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Week 1-Mother Tongue by Amy Tan

The main idea of the article Mother Tongue by Amy Tan is that people have different perspectives of the English language. The author is trying to pass across the point that people tend to look down on people that do not speak the perfect English language. This is seen in how the author’s mother is treated by the people she encounters. For instance, people pretended not to understand what her mother was saying at the bank and in stores because her English was broken. The primary purpose of this article is to sensitize the audience against unequal treatment of people based on the language they speak. This article calls out the behaviors of people who mistreat non-native English speakers. The article also aims to explain the author’s experiences and challenges that people who do not speak English as their first language go through. The article is about the conflicts that Amy Tan goes through in her daily life both as a writer and with the family. The language she uses in her profession is not the same language she uses to speak to her mother because it is complex and filled with vocabulary. Tan feels deeply about her mother tongue because she has experienced first-hand her mother being treated unequally because she speaks broken language. She has seen people ignore her presence simply because she cannot communicate as best as she would want to because of her Chinese accent. At times, she was forced to pick up her mother’s calls and pretend to be her.

A good thesis statement for this article would be “while language is important in communication, non-native English speakers struggle to be understood because of their mother-tongue interference making their communication experiences difficult.” The main message of this article is that it is our duty to be accommodative of each other as human beings. At the end of the day, no human is perfect, and as such, we should try to make life experiences of everyone as smooth as possible. The article is important as it addresses an important issue that people rarely talk about unequal treatment of people along the lines of the language they speak. I would describe Tan’s relationship with her mother as a considerate and loving one. Growing up, Tan helped her mother communicate with people by answering her calls. Even as Tan is writing her book, she says she wants to write a book that her mother would read and understand. This is very considerate of her. The target audience for this article is immigrants who do not speak English as their first language and members of the public who might be struggling with language. When giving the presentation, Tan realizes that her mother is part of her audience and so she might not understand everything that she says. This is because Tan tends to use more complex language filled with vocabulary, but when she speaks to her mother, she uses simpler language. The tone used in this article is relaxed and informative. The point of view of this text is that when giving a talk, speakers should assess their audience to ensure that they will understand what they say. Also, the article opines against unequal treatment of non-English native speakers.

Quote Sandwich

Quote 1: Tan writes “I knew I had succeeded where it counted when my mother finished reading my book and gave me her verdict: so easy to read.”

Paraphrase: Tan explains that she knew she had succeeded when her mother finished reading the book and said it was easy to read.

Explanation: The explanation is that when writing her book, Tan had purposed to write a book that her mother could comfortably read and understand. Tan wanted to show that communicating does not have to be a challenging experience for non-native speakers. She knew she had achieved her goal when her mother confirmed that the book was easy to read.

Quote 2: Tan writes, “Why he don’t send me check, already two weeks late. So mad he lie to me, losing me money.”

Paraphrase: Tan explains that her mother was not sent a check by her stockbroker and was angry that she lost money (Tongue, 2).

Explanation: Tan’s mother could not speak perfect English, so she had her speak to the stockbroker on the phone in her place. Her mother was trying to say that she was concerned that she had not received her check and was afraid that she had lost money. Although her mother could barely speak proper English, Tan understood everything she said.

Works Cited

Tongue, Mother. “Amy Tan.” The World is a Text: Writing, Reading, and Thinking about Culture and Its Contexts (2003): 291.

Summary of After the Adolescent Pregnancy

Parents, Teens, and Families

Life Span Development SC 506

University of West Alabama

Introduction

In the article, After the Adolescent Pregnancy: Parents, Teens, and Families author Benson provides information to help understand adolescent conditions and decisions during and after pregnancy. Benson focuses on five dimensions and frameworks that are associated with adolescent pregnancy. The five dimensions and frameworks include: pregnancy, abortion, childbearing, adoption, and teen parenthood. Benson addresses the role of social workers in helping adolescents deal with the issues mentioned above. Benson conducted an investigation to determine a solution to help adolescents deal with issues of pregnancy.

According to Benson (2004), most social workers will work with a pregnant or parenting adolescent sooner or later. Adolescent pregnancy and parenthood have many important consequences. Social Workers can provide valuable assistance to adolescents and their families as they deal with these life changing events. Being that most Social Workers have had many different areas of practice relating to the issue, they are able to be more helpful, and informing of the issues to guide adolescents to make healthy decisions. Social Workers play an important role with families concerning common problems, and they are the key concept to helping promote a good outcome.

Dimensions and Framework

The first dimension in the framework is pregnancy. During pregnancy the adolescents are often very stressed and depressed. The support of the family is important to help keep the stress level down. It is important to communicate and encourage good health during the adolescent’s pregnancy. Good health is extremely important for an adolescent, because their body is not fully developed to carry a baby and they have a greater risk of complications; therefore it is important for them to eat health for them and the baby.

The second dimension in the framework is abortion. Most adolescents want to have abortions because they feel their family will not support their decision to conceive a baby. This notion goes back to the first dimension, where it states the importance of family support. The dimension stated that if an adolescent chooses to have an abortion, she has to comply with the state law. It is important to help adolescents cope with the decision to have an abortion. If an adolescent chooses to have an abortion, it is important to support them in any decision they make.

The third dimension is childbearing and adoption. Childbearing for an adolescent is considering being associated with lower likelihood to finish school. Poverty could also contribute to early childbearing, because if an adolescent gets pregnant, and have the baby, she then may have to drop out of school to support them. As a result she will end up with a very low paying job or no job at all. Benson mentions that only 1-2 % of adolescents put their baby up for adoptions. If they don’t have the baby then they have an abortion. Most adolescents are provided with very little information on adoption.

The last dimension is parenthood. Becoming an adolescent parent changes the individual in society. The adolescent is put into a different view. The expectance of the adolescent change from a child to an adult.

