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Introduction

Many people believe ethics is being morally correct or incorrect. But in summary, professional ethics is the ability, to know what is correct and incorrect in the places of work. This is in consideration to the services rendered by the organization. To encourage professional ethics, many organizations have made rules in the places of work that help to guide the workers of what should be done. Work ethics are essential for employees to work in peace and enjoy a serene working environment.

The failure to follow the rules of conduct, by the organization could lead to low production, or the production coming to a halt, the workers might not also enjoy the work, examples of work place ethics comprised of work attendance, the ability to work as a team, appearance, level of production, the employees loyalty, integrity, accountability, and dependability. Values are the things that one considers as significant (Kvale 120). Some values contain various characteristics like, compassionate nature, reliability; professional values are the ones that the employee share in the organization, to help the employees to do what is right (Wendleton, 220). When putting into practice another person’s ethics, they must judge what the most significant values means to them. After deliberating and identifying the most significant values to them, they can reflect on the values related to their career choice (Kvale 150). The organization might be looking for an individual with the traits to feel a certain post. An organization may want persons with traits such as kindness, appreciation, firmness, antagonism, esteem, and friendships.

A person who poses and shows professional ideals, and moral values can advance their career in a variety of ways. If an organization has put down clear rules on the code of conduct in the organization, the employees working within the organization should use the opportunity to advance their career, by proving that they can be depended on, hard working, and motivated may bring them success (Wendleton, 220). If an employee is given a task to work on by the employer, then the employee decides to work at night to ensure the completion of the work on time, it might show the employer how committed the employee is, and how much they want to move up the organization’s ladder through dedication. If the employee can show that they have an idea, of what the organization advocates for, and can depict that to the employer then the employee can gain lots of respect from the employer that can bring about promotion of the employee. It is constantly significant, to bear in mind that whenever an employer wants to promote an employee, the employer looks at the employees previous performance, responsibilities, and the pecking order.

Interrogation

Questioning, a possible suspect entails using a variety of skills. Cross-examination is naturally challenging (Wendleton, 280). The detective cross-examining the possible suspect would need to suppress the anger within the possible suspect, avoid war of words, and make the possible suspect open up to him to get additional information (Kvale 120). The purpose for an interrogation is for the detective to get more information from the suspect than to create tension (Wendleton, 290). In that case, the detective should consider the questions they ask the suspect. The first time a suspect is brought the questions that they should ask the suspect are questions like, asking the suspect what he likes doing during free time, the suspect’s hobbies, and even how the family is doing. These questions are to unnerve the suspect and make the suspect open up to the detective. After that, the detective can ask questions about the case. Asking the suspect where they were at a certain time, the persons they were with, and if the people the suspect mentioned can support the suspect’s story beyond any reasonable doubt (Kvale 170).

During the cross-examination, three detectives should be present, one would be investigating the alibi to prove if they are saying the truth, and the other two will be asking questions to the suspect. Another significant part of cross-examination is looking at the body language of the suspect as it can help to check if the suspect is saying the truth. Basic skills of telling whether a person is lying or not, can be gained by carrying out frequent interrogation. The daily interaction with different kinds of people can help one to tell when one is lying by looking at the body language (Kvale 120). That experience gained by looking at people’s behavior can be applied during interrogation.

Conclusion

Organizations are forever determined to display what they can offer and their exceptional competence. If one sabotages the organization in anyway, it could bring about the termination of employment of the person. For example, if an organization decides that employing the minorities is their priority in order to bring uniformity. The person responsible for hiring the organization employees should do as instructed, even if the person does not like the idea. If the employee allows personal principles, to come before the organizations principles then the employee would be jeopardizing their job. Every employee should always remember that professional ethics is of tremendous importance to them and organizations which they work for.

Work cited

Kvale, Steinar. Doing interviews. London: SAGE Publications, 2007. Print

Wendleton, Kate. Getting interviews. Franklin Lakes, N.J.: Career Press, 2000. Print.

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Adolescence is typically a period of life that occurs mostly between the ages of 10 to 16 years. This period the youth undergo different physical and behavioral changes. Since many years ago, this stage has been viewed as a stage of tremendous stress and storms for youth and all who came across them. This stereotyping of young people being caught in changing bodies and raging hormones has been affecting not only their parents but also educators. Much weight has been given to difficulties associated with adolescents and has also led to many views on the level of control and patients among the youths who are trying to interfere with their adolescents. Recent research has to try to answer some of the questions pertaining to rapid change during early adolescence and how the schools and other educational institutions, including social welfares designed to serve these young students. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the adolescent developmental characteristics of the students impact the classroom, such as the learning environment and a diverse student population in the school. It also explains how organizations structure impacts middle school programs and practices. Lastly, the paper tries to look at how is this information valuable to you as a future teacher as you consider socially equitable practices and your knowledge of middle schools.

