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Cause and effects of drug addiction

Drug addiction is a serious disease that has to be treated with the utmost seriousness. Most addicts do not intentionally start out using drugs with the aim to get addicted. It is quite difficult for a person who is not an addict to understand why someone would expose themselves to such risks that come with the abuse of drugs and other substances. There are many reasons that lead to the use and subsequent addiction, and each case of drug addiction should be viewed uniquely. There are, however, many general causes of drug use and the effects of addiction can be debilitating and life-changing.

The most common and apparent reason as to why a person begins to take drugs is to remedy or mask any pain that they may be feeling (Wise & George 254). This pain has an underlying cause which can be any number of things such as chronic medical conditions. Suffering from a medical condition that causes acute pain over a long period causes the patient to be addicted to the medication that relieves their pain. After some time, they find that they are dependent and can no longer function without the drugs in their system.

Mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety can also lead to the prescription of drugs to manage the condition (Corrigan et al 147). If not well maintained, the patient can end up becoming hooked to the drugs. Cases of trauma and abuse that need the prescription of drugs can lead to addiction. Other factors such as problems in relationships with others, the loss of a loved one can elevate the stress levels that an individual suffers from, and they can resort to drugs to alleviate the pain. Poverty and low self-esteem are common reasons why people begin taking drugs as a way to escape their reality.

While taking drugs during the early times, the addict may think that they are in control and can stop at any time. This, however, changes as the drug use progresses and they find that they can no longer control it. The reason for this is that the brain tends to reward pleasurable experiences and taking drugs becomes one of such experiences (Volkow et al 367). An addict is hooked on the drug because of the high it gives them. Some factors that predispose one to become an addict include genetics, the environment, and the age at which one begins to take drugs.

There are many devastating effects that are brought about by drug addiction. Drug abuse often interferes with almost all the major organs of the body. The first effect is that it damages the immune system of the addicts, increasing their risk of infections. Drug addicts often suffer from diseases at any given time. The liver is the organ that detoxifies the body, and the more drugs are taken, the more the liver has to work to get rid of the excess drugs. Over time, the liver is overworked, and this leads to liver failure. Brain damage is another serious effect of taking drugs and can interfere with the decision-making capacity of the addict as well as causing attention and memory problems. Cardiovascular conditions, nausea, and abdominal pains are also caused by drug addiction.

Drug addiction also affects the emotional and social wellbeing of the addict regarding the loss of employment, financial problems, engaging in risky sexual behavior and incarceration due to crimes. Drug addiction needs to be adequately dealt with regarding diagnosis and treatment to avoid or lessen the long-term effects that come with the disease.

Works Cited

Corrigan, Patrick W., Sachiko A. Kuwabara, and John O’Shaughnessy. “The public stigma of mental illness and drug addiction: Findings from a stratified random sample.” Journal of social Work 9.2 (2009): 139-147.

Nestler, Eric J. “Epigenetic mechanisms of drug addiction.” Neuropharmacology 76 (2014): 259-268.

Volkow, Nora D., George F. Koob, and A. Thomas McLellan. “Neurobiologic advances from the brain disease model of addiction.” New England Journal of Medicine 374.4 (2016): 363-371.

Wise, Roy A., and George F. Koob. “The development and maintenance of drug addiction.” Neuropsychopharmacology39.2 (2014): 254.

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Categorical Imperative in a Grey World

Kant formulated the belief that the world is composed of two types of laws: the basic natural laws and the laws of morality. Basic natural laws are the laws that nature imposes on us based on our perception and understanding of the universe through our senses. On the other hand, moral laws are a set of authoritative universal laws that humans set on themselves based on their reasoning. Lying and breaking promises fall under moral laws. Kant saw all humans as deserving of what is morally right and saw them as capable of reasoning. From this, he drew his theory of categorical imperative. According to this, a man should reason out two things before committing an action. Firstly, they should ask themselves how humanity would turn out if everyone acted as they were about to. Secondly, they should also not use the possible result to justify their chosen course of action. Kant saw humanity as possessing the free will to do as it desired but believed that morality was a categorical imperative: to be adhered to despite one’s inner desire at all times ADDIN CSL_CITATION {“citationItems”:[{“id”:”ITEM-1″,”itemData”:{“DOI”:”10.1093/0199288836.001.0001″,”ISBN”:”9780191603648″,”abstract”:”This book contains chapters on various features of Kant’s moral psychology and moral theory, with particular emphasis on a conception of rational agency autonomy. The opening chapters explore different elements of Kant’s views about motivation, including an account of respect for morality as the distinctive moral motive and a view of the principle of happiness as a representation of the shared structure of non-moral choice. These chapters stress the unity of Kant’s moral psychology by arguing that moral and non-moral considerations motivate in essentially the same way. Several of the chapters develop an original approach to Kant’s conception of autonomy that emphasizes the political metaphors found throughout Kant’s writings on ethics. They argue that autonomy is best interpreted not as a psychological capacity, but as a kind of sovereignty: in claiming that moral agents have autonomy, Kant regards them as a kind of sovereign legislator with the power to give moral law through their willing. The final chapters explore some of the implications of this conception of autonomy elsewhere in Kant’s moral thought, arguing that his Formula of Universal Law uses this conception of autonomy to generate substantive moral principles and exploring the connection between Kantian self-legislation and duties to oneself.”,”author”:[{“dropping-particle”:””,”family”:”Reath”,”given”:”Andrews”,”non-dropping-particle”:””,”parse-names”:false,”suffix”:””}],”container-title”:”Agency and Autonomy in Kant’s Moral Theory: Selected Essays”,”id”:”ITEM-1″,”issued”:{“date-parts”:[[“2006″,”2″,”23″]]},”number-of-pages”:”1-288″,”publisher”:”Oxford University Press”,”title”:”Agency and Autonomy in Kant’s Moral Theory: Selected Essays”,”type”:”book”,”volume”:”9780199288830″},”uris”:[“http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=507a560b-60ce-35e2-999b-f4ed5d243c07″]}],”mendeley”:{“formattedCitation”:”(Reath)”,”plainTextFormattedCitation”:”(Reath)”,”previouslyFormattedCitation”:”(Reath)”},”properties”:{“noteIndex”:0},”schema”:”https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json”}(Reath). 