Importance

The article is extremely important as it relates to my field of work. The article mentions the important roles of a Social Worker with adolescent pregnancy. Being that I am a Social Worker and I work with young adult’s everyday, I felt this was a very helpful article to gather information from and use as a resource for my clients in the near future. The article shared information about the different decisions an adolescent has, and the importance of family support. Not all adolescents will have family support, or support at all, and that is when my job as a Social Worker will come into play. Also it is important to be knowledgeable of the information in this article, because as a Social Worker we need to be aware of all options available for a client. As the article stated that most adolescent do not know about adoptions, so the Social Worker can share that information with them, and maybe they can use adoption as an option.

Personal

The article discusses the different dimensions of adolescent pregnancy. In my opinion the article was informative. The information from the article will now make me be sure that my clients are aware of all options that are available. I will teach the family the important of family support, and the importance of teaching the adolescent all she needs to know about the issue. The article did raise some questions for me, because it stated that most adolescent that choose to have the baby, will drop out of school. I believe that is when family support comes into play. If the adolescent has a baby, the family needs to work out a plan so that the adolescents life can stay as normal as possible.

Conclusion

Overall, the article provides information to help Social Workers understand conditions and decisions before and after pregnancy. The framework emphasizes individualization, family support, and future orientation. The article provided helpful information.

Reference

Benson, M. J. (2004). After the Adolescent Pregnancy Parents,

Teens, and Families. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 21, 435-455.

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Cause and effect of mass movement in Hong Kong due to urbanization in 1948 1998(landslides)

Urbanization involves building of infrastructure so as to develop a community. Before the introduction of urbanization, countries were reliant on agriculture for the sustainability of their community. The introduction of the industrial revolution changed the dynamics in society. Communities now placed emphasis development of all things infrastructure leading to the creation of an urbanized community. One of the countries that has been affected to date is Hong Kong. During the early1940s, the country joined the rest of the world in the urbanization process (Waugh, p. 305).

The focus of the paper is to provide an analysis of the mass movement in Hong Kong. The paper seeks to look into the reason for the need to urbanize the nation at the time. This is followed with reasons explaining the causes and effects of the occurrence. Lastly, the paper provides a concluding paragraph that provides a summary of the paper and the way forward for the nation.

Causes of the steep slopes

The country was not geographically structured to sustain the rising population. One of the ways that the country could make up for its lack of space was the use of the stabilization technique. The government therefore adopted this method due to its success in Japan. This is one of the initial causes responsible for mass movement in the country.

The stabilization technique is known to work for a majority of the counties that have adopted the process. The occurrence of mass movement in Hong Kong was supplemented by other factors. One of the factors in this case is the impermeability of the surface. This makes the land vulnerable when exposed to substances like water and rainfall. This quality makes the stabilization unsafe for urbanization and development.

The fact that the country was reliant on mountainous areas for construction was hazardous enough. Another reason that placed the population at risk was the intense infrastructure constructed on the slopes. The slopes were sensitive and as a result added pressure to the surface of the ground. This situation was further worsened during the intense rainy that contributed to the soil erosion of the entire area.

Another cause of the mass movement was the overpopulation of the people in the affected area. The populous nation needed to cater for their needs by investing in the little land that they had. One of the ways of meeting these expectations was by overcrowding in a small area. Overcrowding of the communities encourages the deterioration of the surface. This in turn decreased the stabilization of the land placing the lives of the people at risk (Waugh, p. 215).

Effects of the steep slopes

The mass movement in Hong Kong affected each and every one in the country. The principal result of the occurrence was the loss of lives. The buildings in the slopes acted as shelter for a large percentage of the population at the time. The movement of the land can be compared to an earthquake. The sliding effect is dangerous to the health of an individual due to the strength of at which the force pushes. Most of the injuries were caused by the concrete used to construct the buildings reducing the chances of survival for the people present (Calcaterra and Mario, p. 125).

One of the effects of the mass movement in the country was the loss of homes of more than half a million people. The incident led to the displacement of a large number of families exposing them to more calamities. The country was thus faced with a national disaster in that its citizens had become homeless. Lacking shelter affected the production of the society thus affecting an aspect of their life apart from their livelihood.

The countries economy felt the effects of the mass movement in the country. Due to the destruction of an entire community, the population could not sustain their needs and wants. Most of the infrastructure housed businesses which contributed to the growth of the country’s GDP. The loss of these businesses thus had a direct effect on both the financial situation of the citizens and the county’s economy (Goudie, p. 134).

In conclusion, the movement of the land is one of the saddest events in the calendar of the people of Hong Kong. The loss of the lives of the people at the time led to the loss of a part of a nation. This weekend the strength of the community due to the reduction of the man power needed to sustain the country. Despite this, the occurrence acted as an educating factor to the world as a whole. Most of the countries that were in the same situation invested in protective measures to prevent a reoccurrence. The country came together so that they could reunite and move forward. This enabled for the fast recovery of the now successful nation. Despite the level of hurt that came with the movement of the land, the loss of lives of the people present at the time was not in vain.

Works Cited

Calcaterra, Domenico, and Mario Parise. Weathering As a Predisposing Factor to Slope Movements. London: Geological Society, 2010. Print.

Goudie, Andrew. The Human Impact on the Natural Environment: Past, Present, and Future. Malden, MA. [u.a.: Blackwell Publishing, UK, 2007. Print

Waugh, David. Geography: An Integrated Approach. Gloucester, U.K: Nelson Thornes, 2000. Print.