Middle-level educators in the middle grades enjoy being with young adolescents as they are knowledgeable about the dynamic uniqueness of this stage. The value detailed study and carry research on decision reflecting the interest and the need of the student. These educators are more sensitive to students’ behavioral differences and respond positively toward them; hence, they are likely invertible to students’ role models. By the provision of good leadership, they improve schools’ effectiveness. They also send influential messages to the students and practice those qualities that they want students to emulate.

Through active learning, students are able to express their preferences and need where the educators are able to plan for instructions and assessment. Middle grades schools also become successful through the concept of active learning. This concept also assists students to hypothesize and get adequate information which helps them in understanding their goal hence playing a major role in the achievement of their education.

The challenging curriculum is another concept. The concept relates the curriculum as a vehicle for accomplishing the vision and mission of the school. In most of the middle grades schools, curriculum program not only includes classwork but also programs like group discussions, games, drama and music production, and student government. Some of the middle grades schools run their curriculum through units and projects where they mainly focus on the major issues and complex tasks. There is also a hidden curriculum where the students learn through seeing and interacting with people from different backgrounds, which mostly affects their way of doing things and also has a powerful influence on students’ education. Therefore, teachers in these schools should not only focus on the programmed curriculum but also focus on the positive interaction with the students and make sure that students are all treated equitably.

Even if the learning task is difficult, it should be seen as achievable, and this is by moving beyond the syllabus. Teachers should use their professional knowledge in consultation with the students to guide them on how to gather ideas from a vast range of information, and this can be achieved through teachers’ guide to students in examining the values, views, assumptions and address them on how and why things are happening. The concept will help the students to place emphasis on the understanding of the basic concept and able to use information informing creative solutions from the overwhelming data available.

Organizational structure nature effective interdisciplinary. Students and teachers work together to maintain high discipline, which signifies high performance in the schools. The disciplinary team also enhances parents’ contacts and improving the learning climate in the schools. Furthermore, a well-structured organization has a positive impact on the professional of teachers. A similar dairy schedule inhibits plans on how to integrate curriculum, analyze the collected data, monitor the students’ work, and discuss the arising hypothesis. Schedules that provide extensive class time schedules allow activities like mocks trial, fieldwork and trips, and debates, which are valuable learning experiences.

In most cases large schools, are divided into sub-divisions; houses or schools within the school in which replicates smaller grade levels, which make the school at large. The replication of lesser grades fosters a long term relationship between students and their teachers, which creates a sustainable relationship between teachers, parents, and students. The schools have also created a program where a parent can receive any information pertaining to students’ academic progress, and also, the student can receive a telephone from any family member in case of concern. The program has helped families stay engaged with their students’ educational progress though it is very difficult as most students prefer to keep home and school separate. But this type of communication leads to higher achievements among the students.

Adolescent involves dynamic behavioral and physical changes. Through learning, research, and long term association with the middle-level students, as a future teacher will be in a position of noting different traits and how to deal with them. Through good relationships with the students, you will get first-hand information about their preferences, and your instructions will be received. Students will be more likely to respect, obey, and listen to you. A good relationship with the student will report to improved performance in the curriculum, and this is due to the fact that students can easily approach you for help if they have a problem in a particular unit or subject. It is the fact that students get more encouraged to working hard if they know for sure that their teacher looks at them, which helps in the identification of the means and the strategies to use in order to maintain a good relationship with the students. Furthermore, through cross interaction with the student, the teacher will identify the best teaching method to adopt, hence improving a grade in your subject.

In conclusion, middle-class teachers use their research knowledge about young adolescent development and use the knowledge to integrate classroom events. They also use the knowledge in building good relationships with the student and initiating programs that help families stay engaged with their students’ educational progress though it is very difficult as most students prefer to keep home and school separate. This type of communication leads to higher achievements among the students. As a future teacher, one should embrace listening, and direct interaction with the student as this will create a good relationship between the teacher and the students, which are of benefits to both the teacher and the students’ performance.

Reference

Lounsbury, J. H. (2010). This we believe: Keys to educating young adolescents. Middle School Journal, 41(3), 52-53.

Research Journal 3

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Caterpillar Inc. Strategic Management

Caterpillar International Company’s vision is to be the world head in client value. It purposes to be the worldwide trailblazer in the business through superb products that please the clients. It also creates its business worth and its distribution system all over the universe. On the query on whether Caterpillar Inc. Company uses appropriate measures, it is evident that this company is using appropriate measures. It is the globe’s leading producer of development and mining ironware, petroleum and diesel gas motors, and contemporary gas turbines. One obvious thing is that Caterpillar is using the right measures whereby their operations are centered around getting solutions that can make an ideal world for their customers and to attract investors through developments. 