Lying and breaking promises, according to the categorical imperative, is immoral. If everyone in the world lied to one another, the world would plunge into mayhem. People would not be able to have meaningful dealings with one another. Additionally, it would infringe on our rights to free choice since the information on which the choice is based is corrupted. The same goes for promise-breaking. If people were to break their promises, the intrinsic value and power a promise or an oath holds would be lost. According to Kant, even if lying or breaking a promise in a particular situation would result in a morally good outcome, it should still not be done. The ends do not justify the means.

In my opinion, Kant’s views on morality offer a simple enough yet perhaps too simplistic view on morality for the world’s liking. He offers a black and white system in a grey world where almost all actions could fall on either side of the morality scale given their context. Immoral acts do not occur within a vacuum. They are a byproduct of numerous decisions made by numerous people over time. Looking at immorality as Kant does therefore offers a two-dimensional view of a three-dimensional problem. This, however, raises the problem of how much context to give an act before deeming it either immoral or moral. I believe that people can lie or break their promises in cases where the end does indeed, justify the means. And not just any end, but a selfless end. If lying protects others from harm, then it is no longer an immoral but a moral act -despite satisfying only one of Kant’s criteria. For instance, lying to your recovering alcoholic friend that you no longer drink to give them moral support in their recovery journey is a moral act. It is a selfless lie committed to protect another.

Works Cited

ADDIN Mendeley Bibliography CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Reath, Andrews. “Agency and Autonomy in Kant’s Moral Theory: Selected Essays.” Agency and Autonomy in Kant’s Moral Theory: Selected Essays, vol. 9780199288830, Oxford University Press, 2006, doi:10.1093/0199288836.001.0001.

HDev312 Spring 2022Dr. FeltonPaper Assignment: Film AnalysisDue: In Forum Group’s Paper Forum by 11:59 p.m. Sunday, May 1st


Adolescence through the Lens of A Feature Film

This assignment asks you to analyze a feature film about adolescence by applying concepts, dynamics, processes, and issues addressed in our course readings. You’ll draw primarily on readings from Week Six on through the semester. For example: topics pertaining to adolescents’ family, peers and friendships, romantic relationships, sexual identity, the role of smartphones and social media in adolescents’ everyday lives, school as a context for development, work and career aspirations and possibilities, problems such as drug abuse or mental illness, or challenges such as unplanned early pregnancy (among other concerns). You may also draw on readings from the first part of the semester on the teenage brain, risk-taking and adolescent cognition and on pubertal timing.

[Note: An alternate option for selecting a novel or a non-fiction memoir is listed at the end of these guidelines.]

Select ONE of the Following Films:

Hoop Dreams (1994)

Bend it Like Beckham (2002)

Love and Basketball (2000)

Our Song (2001)

Real Women Have Curves (2002)Girl, Interrupted (1999)

Eighth Grade (2018)

Juno (2007)Quinceañera (2006)

Love, Concord (2012)

The Spectacular Now (2013)

The Wood (1999)

Dope (2015)

ATL (2006)The Kings of Summer (2013)

Lean on Me (1989)

Coach Carter (2005)

Boyz n the Hood (1991)

The Hate You Give (2018)

Mean Girls (2004)

Love, Simon (2018)

Mosquita & Mari (2012)

The Perks of being a Wallflower (2012)

All of these films are widely available and each reflect many of the themes addressed in our text’s readings.


Your task is to identify concepts, ideas, and insights we’ve been addressing and to apply them to the central character(s) and experiences depicted in the film. Your paper is NOT meant to be an exhaustive survey of all of the concepts depicted; rather, your task is to select 6 concepts, processes and/or dynamics and explore them in depth by focusing in on specific instances in the film. Use the specific examples from the film to explain how the experiences depicted are consistent or inconsistent with the research presented in our readings. For example, if you select Juno, you might address the following concepts, dynamics, and issues: the social support offered by peers, adolescents’ increasing levels of autonomy in the family system, or challenges, risks, and protective factors related to an early unplanned pregnancy.

When citing the text or other course materials verbatim (directly) or when paraphrasing (indirectly), be sure to identify the relevant page number(s). Use in-text citation.

Tips on developing your paper:

Availability of Films: at independent and chain video stores; through Netflix, iTunes, and other online sources; through your local library.

Having a good grasp of the film means that you will need to watch it more than once. You’ll also want to take notes. Remember, your primary purpose in viewing the film is for analysis, not entertainment (although an appreciation for the film will support your engagement). You’ll want to view the film critically, considering how the film depicts themes and concepts discussed in the readings and viewing material addressed from Week Six on. Strategies for Note-taking: Some students prefer to take notes during their first viewing of the film (when the story and characters are fresh and unfamiliar). Others choose to make notes after their first viewing, and then re-view the film and make more detailed notes. Whatever strategy you choose, you will need to view the film more than once, and you may view portions of it multiple times. You’ll also want to jot down relevant bits of verbatim dialogue and descriptions of events that you’ll incorporate in your writing.

Provide an introductory paragraph that BRIEFLY summarizes the arc of the film (4-5 sentences max), and then tell readers of your paper why it’s a particularly useful film for addressing specific dynamics, processes and challenges that adolescents face. Make sure to identify the 6 concepts or processes that you’ll be focusing on for your paper.

