Category: Uncategorized

Subject

Students Name

Institution of Affiliation

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Case Study – Maria

Question 1

Maria could have avoided being in the current situation that has torn down her financials through various reasons. For one, she could not have moved to her new apartment as we are made aware that before she was able to plan for every coin, having a savings plan of 50 dollars every month. The savings started disappearing once she settled in her new apartment. It is not that her apartment cost her too much but the consequences of moving led to extra costs. Another way that she could have avoided the situation is consulting with other experienced people who live alone, as they could have helped her with advice on where to start. She says that she doesn’t know where to start but she doesn’t consult and this leads her to make a poor decision. Besides, she is a college student, spending most of her time in school and part-time she is employed, meaning she has less time at her apartment. Through this information, she could maximize her time at work and in school to make friends and have a good time such that she would only go to bed in her apartment reducing the extra costs.

Question 2

Maria will be faced with significant financial consequences as a result of her behavior. To begin with, she will deplete her savings as she no longer saves any amount and uses the savings to pay her expenses. Her expenses escalate every month hitting a double of her monthly spending leaving no amount to be saved. If Maria continues with this trend, she will find herself into debts, having depleted her savings and therefore she will be using her salary to writing off debts. She, therefore, needs to revert from this kind of behavior.

Question 3

To correct her situation, Maria has multiple solutions to choose from based on her problem. One she has to call off her dinner treats with her friends as they are the main causes of her poor spending. She has to focus on her savings and education since she is in scholarship. Another thing is that she has to start making meals by herself so that she cuts the extra expenses made on food as more that 100 dollars have been spent in the restaurants. Maria, therefore, has to consult from the chefs on how to make a one-person meal to avoid wastage. She fears wasting food, but she wastes a lot of money on the same food. Another way is by keeping herself occupied in the apartment to reduce loneliness; she can do this by reading books, watching movies or finding a pet such as a dog to play with and keep her company. Another way she can correct her situation is by moving from her new apartment and go back to her previous settlement as during her stay there; she had everything in control.

Question 4

The poor financial behavior can affect Maria’s college success negatively in that she will lose focus on her education in her bid to collect herself together. She may be faced with depression as she will be left with almost nothing to cater for her bills and savings and therefore keep worrying about her bankruptcy. She doesn’t want to lose her dining friends, but she doesn’t realize her financial strain that may deprive her the peace of mind making it difficult to concentrate on education.

Actors in Policymaking

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Institutional Affiliation:

The statement “actors are individuals, collectives or corporations involved in the policymaking process who seek to turn their preferences into public policy” is an accurate one. The process of making policies often culminates in the fulfilment of the wants of specific factors involved in the process. Examples of individual actors can be politicians or leaders of certain special rights groups. Collectives can refer to any grouping of people who want to push a certain agenda in the policymaking process. Corporations are large companies or collection of companies that enjoy rights similar to that of individuals. Corporations are therefore recognized and allowed to act like one entity under the law. Individuals, collectives and corporations have different motivations and goals with regard to public policy, and they use their influence and positions to ensure that public policy reflects their desires and interests.

Examples of individuals with the ability to influence public policy include politicians. When a politician decides to run for offices, they usually have a manifesto outlining their vision, and they use this to convince voters to vote for them (Erikson 2015). A person running for office can do so under a political party or as an independent candidate. Under a party, an individual adheres to party politics and views on public policy. For example, the Republican Party in the United States is a conservative party, and some of its core beliefs include the protection of gun rights, free-market capitalism, pro-life views as well as low taxes. A person running on the Republican ticket will, therefore, have to subscribe to these conservative views, and this will influence their public policy stances. A Republican will hold such beliefs dear and will do everything possible to change or create public policies in line with them. Corporations also exert a lot of influence on policymaking because of their significant resources, with their main agenda being the setting of policies that will promote their operations and profit-making objectives.

Problem definition and agenda-setting are essential parts of public policy, and individuals, collectives and corporations play a significant role in these two aspects. For example, influential politicians such as the president are often involved in the agenda-setting phase of public policy. Agenda-setting determines which issues get a lot of attention in the public domain (Birkland 2015). If a president or legislator wishes to change or create policies on a particular topic, they will take actions to ensure this. Such actions will include presenting bills in the House of Representatives, running advertisements, giving public speeches and others. Problem definition is also important because different parties can define the same problem differently (Barbehön et al. 2015). Taking the issue of gun rights, a conservative will insist that gun rights must be protected at all costs while liberals would argue that gun rights should not come before public safety and the protection of human rights. Public opinion sways depending on how the problem is defined.

Individuals have the greatest influence on policy agendas and outcomes. Some of the most influential people in society are politicians and leaders of notable groups and organizations such as religious groups and nongovernmental organizations. These individuals have many people under their guidance and leadership; hence, they set the agenda when it comes to policymaking. Elections give a chance to candidates to present their manifestos and voters then elect those that they feel best represent their interests (Klijn & Koppenjan 2017). Those who get elected to the legislature can then introduce bills and other legislations which will shape public policy. Other powerful and influential individuals outside the legislature, such as leaders of religious and lobby groups, can also create awareness around a particular issue and call for changes in policy around the issues in question.