Caterpillar Inc.’s appropriate measures of validating its strategic effectiveness

Caterpillar Inc. usually has the ability to empower the customer. It strives to empower the client through several provisions intended to create reliability with customers and fortify associations with them. With the values as a business, Caterpillar Inc. influences a data-driven methodology, the Execution and Operating Model, to control its elementary headship process and position to proceed with gainful growth. It also has greatness in operations by working smart to expand its operations (Williams, 2018). This includes making sure there is a discipline in prices, security, quality, and acquire a favorable position in the market. Its greatest competitive advantage results from its economies of scale, item quality, and the powerful inventory network Caterpillar Inc. has worked on over many years in business. In actual fact, inventory network and class conveyance system provide an upper hand and expanded generation levels while considering different customer’s needs.   

Organizational structure

Caterpillar Inc.’s organizational structure involves a basic hierarchical structure. This type of structure is advantageous in ensuring that the firm practices authentication methods and product offers run efficiently. Besides, management is fortified into a single line of operation, making the task operative and simple. It has a simple organizational structure for making sure that the business design, manufactures, and sells natural gas engines, mining equipment, and diesel. Since the year 1905, this firm has been one that has grown by making great developments to its types of machinery by taking advantage of the available technology (Melo, 2017). Caterpillar Inc. has had the capability to adapt to the demands and dynamic changes of the construction industry. The firm adopts a decentralized management structure that was the suitable one to get close to the clients and gratify their needs with no trouble. This firm does not depend on management levels for direction. As an alternative, they implement a very short chain of command that makes sure concepts can simple for directors, line, and production managers and vice versa. 

Determining whether Caterpillar Inc.’s organizational structure is considered a traditional organizational structure or a Holacracy

Caterpillar Inc.’s organizational structure is considered Holacracy. This signifies that the firm is managed by a top managerial staff that is completely independent and free. Caterpillar Inc. comprises a panel that has outsiders who are not members. It consists of a general representative who oversees five presidents who are distributed across functioning areas of the company whose official designation is called the Chief Executive Officer. It also has 25 vice presidents working under the president. This company also has divisions reorganized across the organization into the new structure to improve effectiveness and lessen the complexity. Its structure enables it to deliver its objectives swiftly. 

Justifying why Caterpillar Inc.’s management team should study and understand their internal and external environments

This firm leadership needs to understand the internal environments for them to have a great deal of administration over the business within; this will guide decisions that are made in the firm. The administration team ought to come together to have the understanding to encourage continuous execution. From this understanding, they will manage to identify areas of opportunities, improvements and strategize for a better organization. It is important to study and understand the internal and external environments in order to guarantee sound executives, and in this way, better implementation and accomplishment. Once this is attained, the leadership team can make an assessment and give expectations.        

Their competitive position and how they have responded to changes in the external and internal settings

Among the competitive position of Caterpillar Inc. are high potential in digitization and automation, renewable energy markets, and rising urbanization. They can respond to shifts in external and internal environments by increasing competitive advantage through innovation and increasing revenues through growth and expansion (Melo, 2017). Caterpillar Inc. can develop and expand in emerging markets and exploit the construction boom in these markets. 

Strategies in operational shifts to support their strategic plan, future business decisions, and improvement in business performance

Caterpillar Inc. should work on its SWOT analysis to identify their strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. They should take advantage of the available opportunities and try to fix the threats at hand. Another thing is that they should monitor their competitors and see how they market and do business dealings. Marking the use of social media platforms is another strategy that can be beneficial in targeting a large audience. Utilizing the competitive advantage is also the best thing to do.   

Reference 

Melo, J. (2017). Equity report on caterpillar Inc (Doctoral dissertation).

Williams, K. B. (2018). The Caterpillar Way: Lessons in Leadership, Growth and Shareholder Value and Demographics and the Demand for Higher Education. College and University, 93(3), 55-58.  

Karl Marx on Alienated Labor and on Money Chapter 12 Course Reader

What does Marx mean by his use of the term “alienation of labor,” or “alienated labor?”

In what ways does he say the human world is devalued when labor is alienated?

What are some of the different forms of the alienation of labor?

What is Marx’s critique of money? What great authors does he cite, and what points do they make?

David Korten, Money vs. Wealth (Chapter 13A in the Reader)

In his section on “Money pathology” Korten distinguishes between the economy of production and the economy of finance. What is each and how does it operate? Give examples of each. Where are the largest profits found?

Name the five different forms of capital discussed by Korten(third and fourth pages of the article). Discuss the concept of social capital. – what is it and why is it important?

