Category: Uncategorized

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Case study: Good presentation need to make people uncomfortable (Josh Bersin)

Research done by a Delloite study shows that the productivity of most people has dropped since the introduction of the smartphone. Smartphones are currently the most common tool of communication.

Presentations are an alternative means of communication that can be utilized to share and explain ideas and information among people.

Presentation can bring people together making them work towards similar goals especially in the world of business.

A good performance or presentation requires clarity of thinking, thorough research, proper word and image selection and a simple flow of ideas. Presentations can aid us to make compelling and persuasive argument with ease and more effectiveness.

Good presentations can assist us to communicate effectively with different groups of people thus making it an important tool of communication.

Presentations that address difficult issues or problems that commonly affect the listeners are more likely to get their attention and interest. This creates a discomfort that makes them want to fix those particular issues. This is attributed to a psychological concept of cognitive dissonance.

Give an explanation of the problem followed by a suggestion of its solution to create a harmony to the dissonance.

A good presentation is like creating a story that will convince the listeners to take a certain course of action.

Presentations can also be made with creative pictures and graphics to grab the attention of people.

Well-crafted presentations should have a compelling story and a strong argument of ideas and points that will make an individual or group to take action as a result.

Presentations that are professional always get people to focus their attention and efforts to doing constructive and productive activities.

Good presentations should change people’s perspectives encouraging them to solve different problems.

Acute Care Across the Lifespan | NUR2203 Assignment 1 | Marking Rubric

CRITERIA Introduction

Conclusion Highly relevant comprehensive introduction

Defines topic and includes a comprehensive introduction to the essay

Excellent synthesis of information from assignment that clearly ties highly relevant main points together.

Well-structured, concise reflection on importance of findings. Well-developed introduction

Defines the topic and includes an introduction to the essay

Quality synthesis of information from assignment that clearly ties relevant main points together.

Well-structured, concise reflection on importance of findings. Effective attempt of writing introduction that outlines essay

Above average synthesis of information from assignment clearly ties main points together.

Concise reflection demonstrates importance of findings. An attempt made to provide an introduction, however appeared unclear.

The topic is simply defined.

Demonstration of synthesis from assignment evident with some points from assignment discussed.

Importance of findings indicated. Inadequate and/or poor introduction.

Minimal/no evidence of an overview of the essay.

Inappropriate or absent conclusion.

Conclusion includes new material.

Referenced material in conclusion.

MARKS (15) 4.25-5 3-4 2.5 2 0-1

Critical Skills: Prioritising of major concepts of care Excellent reasoning in prioritising of concepts arising from the case study

Prioritised plan of care is highly synthesised and well-structured, with a very clear and coherent synthesis of the clinical data and supported with multiple literature sources

Excellently justifies judgments and reasons for decisions / courses of action (e.g. related to pt. cues, goals / expected outcomes / evidence)

Very logical / clear / succinct progression of concepts / ideas demonstrated / presents as a unified whole

Excellent analysis, well prioritised care detailed and succinctly communicated

Good reasoning in prioritising concepts arising from the case study with one omission

Prioritised plan of care is well synthesised and structured, with a clear and coherent synthesis of the clinical data and supported with multiple literature sources

Clearly justifies judgments and reasons for decisions / courses of action (e.g. related to pt. cues, goals / expected outcomes / evidence)

Good logical / clear / succinct progression of concepts / ideas demonstrated / presents as a unified whole

Good analysis, well prioritised care detailed and succinctly communicated

Reasoning in prioritising concepts arising from the case study has been partially addressed with some major omissions

Prioritised plan of care is synthesised and structured, with some demonstration of synthesis of the clinical data and supported with some literature sources

Justifies judgments and reasons for decisions / courses of action (e.g. related to pt. cues, goals / expected outcomes / evidence) satisfactorily

Some logical progression of concepts / ideas however further development / clarity needed.

Analysis of the case evident with some prioritised care demonstrated and at times well communicated

Reasoning in prioritising concepts arising from the case study has been attempted, but has omitted more relevant priorities

Prioritised plan of care is provided but with minimal synthesis of the clinical data and an unclear structure with minimal reference to literature sources

Judgments and reasons for decisions / courses of action (e.g. related to pt. cues, goals / expected outcomes / evidence) are inadequately justified

Limited logical progression of concepts / ideas however further development / clarity needed.

Minimal analysis of the case evident. Care is not well prioritised, or clearly communicated

Clinical reasoning and synthesis of concepts arising from the case study is minimal or absent

Prioritised plan of care is not synthesised or structured coherently. There is limited or no reference to literature sources

No judgment and reasons for decisions / courses of action (e.g. related to pt. cues, goals / expected outcomes / evidence) demonstrated

No / lack of logical progression of concepts underpinning case study.