Individuals interact with formal institutions during the policy process. Because the majority of the influential individuals hold seats in the legislature and other arms of government, they are a part of those institutions tasked with the creation and amendment of policies (Birkland 2015). These actors, therefore, make use of their positions in formal institutions to by presenting pieces of legislation to be deliberated upon, and if passed, they become law. Other individuals outside the legislature can also present petitions and speeches to legislative bodies such as Congress to create awareness on some areas of public policy (Erikson 2015). Public opinion has a significant impact on the influence and success of individuals as actors in the policymaking process. When an individual has a lot of popularity among the public, any policy issues that they raise will get a lot of attention in the public domain. The president of any country is one such example he or she is quite influential if they were voted in by a majority of the citizens. When an issue has gained significant public interest, it is hen legislated upon, and many times, the votes will reflect public opinion (Klijn & Koppenjan 2017). Legislators and members of the executive are an integral part of policymaking, and their votes should reflect those of the people who elected them into office.

In conclusion, the process of policymaking involves many actors such as individuals, collectives and corporations. While all these exert significant influence in the process, individuals usually have the biggest say. Some influential individuals include politicians and leaders of groups such as religious and lobby groups. Politicians are part of the formal institutions that come up with policies or amend existing ones, usually based on public opinion because the politicians in the different arms of government should represent the view of their people.

References

Barbehön, M., Münch, S., & Lamping, W. (2015). Problem definition and agenda-setting in critical perspective. In Handbook of Critical Policy Studies. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Birkland, T. A. (2015). An introduction to the policy process: Theories, concepts, and models of public policy making. Routledge.Erikson, J. (2015). Ideas and actors in policy processes: where is the interaction?. Policy Studies, 36(5), 451-467.

Klijn, E. H., & Koppenjan, J. F. (2017). Rediscovering the citizen: new roles for politicians in interactive policy making. In Public participation and innovations in community governance (pp. 141-164). Routledge.

Motorola

Student name:

Instructor:

Institution

Overview

Motorola rapidly became the largest mobile phone seller in UK. In 2006, its asset was more than £32.74 billion and it had 100 million subscribers. Until 2007, these figures have grown to over £38.8 billion and more than 138 million subscribers (Motorola Company Profile, 2009, p1). However, the continued good performance of Motorola is threatened by a number of factors. Motorola had always been a pioneer in the areas of quality and productivity. In the 1980s, Motorola had been the site for improvement programs of productivity and presentations of quality by many experts including Dorian Shainin, Joseph M Juran, Eliyahu Goldratt and Genichi Taguchi. Now the Six Sigma coauthor and the president of Six Sigma Academy was Mikel Harry who was an attendee of some of the programs that was inspired by their thinking and he produced a program for the Government Electronics Motorola Division which includes Juran’s journey of quality, Shainin’s advanced diagnostic tools (Planned Experimentation (PE) and ADT) and Statistical Process Control (SPC) (Hillier and Lieberman, 2001; Goh, 2002).

For improving quality through its process design and product activities Motorola has been a role model. Motorola is widely recognized as the national leader in total quality management. In 1988 the company was offered as a winner of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award and it remains one of the few large companies to have won the award for companywide activities. Total quality management is perceived at all levels of the organization.

All of these mean that Motorola’s marketing strategies, especially its advertising strategies, will become the most important element of its sustained and successful growth. The challenge for Motorola is to gain and maintain market share, and continue to seek future growth.

Therefore, the application of successful advertising strategies is a critical factor for attracting new customers and keeping existing ones. Marketing research suggests that advertising is about attitudes, the attitudes of consumers towards products. Boyd, Ray and Strong (2007) propose that there are five strategies which marketing managers can pursue in relation to basing their advertising campaigns on attitudinal change.

Many companies have considerably improved their profitability by means of Six Sigma which originated at Motorola. Due to the tough competition from Japanese Manufacturers the head of the company, Robert W Galvin launched and extensive improvement program early in the 1980s. Juran was called in to assist in the improvement work. He gave three important pieces of advice. They are:

Work on chronic problems;

Institute project oriented improvement work; and

Organize a steering arm which means setting up project teams.

Together with his colleague Frank M Gryna, Juran gave training to management on how to perform effective improvement work. The project teams were trained by means of the video based training program, Juran on Quality Improvement.

Motorola later gave the name Six Sigma to the improvement program. Thu, without the support from Juran, Motorola would probably have not been successful with its program of Six Sigma.

References

Goh T N (2002), A Strategic assessment of six sigma, Quality and Reliability Engineering International, London.

Hillier F S and Lieberman G J (2001), Introduction to Operations Research, Tata McGraw Hill, Boston

Character Analysis

Part 1, Moon: Your Face Is Not an Organ; Impact; Juice Summary

From a surface view the future looks awesome and so much amazing; on the other hand, the book “Feed” by Anderson depicts a future that is presented as grim. The story in this book revolves around the key character named Titus who is a teenager. According to the book, he like other 70% of American population have feed implanted on their brain. Titus meets Violet a lady who makes her think about the feed. She is a thrill seeking girl who advises Titus to resist the feed.

Titus is from a rich family and can afford a little more expensive leisure; he goes to the moon alongside other friends to have fun. At the moon they attend a low gravity night club. Three female friends joined Titus Company to the moon. One such girl is Quendy who becomes the centre of attention and discussion among the ladies. She has a nasal lesion which forms the basis of the discussion. At the end of it, a lady described as the girl in gray qualifies Quendy’s lesion as a fine one. The other ladies are amazed at her brilliance.