Your paper must be thoughtfully developed. Focus your analysis on one or two central characters. Also, be sure to refer to the characters by name (not by the name of the actor playing the role). If you aren’t sure of characters’ names, you can find them on imdb.com (Internet Movie Database), or by rolling the film credits at the end of the film.

Remember, you’re not being asked to review the film or write up your reactions to the film. Your task is to examine how the film illuminates and helps us to understand the various phenomena that we are studying.

Papers will be posted in your Forum Group’s Paper Forum.

Alternate Assignment Option:

Some of you may prefer to skip the added screen time needed for this assignment. If that’s the case, you may select a novel or a non-fiction book or memoir that focuses on the adolescent experience through the lens of a specific teen. This may also be a way for you to focus in greater depth on particular issues facing adolescents. For example, you might want to address autism or neurodiversity, homelessness, activism, a highly creative adolescent, or drug addiction. Please email me directly with the title of the text that you plan to use.

[Note: For either option (the film or a book about an adolescent): If you find that our course materials are insufficient in addressing the themes (dynamics, processes, issues) that you want to examine, you may certainly opt to bring in outside sources. However, outside sources are not required.]

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Introduction

Most of the current research shows that, in the whole world, there are more than estimated one billion Christians. Most of them belong to different denominations and independent churches, talking different languages. With such vast number of followers of Jesus Christ, and possibly much more, with various level of understanding of whom he was and what he wanted and advocated for.

It is in this context that Ken Kesey relates some of his work with Christianity, in the work one Flew over the Cuckoos Nest. He inserts some spiritual representation. Various opinions have been put forward for Kesey’s insertion of Christianity in the works, with some saying it was for Kesey’s own choice and a hint of personal thoughts and experience with Christ. However, it is not surprising that the spiritual model has brought an extra ordinary association between the readers and the novel. The similarity between the novel and Christ is enhanced as every person reading the novel finds an event, which they can relate to their lives. The similarity of character between Christ and Murphy is analyzed, and the outcome used in helping understand the themes.

Even for persons with little knowledge about Christianity, after reading the novel, it is remarkably easy to see the religious content in the novel. This connection is seen when McMurphy takes his patients to a fishing trip, as Chief Bromden says the twelve of them were led towards the ocean (Dodd & Spaulding 2000). This brings to mind Jesus Christ and the twelve disciples, even more astounding is that they have gone fishing. Just like in the bible Christ encouraged his disciples to be fishers of other men. Another obvious reference to the Bible is when McMurphy looses consciousness and ESP had to be administered. It is said his body is latched on the ground like a cross which is how Christ was crucified on the cross. Another reference to Christianity is noticed when McMurphy asks if he will get the thorn crown (Dodd & Spaulding 2000). This can be related to Christ when he was being crucified a crown made of thorns was put on his head. These last events can be related to Jesus Christ’s last days on earth; in Christianity Jesus Christ is betrayed by a disciple named Judas, and subsequently crucified. In Kesey’s novel, Billy Bibbit is the traitor by saying that McMurphy is the one responsible for the events of the previous night. As a result, McMurphy is sentenced to lobotomy, right after Billy Bibbit tells this to Nurse Ratched he cuts his throat and dies just like Judas from the Gospel who commits suicide by strangling himself.

Even though Billy Bibbit death caused uproar, Ratched goes ahead, and orders McMurphy to be lobotomized which is death in itself as McMurphy is not able to do anything. The numerous events in the novel, which imitate how Christ himself laid his own life for the sake of Christians, has connected people even more to the novel, as it reminds them of Christ’s life. The similarity between the life of Christ and McMurphy have attracted more readers, who want to know more about the implication of similarity and the outcome it has on Murphy’s character. He is so much like Christ (Dodd & Spaulding 2000). The various qualities that McMurphy Shares with Christ include, his capability to use his intelligence to ask questions, which could demoralize, and defy Nurse Ratched power. Christ was also ever asking questions which in themselves were defying the authority of his time, to prove to them every now and then that their actions were not right. McMurphy is the same, as it comes out in the whole novel where he questions everything he thinks is not being fair to him. Such as the reasons why the patients are not allowed to watch the world sports series, why the music should be played on a high volume, as if they all had hearing problems, and the reason why the toothpaste that they are supposed to use must be locked in the cabinets every morning. They were all adults who knew how they were supposed to use the tooth paste.

McMurphy was extraordinarily active in defying the authority by using witty questions, and it is not a surprise that he gained popularity, and the support of so many people further enhances this fact. McMurphy was exceedingly experienced at, weakening the authority of those who he thought were unfair like Ratched. The same way Christ was in weakening the authority of the time, McMurphy has authority inside him. He is brave, no matter whom he is talking to, and always says what is in his mind. This trait is seen the first time he walks into the ward, and demands to know who was responsible in the daily running of the place (Dodd & Spaulding 2000). In the room which is occupied by hardened criminals, he displays no fear by asking for the leader of the ward. This is the same power that Christ wielded whenever he was confronting those who went against Gods wish.

While McMurphy and Christ shares various qualities. The characteristic that stands out from the rest is, they both dedicated their lives to helping those people who surrounds them. Even if they were not his family, despite the fact, that McMurphy was no sincere and a schemer, especially while playing poker with the fellow patients. Deep down he always wanted the best for his fellow patients, He was a source of encouragement, to the other patients. He always told him they were not acutely sick as people thought (Dodd & Spaulding 2000). He was there to give the other patients hope, even when they were destined to fail. Just the same way Christ came to give hope to mankind and deliver them from the eternal fire. McMurphy was a person who was willing to help other patients who were in need without expecting to be paid in return. Christ in the gospel teachings agreed to be crucified, not that because he expected to be paid but, he did it in order to save mankind.