No analysis evident e.g. lack of priority development in actions/ interventions / approach to dealing with deterioration

MARKS (15) 13.25-15 10.5-13 7.5-10 4-7 0-3.5

Content analysis:

Knowledge and understanding, nursing interventions /rationales Evaluation of the case demonstrates depth of understanding of pathophysiology and prioritisation of nursing interventions that could be actioned in practice

Excellent breadth and depth of actions / clear / succinct in approach, priorities well define

Highly articulate rationales succinctly related to the nursing interventions and nursing actions very well detailed

The relationship between comorbidities and recovery from a GA/ surgical procedure are critically discussed demonstrating excellent understanding with rationales fully explained.

Excellent sources used to support actions / interventions quality (evidenced based) & demonstrate depth and breadth of reading. Quality research sources – contextual to the case study

Discharge planning very clear / succinct, detailed Evaluation of the case demonstrates understanding of the pathophysiology and some prioritisation of nursing interventions that could be actioned in practice

Good breadth of nursing actions: including assessment / monitoring / interventions included, evidence of prioritisation of actions appropriate to the case study

Good rationale included / relates to the intervention / action chosen and well detailed

The relationship between comorbidities and recovery from a GA / surgical procedure are well explored and logically presented with rationales that are satisfactorily explained.

Very good sources used to demonstrate depth of understanding e.g. some use of evidenced based papers mostly contextual to the case scenario

Discharge planning clear and succinct Evaluation of the case is sometimes clear and there is some understanding of pathophysiology with some interventions that could be actioned in practice

Clear nursing actions: including assessment / monitoring / interventions included some prioritisation of actions mostly appropriate to the case study

Rationales for the nursing interventions and the implications for practice are outlined however further rationales could be provided

The relationship between comorbidities and recovery from a GA/surgical procedure are explored with some depth and sometimes well explained

Fair breadth of sources used demonstrate understanding e.g. some use of evidenced based research with some contextual to the case scenario

Discharge planning included however broad and requires more detail

Evaluation provides a narrative to the reader outlining minimal understanding of pathophysiology and or formulation of relevant nursing interventions that could be actioned in practice.

Some nursing actions including: assessment / ongoing monitoring / interventions included however priorities are not well defined

Rationales included however explanation not clear or not focused / specific enough to the action/ intervention

The relationship between comorbidities and recovery from a GA/surgical procedure are minimally explored and some confusion evident.

Minimal breadth of sources utilised / lacks depth e.g. mainly text / with minimal use of evidenced based journal articles

Satisfactory discharge planning, could be more specific at times

Evaluation of the case is not clear and concise to the reader with no or limited suggested nursing interventions that could be actioned in practice

Nursing actions including: assessment /monitoring / interventions minimal / not evident / inadequately prioritised

Rationales are limited, vague or absent

The relationship between comorbidities and recovery from a GA / surgical procedure is not dealt with and / or are confused and not clear.

No / inadequate / limited literature sources used to support work presented e.g. over 7 years old and lack of evidenced based research e.g. uses mainly texts

No / minimal discharge planning included, vague / too broad

MARKS (5) 13.25-15 10.5-13 7.5-10 4-7 0-3.5

Academic Writing: structure, APA referencing expression /grammar Word limit: Adhered to word limit

Expression

High standard of academic presentation. Expressed ideas clearly, concisely & fluently

Very few/no spelling or grammatical errors

Structure

Well-constructed paragraphs

Main points linked to the question

Presentation is extremely appealing and engaging

Referencing

Correctly cited sources both within text & reference list. No/limited mistakes in referencing format Word limit: Adhered to word limit +/- 10% Expression

Sound academic structure and presentation

Expressed ideas clearly and concisely, thoughts expressed clearly

Very few spelling or grammatical errors

Structure

Well-constructed paragraphs, clearly expressed & linked main points

Presentation is appealing and engaging

Referencing

References to literature are good Word limit: Adhered to word limit +/- 10% Expression

Expressed ideas clearly, however not concisely & fluently, thoughts not clearly articulated

Some spelling and grammatical errors

Structure

Provided paragraphs with main points however not clearly expressed

Presentation is pleasing and mostly engaging

Referencing

References to literature are satisfactory Word limit: Adhered to word limit (+/-10%

Expression

Limited clarity of expression, vague or narrative only

Errors in spelling & grammar

Structure

Provided paragraphs but either main points were inappropriate or they were not linked key content areas.

Presentation is somewhat pleasing and engaging

Referencing

Reference to literature is present but not strong Word limit: Not adhered to

Expression

Used incorrect terminology

Numerous mistakes in spelling and/or grammar

Structure

No or limited structure

Presentation does not answer the question and is not engaging

Referencing

Literature not appropriate or insufficient

Incorrect referencing

4.25-5 3-4 2.5 2 0-1

Marker Comments:

FINAL MARK:

/40

Adapted Sports and Promoting Diversity in Sports

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Adapted Sports and the Issue of Promoting Diversity in Sports

Introduction

Adaptive sports which are also referred to as disability or Para sports are the sports which are played by individuals with disability comprising of physical as well as intellectual disabilities. This kind of sports is occasionally termed as adapted sports since several of these disabled sports are centered on prevalent able-bodied sports which are altered to meet the necessities of the individuals living with a disability. The adaptive sports are considered to be significant since they help the disadvantaged persons to do regular exercises which is vital for their bodies as it helps in strengthening their hearts, building strong muscles and increase coordination. In the United States, it is estimated that 56.7 million individuals, which is about nineteen to twenty percent of the total population are living with a disability (Winnick & Porretta, 2016). There exists several adaptive sports as well as recreation programs for individuals with disabilities which can be enjoyed for wellness, health, leisure, social and competition advantages. The organized games for the athletes living with a disability is usually categorized into three great disability groups. Consequently, each of these groups has an excellent history, structure, as well as an approach to the sport.