A man’s perspective

Adolescents who commit crimes should not be treated the same as adult offenders. This is because the maturity level of the two groups of people is different. Adults are more mature than adolescents and thus understand the consequence of their actions. Moreover, a teenage brain is not well developed like that of an adult. The absence of proper development of the adolescents brains, increases the likelihood of them committing crimes is very high. Since they have not developed well, sentencing them to adult prisons is likely to make them violent rather than deter them. If a teenager commits a crime, they should be rehabilitated to make them learn the evil associated with crime and how best to avoid it. Mental functions adolescent have been proven scientifically through the use of multiple testing like the MRI. The results of these tests have shown that teens have completely very different reactions to reason in stressful as well as fearful circumstances. Even though they are capable of doing the same crimes just like adults, underdevelopment of the an organ called amygdala in the brain causes teens to act more based on impulse and their reactions are through emotion rather than based on good reasoning. This therefore means that kids should have a separate court from that of adult offenders.

The treatment of the adolescent and adult offenders should not be the same even after considering the magnitude of the offence in question. This is because regardless of the magnitude of the crime, the circumstances present in the mind of an adolescent is the same regardless the nature of the crime he is engaging in. It would be very unreasonable to separate the crimes into two groups to either treat them as adults or not. What should be considered is the type of sentence that could be imposed in different circumstances.

A woman’s perspective

We should ask ourselves why kids below 14 and 15 years are not allowed to take alcohol, drive, and smoke, watch pornography, participate in voting, as well as enter into sexual relationship. Such kids cannot also enter into contracts that are legally binding. The reason for this state of affairs is that they dot glimpse the consequences of their actions and that they cannot be able to handle decisions just as well as an adult would do. If then we insist on treating them as adults, we should remove the above restriction as it is the only logical step to undertake. Adolescent brain is particularly very complicated to be understood. This means that a child’s prefrontal lobe is not fully developed until the child reaches early adult hood. This part of the brain coordinates the ability of a person to reason as well as be able to weigh the consequences of their decisions. This part also delays the gratification to make careful choices short-term as well as long-term ones. Children as compared to adults are less blameworthy. This is obvious especially in adolescence stage. In their bid to struggle with their immaturity as well as their decision-making ability which is undeveloped, impulsivity, absence of future orientation and likelihood of being caught in bad peer pressure, they are likely to make irrational decisions. These circumstances should therefore serve as mitigating factors for adolescents. It is true that children can differentiate right and wrong. However, they often opt for the wrong because of not considering the consequences that are bound to occur. This is because Children do not have the ability to appreciate fully the consequences of their action in the long run. This explains why teenagers engage in risky behaviors.

However, adolescent offenders should be treated as adults if they commit violent crimes. This is because these are crimes of big magnitude. For such big crimes, there should be put in place a system of hearing the case and to then make a as to whether they should be tried as adults or teenagers. The decision should be me after considering the basis of their intent. Crimes like murder rape as well as domestic violence should be treated the same for all offenders regardless of whether they are children or adults. Lesser degree crimes like theft should be tried in juvenile courts. For someone to form intent to kill someone it means they are fully aware of what they are doing and the kind of harm they are occasioning to the victim.

Reference

Kail, R. V. Cavanaugh, J. C. (2008). Human Development: A Life-Span View. Malden. M. A. United States. Cengage Learning;

Jada Miller

Professor Hulsey

American Literature

04 April 2022

Motherly Love

A mother smothers love for her child is an unconditional word that cannot express the amount of pain and sacrifices a single mother makes for her family. During the early 1900s, African Americans struggled every day to live. African Americans lived under a white man and were forced to work every day for a small amount. A black woman was continuously raped, abused, abducted from family, and constantly treated like scum on a shoe. The story “Everyday Use” by Alice Walker isolates many issues women had during this dark time frame. The ongoing battle African Americans faced daily contributed to the primary goal of seeking change within society. If change was not appearing, hatred began to build within one another, leading many African Americans to turn on friends and family. In the story “Everyday Use”, the reader witnesses a mother struggling to build a relationship with her very stubborn daughter. The narrator’s unconditional love for her daughter in the story “Everyday Use” helps demonstrate how hard single mothers worked for their families CITATION STK13 l 1033 (S.).

Growing up during racial segregation created fear and anger within the black community. Many African Americans were in disbelief that their skin colour was the reason behind the whites’ inhumane behavior. African Americans suffered daily and were left traumatized for the rest of their lives. Nearly impossible for black people to support themselves because they did not have any rights at this time. The only thing they had was a slave number that was confidential to the enslaver if they were interested in selling their slaves. Growing up, black children did not understand why they were mistreated—experiencing white children inexpensive clothing and shoes while they had to wear rags and shoes with holes and splinters inside of them. African Americans desired the life of a white family. They only dreamed about owning their own house and being able to provide for their family without having any problems. The narrator in the story “Everyday Use” did everything to create a better life for her children. She worked all day to have enough money for her kids to attend school and have an education. In the story, she states, “I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing”. She was a hard-working woman dedicated to making a change for her family. The journal article helps provide essential information on the mental state of a black woman. Studies show that all the heartache and pain black women receive due to the harsh environments they were brought into made them stronger and motivated them to strive for a better life. Through all the obstacles the narrator experienced, such as losing a house that she worked hard for due to a fire, she remained positive and overcame everything that came her way. The short story helps educate readers that African Americans did not have any handouts in life, and everything they had was worked hard for. Throughout the year, black women have proven that they are compatible with being successful in society and have gained the respect that they deserve CITATION Cow96 l 1033 (Cowart).