Who is Charles Hurwitz, and what happened to the Pacific Lumber Corporation when he took it over?

How many of the 100 largest economies of the world were corporations at the time of Korten’s writing? (1997)

What are Korten’s suggestions for healing the money system?

How many billionaires were there at the time of Korten’s writing in 1997?

Chapter 13 B. David Korten, When Corporations Rule the World, Rise of Corporate Power

What were the Navigation Acts, and how did they affect the American colonists in the New World? (p. 55)

2. What was Adam Smith’s famous book, and what was his attitude toward corporations? (p. 56)

3. Does the U.S. Constitution mention corporations? Why or why not? pp. (56-57)

4. Who had the power to issue corporate charters in the early years after Independence from

5. What kinds of limits were set on corporate charters? (pp. 56-57)

6. What is the significance of Dodge vs. Woolsey in 1855? (p. 57)

7. How did the Civil War mark a crucial turning point in the relationship between corporations and society? (from p. 80)

8. What do you make of the quote from President Lincoln? ( on p. 58, you will see a more extensive version of the same quote on the folder page for Unit Five)

9. What happened in 1886 that was “a stunning victory for the proponents of corporate sovereignty”? (p. 59) This is very important: the doctrine of corporate personhood that found its deepest and most harmful manifestion in the Citizens United Supreme Court decision of 2010, which equates money with free speech, and enables unlimited political contributions from both individuals and corporations because “they are free speech.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizens_United_v._FECChapter 15, Vandana Shiva, Biting the Hand that Feeds

20. Describe Vandana Shiva’s views on what is an “open” vs. a “closed” economy? On what basis did she disagree with Mike Moore, former director of the WTO? (p. 6)

21. Describe the water crisis that took place in Cochabamba, Bolivia when a subsidiary of Bechtel Corporation attempted to privatize the water supply in 2000. What was the outcome of this crisis? (p. 9)

22. What are Vandana Shiva’s positions on GMO’s?

23. What are her views about the exploitation of women in “masculinized agriculture.”

24. What forms of resistance does she discuss and participate in? What is the name of the movement she founded in India?

Chapter 16 A., James C. Kennedy on “The Dark Age of Money”

25. Who is Milton Friedman? (p. 1)

26. What, according to James Kennedy, is “the foundation of Friedman’s principle”? (p. 1)

27. How is this different from Adam Smith’s model of capitalism?  (pp. 1-2)

28. How did Friedman’s ideology “survive and eventually take over the State”? (p. 7)

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Critical Analysis IV: Loving v. Virginia

April 15, 2020

Most people in the United States still harbor implicit and explicit bias against interracial marriages. People who have close contact with interracial couples or those who have been in interracial relationships harbor this bias. There is evidence that only multiracial people do not have these types of bias regarding interracial marriages. Anna Blazer’s interview puts the situation on interracial couples into perspective. It appears what has changed are the laws legalizing interracial marriages but not the attitude of people towards it. In modern times where people are supposed to be more liberal, multiracial couples are facing discrimination to the extent that Brian, Anna’s husband gets beat up for being with her. Famous actor Tamera Mowry in a heartfelt interview with her sister Tia Mowry discussed how she has endured slurs and discrimination for being married to a white despite her being multiracial. Almost half a century after the Loving V. Virginia and Americans still view interracial marriages with contempt.

There was a huge possibility that the civil rights movement and the political tone around the time when the Loving v. Virginia case was brought to appeal influenced the court’s decision. The case was about issues beyond love. These laws were created by the failed attempt of Eugenics, which was a political attempt to use science and intellectual cover to promote stigmatization and uncultured racism. When these laws were made, there was a significant bias against foreigners and politics controlled reproduction as a way of preserving power for a certain group of White America. The Loving v. Virginia decision was an assentation that marriage was a civil right and the court asserted that laws against anti-miscegenation laws were just means created to maintain the delusion of White Supremacy. The court’s opinion was not a celebration of love but a statement against the Eugenic ideology that was fronted in the 19th Century and the beginning of the 20th Century.

Although Mildred did not acknowledge herself as an active member of the Civil Rights movement, the civil rights movement inspired her fight against their second arrest. When she contacted John F. Kennedy the then Attorney General, he referred her and her husband to the American Civil Liberties Union. This alone was an indication that Kennedy understood that this was a fight for civil liberties. Although Mildred did not acknowledge her contribution to the Civil Rights movement, the effect of her case struck down the Virginia Marriage Ban and the ruling reverberated across the nation invalidating anti-miscegenation in all other states that held them.