An incident, where McMurphy tries to teach the other patients is when they were in the tub having their bath; He talks of escaping from the ward, despite the other patients doubts he tries for along time to break free and fails, even so he tell the other patients after all he has tried (Dodd & Spaulding 2000). With that, he shows all other patients that no matter what the situation one is faced with, self belief and never ever giving up one can achieve anything. Another trait of McMurphy is portrayed is self sacrifice; there is a high possibility that McMurphy intentionally stayed behind rather than escaping with the prostitutes. Even though at the in his mind, he knew that he would be punished, McMurphy knew by not running away, he was sending a clear message to the other patients that they were strong enough to fight back. Eventually, he is lobotomized, and that enhanced his message to the other patients (Dodd & Spaulding 2000). McMurphy dies a truly happy man knowing that he has accomplished his duty. Just as Christ who died happily knowing that his death had saved mankind. McMurphy portrayed as Christ like person. The readers are allowed a deeper view of his character and his importance in the novel. Like Christ, he dies but, not in vain as his death brings redemption to those who he leaves behind.

As have been brought out above from the explanations, McMurphy and Christ are alike, although in their own unique way. Kesey brings out Murphy as a character whose traits, and life history is extremely much familiar to that of Christ does not suggest that the views are similar to Jesus view. Kenny is trying to bring out the picture that just like Jesus, Murphy is also radical, and it does not go down well with all people just as many people were not happy with Jesus. Many attacked the opinion and beliefs of Christ. The nurse was not happy with McMurphy not because he was wrong but, it is because he always took the decision that were radial, and was never afraid to tell what he felt like saying.

McMurphy frequently faulted the ostensibly subjective systems, and the astringent rules in the ward where he stayed. This habit of being defiant annoyed the nurse in charge. He tells of the nurse after he is not given the time to watch an ongoing world series. His constant challenging of the authority in charge brings out the theme that one can fight oppression. Both Murphy and Christ were brave enough to do things that were not regular the society. The fact that Murphy had an extremely difficult life at times; he always had his own way to counter his personal problems. Christ also had his own share of problems that he dealt with by praying, and ,on the other hand, McMurphy would laugh, and the magnificent humor helped him counter his problem as McMurphy was not as religious as Christ who would pray to his father to give him strength to help him overcome the many obstacles. This trait of McMurphy is witnessed while they were on fishing, and Bromden hurts his thumb, McMurphy laughs so loud, to help Bromden understand that at times laughing at something that hurts someone helps to keep one keep in balance (Dodd & Spaulding 2000). By using a character like McMurphy who shares more similar traits like that of Christ, the readers can see the reflection of Christ in McMurphy, and this draws them more to this Character.

Conclusion

The best works at times are like rock for one to get the minerals; it holds one has to dig through the rock. In Kesey’s work, he brings out Christ as the diamond that people have mistaken for a rock with no value, a few traits of Christ can be seen, although some few people can see the significance of Christ and how his presence changes the novels general outcome. But after cutting the tough surface and looking keenly at the text to see the various events of Christ life, the similarity of the character traits between McMurphy and Christ is evident, and it is this similarity that brings out the themes in the book. In that the jewel, which is the message, which Kesey is trying to bring out is found.

Work cited

Dodd, David G., and Diana Spaulding. The Grateful Dead reader. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Print.

Professor’s name

Student’s name

Due date

Course title: Psychology

Topic: most significant event and its impact in life.

Life is made up of twists and turns that occur at every point and stage in life and whatever happens may have a huge impact in our future lives. The significance of the events that occur in our lives is that they supposed to shape us and to make us wiser and more experienced in life. Significant events are usually easy to recall and they are easy to point out for they are vividly stored in our memories. The most important event that took place in my life before I got to adulthood was the planning of what I want to major on when it comes to what career I wanted in life, to be a paediatrician.

The decision that I made on what I want to be when I grow up remains accurate and it is easy to recall when the decision was made and where it was made. As children grow towards maturity and adolescence, they tend to make decision who they want to be when they grow up; what career path they would want to follow. When that event occurs it becomes an unforgettable memory that teaches us a lesson that will greatly impact our future lives and forms the basic guidelines of life. What makes the event unforgettable? Neurobiological studies and psychologists have concluded that an event or life experience based on emotion is more likely to be vividly recalled. Choosing to be a paediatrician as a career in future, was based on my passion and love for children which is what I found fit for me as a career in future; this makes the event emotionally based hence it is stored in the memory in a way that would be hard to forget.

The subjective well being of an individual refers to how people experience the quality of life based on emotion and the cognitive decisions people make (Hutchison, 2013). The subjective well being of a person tends to depend on ones personality and the emotions one has towards a certain factor. Cognition is defined as the processing of information and the making of changes based on ones preferences; while making the decision to specialize on child care, my love for children was the main motivating factor and preferring to take care of their health made me choose this specific career. That decision has greatly impacted my current life and has made me appreciate children and their health. Taking care of a child’s health helps build the society and giving the community a strong foundation for a better lifestyle. The decision, being a health specialist has helped in developing a love for taking care of life and to aid people (children) when they are suffering from ailments. It has helped build self esteem since one feels proud when they save a life or help a suffering child. Being content and happy of what you do is an element of subjective well being of a person and this has a positive impact on one’s life as people get to make decisions which make them proud of themselves in future. The event has affected my subjective life in a positive way as am always happy with what I do and has made me value life and to always appreciate children and take good care of them.