Part 2, Eden: Awake; College Try; Boring; Still Boring Summary

While at the moon, both friends have their feeds impaired. Titus wakes up to find his feednet disconnected and therefore no signal transmission. The attempts he makes to reach his friends are so misfired. Violet wakes up complaining of the same problem too. They are at the hospital which they find boring and wonder what to do. The only thing they see around is a painting of a boat that seems not to interest them anyway.

Part 2, Eden: Missing the Feed; Cache & Carry; Night. And Boring; Father Summary

At the time feeds were first made, it was a hand held device. Soon the new version that was implanted on the brain was made. It created a perception of high intelligence among the people. Titus even thinks the corporate running the feeds run everything and so may be evil. He gets worked up when his feed goes offline and compares the feelings to those of the boat painting at the hospital

Character analysis

Titus

The novel is a narration given by Titus. He is a teenager whose life is so much dominated by the brain implanted feed. The novel begins when Titus is presented as immature teenager leading a normal life. He grew up in a wealthy family and often engaged in the forbidden activities like drinking. He is much bored with things in his environ. As a way of having some fun, Titus goes to the moon in company of other friends. His life is generally dominated by the feed and he gets all he feeds through this feed; be it advertisements or media announcements.

Calista

Calista is presented as the leader of the group of ladies who waged a confrontation to Violet. she is an outspoken girl and very confrontational in their fight with violet. in the story, she is Links girlfriend. it is also notable that she was one of the first girls to get cosmetic lesions.

Violet

Violet is a young lady who grew up in a low middle class family. She is a used to symbolize the difference between current society and the anticipated futuristic world. Violet had her feed implanted late at 6 years and not at birth as with others. It is only her who questions use of feed and attempts to oppose it. She is able to think independently and operate without the feed. Violet was homes-schooled and became much brighter in comparison with those individuals who had a chip implanted into their brains at a tender age. She also comes from a lower-middle-class background. However after the chip was implanted in her, she too had her functioning altered. She is seen to symbolize the dyeing past way of life.

Moral Absolutism: Right Or Wrong?

Moral absolutism is defined as “the belief that some moral rules are binding on everyone, regardless of cultural differences.”1 Many people support this belief based on the ideals and values of their culture. They think that there should be a specific set of principles protecting and governing all human beings. However, others believe that values can be accepted in one culture and rejected in another culture. This idea is based on the belief that moral principles differ across cultures. The views of the relativist and absolutist are contrary to one another. In this paper, I will argue that the absolutist’s beliefs are well-developed and humble, whereas the relativist’s views are flawed and contradictory.

In Philosophical Dilemmas, Washburn uses an article entitled, “Right for You, Wrong for Me?” to demonstrate an absolutist’s point of view. The absolutist dissects and criticizes the relativist’s beliefs in two main areas. First, he questions the relativist’s belief that an action may be right for one person and unacceptable for another person. Much emphasis and criticism is placed on this concept and the absolutist argues that there is no influential difference between people to justify such a belief. Secondly, the absolutist condemns relativism for its inability to recognize that different cultures encounter one another. He points out that, in the event of cultural contact, an action by a person in one group will affect a person in another group. In this situation, the relativist would say that the action is right for one person, but wrong for the other person. The absolutist proclaims that the possibility of an action being both right and wrong is non-existent. These views of relativism are flawed and contradictory.

“In general, some say that every person must decide what moral principles to adopt. It is a personal decision, and no one can judge another, or say another’s principles are wrong. What is right for you may not be right for me, some say….The relativist is saying that a person’s belief that he should do something is enough to make it morally right that he should do it….Different climates, different diets, different beliefs, different educations are not enough to make an action right in one place and wrong in another….Relativism has another flaw. It does not recognize that people with different principles come into contact….Moral relativism sounds reasonable, until two groups with different values come into contact, and an action by a person in one group affects a person in another group. When that happens, relativism collapses. The relativist who says that the action is both right and wrong isn’t saying anything….That is empty and uninformative….If you are going to have any moral principles at all, then you are going to have to say everyone else should have the same principles. That isn’t arrogant. In fact it is humbling.”2

Premise #1: Geography, beliefs, and education are characteristics of every culture.

Premise #2: Every culture adopts moral principles that are life-governing.

Interim Conclusion #1: Different climates, different diets, different beliefs, different educations are not enough to make an action right in one culture and wrong in another.

Premise #4: If different climates, different diets, different beliefs, different educations are not enough to make an action right in one culture and wrong in another, then when two groups with different values come into contact an action by a person in one group will affect a person in another group.

Premise #5: If different climates, different diets, different beliefs, different educations are not enough to make an action right in one culture and wrong in another, then a group cannot make an action morally right or wrong simply by saying it is right or wrong.

Premise #6: If different climates, different diets, different beliefs, different educations are not enough to make an action right in one culture and wrong in another, then all people around the world share similar cultural beliefs.

Interim Conclusion #2: Every cultural belief consists of basic moral judgments.

Conclusion: All people around the world share similar basic moral judgments.

