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Mythic Tragedy

Hydra was a beautiful island…and then the plague came. The farmers of Hydra took great pride in their crops and livestock. Their beasts of burden were admired throughout the land because of the highest quality of health they possessed. So naturally, it came as a shock when the first oxen were discovered dead lying in the plains. Suspicions arose as to the cause of their sudden deaths. Many physicians analyzed the dead carcasses, but found no abnormalities in the slain animals.

Then little by little, more farmers began to lose their cattle to the same irrational disease. It was thought that by quarantining the animals from the general population, the growth infection could be controlled, seeing as how the farmer’s centurion population had been not noticeably been infected. But those who had been assigned as caretakers of the remaining flocks, which had dwindled to a handful, began to exhibit certain behavioral changes.

Their tempers were quickly ignited, and they were prone to violent bouts. But with the continuing intermingling of the caretakers amongst the general population, the entire centurion fellowship began to erode. Fights were started, family structure began to break down, yet the cause of such sporadic violence and societal degradation was still indecisive. Many who had seen the effects of the contamination fled the so-called safety of the clan of centurions, only to be hunted down by the psychologically changed centurions. One was fortunate enough to make it to the sure after capture and severe torture…beaten almost to the point of death he struggled toward the coast, freeing a boat from the docks used for various trades in agriculture.

In an effort to escape the wanton bloodshed and demoralized culture now becoming rampant in his once beloved home land the lost centurion wrecked his boat on the shores of Anelis. Stumbling upon the rocky cliffs, the waves pummeling his weakened body, he hears the sounds of life…ever so faintly. As the battered escapee dragged himself along through the dense forest, toward the strange noises he hears, he fears for his own life. These new trees, this surrounding, it was all very disconcerting. He grew fearful for his own life. What creatures inhabited this strange island? Of what mind set were the creatures? Were they a race of tranquil and gentle beings? Or were they savages, incapable of feelings of mercy and kindness?

Where they prone to the same ravaged warfare that had ransacked the home he was now fleeing? The sudden rush of anxiety flooded the bruised explorers mind as he pressed on in his sojourn toward the signs of habitation. Finally the creature finally decided to rest, for it was beginning to get dark, and the two moons where completely shielded by clouds. The gods must have frowned upon him. He thought best to continue the search by land in the day, when he would have the security of the light to shine upon his misguided footsteps in this new world. The first sign of light beamed through and opening in the canopy of trees and awakened the traveler. He quickly scrambled to his feet and continued his odyssey. Then suddenly the forest seemed to open and strange structures appeared…they were tall, extremely elegant, and seemingly impenetrable.

There were figures moving around in the village doing what seemed to be everyday chores. The tired journeyer stumbled toward the outwardly peaceable beings that stood upon two legs and wore garments of fur. Upon seeing this burdened soul who was obviously stricken with many blows, a female of the village felt pity and as the custom of their people she aided the creature to her dwelling. There she dressed his wounds and nursed him back to health. In the comfort of the courtesy extended to him the centurion finally rested. No questions where asked of his condition or how he had come to the island of Hydros from his far away home until he had fully recuperated from his injuries. He regaled a group of these oversized-bipeds with the heroic tale of his escape from his home. He had been welcomed into the fold of these new creatures with hospitality and concern.

Now stories of his tale had reached far and wide, to the far north of the island and as far south as the south shore. Even to the ears of Obelix, the mightiest of the giants. Stories of the giants valiance was known to every man woman and child. Stories of how he had slain the evil five-headed serpent, and of how he made a border of rock to barricade the city from pending doom when Mount Olvius had erupted were as common as bed time stories to children. He had become a legend before he was even 345 years old…which was relatively young. Obelix traveled from his home to the central part of the island to here of the tale himself. Upon hearing of the sudden change in the attitudes of a calm nation of people Obelix became outraged, for he knew of the cause. It was very well known to him that this was no rare disease or contamination. To Obelix the cause was plain and simple.

There was only one being capable of such atrocities. Bronte. Obelix turned to leave but vowed to end the cause of such a violent and evil plot. He girded his loins with a sword and his back with a quiver and took his bow in hand and set out to locate this island. The centurion asked to travel along seeing as his home was becoming only a memory to him. Hesitantly he allowed the traveler to return home with him. He proved useful in mapping out the land for Obelix. After reaching the island of Hydros, Obelix asked the centurion to remain at bay with the boat and he consented.