Relationships between black families were not always perfect. Despite the many challenges they faced with one another, many families slowly grew apart. Perhaps in the story “Everyday Use”, the narrator’s daughter was eager for a change. Dee was an intelligent young lady, and her physical appearance was nothing to be ashamed of. She manifested in gold and glory all her life and did not want to continue to live the way she did. As she grew older, she began to teach herself how to fit in with the rich properly. Shortly, she realized that her mother and sister were content in their way of living, and she began to disown her own family. She was very disrespectful towards her mother and sister. Through all of Dee’s aggressive episodes, her mother was baffled about why her daughter acted this way. The mother said, “Sometimes I dream a dream in which Dee and I are suddenly brought together on a TV program of this sort”—imagining how life would be if she could positively reunite with her daughter and go back to how their relationship used to be. The journal article reinstates how a mother and daughter relationship can be a hassle, and there would be a phase when a daughter and the mother do not speak for months at a time CITATION von96 l 1033 (von Ammon).

Due to all the trauma Dee faced at a young age; she is permanently scarred. She always faced adversity from society and racial slurs from opinionated people during her childhood. Dee was eager for a change because she did not want to relive her past life. The journal article defines mental health and coping mechanisms. The article states that many people tend to run away from their problems and create a new life for themselves. So they do not have to worry about any issues they had in their past lives. While the narrator anxiously wanted her daughter back, Dee created a new life for herself, so she could not go through the same pain she did as a child CITATION Moo16 l 1033 (Moore).

An average black family did not have much to live off of. They worked with the little they had and somewhat of the knowledge they received. African Americans lives were a bit easier because of the lessons their ancestors taught them. Their ancestors taught them how to cook, clean, make clothing, and cure many illnesses. In the story “Everyday Use”, the narrator was on a strict budget, so her family would be well cared for. Instead of building expensive bedding and blankets, the women would make quilts out of cheap fabric. Even though the fabric was cheap, the quilts were beautiful and much appreciated by the families. The narrator had many quilts, each with a different meaning behind them. Making quilts for the family was a part of the culture and was non-replaceable. Making quilts for your family to stay warm at night took many weeks to receive the final product. The quilts held so much importance within families that they could lead to a disagreement. The story quotes, “She held the quilts securely in her arms stroking them”. They were begging the narrator for the quilt because of its meaning. Dee’s quilt was begging for was made by her grandma, who passed away. Journal articles help give the reader an idea of how deep the black culture is and how important certain items are. African American culture is profound and spiritual, even though some black families have experienced a rough patch. The family has always been important to the black community because during this time that is all they had was each other. In the short story, the author explains how hard a black mother works to make a way despite the circumstance. In the story, the quilt symbolizes determination, love, and willingness to grind so that she and her children can be comfortable with life CITATION Whi00 l 1033 (Whitsitt).

The story “Everyday Use” by Alice Walker gives the reader an intake of real-life struggles African Americans had to face. Society was against them because of their skin colour. They also had problems in their personal life. No matter how hard life got and how bad the narrator was treated by her kids, she never gave up. She never stopped loving and caring for her child, even though Dee did not appreciate her mother’s sacrifices. The narrator never asked for pity through all the trials and tribulations; all she wanted was to understand why people acted the way they did towards her and her people. This story is very significant to the black community because many do not indeed go into detail on the life of an African American woman. Black women are very powerful; they are the queens of society and deserve all the respect they receive CITATION Val21 l 1033 (Valdez).

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Cowart, D. ” Heritage and deracination in walker’s “everyday use, .” Studies in Short Fiction (1996): 171-184. print . http://ezproxy.nmjc.edu:2048/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/heritage-deracination-walkers-everyday-use/docview/195681019/se-2?accountid=12808

Moore, J. R. V. “African american quilting and the art of being human: Theological aesthetics and womanist theological anthropology.” Anglican Theological Review, (2016): 457-478. print . http://ezproxy.nmjc.edu:2048/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/african-american-quilting-art-being-human/docview/1809013759/se-2?accountid=12808

S., T.K. “Womanism in the select works of alice walker (Order No. 27732536).” Available from ProQuest One Literature (2013). http://ezproxy.nmjc.edu:2048/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/womanism-select-works-alice-walker/docview/2345931375/se-2?accountid=12808 http://ezproxy.nmjc.edu:2048/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/scribbling-women-race-gender-womanhood-nineteenth/docview/2572576777/se-2?accountid=12808

Valdez, J. (). “Scribbling women? race, gender, and womanhood in nineteenth-century american Women’s literature.” (2021). http://ezproxy.nmjc.edu:2048/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/scribbling-women-race-gender-womanhood-nineteenth/docview/2572576777/se-2?accountid=12808

von Ammon, J. L. “A selection of alice walker’s women:.” Ancestry, community, and the spirit (1996). print . http://ezproxy.nmjc.edu:2048/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/selection-alice-walkers-women-ancestry-community/docview/304300613/se-2?accountid=12808

Whitsitt, S. “In spite of it all:.” A reading of alice walker’s “everyday use”.African American Review (2000): 443-459. print . http://ezproxy.nmjc.edu:2048/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/spite-all-reading-alice-walkers-everyday-use/docview/209803042/se-2?accountid=12808

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Causes and Effects of Sex Trafficking

Sex trafficking refers to the act of crime when children, women, and children are involved in forceful sex acts commercially. It is estimated that a total of 4.5million people in the world are victims of commercial sex, while any minor in the united states in any commercial activity is considered a victim of sex trafficking. The traffickers use false promises as bait worldwide, which enables the sex traffickers to enslave their victims (Kempadoo et al, 2015). The victims include people living in marginalized areas subjected to typical political and economic poverty. Thus, the indigenous population lacks essential services such as education, making them vulnerable to sex trafficking. This paper seeks to explore the various causes of sex trafficking and the effects it has on the individuals and the countries involved in the trade worldwide.