The development theory describes the study of a child’s growth to adulthood and helps us to appreciate the cognitive, emotional, social and physical growth of children (Hutchison, 2013). The theory stipulates that what a child grows knowing and the environment they grow in helps determine what they will be and it shapes their future. My love for children grew at an early age as I had to take care of my younger siblings, feeding them, making sure they are clean and always took them to the clinic whenever they were ill. That was what lead me to make the decision to major on Paediatrics and currently that decision has greatly influenced my life as the need to care for children grew form cleaning and feeding them to taking care of their health and giving them a chance to be healthy and to some extent being a mentor to some. It enabled me to extend my love for children to other children and has enabled me to appreciate the importance of children in the society and what role they play; hence becomes a motivation to always take care of them.

Significant events that have an impact on our emotions and how we feel greatly impacts our health (Hutchison, 2013), the negative impacts of the event in my life were; getting to see children suffer from illnesses and seeing them in pain lead to mild state of depression as the sight of suffering children was overwhelming. Getting too absorbed in helping and taking care of the children to the extent of denying yourself time with others; this builds a negative impact on ones social life and leads to one pulling away from friends and family which is not healthy as far as one’s social life is concerned and this tends to also have a negative impact on one’s health. Positive impacts of the event are; one gets to develop self esteem and pride since one is content and happy by helping someone in need. It also helped me develop my personality through help other people in a better way which makes me content and proud; this has a positive impact on personal health since one tends to be happy.

References:

Hutchison, E.D (2013). Essentials of human behaviour: integrating person, environment, and the life course. Los Angeles: SAGE.

Admission Essay

Name

Institution

I completed my internship at NYC and gained a lot of experience. The internship was a pathway for the acquiring of a degree in Finance. By completing the degree, there are various skills and competencies that I will acquire and that will be very useful in the future. For instance, my business acumen and skills in finance will come to the limelight. I will have acquired the skill of creating cash management reporting system for the company that I will work for. The added advantage that I will have is that in my internship, I did that task which included coming up with a cash management reporting system for a Northern America Hospitality portfolio. The system was implemented, and it is still in use by the group in all its relevant operations. In future, this will help me a lot in my practice after acquiring a degree in Finance.

After acquiring the degree in finance, I will be fully prepared for a career in the business field, stretching across any sector or industry. Therefore, my options will be varied. My prowess in cash flow management as well as analysis of the companies’ resources will also come in handy when at last I get employed.

Another skill that I will have acquired on the verge of my graduation involves creating a performance analysis for a company’s multifamily portfolio. The portfolio would be useful for presentation to potential investors. This would be important because gaining the trust of an investor is paramount to profit making of a company. Thus, my skills of persistence will be realized by my employer.

Conclusively, I will have learnt and mastered what it takes to be a Finance and business professional with the capability of becoming an efficient worker in the future. In any department that I will work in, I am sure that my work will remarkable and that my leadership skills will be put into use as a result.

Better Marketing

Pepsi’s $32 Billion Typo Caused Deadly Riots

How they accidentally made a promise they couldn’t keep

HYPERLINK “https://medium.com/@seanjkernan?source=post_page—–3d671295d1bd———————-”

HYPERLINK “https://medium.com/@seanjkernan?source=post_page—–3d671295d1bd———————-”

Sean KernanJun 9 · 4 min read

Source: pic via Lai Tsan Chan

Imagine working in the hot streets of Manila in the early 1990s. You are a butcher, slaving away in a loud, humid market for long hours. You only make several dollars a day to support a large family.

One evening, you are holding a Pepsi bottle cap in your hand. On it is a number. You bought several of these sodas in hopes of winning a big $40,000 giveaway at the end of the promotion. This money could change your family’s life. It is a mountain of earnings in a world of limited opportunities. You watch as Pepsi begins reading off the winners on TV.

Suddenly, you realize you’ve won. Incredulous, you quadruple check your numbers. The number is accurate. Your heart begins racing as you rush to call your wife and kids. However, you, and many winners like you, will never see that money. But at least you won’t lose your life, like some.

It started a year prior.

Pepsi was trying to break into the Philippine market where Coca-Cola was already dominant. This was the 12th largest soft drink market, with a rapidly growing population of 62 million people.

The economy was weak. Lots of people struggling to make ends meet. Tens of millions worked in rice fields and other physically demanding, low paying jobs.

It is a beautiful country. I lived there for years. This is Banaue (Source: pic via Palu Malerba)

Pepsi executives decided to do a promotional campaign that promised to have lots of payouts. Each Pepsi bottle cap would have a number that correlated to a prize that would be announced. There were be lots of small winners and then two huge winners of $40,000 each.

One Massive, Massive Problem

Pepsi hoped the allure of prize money would convert many of the low-income Coke drinkers. They strategically planned to give out a total of $2M in prizes.

However, a computer glitch with one of Pepsi’s vendors caused them to manufacture 800,000 bottles with the number “349” on the bottle cap.

Most bottles are manufactured on a several stage conveyer belt: bottle, pouring, capping, then labeling. (Source: pic via Delmarvanow)

The number “349” was the $40,000 winning number.

Pepsi had explicitly told its vendor factories not to print this number at all. The two bottles with that number would be specially manufactured and sent to the Philippines by Pepsi themselves.

So here is Pepsi, churning along each month, not knowing they accidentally sent $32 billion worth of winning caps to the Philippines. Meanwhile, everyone in the Philippines is going bananas for this promotion, buying up all the soda bottles. This disruptive campaign increased Pepsi’s market share from 4% to 24.9% in just two months.

Fast Forward. The big day arrives. All the Filipinos have their TV’s on. Pepsi goes on to announce the winning bottlecap number, 349, and across the Philippines, crowds of people are cheering. They’ve won enough money to buy a large house.

