also consider what the labor and delivery nurses are going to do? The doctors at this stage are having hard time to deliver this patient.

Posttest: consider some of the risk factors for shoulder dystocia, post-delivery complications, and components of a shoulder dystocia.

There must be the development of a portfolio, in a way that it tests all the students across the board. The portfolio will act as a platform through which the instructor and the students are supposed to check their quality work there. The lecturer can trace the student who never did the assignment or test. The portfolio will thereafter send the information to the instructor for assessment and grading. Therefore, distance learning will put the nurses to task and have the course done. Every student who is in the program must have a portfolio that will enable the tutors to do pre-and –post-tested with a standardized way of an assessment that will educational functioning level.

The portfolio will serve as a checker of the students to the lecturer and therefore serve the following functions:

It will serve as the only way that the lecturer will use to determine the student progress without solely on the standardized test scores.

It identifies the students who drops very earlier from the portfolio and establish the standard way of dealing with such students.

Portfolio also ensures the students have participated in an online educational learning process. The portfolio, on the other hand, will ensure that references are up to date to ensure that the student has moved to a certain level thus meeting academic and personal goals.

Every portfolio must include specific components to its students. It is to ensure that the components belong to each and ensure standardization of the education or access to all the students across the board.

The tutorials in the portfolio will take at most 60minutes and later automatically reviewing every 90 days. The learners now are required to a sitting paper, which will prepare them for graduation.

4. Teaching strategies

Learning strategies involves ways in which the teacher uses to improve the understanding of its students. In distance learning, therefore, the nurses are equipped with the simplest ways of understanding better the concept of shoulder dystocia in the delivery room. Online learning, therefore, incorporates the element of teaching strategies that are likely to be in class in its teaching and learning. It means that the learners can still get to understand as if they were in class attending lectures of a live teacher.

There is a lot of activeness from the student for the sake of understanding. The student portfolio is in a way that no more usage of time than set. The student, therefore, must have to ensure that he must work within the specified time for him to earn good marks. Another element is a critical thinking; a learner must have to read and critically analyze the question to give a collect answer to a particular question. The labor and delivery nurses must ensure that whatever they are going to write about the shoulder dystocia is justified and stands to be true according to the nursing profession.

In distance learning, the student learns about inter-disciplinary teaching just like a live class. It happens when the lecture assesses its students online and ensures that he or she copes with the speed and answers all the questions that are in her portfolio. If a student fails to observe time and answer all the questions, discipline is for those with low marks.

There is also instructional learning where the student has instructions based on what the lecturer demands from him. It happens because the instructor guides the student on what to do in every step he or she takes. This way of learning ensures a live serene between the instructor and the student, instructions followed and where possible the student can ask questions.

5. Literature on shoulder dystocia

A study done by Genon (1992) showed critical value of clinical estimation of fetal weight may be slightly higher than when it is with trasonography. Later the second part of this study will focus on prenatal diagnosis of microsomia caused by the occurrence of the shoulder dystocia and the birth trauma resulting to preventing it from occurring again.

Levine (1992) showed that if the microsomia were present then ninth percent of the fatal in birth would increase given gestational age. Therefore, he concluded that the sonographic prediction was wrong citing it was 50% of the both underestimation and overestimated that fetal weight.

McFarland (1998) argued that microsomic infants of diabetic mothers have larger shoulder that makes it impossible for a kid not to get out of the mother’s vagina. Anthropomorphic characteristics explain the propensity for shoulder dystocia amongst this population. This characteristic makes the fetus grow abnormally in their shoulders thus making it difficult for a child to pass through vagina.

Orskou 2003 discovered that women with parity of more than two had a great chance of giving birth to a microsomic baby who is underweight hence having difficulty in giving birth due to shoulder dystocia. Baskett (1995) gave evidence on microsomia associated continued growth of the fetal growth in pre-birth pregnancies thus presenting a high risk of shoulder dystocia.

Acker (1986) pointed that the relative frequency of shoulder dystocia varied directly with the increasing weight of the baby there it a fact that the babies who were in the average body size recorded an ordinary delivery. In a research conducted in Beth Israel Hospital that forth seven percent of the babies who were shoulder dystocia and weighed more than 4000gms weight category thus encompassing ninth one percent of the total deliveries.

Moodle is the online technology that can transmit and offer academic programs such as videos and text messages. Moodle provides a suitable interface in which the learner and the instructor’s responses can reach each of them in a proper way. Moodle is for educational reasons, can make an evaluation in regard of what the student has written.

The course will take three months comprising a whole semester. There will be 3 hours a week, and it will be a standalone session. Students attend their online classes on Thursdays starting exactly ten o’clock in the morning to one afternoon.

Movies Stereotyping The Mentally IllThe portrayal of mentally ill people in cinema is very negative and steotypyical and limits the self esteem of the mentally ill. Consider yourself a child who has been locked away in the wards of our state institutions. You have been told all of his life that he suffers from a mental illness. Whenever you turns on the TV or watches a movie all you hears is that the mentally-ill are violent and dangerous.

Movies like “Halloween” and “Silence of the Lambs” will reassure you that he will forever need to be vigilant of his violent tendencies and must make every effort to stop his anti-social behavior. You must never forget to take the medications that will save you from yourself. Newspapers that demand forced hospitalization and incarceration make him tremble with fear. This is a recipe for disaster and would make the perfect plot for a horror movie about how people can become what they are constantly told that they are.

Negative images of mental health recipients are so common that peoples perception is one of fear and paranoia. “We continue to be appalled, saddened and disgu sted by our results,” laments George Gerbner, Professor of Telecommunications at Temple University and author of the Cultural Indicators Project Report. Founded 25 years ago to measure television’s and movies diversity and cultural impact on the viewers, the latest study done in 1997 suggests, among other things, that the image of people labeled mentally-ill as “psychotic” and “evil people” has become deeply embedded in our popular culture. The study was based on an analysis of 6,882 speaking parts appearing in hundreds movies shows over a three year period.. While there are certainly acts of violence committed by people who are labeled “mentally-ill”, the percentage is so minuscule compared to acts of violence committed overall in American society. According to Special Agent George D. DeShazor Jr. of th!

e FBI’s Behavorial Science Unit “the majority of crimes in America are committed by people with all levels of functioning and personality types… only a small portion (states 3%) of violence in American society can be attributed to mental illness!” Says Mr. DeShazor: “Despite the infrequency in display of violence with the mentally-ill, mental disorder and violence are closer linked in the public mind.” (Violence and Mental Illness). And ironically, according to Phil Donahue’s national best-seller The Human Animal, “3% of all murders committed in the United States are committed by parents who murder their own children”, and yet I know of no law which forces parents to take medications or to receive “treatment.” Is this because most people would realize how ludicrous it would be to scapegoat 97% of parents because of the behavior of the other 3%? And according to a 1993 University of California study on the prevalence of behavioral disorders in the United States in the mid-198!