The primary cause of sex trafficking is traffickers. However, the environmental conditions, poverty, immigration policy, fractured families, lack of education, and excellent job opportunities are the significant vulnerabilities that enable the traffickers worldwide to exploit their victims. The traffickers will obtain profit by forcing people to work as prostitutes is a considerable challenge (Weitzer, 2007 pg447-475). The significant difficulties in sex trafficking vary from one country to another. However, political conditions, war, social and cultural practices, and leaving nations with poverty to gain wealth are some of the conditions that and circumstances that enable sex traffickers o prey their victims.

First, many of the victims are in situations they want to escape, hence risking everything in their lives to escape poverty. This factor creates a chance for the traffickers to lure them and transport to another country by promising to offer stability and jobs during the recruitment process. On arrival to a new state, the traffickers take charge and hold the victims against their wills in places they did not want to make their dwelling (Sethi, 2007 pg 225-244). In other circumstances, parents sell their children intending to better their lives by offering more opportunities. Secondly, political instability, civil unrest, militarism, and generalized violence in a country increase the chances of trafficking occurring. This condition destabilizes and scatters the entire population in the country, increasing the chances of vulnerability amongst the people to abuse through forced labor and trafficking or unfair treatments.

Furthermore, a war involving armed conflicts in a country can lead to a massive displacement of people forcefully. Through war, many children lose their families, rendering them orphans, which create vulnerability in them. Also, the cultural and social practices in different societies differ as others tend to abuse, devalue, and exploit girls and women through creating a hazardous living condition (Baker et al, 2014 pg 208-226). The modest opportunities and value placed on these women, it creates vulnerability in them, which makes them the right target for sex trafficking. Thus, these significant factors in society have been witnessed in many countries, and eradicating the matter is difficult since the rot lies in the entire community.

Sex trafficking has an enormous impact on the mental and physical well-being of many women all over the world. Most of the women and men involved in sex trafficking end up participating in forced prostitution in the pornography industry. Thus, research shows that physical assault and sexual violence are the norms for all the women involved in the different types of prostitution (Kotiswaran, 2014 pg 353). Furthermore, health problems include sleeplessness, a frequent illness caused by viruses, vaginal infections, stomach aches, STDs, depression, eating disorders, and backaches. Mood disorders such as depression and dissociation and post-traumatic stress are consequences of prostitution.

Furthermore, research has also revealed that women that have been inducted into the world of prostitution have a high risk of being murdered. In other cases, victims are tortured and subjected to psychological and physical illnesses and injuries, respectively. Stockholm syndrome is another mental disorder common among the victims of sex trafficking. This syndrome refers to the traumatic bonding where the victims experience difficulty in leaving the abuser. The victims use this syndrome as a survival mechanism in the process, attaching them to their abuser. Furthermore, the victims become paranoid about leaving their abusers with the fear of being killed or physically harmed (Bonthuys et al, 2012 pg 11-29). Also, other victims attach to their abuse for a sense of security, clothes, food, and shelter. Others display the act done by their abusers as receptive by demeaning their behavior by considering the worst situation they could have been subjected to and evaded.

In conclusion, sex trafficking is a menace that has profoundly affected women and children mainly across the world. The efforts to eradicate it has been fateful with traffickers forming new ways of trapping and transporting their victims.

Works Cited

Baker, Carrie N. “An intersectional analysis of sex trafficking films.” Meridians 12.1 (2014): 208-226.

Bonthuys, Elsje. “The 2010 football world cup and the regulation of sex work in South Africa.” Journal of Southern African Studies 38.1 (2012): 11-29.

Kempadoo, Kamala, Jyoti Sanghera, and Bandana Pattanaik. Trafficking and prostitution reconsidered: New perspectives on migration, sex work, and human rights. Routledge, 2015.

Kotiswaran, Prabha. “Beyond Sexual Humanitarianism: A Postcolonial Approach to Anti-Trafficking Law.” UC Irvine L. Rev. 4 (2014): 353.

Sethi, Anupriya. “Domestic sex trafficking of Aboriginal girls in Canada: Issues and implications.” First Peoples Child & Family Review 14.1 (2007): 225-244.

Weitzer, Ronald. “The social construction of sex trafficking: Ideology and institutionalization of a moral crusade.” Politics & Society 35.3 (2007): 447-475.

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Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD)MADD is an interest group and to be more precise a single-issue interest group because it was established with the main objective of advocate against drunk driving. (Baumgartner and Beth 25-26). MADD works to prevent drunk driving, it provides support to victims of drunk driving, tries to stop underage use of alcohol, and finally it advocates for more strict alcohol policies. The goals and accusative of Mothers Against Drunk Driving organization have no direct benefit to the members of the group but rather the goals benefit the whole community.In my point of view, MADD is making a positive contribution to democracy.For democracy contribution, citizens’ participation in public life is needed. MADD aid this support in various ways such as lobbying for strict alcohol policies e.g. the legal drinking age to be 21, advocating that the legislators enforce tough laws and restrictions on drunk driving and push for tougher child endangerment laws (Berry 31-33).The pluralism theory of justice requires participatory type of government whereby the public for their own good influences the government’s rules and regulations. In regard to this concept, many single-issue interest groups similar to MADD such National Right to Life Committee (NRLC) against abortion attempts to change the government policies, laws and regulations so that they can be of great benefit to the public and uphold human rights of the citizens.Most interest groups advertise campaigns trying to influence public opinion on a serious concern of the community and carry out legal strategies influence court decisions to be in support of their goals. The pluralism theory acknowledges the positive contribution of these interest groups on the government.

Works Cited

Baumgartner, Frank R., and Beth L. Leech. Basic Interests: the Importance of Groups in Politics and in Political Science. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1998. Print.

Berry, Jeffrey M. Lobbying for the People: the Political Behavior of Public Interest Groups. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1977. Print.