Pepsi then realizes they’ve made a terrible mistake. They do their whole, “Whoa whoa whoa, hold up.”

The optics of the situation aren’t pretty. You have this first world multibillion-dollar business that has made this huge monetary promise to these poor people, only to backpedal and blame it on a system error. One could see how it wouldn’t sit well with a rice farmer.

Pepsi realizes they can’t just walk away without paying anything. They make an offer of $18 to each patron. It came out to $8.7M in total payouts, versus their original budget of $2M. The people don’t find this offer very appetizing.

A 349 Alliance consumer action group forms. They begin protesting across Manila, in front of government buildings as well as Pepsi’s local headquarters.

Source: pic via Romeo Gacad Getty Images

Things start to get more violent. Then, full-blown riots break out. More than 30 Pepsi trucks are firebombed in the process.

Source: Pic via ImgurThen the situation escalates even more. Police are called in and rioters begin fighting with them, throwing rocks.

Source: Pic via ImgurThe police begin lobbing tear gas canisters at the protestors. Then a random protester throws a live grenade that ricochets off of a Pepsi truck and accidentally kills a woman and a young girl.

The fighting continues on throughout the day. By the end of all the carnage, five people die and dozens more are wounded. All because of a marketing promotion went wrong.

Following all of this, Pepsi faced thousands of court claims that it had to work through in the following years. There was a lengthy trial and the Philippine commerce courts eventually ruled that Pepsi’s mistake wasn’t malicious and it hadn’t committed a crime.

At the end of everything, Pepsi’s total combined losses, between physical, legal, and brand equity costs, would top $20M. Their market share would plummet and take years to rebound.

But Pepsi, ever the resilient brand, would recover its market share in due time. But not before “revisiting” a few of their internal processes.

Name

Course

Professor

Date

Categorical Imperative in a Grey World

Kant formulated the belief that the world is composed of two types of laws: the basic natural laws and the laws of morality. Basic natural laws are the laws that nature imposes on us based on our perception and understanding of the universe through our senses. On the other hand, moral laws are a set of authoritative universal laws that humans set on themselves based on their reasoning. Lying and breaking promises fall under moral laws. Kant saw all humans as deserving of what is morally right and saw them as capable of reasoning. From this, he drew his theory of categorical imperative. According to this, a man should reason out two things before committing an action. Firstly, they should ask themselves how humanity would turn out if everyone acted as they were about to. Secondly, they should also not use the possible result to justify their chosen course of action. Kant saw humanity as possessing the free will to do as it desired but believed that morality was a categorical imperative: to be adhered to despite one’s inner desire at all times ADDIN CSL_CITATION {“citationItems”:[{“id”:”ITEM-1″,”itemData”:{“DOI”:”10.1093/0199288836.001.0001″,”ISBN”:”9780191603648″,”abstract”:”This book contains chapters on various features of Kant’s moral psychology and moral theory, with particular emphasis on a conception of rational agency autonomy. The opening chapters explore different elements of Kant’s views about motivation, including an account of respect for morality as the distinctive moral motive and a view of the principle of happiness as a representation of the shared structure of non-moral choice. These chapters stress the unity of Kant’s moral psychology by arguing that moral and non-moral considerations motivate in essentially the same way. Several of the chapters develop an original approach to Kant’s conception of autonomy that emphasizes the political metaphors found throughout Kant’s writings on ethics. They argue that autonomy is best interpreted not as a psychological capacity, but as a kind of sovereignty: in claiming that moral agents have autonomy, Kant regards them as a kind of sovereign legislator with the power to give moral law through their willing. The final chapters explore some of the implications of this conception of autonomy elsewhere in Kant’s moral thought, arguing that his Formula of Universal Law uses this conception of autonomy to generate substantive moral principles and exploring the connection between Kantian self-legislation and duties to oneself.”,”author”:[{“dropping-particle”:””,”family”:”Reath”,”given”:”Andrews”,”non-dropping-particle”:””,”parse-names”:false,”suffix”:””}],”container-title”:”Agency and Autonomy in Kant’s Moral Theory: Selected Essays”,”id”:”ITEM-1″,”issued”:{“date-parts”:[[“2006″,”2″,”23″]]},”number-of-pages”:”1-288″,”publisher”:”Oxford University Press”,”title”:”Agency and Autonomy in Kant’s Moral Theory: Selected Essays”,”type”:”book”,”volume”:”9780199288830″},”uris”:[“http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=507a560b-60ce-35e2-999b-f4ed5d243c07″]}],”mendeley”:{“formattedCitation”:”(Reath)”,”plainTextFormattedCitation”:”(Reath)”,”previouslyFormattedCitation”:”(Reath)”},”properties”:{“noteIndex”:0},”schema”:”https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json”}(Reath). 

Lying and breaking promises, according to the categorical imperative, is immoral. If everyone in the world lied to one another, the world would plunge into mayhem. People would not be able to have meaningful dealings with one another. Additionally, it would infringe on our rights to free choice since the information on which the choice is based is corrupted. The same goes for promise-breaking. If people were to break their promises, the intrinsic value and power a promise or an oath holds would be lost. According to Kant, even if lying or breaking a promise in a particular situation would result in a morally good outcome, it should still not be done. The ends do not justify the means.

In my opinion, Kant’s views on morality offer a simple enough yet perhaps too simplistic view on morality for the world’s liking. He offers a black and white system in a grey world where almost all actions could fall on either side of the morality scale given their context. Immoral acts do not occur within a vacuum. They are a byproduct of numerous decisions made by numerous people over time. Looking at immorality as Kant does therefore offers a two-dimensional view of a three-dimensional problem. This, however, raises the problem of how much context to give an act before deeming it either immoral or moral. I believe that people can lie or break their promises in cases where the end does indeed, justify the means. And not just any end, but a selfless end. If lying protects others from harm, then it is no longer an immoral but a moral act -despite satisfying only one of Kant’s criteria. For instance, lying to your recovering alcoholic friend that you no longer drink to give them moral support in their recovery journey is a moral act. It is a selfless lie committed to protect another.