0’s, being laid off from a job was a much more significant factor in determining the risk of potentially violent behavior than having a history of “mental illness!” So the actual facts diametrically oppose the media propaganda and the ironic truth is that the overwhelming majority of people labeled “mentally-ill” are not violent!!! Just like the overwhelming majority of postal employees are not violent and have never executed their co-workers. Just like the overwhelming majority of high school students are not violent and have never slaughtered their classmates. Just like the overwhelming majority of police officers are not violent and have never engaged in acts of police brutality. The sad irony is that according to ABC.com mental health recipients are more often the victims of violent crimes rather than the perpertratorsof violent crimes.

Exposing the movies role in promoting the stigma associated with mental illness and to challengeing the media’s deliberate portrayal of people labeled mentally-ill as violent and deranged is essential to help the mentally ill in recovery. Because of the media’s profit-driven need to sensationalize, rare bizarre incidents are being given round-the-clock coverage, in an attempt to keep the ratings high . And as if that were not bad enough, the psycho-horror movie industry is feeding the public it’s daily dose of madmen, “crazies” and maniacs. Because of this “the mentally-ill” have become society’s archetypical villain and are being unjustly committed, scapegoated and even killed by law enforcement officers through out America .This paper is intended to counter the current trend of the movies to demonize “mental illness.” Both promote their own versions of stigma for the same reason profit. It would, of course, be crazy for me to suggest that “the mentally-ill” don’t commit acts of violence. Certainly people labeled mentally-ill are just as human as everyone else. But, it is just as ludicrous to over-emphasize the 3% who do, suggesting that “mental-illness” is synonomous with violence!

“One of the most effective methods of non-rational persuasion is what may be called persuasion-by-association. The propagandist associates his product cause with some idea or image of a person or thing. Movies which stigmatize mental health recipients have been standard fare for Hollywood producers dating back to 1913 with D.W. Griffith’s silent screen portrayal of mental illness “House of Darkness” Probably one of the first movie’s ever to capture on film the public’s perception of “mental illness.” As fate would have it, one of the first movies ever filmed about a psychiatrist in 1919, turns out to be one of the first movies ever filmed about an escaped mental patient, who is none other than the psychiatrist himself, in the movie “When the Clouds Roll By.” Another more disturbing movie directed by Dwain Esper was released in 1934 called “Maniac!” The video sleeve for this movie categorizes it as an exploitation movie. What is remarkable however is that this movie was act!

ually intended to educate its viewers on the varying diagnoses of mental illness. If it were not so disturbing it would be laughable. An online movie reviewer summarizes the movie as: “one of the early examples of exploitation films, Maniac is much more risque than it’s 1934 release date would suppose; what follows is literally a textbook case of demented behavior, with titles to explain the varying psychoses actually included in the film.

But perhaps the movie that singlehandedly ingrained the beleif of the mentally ill as dangerous into the mass consciousness of present day Americian Society was Halloween . And in typical fashion, Dr. Sam Loomis, the psychiatrist who pursues Michael Myers in “Halloween” and who has the same name as his predecessor in “Psycho”, does little to elucidate on Michael’s condition in psychological terms, but resorts instead to the traditonal demon-possessed explanation by declaring that he is “an incarnation of evil.” This tendency to equate evil acts with “mental illness” is a common throughout the history of movies. There is no longer a distinction between people who are “just plain wicked” and people who struggle with anxiety or depression or have post traumatic stress disorders. The two have been conveniently grouped together for the sake of justifying forced treatment and involuntary commitment. And it’s certainly not that evil has gone away or disappeared. Far from it! Ev!

idence of rampant evil is evident in the newspapers daily. It’s just that nowadays we are much more likely to use convenient “terms of absolution” like “untreated mental illness”, “behavioral disorder”, or “chemical imbalance”.

The minute that evil acts are acknowledged for what they are, and the culprits held responsible if they have broken the law rather than coddled because they are so-called mentally-ill, then all those people who truly have a “mental illness” will be free from psychiatric abuse and oppression. That’s not to say that some evil people may not genuinely have a so-called “mental illness” – that’s to say that evil people don’t commit criminal acts because they are “mentally-ill”, but because they are wicked! Not vice-versa! There is no medical solution to moral problems. Or in other words: “you can’t cure evil… because it’s not an illness equate unjustified acts of violence with mental illness. These acts cannot be identified as wicked or evil because to do so would imply a belief in God and the devil. In “Silence of the Lambs,” Officer Starling is admonished by the murderous psychiatrist Dr. Hannibal Lecter who insists: “Nothing happened to me, Officer Starling. I happened! You !can’t reduce me to a set of influences. You’ve given up good and evil for behaviorism, Officer Starling. You’ve got everybody in moral dignity pants, nothing is ever anybody’s fault. Look at me Officer Starling. Can you stand to say I’m evil?” The touching belief that no one is evil, is it’s obvious conclusion… that no one is good The Silence of the Lambs (1991) is one of the most suspenseful, psychological thrillers ever produced. Director Jonathan Demme’s, film is dark, moody, somber, truly frightening, and exhilarating. Ted Tally’s screenplay was based on Thomas Harris’s 1988 best-selling novel of the same name.

The intimate and disturbing characterizations of mass murderers who mutilate their victims usually female were shocking, particularly the character of evil personified – the notorious, intelligent psychopath Hannibal Lecter and his bargaining game to share information about another wanted serial killer (“Buffalo Bill”) with dedicated, fledgling, vulnerable and rising female FBI agent-trainee Clarice Starling (Jodie Foster). The most compelling part of the film is in the developing dynamics of their participation in a cat-and-mouse relationship and the many chilling, spell-binding discussions in four scenes between them. Their relationship dances and alternates back and forth between psychopath and aspiring female agent, deranged psychologist and therapeutic patient, and father and daughter.

The film was a major commercial and critical success, although gay groups complained about its stereotypical depiction of the trans-sexual killer in the end. It was a five-time major Academy-Award winning for Best Picture, Best Actor (Anthony Hopkins), Best Actress (Jodie Foster), Best Director (Jonathan Demme), and Best Adapted Screenplay (Ted Tally) – in the Academy’s history, that had only been duplicated once before One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest (1975) another movie depicting the mentally ill.

In these two scenes Dr. Lecter and Buffolo Bill accuritly0 depict the steotypical Hollywood profile of the mentally ill. The characters are pure evil and violent, they belong locked away for life, without any chance of rehabilitation. The first scence begins in the damp cellar of the serial killer’s liar, Buffalo Bill with his little white poodle named Precious tenderly held in his arms leans over the edge of the pit, talking impersonally to Catherine as an object or “it.” Standing at the bottom of the dark pit, the distressed, captive, hysterical girl looks up at him:

Buffalo Bill: It rubs the lotion on its skin. It does this whenever it’s told.

Catherine: Mister, my family will pay cash. Whatever ransom you’re asking for, they’ll pay it.

Buffalo Bill: It rubs the lotion on its skin, or else it gets the hose again. Yes she will, Precious, or we’ll get the hose.