Knowing of Brunte’s powers he knew he had to be near by, and the fact that he was coming unaware had given him an advantage over his opponent. See Obelix was also a skilled hunter veered by many. In searching the land he found a certain cave, but the cave wasn’t normal. It seemed to have not been a cave made by nature, and it wasn’t. This cave had been created as an observatory, and Obelix knew by whom. He also knew that at this point Brunte was aware of his presence. Obelix pulled his sword from its sheath and carefully entered the cave. All at once a force beyond his knocked him to into a wall almost knocking his sword from his grip. “Good to see you too brother!” Obelix said as he lunged at the identical figure, and a fierce battle erupted between the two giants. Swords clashed, blows were exchanged and all at once the ground shook. “Why won’t you let these mortals be?” Obelix grit his teeth after landing a blow to his evil counterpart. “Why do u care?” grunted Brunte after swing his sword “They’re nothing to us.

We have the power to control there thoughts, why should I deny myself the pleasure of a game or two!!!” In fast lunge Brunte fashioned himself on the end of a pointed blade, dashing thru his stomach. “Because I won’t let you. We are not the beast we used to be. I am not going to allow your craving for death harm the beings of this frail planet. You will not win!” The sword then found its way thru the chest of Brunte releasing his mental hold over all the evil he had controlled. Returning to the boat, he boarded with someone a solemn attitude for he had killed his own brother. Upon reaching the shore he looked back once more to bid his fallen sibling farewell.

His new companion looked at his wounds but his scars seemed to be not as external as Obelix let off. Something still felt weird to him. He had a chill as if something was different with Obelix, the sorrow of killing changed him, but all he did was kill an evil entity. So what was wrong? The sail back was long and tiring. Not much talking occurred and conversation was kept to a minimum. Obelix had been in a world of pain his arm had several gashes…and his torso contained many stab wounds. Obelix waited patiently to return home to eat the fruit of the Jifi tree. Its healing abilities where remarkable, although it left a smell that forbade contact for at least 3 days. The centurion reflected on all that Obelix had trained him in along the journey there. The mind protection techniques, the various telekinesis abilities along with many battle skills where learned. He doubted that he would ever need to use them but the telekinesis had come in handy with the steering of the craft.

It was mentally tiring. When land was within sight he awakened Obelix. The shore was lined with many villagers. There hands were filled with many gifts, foods of all sorts and wine. The centurion docked the boat, and went through the procedures that were customary to make sure the boat wouldn’t drift away. The crowd welcomed him home with opened arms but the tired warriors dragged his bow and quiver behind him and continued walking toward the mountain top, where he lived. He ached inconsolably. Obelix’s aids came to assist him but he turned them away. The confused men and women servant left his living quarters wondering about the change in his attitude. Meanwhile back in the cave the body of a fallen warrior stirred, slowing climbing the ruins of a destroyed lair.

Struggling to make it out of the cave and back to the shore line of Hydros…and back to his home, of Anelis. His brother had been slick in taking his identity, and leaving him there to perish, but foolish enough to leave him alive. Brunte made the same error that Obelix had…and that was to show mercy. The humane feelings of kindness had become unneeded in battle, but they were brothers after all, identical since birth. So naturally the switch would be easy, and with the abilities to read minds all that was needed was a quick scan of his mind and all knowledge would be transferred easily and with no problems he should be able to memorize it. Obelix knew this fact very well. He also knew that he had to make it back home and expose the wicked scoundrel. He staggered along the forest grasping trees for support. From the ravaged townships of the fallen centurions he gathered supplies…for he knew in his weakened condition he would be no match for his brother.

Brunte had no doubt begun healing himself from the fruitage. Cursed thief!!! Back on Anelis, Brunte disguised as Obelix, maintained a certain distance from the people…studying them learning of there traditions and behaviors. In a sharp pain as if someone stabbed him Brunte sat up…he quickly realized his predicament. His brother would come back if he didn’t die, and…HE DIDN’T!!! He could sense his brothers’ life energy as if he were in the very next room. How could this have happen? He dealt him a mortal wound that left him unconscious and bleeding. Brunte at once began preparing himself for he knew that if the gods would allow his return he would certainly battle him again…and he was in no where near ready to fight.

The centurion had noticed certain things about Obelix that weren’t normal though. He didn’t seem as open as he had at one time. More often than not he preferred the company of solitude. Back on the island of Hydros some of the older centurions who had survived the dark days had taken care of Obelix teaching him various techniques. Many skills, different abilities anything he could pick up. One particular gift he learned was the ability to conceal himself mentally…which went hand in hand with his dematerializing techniques. When he was strong enough Obelix left the island on boat…he had devised a plan in which to fool his brother. Along the journey back he had run into the rocks. Brunte which had been in deep meditation in order to prepare and keep an eye on his brother had been watching this…sensing his brothers despair and evident demise he relaxed.