Judge Leon M. Bazile in his 1965 decision that found the marriage of Mildred and Richard Loving void and held the two in violation of Section 20-57 relied on the idea that God created different races and had the intention to keep them separate. Although this was per the tone of the nation at the time where segregation was a law that kept black people physically apart from white people, the same attitudes can still be found today. The idea that God did not intend for races to mix is the same argument that most people against same-sex relationships use today. They talk about same-sex marriages as a violation of nature’s intention where men and women are supposed to get intimate because of the sole idea of reproduction.

The Supreme Court cited Loving v. Virginia case directly in the two landmark decisions that legalized same-sex marriage. The 2013 United States v. Windsor just like the Loving v. Virginia case struck down a key part of the defense of marriage act. The Obergefell v. Hodges case in 2015 was a landmark case that granted same-sex couples across America the right to marry. These cases just like Loving v. Virginia redefined marriage in America.

Bibliography

History. “How Loving v. Virginia Led to Legalized Interracial Marriage | History.” YouTube. History.org. February 27, 2018. Accessed April 15, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-qlS_J4Mho.

NPR. “Loving Decision: 40 Years of Legal Interracial Unions.” NPR.org. Last modified June 11, 2007. https://www.npr.org/transcripts/10889047?storyId=10889047&storyId=10889047?storyId=10889047&storyId=10889047.

Oprah Winfrey Show. “Tamera Mowry On Critics of Her Interracial Marriage | Where Are They Now.” YouTube. Oprah Winfrey Show. January 10, 2014. Accessed April 16, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ngwvHYqYGS0.

Wiggins, L., and M. D. Bonis. “Landmark Same-Sex Marriage Case Sparked An Unlikely Friendship.” WOSU Radio | 89.7 NPR News and Classical 101. Last modified December 5, 2019. https://radio.wosu.org/post/landmark-same-sex-marriage-case-sparked-unlikely-friendship.

Cause & Effect essay

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Here Comes the Sun by Bill Wurtz

Most of the time, musical comebacks might bring a sense of anticipation, of having to substantiate ourselves for the second phase. The artist Bill Wurtz proves a point of striking the ground running by his song Here Comes the Sun, a single that has a feel of one ordinary deviation more dynamic than his music string, whereas still maintaining his homespun charm. With the new normal, it is difficult not to witness or feel the feelings voiced in Here Comes the Sun as well-timed. The logic is that Wurtz is, at last, standing up to the plate to seal a duty that is faultless for him, that is to be amongst the bedroom musicians filling the position of music.

I will analyze both the song lyrics and the graphics and share my opinions on the whole song. I will start by explaining the song; on listening for the first time, I thought the song was about to be the same type of song as all the others, nonetheless upon listening for the second time, I understood the theory musically behind this one has essentially evolved to some extent. The jumps incorporated by Bill are essentially quite extravagant; the jumps have enlarged in range and are fitting the song fairly well. The list of the three jumps include3:23, 3:43, and 3:59, all of which I discovered to be pleasant. The last jump, 3:59, sounds so exotic because it includes a two-chord jump, something never heard in his music before (King, 2000).

In terms of lyrics, this particular song is a probe inside humans’ emotions utilizing the sun to illustrate or symbolize love, light, and happiness. It does feature lines such as “when darkness covers the Earth, and I know it’s the end for sure, here comes the sun,” this is just to offer a taste of this song’s themes. This kind of content lyrically is by no way unexpected, as several of Wurtz’s different songs inquire inside his innermost psyche. This song brings about the energetic, rhythmic, melodic, optimistic, happy, uplifting, quirky, progressive, warm, and playful (King, 2000). For instance, the first verse of the songs starts by talking of a sad situation that someone might be in “all day and all day and all night, we lay about and wonder what we’re gonna do, we speak to ourselves, havin’ a conversation and wonderin’ who we’re talking to, then sadness takes over, and sadness wonders what we’re gonna do, and sadness comes closer, then sadness comes to sing a song for you.”  

Then the pre-chorus comes in with an uplifting feeling of optimism and glare of hope and a warm feeling of happiness as it talks of how wonderful the world is, and despite the dark cover of the earth, the sun will still emerge and light up the world. That the sun will fade away the dark and along with-it happiness and love will come (Burroway, 2003). The song’s bridge talks about how people should not give up till the day is successful and how people should call up their friends and neighbors to give them hope that a new day has begun. The song’s bridge also talks of how people should fall involved because no one is a stranger, and time waits for nobody (Burroway, 2003). The song’s chorus is what brightens up someone’s emotions, and the whole song talks about how the sun comes and shines on everyone showing some love to them till the day is finished.