The number of individuals around the world with a disability who are principally involved in sports plus physical recreation is progressively up surging with organized sports for the athletes being classified into three major disability groups. The groups include the following; games for the deaf, games for individuals with a physical disability and lastly the games for the persons with intellectual disability. It is from the late 1980s that organizations started to include athletes who had some disabilities in sporting occasions, for example, the Commonwealth Games and the Olympic Games (Thomas & Smith, 2008). Also, many of these adaptive sports are performed separately from the regular sports movements for instance; swimming, wheelchair dancing, wheelchair basketball, weightlifting among several other sporting activities which the mentally or physically disabled individuals can join. This paper discusses the adapted sport in an in-depth extent presenting its forms and its nature in general. Moreover, the issue of diversity and inclusion in games is also addressed and analyzed.

The Major Disability Sporting Events

Disabled Veterans

This is an organization which was founded by the United States Congress for the incapacitated military veterans of the United States Armed Forces. Its program are devoted to inspiring, reassuring as well as sustaining involvement and competition for its members through partnerships with VA hospitals plus the local adaptive sports programs throughout the country.in every year, this Departments typically hosts six national sporting occasions for the qualified disabled veterans (Tuakli-Wosornu & Derman, 2018). This organization is significant since it helps a lot the members in their physical health and their daily activities. Studies have shown that the adaptive sports exhibits several benefits comprising of less stress, fewer subordinate medical disorders, and more independence.

Disability Commonwealth Games

In 2002 in Manchester, several Para sports were encompassed in a wholly inclusive Sports Program as it is regarded as the first time to happen in the Games history. In the event a total number of twenty countries were represented by both female and male select athletes with a disability where they were supposed to contest in ten events through five Para-Sports; which comprised of Lawn Bowls, Table Tennis, weightlifting, athletics besides swimming.

Paralympic Games

This is a multi-sport occasion for the contestants with mental, physical and sensorial infirmities. These infirmities include amputees, mobility disabilities, visual infirmities and those individuals with brainy palsy. These games are conducted after every four years and they occur after the International Olympic Games.

Promoting Diversity in Sports

Sport’s participation is among the excellent ways of looking after one’s health. Through this practice, the jeopardy of cardiovascular problems as well as mental health problems is reduced and thus ones general life expectancy is enlarged and besides it involves a lot of fun. Being eliminated from participating in a various game for example due to one’s race, belief, gender, culture, sexual orientation, age, and even infirmity can be utterly disheartening and can lead to lowering of an individual’s self-esteem (Lastuka & Cottingham 2016, p.746) Prejudice and disparities in games can, therefore, reduce opportunities and result in limiting diversity in sport and the society as a whole.

Diversity in sport is significant since it helps in recognizing and respecting one another in society. Moreover, it brings togetherness and understanding of each other customs and beliefs. When the individuals are focused on winning, there will be no room for prejudice because all the individuals involved will have to anticipate the conduct of teammates virtuously on the heart of their capabilities. The issue of promoting diversity in sports starts right from the school where the schools should have some methods of making an effort of ensuring that every student is getting a fair and equal chance in the school’s game activities. Consequently, the sports club and gyms in schools should make an endless effort of identifying plus confronting prospective barriers to happen in the school (Perret 2017, p.168) This includes tackling and discouraging some biased comments, changing the dress and sports code so that the hijab-wearing women will be able to participate in sports, incorporating some unique games instruments and fields for the disabled. Moreover it substantial to train coaches to be able to work with the disabled for instance like communicating with the deaf.

Inclusion in Sports for the Disability

In the past number of decades, UNESCO has targeted to achieve extensively the execution of the regulatory standard of integration at all the stages in the education sector globally. This idea that the nations must guarantee a comprehensive education system at all the available stages is as well the main goalmouth of the United Nation Convention on the Rights of Persons living with Infirmities. Therefore this calls for inclusivity of the disabled individuals in many activities not only in schools but also in sports. The distinct aptitude of sports to surpass linguistic, social as well as cultural obstacles thus makes it an exemplary platform for policies besides adaptation. Additionally, the universal approval and popularity of the sport and its social, physical plus economic improvement advantages brands it as a perfect tool for fostering the inclusion and welfare of individuals with disabilities.

Individuals with a disability are usually faced with societal barriers, and hence their disability typically evokes undesirable discernments in numerous societies. Due to the stigma which is characterized with a disability, these individuals are generally excluded from several sensitive sectors in the society for example in employment, leadership, education and community life which usually denies them of opportunities which are indispensable for their social growth, health plus their welfares (DePauw & Gavron, 2005). Consequently, these individuals are regarded as dependent and hence are seen as incompetent in some societies. This leads to fostering their indolence which regularly causes these individuals with physical disabilities to undergo through some restricted mobility which is yonder the origin of their disability.