The absolutist constructs and maintains a sound and valid argument in opposition to moral relativism. I agree with the absolutist’s conclusion because I believe that all the premises are true. He arrives at a conclusion through the isolation and criticism of the major concepts to which moral relativism was founded. He boldly states, “…relativism is a confused and contradictory doctrine.”3 Throughout the article, the absolutist provides detailed, theoretical situations for each of his claims. I believe that through a somewhat brief article, the absolutist manages to disprove the concepts of moral relativism. However, relativists would quickly disagree with this criticism. A relativist would read the absolutist’s argument in premise-conclusion form and disagree with Interim Conclusion #1 and Premise #5. The relativist’s response to Interim Conclusion #1 would state, “Someone might say that one’s society’s rules are objectively ‘better’ than another’s. But that judgment implies that a person can stand outside the two societies and evaluate them on the basis of some independent standard.”4 The relativist is claiming that no one can rise above all societies and make moral judgments about them. Therefore, a relativist would criticize Interim Conclusion #1 with the retort that because no one can rise above all societies, one cannot truthfully state that different beliefs and educations are not enough to make an action right in one culture and wrong in another culture. The relativist’s response to Premise #5 may be that “all people are taught to have a conscience. But different people’s consciences tell them different things about right and wrong”5 and that “there is no difference between what a society believes is right and what is right.”6 Therefore, a relativist would criticize Premise #5 with the retort that “a person’s belief that he should do something is enough to make it morally right that he should do it.”7 These counterarguments seem reasonable and valid. However through the eyes of an absolutist, these retorts seem “empty and uninformative.”8

Through the direct criticism of moral relativism, the absolutist anticipates these objections put forth by relativists. He establishes his criticism in this way to reject the relativist’s argument. In his first strike against moral relativism, the absolutist claims that “the problem isn’t that moral relativists approve of actions that offend me (although they do). The problem is that they cannot explain what they believe in a clear, coherent way.”9 The absolutist supports this claim with the theoretical use of a situation. He uses an example of a woman in Mali, named Mrs. Diarra, and a relativist Frenchwoman, named Mrs. Robert. The woman in Mali helps circumcise her 3-month-old baby, which is an honored tradition and part of her moral principles. However, the Frenchwoman says that, even though she would never perform such an act upon her daughter, the woman in Mali did the right thing according to her moral values. The incoherence of the relativist’s views applied to this story arrives when he says that a person’s belief that he should do something is enough to make it morally right that he should do it. As a refutation to that statement, an absolutist would respond, “If it is right for Diarra to circumcise her daughter because she believes it is right, then it is right for a child molester to abuse children, so long as he believes it is right.”10 This concept makes no sense. Therefore, a relativist cannot explain what he believes in a clear, coherent way. In conclusion of this story, the absolutist states that there is no difference between Mrs. Diarra and Mrs. Robert that is important enough to justify the relativist’s view. The absolutist supports Interim Conclusion #1 in this context through the theoretical use of a real-life situation. He supports and defends Premise #5 as well. He declares, “The idea that what is right for one person may be wrong for another person (in the same situation) is an idea that sounds attractive….And it would be nice if we never had to judge anyone else. But the idea makes no sense.”11 I agree with the absolutist’s statement that if one believes that something is right for one’s self, then one has to believe that it is right for anyone else in similar situations. Relativists cannot provide any important differences that make an action right for one person but wrong for another person. Thus, Premise #5 truthfully states that a group cannot make an action morally right or wrong simply by saying it is right or wrong. The absolutist anticipates the relativist’s objections and provides influential support for his argument.

In conclusion of this paper, I have argued that the absolutist’s beliefs are well-developed and humble, whereas the relativist’s views are flawed and contradictory. The absolutist presents a sound and valid argument against the popular ideals of moral relativism. He criticizes and disproves these ideals through the theoretical use of real-life situations. Although the concepts of moral relativism seem reasonable, the absolutist opposes these contradictory claims. He argues that there is no difference between cultures that is important enough to justify the relativist’s view. Also, he argues that relativism sounds logical until two cultures encounter one another and an action by a person in one culture affects a person in another culture. After the absolutist’s intense criticism and disproving of its concepts, moral relativism collapses.

Bibliography:

Endnotes

1Phil Washburn, Philosophical Dilemmas: A Pro and Con Introduction to the Major Questions, 2nd edition (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), p. 214.

2Washburn, p.219-221

3Washburn, p. 221

4Washburn, p. 216

5Washburn, p. 216

6Washburn, p. 225

7Washburn, p. 220

8Washburn, p. 221

9Washburn, p. 219

10Washburn, p. 220

11Washburn, p. 220

MOVIE ANALYSIS

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Bates Motel Analysis: Season Two

Episode three

In episode three, the story line revolved around unexpected turn of events, the characters are Norman, Christine Heldens, George, Nick, and Emma and the setting of the story is in the community set up. In this episode, Norman is disappointed to learn that she was not involved in the community play and that makes her to make new friend with Christine for companion. Christine invites Norman to a party and introduced her to new friends (Weigand, 2013). With the death of Bradley in their mind, Emma organizes a memorial at the beach; however, things do not go as planned as Caleb appears unannounced hence shattering Norman’s dreams.

Episode four

The story line is about denial and emotional and the setting is in the motel. The characters in the play are Dylan, Caleb, Norman Sheriff Romeo, Emma, and Zane. Dylan gets drunk after the revelation that Caleb is not his father; he further confronts Norma who admits that she never told anyone about the secrets of his parental status. The ever outrageous Norman goes to acting out as his mother and visits Caleb as these unfolds , Emma wakes up in the morning to find out that she slept with the boy she met in the beach party (Bellour & Penley, 2014). The events in this episode show how Dylan gets disillusioned in life in realizing that Caleb is not his father. It also gives as a picture of how careless people are when Emma slept with a boy she met in the beach party.