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Categorical Imperative in a Grey World

Kant formulated the belief that the world is composed of two types of laws: the basic natural laws and the laws of morality. Basic natural laws are the laws that nature imposes on us based on our perception and understanding of the universe through our senses. On the other hand, moral laws are a set of authoritative universal laws that humans set on themselves based on their reasoning. Lying and breaking promises fall under moral laws. Kant saw all humans as deserving of what is morally right and saw them as capable of reasoning. From this, he drew his theory of categorical imperative. According to this, a man should reason out two things before committing an action. Firstly, they should ask themselves how humanity would turn out if everyone acted as they were about to. Secondly, they should also not use the possible result to justify their chosen course of action. Kant saw humanity as possessing the free will to do as it desired but believed that morality was a categorical imperative: to be adhered to despite one’s inner desire at all times ADDIN CSL_CITATION {“citationItems”:[{“id”:”ITEM-1″,”itemData”:{“DOI”:”10.1093/0199288836.001.0001″,”ISBN”:”9780191603648″,”abstract”:”This book contains chapters on various features of Kant’s moral psychology and moral theory, with particular emphasis on a conception of rational agency autonomy. The opening chapters explore different elements of Kant’s views about motivation, including an account of respect for morality as the distinctive moral motive and a view of the principle of happiness as a representation of the shared structure of non-moral choice. These chapters stress the unity of Kant’s moral psychology by arguing that moral and non-moral considerations motivate in essentially the same way. Several of the chapters develop an original approach to Kant’s conception of autonomy that emphasizes the political metaphors found throughout Kant’s writings on ethics. They argue that autonomy is best interpreted not as a psychological capacity, but as a kind of sovereignty: in claiming that moral agents have autonomy, Kant regards them as a kind of sovereign legislator with the power to give moral law through their willing. The final chapters explore some of the implications of this conception of autonomy elsewhere in Kant’s moral thought, arguing that his Formula of Universal Law uses this conception of autonomy to generate substantive moral principles and exploring the connection between Kantian self-legislation and duties to oneself.”,”author”:[{“dropping-particle”:””,”family”:”Reath”,”given”:”Andrews”,”non-dropping-particle”:””,”parse-names”:false,”suffix”:””}],”container-title”:”Agency and Autonomy in Kant’s Moral Theory: Selected Essays”,”id”:”ITEM-1″,”issued”:{“date-parts”:[[“2006″,”2″,”23″]]},”number-of-pages”:”1-288″,”publisher”:”Oxford University Press”,”title”:”Agency and Autonomy in Kant’s Moral Theory: Selected Essays”,”type”:”book”,”volume”:”9780199288830″},”uris”:[“http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=507a560b-60ce-35e2-999b-f4ed5d243c07″]}],”mendeley”:{“formattedCitation”:”(Reath)”,”plainTextFormattedCitation”:”(Reath)”,”previouslyFormattedCitation”:”(Reath)”},”properties”:{“noteIndex”:0},”schema”:”https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json”}(Reath). 

Lying and breaking promises, according to the categorical imperative, is immoral. If everyone in the world lied to one another, the world would plunge into mayhem. People would not be able to have meaningful dealings with one another. Additionally, it would infringe on our rights to free choice since the information on which the choice is based is corrupted. The same goes for promise-breaking. If people were to break their promises, the intrinsic value and power a promise or an oath holds would be lost. According to Kant, even if lying or breaking a promise in a particular situation would result in a morally good outcome, it should still not be done. The ends do not justify the means.

In my opinion, Kant’s views on morality offer a simple enough yet perhaps too simplistic view on morality for the world’s liking. He offers a black and white system in a grey world where almost all actions could fall on either side of the morality scale given their context. Immoral acts do not occur within a vacuum. They are a byproduct of numerous decisions made by numerous people over time. Looking at immorality as Kant does therefore offers a two-dimensional view of a three-dimensional problem. This, however, raises the problem of how much context to give an act before deeming it either immoral or moral. I believe that people can lie or break their promises in cases where the end does indeed, justify the means. And not just any end, but a selfless end. If lying protects others from harm, then it is no longer an immoral but a moral act -despite satisfying only one of Kant’s criteria. For instance, lying to your recovering alcoholic friend that you no longer drink to give them moral support in their recovery journey is a moral act. It is a selfless lie committed to protect another.

Works Cited

ADDIN Mendeley Bibliography CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Reath, Andrews. “Agency and Autonomy in Kant’s Moral Theory: Selected Essays.” Agency and Autonomy in Kant’s Moral Theory: Selected Essays, vol. 9780199288830, Oxford University Press, 2006, doi:10.1093/0199288836.001.0001.

HDev312 Spring 2022Dr. FeltonPaper Assignment: Film AnalysisDue: In Forum Group’s Paper Forum by 11:59 p.m. Sunday, May 1st


Adolescence through the Lens of A Feature Film

This assignment asks you to analyze a feature film about adolescence by applying concepts, dynamics, processes, and issues addressed in our course readings. You’ll draw primarily on readings from Week Six on through the semester. For example: topics pertaining to adolescents’ family, peers and friendships, romantic relationships, sexual identity, the role of smartphones and social media in adolescents’ everyday lives, school as a context for development, work and career aspirations and possibilities, problems such as drug abuse or mental illness, or challenges such as unplanned early pregnancy (among other concerns). You may also draw on readings from the first part of the semester on the teenage brain, risk-taking and adolescent cognition and on pubertal timing.

[Note: An alternate option for selecting a novel or a non-fiction memoir is listed at the end of these guidelines.]