Despite the lyrical aspect that captivated people the most and the bill’s upbeat rhythms that people are already used to, nobody, for a fact, was ready for the bill to go in with the 3D graphics. Bill Wurtz said that he had spent most of his time training on how to utilizing 3D software. That’s the reason he was not uploading new content for some time. When a listener first pictures Bill utilizing 3D graphics, one might think that there was no possible way it could be successful. Most people did not expect it though he still managed to do it. Bill did it in I manner that no one thought he could ever do it. In terms of the 3D aspect of the video, Bill starts by being so basic; the bill presents the 3D aspect with a bit of basic cube piling, which may have shocked some people. After that, the imagination begins to be a bit wild, and the thing that splits the onslaught from his regular 2D design is the lighting and shading, the kind of brightens someone’s emotions and brings a feeling of happiness and joy.

Reference

Burroway, J. (2003). Imaginative writing.

King, S. (2000). On writing: A memoir of the craft. Simon and Schuster.

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So far, the most persuasive notion of exploitation ever set forth is that of Karl Marx. He thought that employees in an industrialist society are exploited insofar as they are forced to trade their toil power to entrepreneurs for fewer than the full worth of the merchandise they produce with their effort. From Marxist viewpoint, the bourgeoisie is the social class that happens to possess the ways of production during contemporary industrialization and whose social issues are the preservation of capital and the value of property to make sure the continuation of their monetary supremacy in society. Marx believed that no economic class—landowners, wage workers, etc. should have authority and control over another (Lapavitsas, 2017). He supposed that each person has a responsibility to offer what they can, and every individual should obtain what they require.

Exploitation can lead to self-destruction when an individual is degraded. They are found in a path of damaging and unsustainable growth. They include dislocation from automation, extreme wealth and social inequality, losing of job, and the existential danger posed by the environmental calamity. I agree with Marx’s arguments since exploitation is not good in a way that it can cause short-termism, inequality, excess materialism, market failure, and bust economic cycles.

Mary Wollstonecraft is one of the outspoken female philosophers who consider that both women and men were made equal; hence they have to be given the opportunity to have the same rights. Her main objective was to see women get access to parts of society mostly forbidden to them in the 18th century. If she was but, in the position, to remark about “only menfolk having to register for certain services,” I think she would be tough and furious. Her work was mainly concerned about woman’s rights. She urged majorly for the rights and privileges of women to be educated. Mary Wollstonecraft believed that emancipation would come through learning. I think that she would say that the notion of just menfolk being permitted to register for the selective provision was completely absurd. She is actually certain that if women were taught in all the sectors that men are taught, then they won’t have any more desire towards the equivalent kinds of stuff that men have a desire towards. Mary Wollstonecraft deliberates that since women are not as well-versed about the information that men are well-versed about, it makes an obstacle between women and men. On the other hand, she also reasons that if the females were more erudite in the equivalent areas that men were, then men and women would have good and improved sex lives.

Reference

Botting, E. H., & Zlioba, A. (2018). Religion and women’s rights: Susan Moller Okin, Mary Wollstonecraft, and the multiple feminist liberal traditions. History of European Ideas, 44(8), 1169-1188.

https://doi.org/10.1080/01916599.2018.1509227Lapavitsas, C. (2017). The banking school and the monetary thought of Karl Marx (pp. 51-72). Brill.https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004272712_004

Parnell, C. (2019). The relevance of Karl Marx.http://hdl.handle.net/10344/8334

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Adolescence Through the Lens of the Hate Your Give

The Hate You Give (2018) follows a conflicted young black girl, Starr, which struggles t find her voice. Starr witnesses two of her friends get murdered by white police right before her eyes. Her father has always trained Starr and her two brothers about what to do whenever police officers stop them. Throughout, he has taught them to keep safe, know their rights, and find their voice to speak for the rights of people of color. After Starr witnesses her best friend getting shot at and his father getting harassed, she finds her voice, embraces her blackness and speaks up against racial profiling and police brutality. This film is ideal as it touches on bringing out the experiences adolescents grapple with within their day-to-day lives. This text discusses concepts and processes including adolescents’ relationships with family, romantic relationships, peers and friendships, drug abuse, the role of social media and smartphones and school as a context for development.

One of the main concepts that the film, The Hate You Give (2018) presents is the role of family in adolescents during this stage. It is evident that Star and her two brothers, Seven and Sekani, are deeply grounded in family. As the film starts, their father gives them the talk and tells them how to stay out of trouble. It is known that teenagers tend to be unruly, but this is not the case for Starr. She is painted in the film as an obedient adolescent with a perfect relationship with both of her parents. As regards peers and friendships, Star seems to maintain relationships with the people close to them. She shares a great relationship with Khalil, her childhood best friend, and shares a great relationship with her two white friends, Hailey and Maya. This is consistent with class readings as its evident adolescents tend to form groupings based on their interests and upbringing. Starr has a white boyfriend with whom they both attend Williamson Preparatory together. This is consistent with the class readings as they show that this is the point when adolescents start getting attracted to their opposite sex. Although Star and Chris are in a relationship, Starr is conflicted about getting intimate with Chris and wants to take things slow.