However, sports can help in lessening this discrimination plus stigma which is allied with a disability since it can change community outlooks regarding the individuals with a disability. This can be attained by stressing their skills besides decreasing the propensity to see the infirmity rather than the individual. Therefore through sports, for example, a person without a disability can interrelate with an individual with a disability in a constructive context making them reshape the assumptions concerning what a person with a disability can plus cannot do. Sports transforms an individual with a disability in an equally profound manner by empowering them towards realizing their full latent as well as encouraging for modifications in the society. Sports teaches how to communicate effectively and also the importance of teamwork, respect as well as cooperation for others.

Also, sports are well-suited to help in decreasing dependence plus developing greater independence by assisting individuals with disabilities to become mentally and physically stronger. Sports acts as a transformative tool, and it is important especially for women with disabilities as they usually feel and experience discrimination by their disability as well as their gender. Studies suggest that 93% of women with disabilities are not taking part or being involved in sport especially the adapted sport and that only one-third of women athletes with disabilities in international competitions (Zabriskie et al., 2005) Therefore by providing the women with disabilities a platform and chance to compete and showcase their physical ability, sport can help decrease the gender stereotypes as well as the negative insights linked with women with infirmities.

In conclusion, as described in the above discussion adapted sports are generally for disabled individuals, and they are of great significance since they make them improve their health through exercise. Moreover, they help the individuals discover their capabilities and help them to interrelate well with other people. The issue of diversity is also discussed whereby diversity should be encouraged in sports at general as promoting diversity leads to the inclusion of all groups of individuals in sports without discrimination or bias.

References

DePauw, K. P., & Gavron, S. J. (2005). Disability sport. Human Kinetics.

Lastuka, A., & Cottingham, M. (2016). The effect of adaptive sports on employment among people with disabilities. Disability and rehabilitation, 38(8), 742-748.

Misener, L., & Darcy, S. (2014). Managing disability sport: From athletes with disabilities to inclusive organisational perspectives.

Perret, C. (2017). Elite-adapted wheelchair sports performance: a systematic review. Disability and rehabilitation, 39(2), 164-172.

Thomas, N., & Smith, A. (2008). Disability, sport and society: An introduction. Routledge.

Tuakli-Wosornu, Y. A., & Derman, W. (2018). Para and Adapted Sports Medicine, An Issue of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America (Vol. 29, No. 2). Elsevier Health Sciences.

Winnick, J., & Porretta, D. (Eds.). (2016). Adapted Physical Education and Sport, 6E. Human Kinetics.

Zabriskie, R. B., Lundberg, N. R., & Groff, D. G. (2005). Quality of life and identity: The benefits of a community-based therapeutic recreation and adaptive sports program. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 39(3), 176.

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Farmageddon

Farmageddon is an intriguing movie that portrays the U.S. government as an agent that constantly attacks innocent consumers and farmers with the ill motive of safeguarding selfish corporate interests. The also portrays the irony that purchasing unhealthy commodities, such as cigarettes, is much easier than obtaining essential food stuffs, such as raw milk. Consumer interests and small agribusinesses face a great threat from government agencies that seeks to wipe out active cultivation and consumption of processed commodities from small holder farmers.

In consumer sovereignty, the choice and preference of commodities lie with the customer. This means that the consumer is the ultimate body in charge of the market and hence economy. To a larger extent, the consumer can change the current market conditions since he decides what products to buy and at what cost depending on demand. Farmers, entrepreneurs, and capitalists play a vital role in market dynamics though they activities are regulated by consumers who decide make a purchasing decision. But in a move to protect themselves from consumer exploitation, enterprises collaborate with each other to have a common bargaining power, determine prices, or what to sell. This leaves consumers with little choice other than comply since they need the products. Therefore, consumers can hardly change the market. In a monopolistic economy that involves the provision of basic services, such as public schools, water, infrastructure, and others, consumers hardly have control on the market and dependency theory posits that developing economies are highly dependent on developed states for their economic progress. According to the theory, goods flow from poor underdeveloped nations to the wealthy nations, making the latter wealthier and the former poorer. For this reason, the poor nations do not have sovereignty over the goods they produce since they fear economic sanctioning by their richer trading partners, hence no consumer sovereignty in poor countries. Richer states perpetuate dependence by various strategies, such as politics, education, sporting, infrastructure development and others, to exercise absolute sovereignty over poor countries.

Distributive justice is concerned with fairness in associated with distribution of resources and outcome decisions. The small farmers in the film hold the need distributive theory. This is because they require assistance from the government made stakeholders in provision of inputs, resources, and market for their goods. These farmers should receive more attention than established agribusinesses to help improve their economic viability and alleviate their status. In contrast, the government uses the power distributive theory in which it recognizes highly established agribusinesses, giving them more attention than the smaller farmers.