Buffalo Bill lowers a basket on a rope down into the pit. He orders “it” to place the squeeze bottle of skin lotion which is to keep the victim’s skin supple for a few days into the basket. As the camera pans up the high walls of the pit lit by Bill’s flashlight, it picks up the bloody finger tracks and cracked nails, now dried and brownish, left by other female victims, who tried and failed to claw their way out.

From the scene of Bill taunting his screaming captive, the next scene shows Dr. Lecter, made captive by being strapped and strait-jacketed to a rolling hand truck. His face is imprisoned in a grotesque hockey mask, and he is being mocked by his keeper, Dr. Chilton. Clarice seems to have betrayed Lecter with a deal:

Dr. Chilton You still think you’re gonna walk on some beach and see the birdies? I don’t think so. I called Senator Ruth Martin. She never heard of any deal with you. They scammed you, Hannibal…There never was a deal with Senator Martin but there is now. I designed it. Of course, I worked in a few conditions for my own benefit as well. Identify Buffalo Bill, by name, and if the girl is found in time, Senator Martin will have you transferred to Brushy Mountain State Prison, in Tennessee. Answer me Hannibal. You answer me now, or by God, you’ll never leave this cell. Who is Buffalo Bill?

While Chilton talks to Lecter about a new “deal,” the camera tracks in on a close-up Hannibal’s face, revealing that he is eyeing Chilton’s silver writing pen carelessly left lying on the cell’s cot. Lecter is transferred to Memphis at Senator Martin’s request, information relayed by phone to Crawford from FBI Director Hayden Burke (famed director Roger Corman who gave Demme his directorial start). Justice Department Deputy Attorney General Paul Krendler (Ron Vawter) will take over in Memphis. Later at the Memphis International Airport at night, Lecter restrained with a monstrous face mask arrives bound and strait-jacketed on a hospital stretcher in a hand truck and is met in a secret meeting with a Senator Martin and her assistants on the tarmack.

“Halloween” made in 1978 t was made on a shoe-string budget of $300,000 however, Halloween is one of the highest grossing independant movies of all time. Compass International, the distributor’s of the movie, didn’t have enough funds to release it nationwide at first, it was only after it’s initial success that they found the funds to make additional copies. .However “Halloween” became one of the most successful independent films ever made, grossing over $65 million.{An unrelated interesting fact the mask Michael Myers wears is a cast of film star William Shatner’s face spray painted white)

After the opening scene where Michael stabs his sister with a butcher knife the next time we see him is on his way to the mental institution when the station wagons two headlights appear in the darkness, The back seat is separated from the front by a wire-mesh screen, much like a police car. Marion the nurse is driving. Next to her in the passenger seat is Sam Lomis the clinical psychiatrist. He is a tough-looking man in his forties who flips through pages in a manila folder.

Lomis: then he gets another physical by the state, and he makes his apperance before the judge. That should take four hours if we’re lucky, then we’re on our way.

Marion: What did you use before?

Marion: He’ll barely be able to sit up.

Lomis: hat’s the idea. Here we are.

Through the rain we see a large sign: SMITH’S GROVE – WARREN COUNTY SANITARIUM Behind the sign is the sanitarium itself, a cold-looking building surrounded by a fence.

Lomis; Try to understand what we’re dealing with here. Don’t underestimate “it”

Marion: I think we should refer to “it” as ‘him.

Marion: Your compassion is overwhelming, Doctor.

Through the windshield we see Loomis rush over to the patient, stand and talk for a moment, then hurry back. Loomis climbs back in, dripping from the rain and pulls up to the entrance!

Lomis: Move it! Marion starts down the road.

Lomis: He asked me if I could help him find his purple lawnmower.

Marion: I don’t think this is any time to be funny…

Lomis: He said something else. “It’s all right now. He’s gone. The evil’s gone.”

Ahead of them is the entrance to the sanitarium. Marion slows down to turn. Through the rear window we see Michael spring up out of the darkness and jump ontop of the station wagon. The roof sags in and out with the weight of Michael on top.

Marion: Something fell on the roof. The roof continues to buckle in and out wildly.

Lomis: Something jumped on the roof…

Marion stops and rolls down her window to look outside. Loomis opens his door and steps out. Suddenly he is punched in the face by a powerful fist from the roof. Loomis staggers backwards and falls by the side of the road. and lunges at her and grab her hair. The fingers tighten around her hair and the hand pulls Marion roughly to the window. Twisted around in the seat, Marion’s foot jams down all the way on the gas pedal. The station wagon drives forward. Marion claws at the hand desperate to save her life until the car crashes on the side of the road. Marion is hurled across the seat against the passenger door. Suddenly the hand slams against the passenger window, shattering it. .Marion scurries across the front seat, open’s the driver’s door and scrambles out.. The camera tracks her as she slides down into the muddy shoulder. From the shoulder we see the station wagon take off and disappears down the road into the darkness. Loomis runs up out of the rain and helps Marion!

to her feet. She screams hysterically. Loomis stares off down the road at the disappearing tail-lights.

Lomis: You can calm down. The evil’s gone.

You begin to see the similarities in the portrayal of the mental ill in Americian cinema.

Bibliography:

Chapter 2 Reflection

Student’s Name

Institutional Affiliation

Course Number and Name

Instructor Name`

Due Date

Chapter 2 Reflection

The issue of classical school is an important one in understanding criminology and how punishment methods evolved from around the 18th-century up to now. The classical school of thought is what introduced the new forms of punishment that were not present before and this made the society better because the level of crime was reduced a great deal (Paudel, 2020). All the different arguments presented by different people brought about a reform which made the society a better and a fair place to live in. these include the social contract, Beccaria, Bentham, and spiritual explanation of crime.

The social contract explains the relationship manly between governments and their citizens. However, it can also refer to other institutions which owe each other something due to their mutual nature of issues (Williams III & McShane, 2018). Beccaria published his book ‘On Crimes and Punishments’ where he stated that criminal punishment was not supposed to be based on the harm of the person it was directed to but rather the harm it caused towards the society. Bentham argued that everything done was supposed to be for the happiness of the highest number of individuals in society. When a crime was committed and it had to be punished and there was no clear or completely no explanation about the same, the explanation which was given was spiritual in nature (Yagi, 2021). Judges during this period were also given more freedom to decide since every person accused was different. Deterrence was also a main goal or objective of any punishment.

References

Paudel, K. (2020). Classical School of Criminology and Its Application in Nepali Criminal Justice System. NJA LJ, 14, 143.

Williams III, F.P., & McShane, M.D. (2018). Criminological theory (7th ed.). New York: Pearson. 

Yagi, K. (2021). Marx’s theory of capital in the history of economics: Marx’s concept of capital, classical school, Austrian School, and growth theory. Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review, 1-25.

MOVING IMAGES

By Student’s Name

Course:

Tutor:

Institution:

Date:

Moving Images

Introduction

Films have always been created with diverse views in mind in that some have been created to serve entertainment purposes, others as exposes while others have been created for educational use. However, the most common feature in all this film is the influence of the genre they are based in and the mindset of the director. Directors often influence the course of the film in that most of these films reflect their desires and interests. This is the reason certain movies can only be identified with particular directors. Another thing that affects the making of films is their genre. Different genres demand distinct methods of directing. For instance, horror movies may require enhanced cinematography than drama films. This is because the scene rather than the actors influence the outcome of horror movies. This essay will review diverse elements related to films in the American society and other societies.