Select ONE of the Following Films:

Hoop Dreams (1994)

Bend it Like Beckham (2002)

Love and Basketball (2000)

Our Song (2001)

Real Women Have Curves (2002)Girl, Interrupted (1999)

Eighth Grade (2018)

Juno (2007)Quinceañera (2006)

Love, Concord (2012)

The Spectacular Now (2013)

The Wood (1999)

Dope (2015)

ATL (2006)The Kings of Summer (2013)

Lean on Me (1989)

Coach Carter (2005)

Boyz n the Hood (1991)

The Hate You Give (2018)

Mean Girls (2004)

Love, Simon (2018)

Mosquita & Mari (2012)

The Perks of being a Wallflower (2012)

All of these films are widely available and each reflect many of the themes addressed in our text’s readings.


Your task is to identify concepts, ideas, and insights we’ve been addressing and to apply them to the central character(s) and experiences depicted in the film. Your paper is NOT meant to be an exhaustive survey of all of the concepts depicted; rather, your task is to select 6 concepts, processes and/or dynamics and explore them in depth by focusing in on specific instances in the film. Use the specific examples from the film to explain how the experiences depicted are consistent or inconsistent with the research presented in our readings. For example, if you select Juno, you might address the following concepts, dynamics, and issues: the social support offered by peers, adolescents’ increasing levels of autonomy in the family system, or challenges, risks, and protective factors related to an early unplanned pregnancy.

When citing the text or other course materials verbatim (directly) or when paraphrasing (indirectly), be sure to identify the relevant page number(s). Use in-text citation.

Tips on developing your paper:

Availability of Films: at independent and chain video stores; through Netflix, iTunes, and other online sources; through your local library.

Having a good grasp of the film means that you will need to watch it more than once. You’ll also want to take notes. Remember, your primary purpose in viewing the film is for analysis, not entertainment (although an appreciation for the film will support your engagement). You’ll want to view the film critically, considering how the film depicts themes and concepts discussed in the readings and viewing material addressed from Week Six on. Strategies for Note-taking: Some students prefer to take notes during their first viewing of the film (when the story and characters are fresh and unfamiliar). Others choose to make notes after their first viewing, and then re-view the film and make more detailed notes. Whatever strategy you choose, you will need to view the film more than once, and you may view portions of it multiple times. You’ll also want to jot down relevant bits of verbatim dialogue and descriptions of events that you’ll incorporate in your writing.

Provide an introductory paragraph that BRIEFLY summarizes the arc of the film (4-5 sentences max), and then tell readers of your paper why it’s a particularly useful film for addressing specific dynamics, processes and challenges that adolescents face. Make sure to identify the 6 concepts or processes that you’ll be focusing on for your paper.

Your paper must be thoughtfully developed. Focus your analysis on one or two central characters. Also, be sure to refer to the characters by name (not by the name of the actor playing the role). If you aren’t sure of characters’ names, you can find them on imdb.com (Internet Movie Database), or by rolling the film credits at the end of the film.

Remember, you’re not being asked to review the film or write up your reactions to the film. Your task is to examine how the film illuminates and helps us to understand the various phenomena that we are studying.

Papers will be posted in your Forum Group’s Paper Forum.

Alternate Assignment Option:

Some of you may prefer to skip the added screen time needed for this assignment. If that’s the case, you may select a novel or a non-fiction book or memoir that focuses on the adolescent experience through the lens of a specific teen. This may also be a way for you to focus in greater depth on particular issues facing adolescents. For example, you might want to address autism or neurodiversity, homelessness, activism, a highly creative adolescent, or drug addiction. Please email me directly with the title of the text that you plan to use.

[Note: For either option (the film or a book about an adolescent): If you find that our course materials are insufficient in addressing the themes (dynamics, processes, issues) that you want to examine, you may certainly opt to bring in outside sources. However, outside sources are not required.]

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Introduction

Most of the current research shows that, in the whole world, there are more than estimated one billion Christians. Most of them belong to different denominations and independent churches, talking different languages. With such vast number of followers of Jesus Christ, and possibly much more, with various level of understanding of whom he was and what he wanted and advocated for.

It is in this context that Ken Kesey relates some of his work with Christianity, in the work one Flew over the Cuckoos Nest. He inserts some spiritual representation. Various opinions have been put forward for Kesey’s insertion of Christianity in the works, with some saying it was for Kesey’s own choice and a hint of personal thoughts and experience with Christ. However, it is not surprising that the spiritual model has brought an extra ordinary association between the readers and the novel. The similarity between the novel and Christ is enhanced as every person reading the novel finds an event, which they can relate to their lives. The similarity of character between Christ and Murphy is analyzed, and the outcome used in helping understand the themes.

Even for persons with little knowledge about Christianity, after reading the novel, it is remarkably easy to see the religious content in the novel. This connection is seen when McMurphy takes his patients to a fishing trip, as Chief Bromden says the twelve of them were led towards the ocean (Dodd & Spaulding 2000). This brings to mind Jesus Christ and the twelve disciples, even more astounding is that they have gone fishing. Just like in the bible Christ encouraged his disciples to be fishers of other men. Another obvious reference to the Bible is when McMurphy looses consciousness and ESP had to be administered. It is said his body is latched on the ground like a cross which is how Christ was crucified on the cross. Another reference to Christianity is noticed when McMurphy asks if he will get the thorn crown (Dodd & Spaulding 2000). This can be related to Christ when he was being crucified a crown made of thorns was put on his head. These last events can be related to Jesus Christ’s last days on earth; in Christianity Jesus Christ is betrayed by a disciple named Judas, and subsequently crucified. In Kesey’s novel, Billy Bibbit is the traitor by saying that McMurphy is the one responsible for the events of the previous night. As a result, McMurphy is sentenced to lobotomy, right after Billy Bibbit tells this to Nurse Ratched he cuts his throat and dies just like Judas from the Gospel who commits suicide by strangling himself.