Corporates have the responsibility of ensuring that the products they produce serve the specific needs of their clients. In addition, they should ensure that these production uses safe materials, conserve the environment. Other corporate responsibilities include job creation and involvement in socio-economic developmental activities. Corporates should involve in provision of resources, personnel, or funding for social causes that are worthwhile to spur societal progress and development. Besides, corporates should not exploit consumers by inconsistently altering prices to their advantage or production of substandard products. Consumer’s responsibilities include being aware of product quality before buying, and speaking out in case a product is not conforming to the required standard, or overpriced unnecessarily. Additionally, consumers should be ethical in their practices to ensure fair buying and selling practice, thus avoid exploitation of other consumers. They should also be responsible for their environment by properly disposing waste and protection of natural environments. Other responsibilities include speaking out in case of exploitation and gathering all information regarding a product.

Movie Review

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Movie Review

God Father 1 is one of the best movies that I have ever watched. To begin with, the movie has a simple story line that makes it easy to follow the story. After watching the movie, I gained a lot of understanding about the mafia and how they operate. Through the movie, I was able to learn how the retirement of the mafia leader can ground the whole movement into a halt. This was evident after Vito Corleone retired as the leader of the mafia group and the whole team nearly became extinct. However, through the intervention of Michael, the mafia family is once saved and they are able to exert revenge on those who had killed their brother. Through the movie, I was able to learn how loyalty is crucial among the mafia groups. I understood the importance of respect not only in families but in any endeavor to attain anything meaningful.

Another thing that I got from this movie was the beautiful scenery of Sicily where the movie is based. Apart from learning about the customs of both Sicily and Cabala, the thing that captivated me was the American story. I was specifically intrigued by how people can rise and become successful in the so called land of opportunity. The spectacular examination of the opposition behind the success of America was something that was a bit of an eye opener to me. Through the movie, I was able to comprehend how people make their money in the capitalist world and how through careless mistakes they squander the money in worthless ventures. This is both an entertaining and an educative movie (Block, & Wilson, 2010).

Reference

Block, A., & Wilson, L. (2010). George Lucas’s Blockbusting: A Decade-By-Decade Survey of Timeless Movies Including Untold Secrets of Their Financial and Cultural Success. Harper Collins.

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Moral Isolationism

In morality and its critics, Mary Migday presents us with the abstract concept of us trying to understand different cultures and how it is difficult for a person to understand a particular culture fully. She presents the Japanese Samurai as an example through which culture can be misunderstood by people. She states that it is only in some situations whereby we can fully understand what a specific culture means along its practices. She also says that the only best understanding is understanding other people’s cultures through our own. The situation of being unable to understand other cultures fully and being faced with conditions that present to us the different cultures, as she states that our parents would have been shocked with, and the difficulty of understanding them is what she refers to ‘moral isolationism’.

She states that some people criticize other cultures for how they behave in a funny or unappealing manner, yet they have not fully understood that culture and this she frames as wrong practice. She also questions different features and concepts in dealing with cultures. For example, on page 611, she puts across the question of whether the understanding barrier towards cultures blocks a person’s ability to praise or blame a particular culture for its doings. She presents both sides of the coin by stating that we could only praise what we can thoroughly criticize. Therefore this calls for an understanding of a culture and not just trying to blame them for what does not appeal to us but also understanding why what they do is done in a specific manner. She also goes ahead to question what judgment involves, and therefore in this she states it is the formation of opinions.

However, it is wrong to form only crude notions of thoughts about other cultures. The last question Mary poses is if we cannot judge different cultures due to our ability to understand them fully, is it possible to consider our own that we are aware of? Here she discusses how moral isolationism would ban moral reasoning. However, these conditions and situations are present within the societies for our good because it is through the judgment that we get a direction to follow or avoid a culture. Finally, she admits that there is only one world, and with all the differences between different cultures and different people, we have to live within this world.

From the above discussion, it is clear that cultures and different people interact differently and at different rates. Every person has an opinion which they always want to prove, be it positive or negative. Therefore cultures have to interact appropriately because the inability to interact peacefully and adequately, as Mary suggests, leads to misunderstandings and other clashes of the culture and individual persons. This can come as a way of a person misunderstanding a specific culture like it is with the Samurai being misunderstood in its dealings and activities. Therefore, moral isolationism is a good factor towards social betterment. It discourages judgment and victimization of other cultures.

According to Mary’s analysis of moral isolationism, we come to realize that the unfair practice is not judgment as moral isolationism might try to make us see from a distant understanding. However, the basic tenet about our cultures and the world is the ability to understand each other, make sound judgments and provide relevant criticism of the different cultures. At the same time, be able to praise them and not just judge them for what they are not doing right. Therefore this is an essential aspect of any person’s knowledge of the world and the cultures. The concentration of samurai also has significance on Marys’s work as this culture is mainly misunderstood. People end up making judgments than being able to criticize effectively and analyze the culture for its strengths and weaknesses. She also talks of how anthropologists have only concentrated on small communities for their studies, thus providing and coming up with perfect studies. On the other hand, there has been a development of larger communities that bring in complexity about how society and culture operates.