Television Series as Work of Art

Anderson (2008) asks a question that many people would ask in a response to HBOs deed to influence audiences to view TV series as works of art. He states that TV programs have always been seen as eye-catching attractions meant to lure the audiences to the adverts on TV. No one had ever dreamed that these TV serials could be looked at in any other way because of its cinematography and the messages conveyed by the movies. However, some scholars think that these serials can be looked at as works of art especially looking at the skill required to produce a watchable program. Additionally, TV series can be interpreted as cultural representatives in that most of them contain some cultural sense. In addition, they are full of social implications.

However, the fact that these programs still inspire a feeling of indifference, and bad nostalgia implies that the effort by some quarters to view the films as a work of art is still misplaced. HBO has tried its best to change these beliefs and make people see TV series as works of art. Their efforts began when the stellar TV series began airing. The thought behind their action was that works of art get a huge respect for their audiences. The thrill that makes people pays huge amounts of money to either view a gallery or buy a piece of art comes stems from the respect that these audiences proffer to the artists and the art itself. From this belief, HBO noted that altering people’s attitudes would be a step in the right direction in TV broadcasting.

The Sopranos integrates a mixture of generic influences, cinematic and televisual elements. The series also offers an array of a trendy culture and past media and basic forms. Perhaps the main difference between The Sopranos and another series is the inter-textual references that bring an assurance that the scenes beyond the one the audience are watching would be likable. In truth, The Sopranos makes the audience like they belong to the program because apart from enhancing the knowledge possessed by the audience, it also contains aspects synonymous with the audience.

Iconography, Conventions and Audience Expectations of the Horror Genre

Trends in audience perceptions on horror films

The years between 1930 and 1970 oversaw the making of horror films, which were obviously poor in quality compared to other film genres. Indeed, these programs were few and sparsely distributed in TV since most people viewed them as imitations of real life’s occurrences. The horror movies were left for the children and the young adults because the adults thought that it was absurd to watch such movies. Occasionally, these movies would be aired in theaters when all the other film genres have been exhausted. Some movies show the perceptions of people towards this genre. However, other films such as Psycho (1960) and The Birds (1963) helped to change these perceptions partly because of the quality of its pictures and plot. Additionally, the fact that the movies were set in the distant past implied that any normalcy synonymous with horror movies had been removed. This implied that the audience could watch these movies without any fright because the notion that they could happen in reality was long gone.

However, some such as Them (1954) had glimpses of reality as the ants in the film seemed to portray the future. Indeed, the supposition that the impact of the atomic bomb and the Cold War would create monsters was the basis for this film. However, the audience were increasing from one day to the next indicating the changing insight into the horror genre. Even then, the directors of such films endeavored to separate the audience from the events happening in the film. This happened after the realization that horror movies inspired fear that did not augur well with the audience.

Iconography of Horror Movies Screaming is the main feature often seen in horror films, and it puts a focus on the commencement of evil in the story. Screaming often occurs after the discovery of a spooky element capable of taking someone’s life. Screaming in horror films often connote human fear for the unexpected while the title of the film is designed to indicate that the audience will experience fear while watching the movie. Although horror films are purposed at bringing fear and edginess in the audience, some incorporate several aspects to make them unforgettable. The adrenaline levels of the audience are raised in the process meaning that the audience is engaged throughout the film. There are several elements synonymous with horror films namely

Discovery – This is usually seen at the beginning of the film as the characters go on with their endeavors usually an expedition. Like the rest of the characters congregate in one place, one character, usually the adventurous one, ventures into another scene. He or she becomes the first to discover the evil, which either kills him or her or maims her. The others come to find out about the existence of the evil later.

Confirmation – This is the point where the characters are persuaded that the evil exists. This raises the fear of the characters as they try to escape while others strategize on how to attack the evil and exterminate it. More times than not, several characters die in the process. The few that remain are successful in getting rid of the evil.

Conventions of Horror Films

There are several conventions that and differentiate and define the horror genre. These may include stylistic conventions or other conventions that make the genre a distinction from the others. The stylistic conventions may include

Sound/Music

The sound and music in horror films are made in such a way to create suspense that informs the viewer of the incoming danger in the subsequent scenes. These sounds are scary and indicate that the action is creepy. In the past, horror films did not put much emphasis on sound and music as they put it nowadays. This made the films appear low quality and unwatchable because they never met their purpose of scaring people. Even so, they had a certain effect on the viewers because they were horrific. Music and sound increase the nervousness of the viewers because of their chilliness. Music has been used over time to signify a horror movie such that there are sounds that are synonymous with the genre.

Lighting

Although all genres lighting is used in several film genres to portray different things in diverse scenes, the horror genre is known to use light and lack of it extensively. Indeed, horror movies are synonymous with low lighting, which enables the directors to produce a contrast of intense light and darkness. Therefore, generating shadows vital in providing a mood needed in a horror film. Scholars state that the shadows act as imagery allowed horror and noir to make the dark stories to be displayed on the screen. Low lighting creates a huge suspense because both the characters and the audience have no idea of what is surrounding them. Moreover, the evil in these films operate more effectively in the darkness implying that during the darkness, the audience is expecting to view an evil event. This creates anxiety and fear in the audience as it foreshadows future events in that particular movie. In this sense, horror films can be known through low lighting, which changes as the film reaches certain points.

In truth, the faint light introduces a dark atmosphere where the unknown often operates while surrounding the actors. The viewers are obviously frightened by these events since they have no idea of what is going to ensue. Most of them sympathize with the characters, and this becomes the reason they get scared throughout the movie. Since viewers have a clue of the principles of a horror film, they have an estimate of what is going to occur to the character. However, they do not know what exactly will happen and at what time. This leaves them at the highest point of suspense.

Low –lighting was an emphasis of horror films in the past since the art of filmmaking was still low. However, some modern horror films do not focus on light so much as the characters and the sounds in the film. The setting of the movie is also very important because it produces that chilling effect. For instance, Wrong Turn series are set in the forest where the monsters become the hallmark of the movie because they have experience in this environment.

Camera Work

A particular camera work has become synonymous with horror movies hence becoming one of its conventions. Canted angles, intense close-ups, shots from both the point of view and constant shots have become the elements that built anxiety within the audience. Indeed, horror movies exhibit slow movement of the camera, which symbolize that an event is about to occur. This element coupled with the underlying music and sounds generates tension among the viewers hence enhancing the effect of the cinema on the viewers.

The camera allows the viewers to watch the movie in a different way from other movies since this convention can show the subsequent events. This implies that horror movies have an aura of predictability that is attractive to many audiences. Changing these conventions may have a distinctive effect on several groups of audiences since a change is always opinionated. Some may be irked by the changes because of the attractiveness of knowing what is happening next while some may be thrilled due to the undesirability of predictability. However, the outcome of genres in film must be predictable since it is the only way that these genres can be defined. Moreover, an audience chooses to watch a certain genre because of the conventions identified with it. This implies that there have very little changes in the conventions of horror movies concerning camera styles since its inception due to the needs of the audiences.