Rejoicing in the fact that his opposing brother Obelix could no longer oppose his reign of evil, he allowed his meditation to calm down. Then suddenly he felt another sharp burst of pain but this time it was physical. To his sudden shock it was his deceased brother. But how? He felt his presence leave…he felt him die. “Don’t worry my ill fated brother…your end will not be in this manner.” Obelix looked upon his deceitful other with utter hatred. After seeing first hand the lost of life on the island of Hydros, he no longer felt the pity he had at their previous encounter. “Touch my hand and we will leave this place, we will go to a place of seclusion where we can finish this fight of ours away from the people here.” Brunte searched his brothers mind and heart and found no deception…no secrets. “Fine…brother…let us leave these mortals and battle as gods were meant too!” Upon touching Obelix hand Brunte felt his physical being depart…but his mental consciousness remained intact.

When his body completed its reconstruction he stood and released his sword from its container. Obelix unhooked his quiver and threw it to the wayside along with his bow. His sacred sword was released from a shield that he placed down. “Fare thee well, my blood brother!!” In an effort to commence the battle Brunte lunged at his brother with all his might barely missing his opponents’ ear, and ducking so as to avoid the counter swing delivered by Obelix. Obelix ran and jumped off a tree trump over his stunned enemy and swung downwards but Brunte had already moved and slashed at his brother.

“You have improved but your abilities are still limited…Obelix!!!” Brunte grunted this words as Obelix sword grazed his shoulder cutting his garments. Out of anger Brunte swung his blade as hard as he could at Obelix missing his neck but freeing his sword from his hand, and at the same time shattering his own. Brunte then dove at Obelix and the battle continued thus forth without blades…a series of blows landed on Obelix as he kicked Brunte toward a rock embedded in the ground knocking him through a hollow in the ground. Obelix jumped underground and followed his assailant into this cave and a super fast exchange of hits and kicks were shown out with great dexterity but then the rage of the fallen centurion triggered a transformation and a set of wings sprouted from Obelix’s back and he grew in speed and strength.

Simultaneously Brunte’s jealousy and anger in his brothers’ goodness triggered a similar transformation. The two took flight and the cave began to quake with the new fighting commenced among gods…one of evil and one of good. After continuous blows it became very clear that Obelix power far surpassed and in a last effort Brunte tried to kill his brother by surprise…but failed. In turn Obelix grabbed Brunte by the throat holding him over a bottomless pit in the cave and finding his sword vowed to end his tyranny. “Brother no please DON’T!!!!” His pleads fell on death ears and the mighty lunged the sword through his brothers heart, “YOUR BLOODSHED ENDS THIS VERY NIGHT!!!!!!!!”

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Leadership Reflection Paper

Name

Institutional Affiliation

Date

My Worldview

I believe in effectiveness, in learning, and in creating connections that are meaningful. I also believe that increasing my spirituality helps in boosting my individual characteristics that relate to patience, self-awareness, kindness, and self-acceptance. I believe in God, not necessarily religious, but I believe in something greater than myself. I am drawn more towards the Christian teachings on life. These teachings have a moral and ethical basis, similar to rules and regulations that govern a society. In my journey as a leader, the belief in God and Christian teachings allow me to be more flexible, to learn, to accept situations, to be wise, to adapt, and to be understanding. I also found that spirituality gives confidence regarding issues and situations that are outside of my control.

I understand people as assets, essential components that influence the direction of an individual not just as a leader but generally as a human. I agree with Lips-Wiersma and Mills (2014) that the human nature is one of several factors that dictate who we become. Humans are an essential part of the environment that shapes people. Therefore, people are profoundly important. People change or create cultures, form institutions, and together form a chain that creates interdependence. Understanding people and their nature gives critical insight into how to treat them, as a leader or a follower. Knowing these human issues means that one understands what it entails to belong to a society. Moral actions, ethics, and normative pursuit is integral to how we relate with each other. Overall, I think people are interconnected and always available towards ensuring progress of a societal structure.

I believe that the most important aspects of life are integrity, responsibility, and hope. Just like there are primary colors that create every other shade, I believe that the core values of integrity, hope, and responsibility give rise to every other value including honesty, courage, faithfulness, service, freedom, honor, trust, kindness, growth, love, appreciation, and patience, and so on. Integrity is all about walking the talk. Moorman and Grover (2009) define it as speaking and acting as per one’s beliefs and convictions. An agreement between actions and words breeds consciousness in everything one is tasked to do. Responsibility is an obligation or a burden placed on an individual. Being responsible means that one embraces their role and is both dependable and reliable in executing it. Hope is more spiritual; it allows one to look forward to situations with reasonable confidence and desire. In the spiritual realm, hope is used to mean confident expectation, strength, and faith that something will happen. It allows difficult tasks and situations to be handled with relative confidence. Combined, these three values allow me to live my life with ease. They are my guiding principles and influence every decision I make.