Another concept that comes out clearly in the movie has to do with drug abuse. When a police officer kills Khalil, Starr starts getting death threats so that she cannot speak up. She was the only witness to the murder, but she was afraid to speak out because Khalil worked for the estate kingpin. The kingpin did not want the police to know about his dirty deals with Khalil. This is consistent with the readings because it reflects how young people get caught up in street life of gun violence and selling drugs. Another concept that comes out is school as a context or development. Starr does not attend regular high school, but instead, their parents take them to a predominantly white school in a safer neighborhood. The parents know the schools role in pushing students in the right direction. They want the best for their children, so they take them there. This is consistent with the readings because adolescents must grow through necessary training that prepares them for their future lives. As regards social media, Starr being the main witness to Khalil’s murder, she does not want people to know who she is because of the death threats that she receives. In her first interview, her face is blurred, but she finds her voice after she witnesses her father getting harassed. She joins the demonstrations and stands up to admit that she was the witness. This knowledge is consistent with readings. Social media is a powerful tool which they employ to condemn police brutality.

In closing, the film “The Hate You Give” sufficiently presents the ideas and experiences that adolescents go through in their day-to-day life. They have to juggle family relationships, friendships with peers and romantic relationships. Further, the film uses Starr to showcase issues of drug abuse, the role of social media, and the role of school in the context of a career and work.

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Cause and effects of drug addiction

Drug addiction is a serious disease that has to be treated with the utmost seriousness. Most addicts do not intentionally start out using drugs with the aim to get addicted. It is quite difficult for a person who is not an addict to understand why someone would expose themselves to such risks that come with the abuse of drugs and other substances. There are many reasons that lead to the use and subsequent addiction, and each case of drug addiction should be viewed uniquely. There are, however, many general causes of drug use and the effects of addiction can be debilitating and life-changing.

The most common and apparent reason as to why a person begins to take drugs is to remedy or mask any pain that they may be feeling (Wise & George 254). This pain has an underlying cause which can be any number of things such as chronic medical conditions. Suffering from a medical condition that causes acute pain over a long period causes the patient to be addicted to the medication that relieves their pain. After some time, they find that they are dependent and can no longer function without the drugs in their system.

Mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety can also lead to the prescription of drugs to manage the condition (Corrigan et al 147). If not well maintained, the patient can end up becoming hooked to the drugs. Cases of trauma and abuse that need the prescription of drugs can lead to addiction. Other factors such as problems in relationships with others, the loss of a loved one can elevate the stress levels that an individual suffers from, and they can resort to drugs to alleviate the pain. Poverty and low self-esteem are common reasons why people begin taking drugs as a way to escape their reality.

While taking drugs during the early times, the addict may think that they are in control and can stop at any time. This, however, changes as the drug use progresses and they find that they can no longer control it. The reason for this is that the brain tends to reward pleasurable experiences and taking drugs becomes one of such experiences (Volkow et al 367). An addict is hooked on the drug because of the high it gives them. Some factors that predispose one to become an addict include genetics, the environment, and the age at which one begins to take drugs.

There are many devastating effects that are brought about by drug addiction. Drug abuse often interferes with almost all the major organs of the body. The first effect is that it damages the immune system of the addicts, increasing their risk of infections. Drug addicts often suffer from diseases at any given time. The liver is the organ that detoxifies the body, and the more drugs are taken, the more the liver has to work to get rid of the excess drugs. Over time, the liver is overworked, and this leads to liver failure. Brain damage is another serious effect of taking drugs and can interfere with the decision-making capacity of the addict as well as causing attention and memory problems. Cardiovascular conditions, nausea, and abdominal pains are also caused by drug addiction.

Drug addiction also affects the emotional and social wellbeing of the addict regarding the loss of employment, financial problems, engaging in risky sexual behavior and incarceration due to crimes. Drug addiction needs to be adequately dealt with regarding diagnosis and treatment to avoid or lessen the long-term effects that come with the disease.

Works Cited

Corrigan, Patrick W., Sachiko A. Kuwabara, and John O’Shaughnessy. “The public stigma of mental illness and drug addiction: Findings from a stratified random sample.” Journal of social Work 9.2 (2009): 139-147.

Nestler, Eric J. “Epigenetic mechanisms of drug addiction.” Neuropharmacology 76 (2014): 259-268.

Volkow, Nora D., George F. Koob, and A. Thomas McLellan. “Neurobiologic advances from the brain disease model of addiction.” New England Journal of Medicine 374.4 (2016): 363-371.

Wise, Roy A., and George F. Koob. “The development and maintenance of drug addiction.” Neuropsychopharmacology39.2 (2014): 254.