Episode five

The theme of the story is secrecy and the characters are Dylan, Zane Cody, and Norman. The typical setting is within the family set up. In this episode, Norma trust Cody with the family secrets and want Cody to keep them by himself at the same time, Dylan finds himself in trouble as he fights for his life that was engineered by Zane drug war. The turn of events makes Norman to have a deal with a strange mysterious man to help stop the bypass as Norman faces some of his childhood demons (Weigand, 2013). This story reveals hidden secrets that Norman has been keeping and his bad behaviour during his childhood has come to haunt him. The story can clearly tell the character traits of Norman as a wicked person through the haunting by the demons.

Episode six

The theme of the episode is plunge and the characters involved are Norman, Cody, Emma, and Dylan. The setting of the play is in the business sectors or firm as can be seen by the employment scenario. In this case, Norman works tirelessly to get appointed to the council and this makes him to look for the driving licenses to enable him get the position. At the same time, Norman has to deal with the incident concerning Emma and Cody situation at work. The scene ends when Dylan gets to know his boss. The scene depicts frustrations within the society as can be seen on how Norman is frustrated and tries to make life easy though it does not work for him. It further tells how the employers are too bossy to know their staff that comes out when Dylan gets to know his boss after long time (Bellour & Penley, 2014).

Episode seven

The theme of the episode is revenge as the characters are presumed to be innocent though in the real case it is not. The characters involved are; Norman, Zane, Miss Watson, Romero, Dylan, and Cody. Norman questions himself about his faith and tries to get the motives behind his miseries (Bellour & Penley, 2014). At the same time, Zane is burning with revenge and is eager to do anything to threaten Dylan for the death of Miss Watson, however, Romero presents new evidence that may change the course of the case of Miss Watson’s murder and breaks the friendship of Cody and Norman. This episode brings about betrayal of characters in the scene and how it is hard to trust a friend. The evaluation of the scene is that you cannot fully trust a friend, however close you have been and that the best person who knows your secrets is your best friends.

Episode eight

The story line in episode eight is looking for truth and the characters presents are; Romero, Dylan, and Norman. The setting is in the family set-up. Romero is busy digging for the truth regarding Miss Watson murder and at the same time, the war between the drug families presents Dylan with a hard choice to make. Norman is forced to push Dylan away so as to get the truth he is looking for. The story reveals how it is hard to get the truth of any matter in the society since there are many obstacle in the way that want to conceal secretes like Dylan did when Norman was looking for the murderer of Miss Watson (Bellour & Penley, 2014).

Episode nine

The story line in this episode is about betrayal and death. The characters involved are; Norman, Nick Ford, Zane, Dylan, Romero, and Declan and the setting are in a home set-up. Zane returns home in the morning and finds Norma still sleeping; she gets a call from Nick who wants Norman dead, Norman is kept in a metal box in the middle of nowhere that makes him recall the events of Miss Watson death. The story reveals how Norman was involved in Miss Watson’s death and how Norman had hidden such secretes to himself (Weigand, 2013).

Episode ten

The theme is rescue operation and the characters involved are; Norman, Zane, Dylan and Romero while the setting is in Norman’s home. In this scene, Norman is being rescued by Dylan and his friends that take Norman back to his mother where Norman reveals the murderer of Miss Watson of which he was the one involved (Bellour & Penley, 2014). Romero finds it hard to trust Norman and thereby she is forced to keep him at bay. The revelation of the story reveals how wicked Norman was and also how secretive he was to the extent of going to his grave with those secretes. .

 

References

Bellour, R., & Penley, C. (2014). The Analysis of Film. Bloomington [u.a.: Indiana Univ. Press.

Weigand, D. (2013). ‘Bates Motel’ Review: Norman’s ‘Psycho’ path. HYPERLINK “http://www.sfgate.com/tv/article/Bates-Motel-review-Norman-s-Psycho-path-4355457.php#next” http://www.sfgate.com/tv/article/Bates-Motel-review-Norman-s-Psycho-path-4355457.php#next

CASE STUDY 3: DESIGNING WORK

For this memo, you will be analyzing a case and providing recommendations based on your analysis. Use the guidelines in Chapters 1 – 5 of your book to help form your recommendation and develop your plans.

You are the HR Manager for a large non-profit hospital in Nashville, TN. The hospital was formed following a merger by two smaller hospitals is currently divided into 10 different organizational units (5 that existed under hospital A and 5 that existed under hospital B). Patients receive care in all different areas of the hospital, so their care needs to be coordinated across these units. However, the existing technology does not connect medical records across these units and the hospital staff do not work well with people outside of their organizational unit.

Now that the merger is complete, the hospital needs to develop a new strategic intent and goals. Based off of the new strategic intent and goals, the hospital then needs to adjust its organizational design and effectiveness outcomes to fit these changes.

ISSUES TO ADDRESS IN YOUR CASE STUDY:

For this memo, answer the following questions. Note: you should start your memo by clearly identifying your recommendation.

Based on your analysis, make a recommendation regarding the new strategic intent for the hospital.

What is the new strategic intent and what are the goals for the hospital?

For each, explain why you have selected this strategic intent or goal (hint: your answer should be based on an assessment of the external and internal environment).

What are the structural dimensions of organizational design for this hospital?

Explain the structural dimensions of the hospital: formalization, specialization, hierarchy of authority, complexity, and centralization.

For each structural dimension, explain why you have made this selection.

Based on your answers to the questions above, which effectiveness approaches do you think the hospital should use?

Explain why you have made this selection.