Even though Billy Bibbit death caused uproar, Ratched goes ahead, and orders McMurphy to be lobotomized which is death in itself as McMurphy is not able to do anything. The numerous events in the novel, which imitate how Christ himself laid his own life for the sake of Christians, has connected people even more to the novel, as it reminds them of Christ’s life. The similarity between the life of Christ and McMurphy have attracted more readers, who want to know more about the implication of similarity and the outcome it has on Murphy’s character. He is so much like Christ (Dodd & Spaulding 2000). The various qualities that McMurphy Shares with Christ include, his capability to use his intelligence to ask questions, which could demoralize, and defy Nurse Ratched power. Christ was also ever asking questions which in themselves were defying the authority of his time, to prove to them every now and then that their actions were not right. McMurphy is the same, as it comes out in the whole novel where he questions everything he thinks is not being fair to him. Such as the reasons why the patients are not allowed to watch the world sports series, why the music should be played on a high volume, as if they all had hearing problems, and the reason why the toothpaste that they are supposed to use must be locked in the cabinets every morning. They were all adults who knew how they were supposed to use the tooth paste.

McMurphy was extraordinarily active in defying the authority by using witty questions, and it is not a surprise that he gained popularity, and the support of so many people further enhances this fact. McMurphy was exceedingly experienced at, weakening the authority of those who he thought were unfair like Ratched. The same way Christ was in weakening the authority of the time, McMurphy has authority inside him. He is brave, no matter whom he is talking to, and always says what is in his mind. This trait is seen the first time he walks into the ward, and demands to know who was responsible in the daily running of the place (Dodd & Spaulding 2000). In the room which is occupied by hardened criminals, he displays no fear by asking for the leader of the ward. This is the same power that Christ wielded whenever he was confronting those who went against Gods wish.

While McMurphy and Christ shares various qualities. The characteristic that stands out from the rest is, they both dedicated their lives to helping those people who surrounds them. Even if they were not his family, despite the fact, that McMurphy was no sincere and a schemer, especially while playing poker with the fellow patients. Deep down he always wanted the best for his fellow patients, He was a source of encouragement, to the other patients. He always told him they were not acutely sick as people thought (Dodd & Spaulding 2000). He was there to give the other patients hope, even when they were destined to fail. Just the same way Christ came to give hope to mankind and deliver them from the eternal fire. McMurphy was a person who was willing to help other patients who were in need without expecting to be paid in return. Christ in the gospel teachings agreed to be crucified, not that because he expected to be paid but, he did it in order to save mankind.

An incident, where McMurphy tries to teach the other patients is when they were in the tub having their bath; He talks of escaping from the ward, despite the other patients doubts he tries for along time to break free and fails, even so he tell the other patients after all he has tried (Dodd & Spaulding 2000). With that, he shows all other patients that no matter what the situation one is faced with, self belief and never ever giving up one can achieve anything. Another trait of McMurphy is portrayed is self sacrifice; there is a high possibility that McMurphy intentionally stayed behind rather than escaping with the prostitutes. Even though at the in his mind, he knew that he would be punished, McMurphy knew by not running away, he was sending a clear message to the other patients that they were strong enough to fight back. Eventually, he is lobotomized, and that enhanced his message to the other patients (Dodd & Spaulding 2000). McMurphy dies a truly happy man knowing that he has accomplished his duty. Just as Christ who died happily knowing that his death had saved mankind. McMurphy portrayed as Christ like person. The readers are allowed a deeper view of his character and his importance in the novel. Like Christ, he dies but, not in vain as his death brings redemption to those who he leaves behind.

As have been brought out above from the explanations, McMurphy and Christ are alike, although in their own unique way. Kesey brings out Murphy as a character whose traits, and life history is extremely much familiar to that of Christ does not suggest that the views are similar to Jesus view. Kenny is trying to bring out the picture that just like Jesus, Murphy is also radical, and it does not go down well with all people just as many people were not happy with Jesus. Many attacked the opinion and beliefs of Christ. The nurse was not happy with McMurphy not because he was wrong but, it is because he always took the decision that were radial, and was never afraid to tell what he felt like saying.

McMurphy frequently faulted the ostensibly subjective systems, and the astringent rules in the ward where he stayed. This habit of being defiant annoyed the nurse in charge. He tells of the nurse after he is not given the time to watch an ongoing world series. His constant challenging of the authority in charge brings out the theme that one can fight oppression. Both Murphy and Christ were brave enough to do things that were not regular the society. The fact that Murphy had an extremely difficult life at times; he always had his own way to counter his personal problems. Christ also had his own share of problems that he dealt with by praying, and ,on the other hand, McMurphy would laugh, and the magnificent humor helped him counter his problem as McMurphy was not as religious as Christ who would pray to his father to give him strength to help him overcome the many obstacles. This trait of McMurphy is witnessed while they were on fishing, and Bromden hurts his thumb, McMurphy laughs so loud, to help Bromden understand that at times laughing at something that hurts someone helps to keep one keep in balance (Dodd & Spaulding 2000). By using a character like McMurphy who shares more similar traits like that of Christ, the readers can see the reflection of Christ in McMurphy, and this draws them more to this Character.

Conclusion

The best works at times are like rock for one to get the minerals; it holds one has to dig through the rock. In Kesey’s work, he brings out Christ as the diamond that people have mistaken for a rock with no value, a few traits of Christ can be seen, although some few people can see the significance of Christ and how his presence changes the novels general outcome. But after cutting the tough surface and looking keenly at the text to see the various events of Christ life, the similarity of the character traits between McMurphy and Christ is evident, and it is this similarity that brings out the themes in the book. In that the jewel, which is the message, which Kesey is trying to bring out is found.

Work cited

Dodd, David G., and Diana Spaulding. The Grateful Dead reader. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Print.