Works Cited

ADDIN Mendeley Bibliography CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Reath, Andrews. “Agency and Autonomy in Kant’s Moral Theory: Selected Essays.” Agency and Autonomy in Kant’s Moral Theory: Selected Essays, vol. 9780199288830, Oxford University Press, 2006, doi:10.1093/0199288836.001.0001.

Silent Era

Student’s Name

Affiliation

Most silent era films have lost footage from the public view and are neglected in the archives and in various private collections. Those that are available are too remote in their cinematic performance to engage modern audiences. This is because the modern films have advanced into digital and are more preferred to the silent film (Nicolas Gaudreault, & Santiago, 2012).

Preservation and lost films

The early activity pictures are lost due to the nitrate film that was used during era was exceedingly flammable and unstable. Moreover, many films were intentionally destroyed since they had less value before home video in the era. Others had no numerical data. Major silent films alleged lost included Titanic 1912 which showed survivors of the disaster and others. The old filming can be upgraded by proper archiving through transfer to the digital media for preservation. Currently Silent film preservation is a priority to the film historians (O’Regan, 1996).

The visual silent cinemas of the 1920 era were high, but there exist a misunderstanding that the movies were hardly watchable by contemporary principles. This misunderstanding resulted from movies that are played back at erroneous speed and their worsened condition. Most collected silent films only exist as a second or third copy that have been copied from already spoiled and abandoned films stock. Moreover, most prints suffer from editing cuts and missing scenes and frames, resulting to poor editing. With new technologies, the silent films are viewed to be boring and old fashioned. They involve ages and historic events that are viewed to be out dated.

Inter title

Motion picture increased and there was a need for an interpreter who would explain the actions and motions in the film. On screen inter titles were used to comment, narrate and explain a story to the audience since the silent films had no sound coordination for dialogue. The title writer was a major professional in silent cinemas and was different from the scenario writer who made the story. Titles became the graphic element featuring pictures that commented on the acts.

In modern film inter titles is used but only to translated an anonymous language into a national language that people can understand. It has even advanced for the impaired people that the films include an expert in sign language to explain events.

Live sound and music

Most silent films featured live music beginning with a pianist at the public outcrop of movies. Music was seen to be vital, casual to the atmosphere and providing the audience essential emotional sign. Big theaters had organist and a larger orchestra in place of pianist. Silent films music was gathered from photoplay music by the organist, pianist, and orchestra conductor as well as incorporated a cue sheet with the movie. There was a time when silent era movies were the only source of employment for instrumental musician. Enlargement of the range of film camera schemes must eventually give an appointment of the frame in relation to the imaginative control of the perforations and the visual soundtrack area.

In 1960s-1970s significance in the scoring of silent films became out fashioned. Most college film programs believed that audiences ought to understanding silent film as a pure illustration medium, undistracted by music (Edmondson & Pike, 1982). This believes had been brought about by the poor quality of music tracks found in most silent film reprints of the era. Recently there has been a restoration of interest in presenting silent films with better musical scores, either redoing of period scores or composition of suitable original scores.

A silent film has no coordinated substantial sound particularly without oral dialogue. Dialogue is transmitted through mime, gestures and little cards in the silent film. The plan of joining recorded sound and motioned pictures is almost as old as the cinema itself, however since the practical challenges implicated, coordinated dialogue was only made technical in the late 1920’s with the introduction of Vita phone coordination and the accomplishment of the Audio amplifier tube (Edmondson & Pike, 1982).

In modern technology music in films rhymes with the movies and explains what the movie is intended for. There are special instrument that have been innovated for the best production of background music. The music players and their instruments are not seen since they are at the back of the scenes. Sounds are modified and equalized to give the best sounds.

Acting Techniques

Silent film actors stressed on facial expressions and body language for better understanding from the audience on what the actor was portraying and feeling on screen. Most silent film acting is appropriate to beat modern-day audiences as simplistic. The histrionic acting style was a routine actors relocated from their initial period experience. Silent era period was 1877-1920 where two films were created by Eadweard Muybridge and Louis Le Prince. The art activity pictures developed into full maturity in the silent era previously silent films were substituted by talking pictures in late 1920’s. Most buffs and scholars argue that the artistic quality of films reduced for many years until actors, directors and the production staff adjusted to the new talkies (Oever, & van den, 2010).

Early studios

During silent eras there were few studios for movie making. After 1985, the demand for more and big studios rose and more studios were formed. In 1908, Edison brought about the formation of the Motion Picture Patents Company in the attempt to manage the production and shut out for smaller producers. The General film Co. and the motion picture patents Co. were found accountable of antitrust violation in 1915, however they resolved the matter. In Modern time studios are all over the world with numerous techniques of performance. They also have divisions depending on the professions for instance a studio for films and movies, a studio for music creations, a studio for news anchoring and much more (Edmondson & Pike, 1982).

Projection speed

Silent films were lacking speed frame rates until consistency of projection speed of 24 frames for sounds in 1926-1930 which depended on the studio. During the era 16frames per second was considered correct but modernly it is viewed to be n erroneous value for the frames speed. The silent films can be cranked to be slow or fast. Some were even under cranked when shooting to accelerate actions. Cellulose Nitrate projections of film brought a risk of fire when exposed to projection lamp for a longer time.