Explain the positives and negatives associated with this selection.

Based on your answers to the questions above, which organization structure should the hospital adopt?

Explain why you have made this selection.

Explain the positives and negatives associated with this selection.

MEMO ASSIGNMENT:

Prepare a 3-5 page, single-spaced memo that answers the questions above. The formatting should be as follows:

Length: 3-5 page

Single-spaced

Times New Roman, 12 point font

1 inch margins

Include page numbers on each page

Make sure your name is on the first page of the memo

No cover pages or fancy report covers needed

Your recommendations should be formatted as a memo, following the guidelines presented in class lectures. Major section headings should be formatted with bold lettering, left justified, and ended with a period. Sample memos and the lecture slides on memo writing are posted on eLearn.

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Actors Performance in the Play King Lear

Introduction

Shakespeare’s play King Lear, which was written in the 17th century, is about a royal family which violates their bonds in the name of authority and order. The play also highlights the battle for supremacy as the fundamental cause of conflict. In the play, the King is betrayed by his two daughters. Even though Lear comes to repent for what he had done and reunites with his daughter Cordelia, almost all the characters lose their lives at the end. The post-Medieval era’s catastrophic occurrences are seen through the lenses of envy, mistrust, and deception. This paper discusses Laurence Olivier as King Lear, Anna Calder-Marshall as Cordelia and John Hurt as the fool. It outlines the verbal and physical decisions the actors made throughout the play by demonstrating the clarity, rationality, and contentment of their decisions.

Laurence Olivier as King Lear

Olivier’s performance in the play led him to winning several awards. It was however his last performance of Shakespeare’s plays. He was 75 years old when he took up the demanding role but that did not stop him from performing tremendously. In the play, Olivier’s character was that of an ancient British king named King Lear. Everyone remained submissive to his commands during his tenure but when he transferred his authority to his two female offspring, Goneril and Regan, the situation, and changes for the worst.

Despite being older, Olivier’s vocal acting abilities were unimpaired. As he makes his first appearance in the play, he is dressed as a king with a white beard and white hair, having an image similar to that of God (Shakespeare 00:03:47-00:04:04). His skill due to experience and age fit the king’s character perfectly. He plays more intelligently, if not harder, like a seasoned athlete. Olivier’s Lear is a masterpiece of nuance, distracting yet pointless, empathetic and apprehensive. He is crazy when we see him after the storm, still has the ability to trap and skin a rabbit thanks to his kinesthetic memory (Shakespear, 01:09:51- 01:13:52). Then, when his vocal performance appears to have peaked, his aging body takes control. Once in Cordelia’s care, they shave off his beard, which makes him appear older visually. The viewers were left feeling both sympathetic and amazed that he could still carry Cordelia’s dead body using his old body (Shakespeare, 02:30:47- 02:35:20). Lear finally admits his shortcomings, saying, “When we are born, we grieve that we have come to this big stage of fools.” However, his revelation does not prevent him from becoming insane or dying.

Anna Calder-Marshall as Cordelia

Anna plays the part of the youngest daughter of King Lear, Cordelia. Shakespeare uses Cordelia as an illustration of kindness and morality. She declines to flatter her father during the ceremonial of relinquishing authority as the daughter of a King (Shakespeare, 00:06:19- 00:09:38). Despite the harsh treatment, Cordelia stays devoted to her father even after the monarch abdicates her royal rank. When King Lear decides to divide the land amongst his three daughters, Anna’s Cordelia is seen to question and pity herself since she knows that she cannot express her love for her father through words (Shakespeare, 00:03:41- 00:06:19). Even when Kent pleads on her behalf she does not utter a single word but watches as her father’s anger range into frustration. She was her father’s favorite daughter and the fact that she could not flatter him was ununderstandable to King Lear. The king of France soon comes and leaves with Cordelia.

Cordelia is not seen in the play again up until her soldiers rescue King Lear (Shakespear, 01:57:47- 02:01:29). Lear is taken to Cordelia’s camp where he begs for forgiveness. Anna Calder-Marshall brings out Cordelia’s kind, merciful and forgiving character as she kisses her father’s hands and face in his sleep. She weeps speaking of the betrayal and hardship her sisters put her father through. It is evident that she does not look back to when her father disowned her. Anna’s Cordelia shows much more commitment to her father because she listens intently as he speaks when they are at the verge of being put in prison (Shakespeare, 02:13:50- 02:14:11). Their father-daughter relationship is very evident as Lear speaks of how he does not mind being imprisoned with her. It was easier for Olivier to carry Anna portraying how Lear carried Cordelia’s dead body since Anna’s body was light and Olivier was old (Shakespeare, 02:30:47- 02:35:20) . Incase Anna weighed more I doubt Olivier would have been able to carry her and bring out that scene as perfectly as he did.

John Hurt as the Fool

John Hurt was a renowned English actor who focused in his career for over sixty years. He performed in many films with diverse roles. In this version of King Lear, he was the King’s fool. His performance only lasted for one scene. John Hurt brought out the fool’s character very well. His hair was not combed or well kept and his clothing had no nobility in them (Shakespeare, 00:40:39- 00:43:36). As much as his appearance was not pleasing, the king spoke to him like he would an adviser. The Fool appears to be more intelligent than the monarch, and their interactions are heartwarming, compassionate, and occasionally amazing. John Hurt’s voice as he plays the fool is almost that of a child who speaks his thoughts without being concerned of the consequences (Shakespeare, 00:40:39- 00:43:36). He makes King Lear identify his mistake in dividing his kingdom living him with nothing and also how wrong it was to disown Cordelia.