Work Cited

Midgley, Mary. Trying out one’s new sword. Courses Publishing, 2000.

Moral Philosophy at the Theater (MPAT) employs cinema to apply the ideas and arguments learned from the required readings and class presentations. Students may research the plot to become familiar with the film. It is permissible to view any additional clips on YouTube. The goal of the essay is to apply ethical ideas from the course to create an informal argument, using the persuasive essay format as a tool to analyze the morality of the movie.  

Essay #1 focuses on a conception of morality depicted through the scenes in the movie, Noah.  Write a persuasive essay addressing this prompt: 

Discuss the Euthyphro dilemma in the context of the movie.  Take care to attend to the validity of the argument and reliability the reliability of premises as presented in the textbook.  Pay critical attention to the theme of the autonomy of ethics in class presentation.

The criteria for a successful essay requires the student to identify the conception of morality depicted in the movie clips and thoughtfully explain its connection to two or three ideas from the required readings and class presentations. (Do not merely summarize the scene.)  

This persuasive essay requires a well-formed thesis statement (about 25 words). The thesis statement should be the last sentence of the first paragraph. This sentence should have an independent clause asserting the conception of morality in the movie clips with an independent clause (marked by “because”) to provide two or three reasons justifying this interpretation.  The essay should also include succinct body paragraphs with topic sentences built from the words in the thesis. Within each body paragraph, include two supportive pieces of evidence containing verbiage from the movie and course materials.  (Review the illustrated, persuasive essay template.) 

The length of this persuasive essay should be between 500  and 700 words (maximum).  This length is about 3 to 5 well-formed paragraphs. The font type should be Arial 12 point.  Only Word format will be accepted as an attachment.  Creating/editing a document and pasting it into the “text entry box” of the assignment space is the preferable way to submit this essay. The guidance provided for the persuasive essay includes a paragraph template, a video tutorial, tips for formulating a thesis statement, and a rubric.

Moral Leadership

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Moral Leadership

Leadership is all about responsibilities, while morality entails instilling values for individuals to live and abide by. Moral leadership inspires and motivates people to act and hold themselves accountable. When you see people fail to step up and provide purpose or even do something that can give goodness to a more significant number of people, step up. Moral leadership is subject to respect for ethical beliefs and values to preserve human dignity and their respective rights (Ciulla, 2014). When discussing moral leadership, one must remember concepts such as honesty, integrity, trust, fairness, charisma, and consideration. Ethical governance is primal to building trust, inspiring colleagues, creating meaning, or helping individuals imagine a better future. It enables people always to do the next right things. This paper aims to enhance our awareness of moral leadership, what it entails, and various ethical leadership concepts.

World leaders are often celebrated based on their achievements and bravery. However, when it comes to moral leadership, the ideas seem far-fetched. As such, it comes down to whether morality counts when it comes to matters about administration? Numerous studies have concluded that moral leaders are better equipped to execute their obligations than their amoral counterparts (Lemoine, Hartnell, & Leroy, 2019). People seldomly celebrate ethical leaders in the current world. Perhaps, most people are accustomed to celebrating the wrong category of individuals. Great leaders, may it be in organizations or countries, will always work hard to ensure that morality permeates all aspects of their governance. A strategic initiative is imperative or rather subject to the ethical and effective management of projects. It is always hard to make a proper decision as every moral dilemma is subject to a solution. The success of institutions is entirely dependent on a decision-making process that involves moral dimension, ethics, and good governance. Three forms of moral leaders often overlap, namely, ethical, servant, and honest.

Ethical leaders tend always to refer and adhere to norms and regulations. They reciprocate the prevailing institution norms, standards, and culture to enact adherence to those standards among the individuals under their leadership. An ethical leader represents a moral role model and suppresses activities aiming to promote corruption in an institution, such as bribery and compromising classified information (Hannah, Avolio & Walumbwa, 2011). This form of leadership demands spearheading individuals into attending their respective obligations to avoid scandals, lawsuits, bad public image, and embarrassing the institution. It is expected that this form of leadership to a formidable bond that leads to mitigating harassment as people are always acting in the right way. The wrong side is that ethical leaders may enact self-gains regulations that other people might regard as offensive and immoral. For example, the United States may take an opportunity to financially aid third-world countries’ economies that work for better living standards. However, it would frown upon the Americans. Such actions are justifiable by ethical leaders based on their moral appropriateness by that country’s means but would hold less meaning when it comes down to the United States citizens.

Servants leaders tend to be so much inclined to outcomes. Servant leaders concentrate on how others get helped or harmed by their acts and often tend to spearhead institutions to perform better in the best interests of the public wellness (Lemoine, Hartnell, & Leroy, 2019). Servant leaders serve to take care of people. When it comes to business organizations, servant leaders put their employees into consideration first while at the same time looking out for other stakeholders, such as clients, shareholders, surrounding communities, vendors, among others. When it comes to the nation’s servant leaders, they will always put the interest of their people first and, at the same time, consider others. Servant leadership often faces the dilemma of balancing all the stakeholders involved in their governance. When it comes to economists, the vast majority of them would argue that any wealth spent on corporate social responsibility, ensuring the world’s wellness, is inversely suppressing the shareholders’ and employees’ returns.