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Categorical Imperative in a Grey World

Kant formulated the belief that the world is composed of two types of laws: the basic natural laws and the laws of morality. Basic natural laws are the laws that nature imposes on us based on our perception and understanding of the universe through our senses. On the other hand, moral laws are a set of authoritative universal laws that humans set on themselves based on their reasoning. Lying and breaking promises fall under moral laws. Kant saw all humans as deserving of what is morally right and saw them as capable of reasoning. From this, he drew his theory of categorical imperative. According to this, a man should reason out two things before committing an action. Firstly, they should ask themselves how humanity would turn out if everyone acted as they were about to. Secondly, they should also not use the possible result to justify their chosen course of action. Kant saw humanity as possessing the free will to do as it desired but believed that morality was a categorical imperative: to be adhered to despite one’s inner desire at all times ADDIN CSL_CITATION {“citationItems”:[{“id”:”ITEM-1″,”itemData”:{“DOI”:”10.1093/0199288836.001.0001″,”ISBN”:”9780191603648″,”abstract”:”This book contains chapters on various features of Kant’s moral psychology and moral theory, with particular emphasis on a conception of rational agency autonomy. The opening chapters explore different elements of Kant’s views about motivation, including an account of respect for morality as the distinctive moral motive and a view of the principle of happiness as a representation of the shared structure of non-moral choice. These chapters stress the unity of Kant’s moral psychology by arguing that moral and non-moral considerations motivate in essentially the same way. Several of the chapters develop an original approach to Kant’s conception of autonomy that emphasizes the political metaphors found throughout Kant’s writings on ethics. They argue that autonomy is best interpreted not as a psychological capacity, but as a kind of sovereignty: in claiming that moral agents have autonomy, Kant regards them as a kind of sovereign legislator with the power to give moral law through their willing. The final chapters explore some of the implications of this conception of autonomy elsewhere in Kant’s moral thought, arguing that his Formula of Universal Law uses this conception of autonomy to generate substantive moral principles and exploring the connection between Kantian self-legislation and duties to oneself.”,”author”:[{“dropping-particle”:””,”family”:”Reath”,”given”:”Andrews”,”non-dropping-particle”:””,”parse-names”:false,”suffix”:””}],”container-title”:”Agency and Autonomy in Kant’s Moral Theory: Selected Essays”,”id”:”ITEM-1″,”issued”:{“date-parts”:[[“2006″,”2″,”23″]]},”number-of-pages”:”1-288″,”publisher”:”Oxford University Press”,”title”:”Agency and Autonomy in Kant’s Moral Theory: Selected Essays”,”type”:”book”,”volume”:”9780199288830″},”uris”:[“http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=507a560b-60ce-35e2-999b-f4ed5d243c07″]}],”mendeley”:{“formattedCitation”:”(Reath)”,”plainTextFormattedCitation”:”(Reath)”,”previouslyFormattedCitation”:”(Reath)”},”properties”:{“noteIndex”:0},”schema”:”https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json”}(Reath). 

Lying and breaking promises, according to the categorical imperative, is immoral. If everyone in the world lied to one another, the world would plunge into mayhem. People would not be able to have meaningful dealings with one another. Additionally, it would infringe on our rights to free choice since the information on which the choice is based is corrupted. The same goes for promise-breaking. If people were to break their promises, the intrinsic value and power a promise or an oath holds would be lost. According to Kant, even if lying or breaking a promise in a particular situation would result in a morally good outcome, it should still not be done. The ends do not justify the means.

In my opinion, Kant’s views on morality offer a simple enough yet perhaps too simplistic view on morality for the world’s liking. He offers a black and white system in a grey world where almost all actions could fall on either side of the morality scale given their context. Immoral acts do not occur within a vacuum. They are a byproduct of numerous decisions made by numerous people over time. Looking at immorality as Kant does therefore offers a two-dimensional view of a three-dimensional problem. This, however, raises the problem of how much context to give an act before deeming it either immoral or moral. I believe that people can lie or break their promises in cases where the end does indeed, justify the means. And not just any end, but a selfless end. If lying protects others from harm, then it is no longer an immoral but a moral act -despite satisfying only one of Kant’s criteria. For instance, lying to your recovering alcoholic friend that you no longer drink to give them moral support in their recovery journey is a moral act. It is a selfless lie committed to protect another.

Works Cited

ADDIN Mendeley Bibliography CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Reath, Andrews. “Agency and Autonomy in Kant’s Moral Theory: Selected Essays.” Agency and Autonomy in Kant’s Moral Theory: Selected Essays, vol. 9780199288830, Oxford University Press, 2006, doi:10.1093/0199288836.001.0001.