The horror film conventions and iconography defined above defined viewers expectations as they are the main elements of horror movies. However, these expectations have changed over time, as the audiences demand movies that do not necessarily imitate reality. Moreover, since the quality of pictures in movies was stressed, the viewers expected that the horror genre would be made of high-quality pictures too. Recently, any movie with a low picture quality is never watched since the critics start by reviewing the quality of the images in the film.

National and international cinema

Although Hollywood cinemas may have different settings, they reflect the production strategies synonymous with American. Although the setting may appear to be other parts of the world, the strategies always used reflect Hollywood’s style. Most American films, including those done in other parts of the world are founded on Hollywood values and principles. One watches a movie and without being told the location of the production, they sense that it is from Hollywood from the quality of pictures and the plot of the film. Hollywood films have become very popular to an extent that they can no longer be termed as national cinema. Indeed, most of the events in the Hollywood movies emphasize on events happening in other countries rather than those happening in America. Perhaps the major element that shows the American in the movies is the actors who hail from the Hollywood. However, the improvement of the film industry all over the world implies the existence of movies that imitate, or differentiate itself from Hollywood. One such cinema is the British Cinema, which is seen as imitating the strategies used in Hollywood.

Indeed, British Cinema is seen as lacking its culture as it portrays cultures from other parts of the world. However, this aspect has catered for the Western, who is thrilled by the prospect of watching diverse culture apart from their culture. An example of such a flick is the Crocodile Dundee. The fact that these movies may utilize non-American actors does not imply that they are not imitating Hollywood. In fact, these actors play Hollywood characters making them seem like Hollywood movies. Therefore, while movies from different parts of the world try to have a national outlook, the effect of Hollywood standards is still visible in their films. This is perhaps Hollywood has been taunted as the best film production in the universe, a fact that is arguably true.

The impact of the Director on the outcome of a film

Films combine elements such as the script, the setting, the actors, the designers, the director, and the support staff in its production. However, the director is seen as the major element that determines the course of the film because his or her ideas come to the fore during the production of the film. The fact that film production requires versatility implies that the director can choose to change particular aspects to fit the preferences of his or her audiences. This can also be seen in the outcomes of films as two directors can direct a movie and the two movies receive different receptions from the audiences. Moreover, different genres have different directors.

Elements of cinematography such as the camera angle are the main factors that determine the impact of directors on a film. These elements make the director the author of the movie and hence he or she is responsible for all the events in the movie. One director who portrays the ideas in the auteur theory is Joss Whedon, whose style of directing is seen to influence the outcome of the film.

Whedon has revolutionized auteur theory by establishing another form through his unchanged production staff. Indeed, Whedon uses a skilled staff motivated by their previous successes, scripts that are proven factually and statistically and support from other directors, producers, and writers in this field. In truth, his reliance on experience has made him one of the most revered directors in the industry. His recurring utilization of a creative team and his collectively structured production strategy has enabled him to create an evolution in the auteur theory.

Whedon’s Strategy and his production personnel have influenced movies since he started directing film in 1997. This is evident in his movie Buffy made his first movie in the years 1997. Although his style of directing was inspired by those of former successful directors, Whedon went further and created a brand of his own seen as one of the best in the industry up to date.

The movies created by Whedon have always had a future look like most of them are based on fictitious events occurring in the future. Moreover, his act of thinking outside the ordinary has allowed him to achieve great strides in the industry. This aspect in him has, however, developed over time as it can be seen from programs including as Buffy, The Vampire Slayer, and the Avengers. Therefore, the notion that film ooze the character of its director is entirely true mainly because of the strategies and the production team.

High Art and commercial forms

The concept of postmodernism has posed many challenges in its definition mainly because it has recently been used. Moreover, different people have distinct definitions of the term implying that there is no agreement yet on its universal meaning. Art has been used to portray this fact although at different stages since every artist comes up with a piece that best explains what they think postmodernism is. This implies that the concept will be ever-present in this era of globalization as the arts industry is moving in that direction.

Multiculturalism and Globalization are always increasing in the current world because of the linkage of economies and politics. However, some studies show that the concept of postmodernism is slowly being replaced by the creolization. In this sense, creolization has a deeper meaning than multiculturalism. This is because the former implies the rise of original tribes such as Africans, Spanish among others. Creolization does not imply the mixture of cultures but an up rise of individual cultures. Multiculturalism, on the other hand, implies that a country has a mixture of cultures. This brings in the concept of high art and art meant for commercial purposes. Artwork in the current world has been made for commercial purposes since the only intention is money minting. Nevertheless, some forms of art such as music videos still have a sense of high art where the listeners are inspired by the foundations of the music.

Elvis Presley, King Creole (1958) can be used as a film depicting high art because the film is based on rock music, which was Presley’s forte. The film is about a young man named Danny, who fails in his exams and decides to take a job at a club to support his family. The people who have a fetish for rock music can only realize the essence of this film. This means that the film is not meant for multitudes and hence cannot be used for commercial purposes.

Recently, music videos, movies, and even serial have been designed to attract people to watch the adverts on TV. However, there are some, which still stress on the foundations of filmmaking. This is a proper indication of the direction that the film industry is moving as producers, actors, and even directors focus on making more money.

Advantages of diversity

Attract the best talent

Organizations that embrace diversity management create an inclusive environment that enhances their reputation with job seekers. Typically, no one would like to work in an organization where his or her talents are not appreciated. Worse of all, know one would like in an environment that is rife with discrimination and where is considered a stranger. This means that organizations that prefer a homogeneous workforce, may discourage talented employees from minority groups from joining the company. In such an event, the organization is unable to realize its full potential. Moreover, the organization loses favor with minority groups and hence loose potential market for goods and services.

Enhanced productivity

In John and Bezrukova’s view by hiring workers on the basis of race and gender results, an organization ends up with employees who are paid more wages, but who are not more productive (703). The relationship between diversity and productivity can also be examined using work teams. Work teams or groups are important in any organization. The benefits of work teams can be illustrated using the example of the Motorolla company. The company has adopted a team-based structure to solve organizational problems. These teams are also charged with the responsibility of coming with creative ideas. An important aspect of cross-functional teams in the Motorolla is that their membership is drawn from diverse groups. Social interaction in work teams leads to increased productivity as the members share diverse viewpoints and perspectives. Ultimately, an organization stands to benefit by forming diverse teams.

Innovation

The interplay between innovation and diversity has been explored by many scholars. Innovation is a multidimensional term, and has both subjective and objective traits. Subjective traits include processes of creativity and original thinking. On the other hand, objective traits include the structures through which creative ideas are generated and transmitted to others. The ability of an organization to come up with creative ideas largely depends on the way subjective raw materials are harnessed by the objective structures of innovation.