Normally projectionists established common directions from the distributors on the musical director’s cue sheet as to how fast scenes should be projected. In few cases, generally for larger productions, cue sheets particularly for the projectionist gave a comprehensive direction to presenting the film. For Theaters to maximize profit they sometimes diverse projection speeds regarding on the time of status of a film, and to fit a film into an approved period.

In modern times, Technology has advanced and there are projectors that can be used indoors and outdoors. They are made in different sizes depending on the audience to be covered and the function (Goldsmith & Lea land, 2010).

Visual

Comparing two different aspects brings some details of comparing, images with equal width, equal height, equal diagonal, or equal area. This includes the wide full length, and tallness at the same time closeness In silent Eras, the display units used were not visible and worse when it came to width and height. When the display was short the display was invisible and therefore not many people could view it unless it is broadened. This did not bring about any profit .How ever in modern Films people use LCDs and plasmas for display, cameras, projectors and other optical devices. For diagonal the shorter and the wider yields are the same therefore is more profitable since it is balanced.

Reference

Nicolas Gaudreault, D., & Santiago, A. H. (2012).Companion to Early Cinema. (p. 647). Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley-Blackwell DOI: ISBN 9781444332315

O’Regan, T. (1996). Australian National Cinema / Tom O’Regan. (pp. 365-375). London; New York: Routledge. DOI: 0415057302 0415057310 (pbk.)

Oever, , & van den , A. (2010). Cinema Beyond Film: Media Epistemology in the Modern Era. (p. 277). Amsterdam, NLD: Amsterdam University Press DOI: ISBN 9789089640833

Edmondson, R., & Pike, A. (1982). Australia’s lost films: The: Loss and Rescue of Australia’s Silent Cinemas. Australia: National Library of Australia.

Goldsmith, B. E., & Lea land, G. (2010). Directory of World Cinema Australia & New Zealand. (Vol. 3). Chicago, USA: t he University of Chicago Press,. Retrieved from http://www.intellectbooks.co.uk/MediaManager/File/Australia Directory eBook.pdf

Student’s Name

Supervisor’s Name

Due date

Admission Essay

I always wanted to be a nurse since I was a kid. Throughout my childhood, I was always fascinated by how much respect nurses were given during my doctor appointments. Many factors influenced my decision to major in nursing, including the ability to care for others, the money and advantages afforded by the profession, as well as work security and flexibility. The capacity to care for someone other than myself is one of the key reasons I chose nursing as a career. Nurses typically have a compassionate heart that aids in the healing of any sickness, whether it is physical or emotional. Most people require TLC (tender loving care) since it nurtures the heart over time. Nurses also assist many patients in learning about many health subjects that may help them feel better. It also demonstrates that nurses are concerned about their patient’s well-being, as they would not spend the time to educate a patient on his or her ailment if they did not believe it would be beneficial. Another reason I’m considering majoring in nursing is the money and advantages it provides. Depending on the type of workplace in which they work, most nurses earn well.

I believe I have abilities and characteristics that will allow me to excel as a student and later as a practicing nurse. Nurses require professional skills, and education can meet these needs in a variety of settings. I have critical thinking skills, decision-making power, policymaking, performance monitoring, educator, leader, investigator, advocate, special knowledge of the policy and legislative process, service management skills, quality traits, honesty, credibility, ability to engage in public policy advocacy activity, health informatics skills, and active listening skills that can be influenced in public policy. I’m flexible, which is a quality that nurses should possess because they must think quickly and adjust to changing patient needs. This will assist me in achieving my objective since being able to adapt to different circumstances forces me to accept responsibility, deal with pressure, and make wise decisions, as the lives of others are in my hands. Nurses are also educators, which adds to their worth.

Planning, prevention, preparedness, and response can all help to meet global health requirements. Nurses’ involvement in care delivery, leadership, policymaking, and education can all help to enhance global health outcomes. They play a critical role in influencing population behavior and promoting health as global nurses. Adoption of technology ensures the safety and quality of care, as well as the provision of timely care. Nurse informatics’ unique expertise and abilities in the use of telecommunication equipment for data documents for vulnerable populations aid in meeting their diverse needs. The research design improves access to evidence-based care while also avoiding nurse shortages, minimizing medical errors, tracking people’s data, and increasing access to care. Nursing education is crucial for improving global health quality because it may help people in different parts of the world solve health challenges. Nurses’ diverse knowledge has an impact on people’s health outcomes and the quality of care provided to undereducated, vulnerable populations to prevent them from developing harmful habits. Nurses with an understanding of environmental aspects such as illness causation, transmission, symptoms, and prevention can assist in improving population awareness through educating for early disease prevention. It is extremely beneficial to community groups at all levels, from local to global.

Currently, there is a high demand for nurses all around the United States. There are also several opportunities in the sector, regardless of specialization, because all states have a nursing shortage. The choices are unlimited whether one chooses to reside in the north, south, or west. Some nurses have so much freedom that they choose their working hours and even days. Many nurses choose to specialize in specific areas of nursing. Hospitals, nursing homes, and doctor’s offices are just a few of the settings available in this sector. Nursing is more than simply a future career for me; it is a privilege that will allow me to share my compassion for people through the tasks that have been assigned to me. I know that by completing the degree, I will be challenged and influenced by top-notch educators who share many of my views and aspirations for others. As a future nurse, I’m looking for a program that will challenge me while also providing a broad education.

To summarize all I’ve said thus far, I believe I am the one individual who deserves the university admission grant. The main reason for this is my tremendous desire to put what I’m learning in school into practice in the lives of people all over the world. I have such goals in mind. Acceptance to university could help me achieve my goals and allow me to expand on the talents I already have. Furthermore, I believe that this is an area in which I must grow. I have a lot of familiar students, and hearing their experiences about university life and studies fascinates me every time.