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The Tobacco Control Act11 grants the FDA the power to oversee the manufacturing, sale and marketing of tobacco products in order to protect public health, providing a wide variety of penalties for infringements of the legislation and the right of the FDA to contract with States to carry out surveillance of retailers. The provisions of the Tobacco Control Act are designed to discourage young people from smoking by banning the selling of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco to persons younger than 18 years of age and providing evidence of age to buy tobacco products. The FDA has engaged in local implementation of these retail restrictions, establishing a cigarette retail compliance service with contracts in 37 states and the District of Columbia. As noted above the FDA has completed more than 60,000 inspections of tobacco product stores, resulting in more than 2,600 warning letters and 140 finesADDIN CSL_CITATION {“citationItems”:[{“id”:”ITEM-1″,”itemData”:{“author”:[{“dropping-particle”:””,”family”:”National Academy of Sciences”,”given”:””,”non-dropping-particle”:””,”parse-names”:false,”suffix”:””}],”id”:”ITEM-1″,”issued”:{“date-parts”:[[“2013″,”4″,”16″]]},”publisher”:”National Academies Press (US)”,”title”:”ANTISMOKING LAWS AND REGULATIONS”,”type”:”report”},”uris”:[“http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=aa75d07c-d291-338b-ab50-c2ec983bc4b1″]}],”mendeley”:{“formattedCitation”:”(National Academy of Sciences)”,”plainTextFormattedCitation”:”(National Academy of Sciences)”,”previouslyFormattedCitation”:”(National Academy of Sciences)”},”properties”:{“noteIndex”:0},”schema”:”https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json”}(National Academy of Sciences).
The sale of tobacco products in vending machines, self-service displays or other impersonal means of sale that young people may have access to is also prohibited. In addition, FDA has used its authority to restrict the sale of certain tobacco products, including fruit cigarettes and sweet flavour additives, and advertising and marketing of tobacco products to young people. The Tobacco Control Act also forbids the promotion of tobacco company names for sporting, musical or other social activities and for teams and entrants in those events, as well as the sale or delivery of products such as caps and tee shirts with tobacco brand names, logos or messages. However, some limitations on product ads have been successfully contested in the courts.
The enhanced awareness of the cumulative impact of environmental, socioeconomic, and cultural conditions on tobacco and other drug use has resulted in a focus on initiatives that incorporate systematic, group-oriented approaches. Such a strategy addresses various processes, organisations, or networks concurrently, and utilises multiple techniques. In addition, community initiatives have several elements, which include the use of community services to affect both individual behaviour and community expectations or behaviours relevant to teenage tobacco use. This involves the participation of individuals, colleges, neighbourhood groups, churches, corporations, the public, social care and health agencies, government and law enforcement, with prevention techniques typically centred on environmental and individual behavioural improvementsADDIN CSL_CITATION {“citationItems”:[{“id”:”ITEM-1″,”itemData”:{“DOI”:”10.1136/tc.9.1.47″,”ISSN”:”09644563″,”PMID”:”10691758″,”abstract”:”Objective – To provide a comprehensive review of interventions and policies aimed at reducing youth cigarette smoking in the United States, including strategies that have undergone evaluation and emerging innovations that have not yet been assessed for efficacy. Data sources – Medline literature searches, books, reports, electronic list servers, and interviews with tobacco control advocates. Data synthesis – Interventions and policy approaches that have been assessed or evaluated were categorised, using a typology with seven categories (school based, community interventions, mass media/public education, advertising restrictions, youth access restrictions, tobacco excise taxes, and direct restrictions on smoking). Novel and largely untested interventions were described using nine categories. Conclusions – Youth smoking prevention and control efforts have had mixed results. However, this review suggests a number of prevention strategies that are promising, especially if conducted in a coordinated way to take advantage of potential synergies across interventions. Several types of strategies warrant additional attention and evaluation, including aggressive media campaigns, teen smoking cessation programmes, social environment changes, community interventions, and increasing cigarette prices. A significant proportion of the resources obtained from the recent settlement between 46 US states and the tobacco industry should be devoted to expanding, improving and evaluating “youth centred”” tobacco prevention and control activities.””