Conclusion

Through their performances, John Hurt, Anna Calder-Marshall, and Laurence Olivier help the audience better comprehend the characters. The decisions they make and the developments that take place as the play progresses reflect their characters well. The characters that the viewers see each have various motivations for carrying out their roles and are all intimately affected by its outcomes. This essay has shown how actor analysis may support and develop performance and performance theory. It also outlines how an actor’s comprehension of the play and its character types can widen and contribute to viewers understanding of it. In the end, the play is elaborated upon and given criticism in equal measure.

Works Cited

KING LEAR – Laurence Olivier and John Hurt – 1983 – TV – Remastered – 4K. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pdn07wgUrno

Case Study #4: A South African Investment

Author’s name

Institutional Affiliation

Case Study #4: A South African Investment

Question 1

Depending on how one may look at it, it might be factual that the feasible utilitarian benefits of the 1977 construction of the Caltex plant in South Africa may have been more essential than amending the immoral features of Apartheid. However, that does not imply that Apartheid in any form or structure is right, justified or tolerable. However, there is legitimacy to the actuality that the employment opportunities granted in the plant might have been among the most appropriate means accessible for the minorities as well as the blacks in South Africa obtain means of income. While comprehensive civil rights as well as freedom are critically imperative to all people in order that they can realize their full potential and assert their appropriate place in humanity, there are other, supplementary fundamental needs that ought to be satisfied prior to a person worries about spiritual, intellectual and related individual freedoms and rights. It may not be reasonable to offer an individual full government, social, as well as legal rights if they are deprived any reasonable sources of livelihood.

Caltex had the power to influence political policies on the South African government in order that the government may revive its laws. This has happened in other parts of the world, whereby conglomerates influence government policies in order to create a conducive environment for business. Foreign financial investments mean a great deal in any country since it revitalizes the social-economic status of the population and the national economy as well. It is an ignominy that Caltex had no problem investing in a country whose laws were exceedingly abhorrent to humanity. On the other hand, it is factual that in that era the living standards of the South African minorities as well as the Blacks were in a deplorable state. They vast majority of these populations lived in pitiable homes, had poor access to high quality educational programs, were deprived of the right to practice certain jobs or careers, and were granted wages that were exceedingly less than that of the white population in South Africa.

For numerous South African Blacks at the time, for whom so several outside the nation had the courage to confront the repressive regime may have chosen to take up jobs at the Caltex plant which granted them better living wages and better workplace environment than in the civil service. It is justifiable to imply that absolute freedom may not have been the priority for all Black South Africans who needed better living standards. Therefore the Caltex plant may have been the kind of investments that were actually required in the country at the time. The only provision Caltex ought to have added would have been the maintenance of reasonable wages and reasonable housing for its black and colored human resources.

Question 2.

As a stockholder in Standard Oil or Texaco, it would have been appropriate to vote in agreement with the three stockholder declarations. While it is factual that under the utilitarian philosophies it might not of necessity have been the most appropriate option for Caltex, Standard Oil or Texaco to desist from investing in South Africa, as a stockholder, it would have been appropriate to vote according to individual conscience. Any type of financial recompense, such as facilitating the generation of national income from the mining of natural resources or construction of national industries such as in petroleum, appears as unconscionable in regard to the fundamental premise on which the South African government operated and survived.

The first resolution demanded that Caltex terminates all its operations in South Africa unless and until the government ceased to enforce its Apartheid laws. It would have been suitable to vote in favor of that resolution. The failure to take a position and speak out against apartheid would have implied as consent and participation in its continuation. Failing to oppose a regime so wrong, in effect, it would mean that one supports repression as exhibited by the South African regime of the time.

The second resolution explicitly required Caltex to desist from trading its operations to the military. It would have been appropriate to vote in support of this resolution. The corporation, operated within its right to decline putting up for a vote in several areas since it asked the company to infringe on the laws of the country in which it functioned. It is factual that by trading its operations to the military the corporation failed to act or speak out in opposition to Apartheid. In sanctioning trading to the government and the military the corporation in effect became an accomplice in Apartheid by providing the Apartheid regime with an essential commodity.

It would as well have been appropriate to vote in support of the final resolution that required sustaining the Tutu principles. Desmond Tutu requested the company to assume an active role in operating toward the eradication of Apartheid as well as the establishment of fundamental rights to the blacks in South Africa. If Caltex, Standard Oil, and Texaco had no problem in sustaining the Apartheid government by trading its resources to sustain the military forces, it ought to have had no problem in supporting the divergent opinions of the majority populace of South Africa. In the two ways it impedes in the politics of South Africa at the time, although by supporting Tutu’s principles it would have acted in the way that the majority of the populace desired.

Question 3.

It may not be the prerogative of corporations to take on legislative policies or viewpoints in foreign nations that they operate in. However, corporation and its senior management bear the right to formulate decisions which, in their opinion, may bring competitive advantage and profitability to the business. It may not be the responsibility of a corporation to establish how a foreign government should operate. Corporations’ principal ethical obligation is to its shareholders as well as their investments. If a corporation’s management considers that a resolution, which is lawful, will realize prosperity to its shareholders then, except advised otherwise by its shareholders, the corporation ought to pursue its resolution. All three resolutions endeavored to substitute the ethics, values, as well as beliefs of a diminutive number of stockholders on the managers. These managers could have had to consent to the proposals made, although they were not obliged to sustain them. Providing that management did not take action to unethically thwart or defeat the resolutions from being proposed to the stockholders, the management acted appropriately in regard.