Innovation is defined as the generation of new ideas that are vital for the production of goods and services and development of processes and systems. It is widely acknowledged that the ability of workers to communicate creative ideas, can be constrained by institutional and non-institutional forms of discrimination. It has also been established teams that have diverse characteristics have a great capacity to solve more complex problems to homogeneous teams as they had a greater pool of ideas. This position is supported by numerous studies. In such one study, established high levels of innovation in Germany was reported in areas where there were higher levels of cultural diversity than areas with lower levels of diversity. In a more comprehensive study whose participation was drawn from 1000 international teams, Under and Kregel (15) found out innovation was higher in teams that had equal gender ration than teams with an unequal ratio.

Based on other similar it is correct to conclude that diversity contributes to innovation in a number of ways. Firstly,creative ideas are born when the participants have dissimilar mind sets. Conversely,like-minded people are likely to make lie-minded decisions. In a diverse group the participants have dissimilar mind sets owing to their different backgrounds hence innovation is likely to occur. Secondly,diversity in a group encourages effective learning. Thirdly, diversity in a group leads to innovation due to the diverse range of perspectives that the participants have. The participants also have a broader spectrum of expertise and more robust critical evaluation compared to homogeneous group, hence more innovative ideas are born. Fourthly, diverse groups can access a broader network of relationships, cultural capital and bi-cultural competence. Diverse groups use these resources to generate new ideas.

Enhance efficiency

The issue of efficiency is well discussed by Janssens and Stevart in the article titled, theories of diversity within organization studies: debates and future trajectories..It is well acknowledged that the members of a diverse workforce can complement each other, since each one of them has different abilities and comes from a different background. In such a setting, communication is also enhanced because each member has unique ideas and knowledge that the other members can utilize. It then follows that organization should target to employ disadvantaged groups to utilize the specific capabilities that they have.

Retention

Employee engagement reduces turnover. In the US, turnover among women and people of color is significantly higher and a costly problem for many companies. In particular, the turnover rate for black Americans is 40% higher that the rate for whites. Similarly, the turnover rate for women is twice as high as for men. This high turnover rate negatively impacts on an organization in many ways. Firstly, the company the company is forced to spend more money on recruitment, staffing and training costs. Van der Vegt, Van de Vliert, and Huang (1171) estimates that the total cost can be as much as $10,000 for an hourly worker and $200,000 for an executive earning at around $100,000. Women and other minority groups often discriminated against in the workplace or are insecure about their status to fully engage themselves at work. When these groups their concerns are not being addressed they opt to leave their places of work. These minorities also face numerous frustrations when it comes to promotions. Unlike companies that discriminate against these groups based on primary and secondary dimensions, companies that embrace diversity management are able to attain competitive advantage.

The relationship between retention and diversity is well documented. A study that was conducted by Van der Vegt,, Bunderson, and Oosterhof (877) compared the satisfaction levels between workers in a company with a diverse workforce an done without. The results of the study showed that employees in a company with a heterogeneous workforce were more satisfied compared to their counterparts. The findings of this study are clear indication that organizations should embrace diversity management in order to improve the satisfaction of the employees hence reducing the turnover rate. By doing so, the company will not only reap the benefits associated with diversity, but they will also avoid the prohibitive costs of recruiting new employees. Another similar study that was conducted in 2004 found out that women and minority groups were more willing to work in a company with a heterogeneous workforce. Some of the participants in the study argued that they would rather work in an organization with a diverse workforce in exchange for for a lower salary than in an organization without a diversity program but which promises them a higher salary. Their arguments were based on the fear working in a company with a homogeneous workforce was likely to affect them psychologically due discrimination and emotional torture.

Creates a better working environment for employees

As earlier indicated a diverse workplace promotes personal development and higher levels of satisfaction. However, for this benefit to be realized diversity should be implemented on the surface, rather it should be integrated into the firm’s social and business fabric. A safe work environment will also depend on the perception of the employees. In this regard, if minority groups feel there exist perceived discrimination, then their commitment to the performance of the organization is likely to be affected.

Quality of service provision and improved market share

A diverse workforce that mirrors the organization’s consumer market can increase customer base and appeal. The minority employees are also able to understand the needs of the minority customers hence the company is able to increase its market share. Some of the sectors, such as the service-industry require high levels of customer service. In such an industry, the consumers are likely to approach one of their own. It then makes sense that organizations should employee minority workers in order to improve customer relations with minority consumers.

References

Leonard, J., and Levine, D.. The effect of diversity on turnover: a large case study. Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 59(2006): 547−572.

Leonard, J. S., Levine, D. I., and Joshi, A. . Do birds of a feather shop together? The Effects on performance of employees’ similarity with one another and with customers. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25.6(2004): 731−754.

Liao, H., Joshi, A., and Chuang, A. Sticking out like a sore thumb: employee dissimilarity and deviance at work. Personnel Psychology, 57.4(2004): 969−1000.

Lauring, J., and Ross, C. Research notes: Cultural diversity and organizational

efficiency. New Zealand Journal of Employment Relations, 29(2004): 89-103.

Li, H. Diversity in the library: What could happen at the institutional level.Journal of Library Administration, 27(1999): 145-156.

Chapter 2

Use techniques in learning situations that will increase your degree of concentration, improve your listening skills, enhance your comprehension (understanding) of information needed for critical thinking as a licensed practical nurse/licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN), and develop your ability to store information in long-term memory.

– Making study cards with key words and definitions

– Grouping terms together to create a concept map

– Studying in a clean, well-lit area

– Put up white boards or post notes around your study area for visual stimulation

– Get enough sleep so you can concentrate on learning the next day.

In addition, professors recommend that we don’t use our phones for social media or texting during class time. This is distracting and takes our attention away from their lesson plans.

Use hints for successful test-taking when taking tests in the LPN/LVN program.

-Break a sweat: I don’t want to be tempted to just skip the test or cheat

-Don’t get caught up with the scrap paper and pens that are offered, but do use them.

-Ask a friend how long every question takes! Sometimes questions feel like they take forever, so I make sure my time is accounted for

-Remember that there is always something new coming up! The next test will come along eventually. Don’t give up.

Identify your knowledge of your school’s learning resource center (LRC)

My knowledge of my school’s learning resource center (LRC) was put to the test one day when I was looking for something to help me with an assignment.

Discuss the value of reading assignments in periodicals.

1. Periodicals are a great way for students to combine their classroom learning with outside reading.

2. The reading time spent in periodicals will be more varied, and less repetitive than the same assignments from textbooks.

Use a digital database, and locate an article related to nursing

Hockenberry, M. J., & Wilson, D. (2018). Wong’s nursing care of infants and children-E-book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Discuss six hints used to gain full value from mini-lectures and PowerPoint presentations.

– Engage students by getting them on the right side of the room.

– Don’t rely of PowerPoint to tell your story. Add another layer to text, pictures, graphs and charts only when it will enhance understanding.

– Talk with passion and connect with your audience while presenting a mini-lecture or PowerPoint presentation.