Authentic leadership is often intertwined with fairness, honesty, and wisdom. Authentic leaders are highly aware of their strengths and weaknesses and always work hard to improve the people they lead by helping them understand themselves (Lemoine, Hartnell, & Leroy, 2019). Their decision-making process is subject to their moral compass, instead of other people’s opinions of morality. Authentic leaders listen to other people’s views, but ultimately, they would not primarily adhere to rules, or people’s expectations, or even what the majority would applause (Caza & Jackson, 2011). An authentic leader is a leader who can display moral courage to execute what they feel is right. They set an example for others to follow and encourage them to always be the best version of themselves. In most practical terms, think of organization leaders who, as soon as they assume power, overhaul everything and do what they feel is right. Such leaders can do unexpected things on some occasions, at times, go contrary to the rules, and sometimes it may have appeared as if they were doing something against the stakeholders involved in the short term. However, that felt right to them.

Authentic leadership is often associated with uncertainty, following internal drives that are only predetermined and only known (Lemoine, Hartnell, & Leroy, 2019). Individuals who follow a contrary moral compass to authentic leaders can write off such leadership as a loose cannon.

It is practical for leaders to have more than one element of ethical leadership. It may not be mutually exclusive to employ the above three moral leadership forms. Correspondingly, leaders may consider utilizing different moral leadership forms as significant based on present situations, as per the need dictation. The vast majority of the people make the mistake of categorizing themselves as virtuous and often try to generalize that other individuals hold a similar opinion than they do. It is a prerequisite for leaders of institutions to acknowledge that what they perceive as morally righteous may have a different interpretation of other people under their leadership. For instance, a chief executive officer of a given organization may practice an ethical leadership style; however, employees may be morally inclined toward a servant or authentic leadership. As such, one has to match the people’s morality under his/her supervision to achieve your goals effectively. People may support your idea of being an ethical leader, but you are the only one to give or rather determine what that entails.

Reference

Caza, A., & Jackson, B. (2011). Authentic leadership. The SAGE handbook of leadership, 352-364.

Ciulla, J. B. (Ed.). (2014). Ethics, the heart of leadership. ABC-CLIO.

Hannah, S. T., Avolio, B. J., & Walumbwa, F. O. (2011). Relationships between authentic leadership, moral courage, and ethical and pro-social behaviors. Business Ethics Quarterly, 21(4), 555-578.

Lemoine, G. J., Hartnell, C. A., & Leroy, H. (2019). Taking stock of moral approaches to leadership: An integrative review of ethical, authentic, and servant leadership. Academy of Management Annals, 13(1), 148-187.

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Moral Psychology

When it comes to the ethics of a situation, it’s a frequent misconception that people understand the choices they’re making. Toby Groves made choices based on his desire to save his company. Toby was focused on the business side of things, according to Tenbrunsel, with the goals of being competent and successful. His ethics and values vanished from view as he was exclusively focused on mending his business.

These reasons do not prove that Toby did nothing wrong, but they do provide insight into how people like him might improve. We can learn from folks like Toby and use what we’ve learned to help prevent unethical behavior. These are solid and acceptable explanations for Toby’s behavior and how he came to act unethically, in my opinion. He pledged to his father that he would never act unethically, but he ended up making unethical actions due to his lack of awareness of ethics in his situation. This can be utilized as a learning tool to assist you avoids making unethical mistakes in the future.

Toby was born and raised on a farm in Ohio. He placed a high value on the thought that he was a person of good moral character when he was a child. Then, when Toby was around 20 years old, he went home for a visit with his family on a Sunday in 1986, and he had an event that made the urge to be good even more pressing. After making that commitment to his father, Toby found himself in front of the same judge who had convicted his brother, facing the same charge of fraud. Not just any fraud, but a multimillion-dollar bank scam that resulted in the closure of several businesses and the loss of over a hundred employees. Toby was sentenced to prison in 2008, where he claims he spent two years staring at the ceiling, attempting to figure out what had happened.

Toby adds, “Those were things that tormented me every second of every day.” “I couldn’t understand it.” Toby has recently gotten a lot of attention from scientists, especially those who are interested in how human brains absorb information when making judgments. And the researchers concluded that the majority of us are capable of acting in deeply unethical ways. Not only are we capable of it without recognizing it, but we also do it regularly.

Consider a current argument regarding justice and demonstrate how at least two distinct approaches result in different outcomes. Do you believe that any of the techniques is superior to or inferior to the others? Why? (Of course, you don’t have to put up a fight — I just want to hear what you think). “We are all capable of behaving fundamentally unethically without realizing it,” says Toby Groves. Our minds simply can’t digest the options we’re presented with. Business perspective: succeed no matter what Ethical perspective. People can be completely oblivious that they are acting in an immoral manner. It’s not that they’re bad people; it’s that they’re blinded. And, if we wish to combat fraud, we must recognize that much of it is inadvertent.