Question 4.

At the very fundamental plane, corporate management hold no greater liability than to guarantee the business’s financial success and prosperity. Corporate management is not recruited to perform as the conscience of a company. On the contrary, it is recruited to be the company’s investment, operational, as well as management leadership. Corporations are not in normal circumstances in business to operate for the general good of the public. It would be prudent if all people would assume responsibility for the mutual good, but that responsibility cannot be obligatory on individuals.

It is the prerogative of the shareholders as the bona fide owners of a corporation to elect board members, and it is consequently up to the board members to manage the corporation. If sufficient stockholders feel that the management ought to assume a social or political stand on given issue, then they hold the power, by means of their vote, to advise the management to act as required. However, devoid of that indication, it is neither feasible nor acceptable for the managers to take action based on their personal conscience if that act would be counter productive in regard to the interests of the company.

Business managers ought to restrict their actions to the decisions that relate to investment principles and the law. Only in the event that two potential options are equal in regard to the law and returns on investment, should a manager reflect on ethical concerns.

Activity 3: Communication & Education

Lucreshia Jackson

American Sentinel College of Nursing & Health Sciences

Dr Teri Logghe

21st September 2022

Activity 3: Communication & Education

Communication and education influence the health status of a community. Communication influences health by creating a positive connection between the communication skills of the health associates and the ability of the patients to track through with the given medical sanctions, manage a chronic health condition by themselves, and adopt preventive behaviours of health (Butow & Hoque, 2020). On the other hand, education allows those educated within the community to experience better health care, as reflected by the higher levels of self-reported health and low mortality, disability, and morbidity (Andersson, 2022).

Using various communication channels allows health messages to shape interpersonal. Mass media, community, small group, and community level campaigns. These communication strategies related to health aim to alter a community’s attitudes, knowledge, and behaviours, for example, reinforcing positive behaviours and increasing risk perception (Butow & Hoque, 2020). Quality education provides the foundation for well-being and health (Andersson, 2022). For the community to lead productive and healthy lives, they require the knowledge of preventing diseases and sickness. For both adolescents and children to learn, they would need to be healthy and nourished.

Communication and education assessment of sentinel city

Education

After undertaking a slow tour around Sentinel City, I observed only a single school, the Sentinel City School District that was found in Industrial Heights. This school was in good shape with a crossing guard. The school had a playground that appeared to be in good shape with all working equipment. The children in the school were in their uniforms and also had backpacks. However, there were no signs of parents dropping their kids to school in cars or buses. The children in the school were middle-aged and could be seen walking in groups. I could not locate a university despite there being offered a brochure while on my tour, which had the programs offered, graduation rates, and course offerings. I could also not see any public library, but I observed a bookstore in Acer Tech Center.

The immunization data of Sentinel City provided showcased that the number of kids in Kindergarten was below the national average. The highest percentage of children in Kindergarten were from Nightingale Square, with only a few percentages below the national average. At the same time, the Industrial heights had the highest percentage, at 10%, of those below the national average (Sentinel City, 2022). There were also daycares in Sentinel City, such as the ABC daycare in Casper Park. There were several other daycares around the city. There were 8 daycares in Nightingale, 29 daycares in Acer Tech, 7 in Industrial Heights, and 21 in Casper Park (Sentinel City, 2022). This curriculum explored weekly topics as the majority and a mix of crafts and home-based arts. The immunization records for kids between 18-35 months in Industrial Heights were at 78%, while Nightingale Square was at 94% (Sentinel City, 2022).

Communication

The usage of billboards for advertisement is common in Sentinel City. The four neighbourhoods of this city have billboards. These billboards have primarily been used for business advertisements. There are also informative billboards used to educate the public—for example, the noticeboard between Elm and Stephen Street. The bulletin board along Louche road informs the community about the planned housing redevelopment project. As I took the tour around the city, I observed a demonstration by the citizens around the City Hall, suggesting that the residents are active politically. This means there are predominant party associations in the area. The three forms of formal communication in Sentinel City include mass media, bulletin boards, and billboards. Mass media channels include WSEN, NEWS4V television channel and Radio Buzz FM. An informal form of media is Twitter, which reports the hostage situation around the ABC centre (Sentinel City, 2022).

Therefore, from this information, billboards are an effective method of mass communication to educate the residents of Sentinel City about the foodborne outbreak involving E.coli. E. Co is an infection related to hygiene and spreads through eating and drinking contaminated food (RCDCP, 2021). Billboards are everywhere in Sentinel City and can be accessed even by vulnerable populations such as the homeless. The public billboards in this city are also known to provide informative education.

References

Andersson, H., Svensson, A., Frank, C., Rantala, A., Holmberg, M., & Bremer, A. (2022). An integrative systematic review of ethics education to support ethical competence learning in healthcare. BMC medical ethics, 23(1), 1-26.

Butow, P., & Hoque, E. (2020). Using artificial intelligence to analyze and teach communication in healthcare. The Breast, 50, 49-55.

Review Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2021). National Notifiable Infectious Conditions.

Sentinel, C. (2022). Getting on the bus: Evaluating Sentinel City® 3.0 virtual simulation in community/population health clinical placement. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 17(1).