– Create an environment that is conducive for listening – make eye contact with your audience and speak in a conversational tone.

– Use Microsoft OneNote for taking notes if you do not have access to Microsoft Word or PDF files during the presentation (or use voice recording).

Discuss the use of the resources such as labs, study groups, the Learning Management System (LMS), electronic devices, mannequins, and simulation (i.e. screen-based and virtual humans) in your personal learning.

In my personal learning, I utilize various resources such as abs, study groups, the Learning Management System (LMS), electronic devices, mannequins, and simulation (i.e. screen-based and virtual humans). The first thing to note is that I try and involve myself in as much of the course as possible. I attend lab sessions, and ask questions when a topic or concept is unclear. By asking questions in class, I am able to maximize the amount of knowledge I am able to gain from each section of the course.

For the past two semesters, I have been a part of a study group. I was able to learn from my peers in order to advance my knowledge and skills in cybersecurity. The study group helped me to develop the skills and confidence needed to pursue further training and employment in this field.

Describe how digital databases, nursing organizations, guest speakers, and mobile devices help you stay current in practical/vocational nursing.

Digital databases, nursing organizations, guest speakers, and mobile devices help me stay current in practical/vocational nursing. I use a nursing organization website to find articles on updated nursing research. The website aides in staying current with the latest information in my field. I also enjoy watching lectures from guest speakers and/or reading journal journals via digital databases. This keeps me up-to-date with the newest research findings and allows me to stay one step ahead of clinicians who may not have time to follow their field as closely as I do, or who may be out of date themselves.

Mobile devices are an invaluable tool for today’s nurses and other healthcare professionals, they allow us to access the most current information quickly and conveniently from any location (even from home).

Identify academic resources, in your local community, based on your unique personal qualities that will assist you to SUCCEED

Mentoring program where I can connect with graduate students and scholars to discuss more intricately any academic challenges that I may be facing.

My academic advisor who helps me stay organized, on track, and assists me in creating a personalized plan for future success.

Advantages of Electronic Medical System (EMR)

Name

Professor

Institution

Course

Date

Electronic Medical Records (EMR) aided in the reformulation of the entire medical segment thus presenting a new and unique format of the storing patient’s records, ascertaining the medical history and other very essential medical historical data for the medical sector. With implementation of the EMR, both the physician and the patients are placed to achieve instrumental and positive change. The typical merits of the EMR are advanced diagnosis and corresponding treatment. The other beneficial notable with EMR are the conspicuous reductions on the errors relating to the personal information and health records management. With presence of the availed data, individual physicians stand a better chance of responding best to various medical conditions presented to him or her.

Consistent with the system developed under EMR mechanism the patient’s stands to benefit incredibly for the whole process thus presenting indelible mark in the health of any patient. The doctors on the other side are presented by numerous merits regarding removal of complexities thereof experienced before. The conveyance of the patient data through papers files is no more. Digital handsets provide extensive storage capacities or the client to use effortlessly. This introduces sparing use of the environment space. Quick retrieval of data is highly vital in hastening the process of service delivery to the patients. Any health facility is hence exposed to handle many clients as compared of earlier cases of queuing experienced before. The health management is also instrumentally elevated to standard level relevant for an excellent management and decisions making. Advanced and elevated results are entailed in the creation of the commendable outcomes in the healthy delivery. Well and designed scalable vital to the company as most of the components are elevated with upgrading of the health system.

Movie, Jane journey produced by Diamond Rocks

Produced by Diamond Rocks, a movie production company in Germany, Jane’s Journey is an exciting documentary about a woman who loved and has adored nature all her life ever since she was a small child. Jane Goodall an affectionate, enthusiastic, warm hearted nature lover stars as the main character of this documentary. Born in April 3rd 1934, now a primatologist, anthropologist and UN peace messenger, she is considered the world’s foremost chimpanzee expert. She has studied about chimpanzees for the past 45 years and learnt about their social and family relations. She is also the founder of Jane Goodall Institute that helps in matters of environmental conservation an animal welfare.

The movie filmed by German filmmaker Lorenz Knauer, features Goodall’s iconic environmental conservation and her affection and goal towards aiding them. It also features Jane as a small child progressing to her teens in England. The film shows Jane’s humorous and playful attribute as she visited the Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania. There is a footage of her both as a child and mature with the chimpanzees, her love for them is quite overwhelming and it shows how amazing, friendly and intelligent they are. Being child she was born inspired by Tarzan (Goodall, 1999) . Apart from Tanzania the film features her in various continents too.

Educative and giving reason as to why we should conserve our natural environment and take care of the creatures as well. The movie also reveals about love and taking care of everything inclusive of the needy in the society. We should show love and help people in the society. Jane Goodall gives the impression and the importance of taking care of wildlife, that animals just like us need care and love and above all to be understood. She has spread her knowledge through books and articles she has written.

Goodall, Jane (1999). Reason for Hope: A Spiritual Journey. New York: Warner Books.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Internet

Introduction

The internet has become a necessity of life in the present world. It has an advancement that outdid the television, radio, telegraphs and telephones. It has a combination of features of its predecessors. It has become so indispensable that even the children are not an exception to its use. The much accessibility has exposed the kids so much that it has become of concern to both the community and the world at large, (McKenna & Bargh 573).

The aim of this study is to research on the impacts of the internet in the society its negative and positive effects on the children and the necessary recommendations on how to prevent the kids from accessing adult sites and ways of reducing the internet addiction.

Research on the impact of the internet in the society started with the investigation of who has availability of the internet. It has similarities with the survey that was previously done with the introduction of the television generation. The results that were found imply comparable effects as the ones with the current net generation. According to (Kim 1), the population that is affected by the internet era range from kids in their napkins to young adults in their twenties. The internet is accessible to kids who visit the library, school computer laboratories, the cyber cafes and those with parents who can afford an internet device at home.

The internet is of great use to the children. There are benefits that we cannot deny the children even with much to criticize. Communication is among them. It has been simplified from the telegraph and the telephone era. It is done through the main social sites like Facebook and Twitter. It is in these sites that a child can post or comment anything viewed by many others who have access to the account. This is mass communication. It is fast and convenient. Other sites that all kids can get access to are the Whatsup where one can write a text message or call using a mobile device as long he or she has access to the internet. Communication is one main benefit. Other benefits are access to a huge amount of information. The kids learn from the internet and their minds grow wide leading to a faster mental development. They are also able to do their homework without much strain. Socializing is another added benefit. There is interaction with different kids worldwide. This gives them a platform of learning the different cultures. They also get an opportunity to learn online courses at home getting entertainment, among other multiple benefits, (Cho & Cheon 489).

Although the internet has imposed positive impacts on the modern society it has caused increasingly more harm than thought. Monitoring has therefore to be done for a better productive generation. The reason for a closer look on what the children are doing on the internet is important since the same children are the determiners of what the society will be like and if nothing is done we might end up with a corrupted and unproductive generation. Research done has proved that the internet has been found to cause more harm than any present day media.