Maximizing welfare:

Utilitarian/Consequentialist

Aim for the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people possible.

Promoting wealth, raising living standards, and boosting economic growth

Result/goal/incentive focused

Respecting Freedom:

Libertarians/Deontological.

Individual rights must be respected.

Who makes the decision, not what makes the decision.

Oriented toward procedures and rules.

Promoting Virtue:

Virtue Ethics

Religious rights and cultural conservatives

The pleasures of life

Cultivating the attitudes and dispositions, or character attributes, that a decent society requires

Maximizing welfare, honoring freedom, and developing virtue are the three ways mentioned by Sandel. Insulin costs a lot of money and has been increasing in recent years. People with diabetes have no choice but to spend a lot of money on insulin as a result of this. People are also forced to ration their insulin as a result of this. The maximization of welfare is used to justify the high cost of insulin. The insulin business controls the price of insulin, which makes them extremely wealthy. Individual freedom is at the heart of the argument against the high cost of insulin. People with diabetes are unable to choose whether or not to purchase insulin. Their lives rely on it, forcing them to pay the astronomical price for the drug. I believe that maximizing welfare is the worst option since it ignores individual rights in favor of the entire market, wealth, and numbers. Sandel disputes the idea that government and policy should be morally apolitical when it comes to difficult moral issues. He contends that engaging, rather than avoiding, our fellow citizens’ moral convictions may be the most effective approach of achieving a just society.

References

Katz (2018). “Secular Morality”. In Brandt, Allan; Rozin, Paul (eds.). Morality and Health. New York: Routledge. pp. 295–330.

Narvaez, D (2017). “Moral complexity: The fatal attraction of truthiness and the importance of mature moral functioning” (PDF). Perspectives on Psychological Science. 5 (2): 163–181. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.187.2813. Doi: 10.1.

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“Death of a Salesman”

Introduction

“Death of a Salesman” is a play that was written by Arthur Miller 1949. It was awarded The Tony Award for Best Play and Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It uses Willy, a disillusioned salesman, his conscious and caring wife, Linda and their two sons Happy and Biff as the protagonists. They help us to understand the turbulent life in this family which is involved in a constant disagreement. Willy does not get happiness from his job as a salesman, a job he gets sacked from even after serving for a very long time.

He is not pleased with his sons whom he blames for not making him proud. Biff, his older son, fails the math class and drops out of college. His father’s efforts to lure him to venture into business later fail when he instead opts for farming. On the other hand, his younger brother, Happy, a womanizer, is loathed by Linda for his cheap lifestyle is a family arbiter. As events unfold, such a scenario, places Willy into a constant rivalry within and out of his household. Eventually, he opts to commit suicide at least to make his older son happier. However, this does not happen since Biff turns down the insurance compensation.

Conflict

The above synopsis indicates that conflict is one of the major themes of this play. In deed, there is a constant rivalry. Willy, the “weak, low” man, disagrees with all the people within his reach: his wife, Linda; sons, Biff and Happy; neighbor, Charlie and his boss, Howard.

To begin with, Willy and Linda disagree in many occasions. First, Willy is unfaithful in his marriage. He is involved in an extra marital love affair with Ms. Francis, whom he had been with, in a hotel, during the time, when his son was still a promising student in the Summer School. In fact, this is the reason why Biff loses hopes in studies and finally drops out of school as was narrated by Bernard. He says, “I am a failure!” Meaning there was a misunderstanding. Moreover, Willy turns down Linda’s offer of pleading to his boss to transfer him to their home town. Willy refused to buy this idea, however, good it was. Whereas Linda believed that it would prevent him from travelling that might cause him a tragic road accident.

Besides, there is a disagreement between Willy and his two sons. First, he is not happy with Biff’s decision to drop out of school. Later, he refuses to pursue a business career proposed by his father. Instead, he opts to try his hand in farming because that is what he likes most. The failing to fulfill Willy’s expectations of him, constantly puts them in a rivalry. In his opinion, Biff would have to be as successful just like his friend Bernard who has become a lawyer and a responsible husband. On the other hand, Biff blames his father’s promiscuity to be the sole cause for his failure. While in the restaurant Willy gets annoyed with his sons when they decide to abandon him. Instead, they enjoy the company of prostitutes. This incident infuriates Linda to the extent that she rebukes her two sons. She felt that it was so stupid of the boys to show such an irresponsible conduct.

Finally, Willy is in a disagreement with his neighbor and employer. Even though Charlie is a good friend who often helps him in case of difficulty, Willy frequently turns down his offers. In fact, he even refused to be employed by Charlie when he lost his job. This is because, he is jealous of his son, Bernard’s success. He is threatened at his success because he was expecting him to be equal to his sons. When he goes to Howard to discuss better working terms, Willy gets sacked when he is told, “You will no longer represent this company!” This is so unfair because his long time dedicated service finally gets unrewarded. This enmity continued even after his death. Otherwise, he would be accorded a colorful burial.