Some of the negative effects imposed by the internet to the children are laziness, access to pornography, internet addiction, internet games, trafficking of sex materials, internet crimes, interference with privacy, lack of real life judgment, poor performance in school, security issues and internet gambling (Louge 2).

Acquisition of most pornographic materials is either by default or access to an adult site with the aid of a grown up or an opened site in a grownups’ internet device. Some cases may be when a child tries to access information from the internet and he or she types a word or clicks a picture that gives them access to what they did not intend to get. This becomes a chance to view things that are not recommendable.

The internet also acts as a channel for trafficking sex materials, a port for sex behaviors and a means for committing sex crimes. This is easily done with hiding of their identities through login in to sites where they are assumed to be adults.

The easy access of information from the internet has caused the laziness disease. The children do not provide original work but tend to copy and paste everything from the internet and these gives them no chance to thinking on their own or have the knowledge to access the manual library catalogues. This goes hand in hand with a deteriorating academic performance at school. The children incline to perform poorly without having internet access and those with it cheat since they can get easily surf it within minutes. The other problem brought about by the internet is time management by the kids. Most of their time is spent on the internet and this makes them less productive with less physical activities.

Continuous internet use brings about addiction leading to internet addiction disorder which brings about behavior changes. It is said that all over the world over 80% of the youths are spending a lot of time on the internet and this has led to problems like addiction due to its introduction at an early age, (Ramdhonee, 3). This fact raised debates with the argument that only consumption of physical substances can lead to addiction. The net-generation has the same addictions similar to those of the television generation. The only difference is that the internet generation develops a condition known as internet addiction disorder worse than the television addiction. Previous studies show that those with the internet disorder have the following characteristics; impairment on their decision making, use of excessive time in the internet while using less or none in the outside physical activities, preoccupation symptom where the victims have no time for other activities but surfing and cannot be booked, unrestrained urge to be in the internet to discover and explore more, use of excess efforts on less useful things, lack of control on what they do and development of tolerance, (Ko et al 728).

The failure to be real and make the right judgment is another situation that jeopardizes the safety of the children. The use of the internet in every activity makes the future of the children uncertain. Making decision out of the internet in every case makes them less real and when it comes to the real life situations impaired decisions is what they produce. Lack of reality creates a less competitive generation that cannot be compared to the normal internet users.

Internet creates an obstacle in the children mental development. This is so with lack of a physical touch between the kids and their relatives. They lack time for visits and personal interactions with other people and this denies them a chance to grow mentally. Growth has also received an obstacle with failure of children going through all development stages of life. They engage in dating and relationships while too young with the spouses being older than they are. This exposes them to sex crimes and behaviors, (Verdick,1).

Internet use among children is unavoidable at all situations. As a result, there has to be strategies put forward to regulate its use to encourage a safer and more positive operation.

Strategies:

Incorporation of media literacy in the school curriculums to monitor and educate children on their use and purpose. This will help develop productive with a positive mentality once they get into the internet.

Parents can make use of the parental control features in the internet to block sites. This will help reduce the children access of the internet games, pornographic sites, and also adult sites that has damaging materials, (Olivier 8).

The government should strictly execute The Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). The Act requires websites to provide their security details and policies that control whoever should access the site. The parental controls require users to enter their detailed information and this controls users on the information they are to acquire from the website.

Conclusion

Internet jeopardy in the society is an issue that affects both the juveniles and the adolescents in the society. Finding safer and positive strategies to regulate internet access among children is a secure way in protecting them from the anonymous and therefore the government, parents and the education systems should put up stricter regulations and laws that control what the children can access and what they cannot access from the internet.

Work cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY l 1033 Cheon & Cho Children’s Exposure to Negative Internet Content: Effects of Family Context

Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 49(4), 2005, pp. 488–509

Kim. The impact of the internet on children’s daily lives: physical, social and

Psychological well-being. Athens: Georgia, Electronic Version, 2003

McKenna & Bargh. The Internet and Social Life. New York University, New York, New York

10003 Annual. Revision. Psychol. 2004. 55:573–90

Nathalie Louge. Adolescents and the Internet. Web November 15, 2013

http:// www.actforyouth.net

Olivier. The Effect of Violent Internet Games on Children and Juveniles:

Crime Research in South Africa Volume 1, Number 1 (October 2000) – webviol.pdf

Verdick. Negative Effects of Internet Usage on Child Development. Web November 15, 2013

http://www.verdick.org/child-development-and-the-internet/child-dev-neg

Ko et al. Proposed Diagnostic Criteria of Internet Addiction for Adolescents The Journal of

Nervous and Mental Disease 193(11):2005;728–733

Ramdhonee. Psychological impact on internet usage on children/adolescents. Web November 15,

2013

Psychological impact of internet usage on children/adolescents.pdf.

Surname:

Subject:

Tutor:

Date: 9th December, 2011

Advantages and disadvantages of the tri-system at CSU

The CSU, California State University is found in the state of California and it is a public university offering three systems at ago. These three systems include that of the University of California, UC, that of California Community College system plus CSU system itself. Despite the fact that the CSU which is the umbrella body tries its best to meet the needs for higher education in the country, currently producing the highest number of graduates in the country, there are several disadvantages that are connected to this trio-system. Generally, the CSU has twenty three campuses with almost half a million students and almost fifty thousand staff.

This Tri-system is good in that it tries its best to cater for different types of people in the country. People who pass and fail to get the subsidies of the government, and who are economically able can still pursue their degree programs and have their goals in education achieved.

Secondly, it is true that there are many students in the university as a whole. With almost a half a million students, this tri-system helps the United States economy by reducing the greatest number of graduates in the country. This is a boost to the economy indifferent ways. First, the country gets hold of its citizens who could possibly go abroad to read, the country gets very many foreign students and this is best for economic development. The economy also gets a boost from the employment that this university is able to offer to the citizen.

This university tries to protect its citizens from getting education from foreign countries which do have different curriculums and possibly low quality of education. In this sense, the CSU on behalf of the United States government plays a very big role in selling its education system to other country and at the same time retaining it and maintaining it. This way it becomes better on daily basis.

Despite those advantages, there are also some disadvantages that come with this kind of system. The quality of education is likely to be affected. This is because management of such a number of students and staff is not easy. This is simply because much time will be required to cater for every student. There could be possibly an imbalanced teacher student ratio. This is simply because the lecturers that are used from one campus are the same lectures used in the other campuses. This is very cumbersome and may compromise the quality of education at the university.

Also, this system is segregative. The CU system offers programmes to the privately sponsored students and this is a kind of discrimination. This in a way may erase the uniformity that education should bring in the country for once you are known as a graduate of cu you are were a privately sponsored student and if there is category, that is very sensitive that the government sponsors, those in CSU, then you could not have met it! So this system proves to be very discriminatory.

Lastly, it is possible that the different people who come to this university come with different things that may directly affect the country. There are increased insecurity, increased drug trafficking and the like, among other ill that can come with increased population at a place.

According to me, I value education more than anything else. I know these systems do provide education and I should not surprise anybody by saying that any of these three can serve me equally. I can take any.