Leadership Philosophy

I firmly perceive leadership as a combination of different strategies and approaches depending on the situation and the environment. Nonetheless, I am more attracted to the transformational leader. In the transformational leadership approach, the leader is driven by a desire to improve. The main mode of operation is to empower team members as a way of streamlining and improving upon conventions (Buil, Martinez, & Matute, 2019). I think this approach suits almost every organization and business regardless of size and structure. Focusing on the big picture and believing on the people as opposed to strict management and control is more effective in getting individuals to be creative, to show initiative and commitment, and to be participative in the process of driving an organization forward. I am also driven to include participation as a part of the leadership style. Participation allows team members and followers to contribute towards the decision-making process. I find this helpful because it brings in input from people working on the ground, maybe in the field, on a project, or line managers, who would otherwise be excluded from the decision-making structure and process. I believe people want to see strong leaders who are focused on an end goal. A leader is supposed to set a target, create objectives, and then work towards getting these targets met. For example, a visionary leader who wants to transform an organization to compete with companies doing exceptionally well must articulate this to every team member. It is important that followers also feel valued. Therefore, participation and involvement are some of the aspects that make the transformational leadership style one of the most effective in leading people.

Worldview and Leadership Perspectives

I would like to be a leader in one of the Charitable Foundations in the future. I am confident that this will allow me to invest back on the people, to contribute positively to society, and to ensure that I use my leadership skills to drive a cause that is beneficial to mankind. I would be a transformational leader because I would be focused on changing how organizations interact with the people. I have a firm belief that people are assets and should always be treated as such. By being a leader in a charitable organization, I would lead others to changing their views on those that are disadvantaged in the society. I would change the capitalistic narrative that those that have less are lazy. It would give me a platform to create a new corporate culture, one that invests in the people, follows ethicality and moral views, and genuinely sets out to make life better for others in different situations. As a transformational leader, I would aim to not only transform charitable organizations but also be part of a new narrative in helping people and organizations to interact better.

References

Buil, I., Martínez, E., & Matute, J. (2019). Transformational leadership and employee

performance: The role of identification, engagement and proactive personality. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 77, 64-75.

Lips-Wiersma, M., & Mills, A. J. (2014). Understanding the basic assumptions about human

nature in workplace spirituality: Beyond the critical versus positive divide. Journal of Management Inquiry, 23(2), 148-161.

Moorman, R. H., & Grover, S. (2009). Why does leader integrity matter to followers? An

uncertainty management-based explanation. International journal of leadership studies, 5(2), 102-114.

MYTHOLOGY

Mythology has had lasting effects on the influence of our society in numerous ways. Western Culture has a relationship to its parent Greek and Roman culture. Mythology contains the basic questions the western civilization has been posing for more than two thousand years. The fantasy element of mythology allows for flexible learning. Though out history there have been many attempts to explain the cultures in the universe. Nearly every individual has his or her own perception of what our universe is. Now in the modern times we live in, advanced scientific knowledge has led us to the assumption that we have a trustworthy grasp on how the universe works. Language, chemistry and physics, along with mathematics, make up the science we use to prove the questions of the universe. Any person educated in these fields will state they know our universe. A person in any of these fields has had to touch base with the origins of the universe. When we examine past cultures as far back as history will allow us, we are forced to recognize the symbolic similarities in language, ideologies, and heroism.

I will reveal to you some of these similarities in regarding to our modern language, present ideologies, and the heroism within our societies. We now are using names and symbols from as far back as 800 B.C.E. (Homer) to relate ideas to each other.

We acquire these names and symbols from the mythological stories we hear about now. Let us come to a clear understanding of what the words myth and mythology mean today. Webster’s Dictionary has this: The collected body or system of the traditions or legends of people in which are embodied in their beliefs concerning their origin, gods, heroes, etc.; the science of myths; a treatise on myths. Webster says a myth is a legend; poetic fiction; a fabulous narrative founded on some event; especially in the early existence of people, and embodying their gods, natural phenomena. The terms myth and mythological often carry with them negative or untrue meanings.

The myths and sages we can read about hold powerful traditional stories that cultures have used and have passed down to unfold their own explanation of the universe a couple of thousand years before there were the theories of science. We now have created what some would consider to be a modern day myth of god creating the world in seven days and thus creating a world of science for us to explore. The myths we read of with the Titans has its own explanations for the creation of the universe. The Titans in myths are the family of giants born of Uranus and Gaea and who rule the earth until overthrown by the Olympian Gods. Though our imagination struggles to even begin to believe these myths we use them in relation to our modern day happenings with each other every day. ******************************************

We tend to use the name of characters from myths as words in our modern vocabulary in relation to the character’s personality for definition. Take Tantalus for example, he was an immortal character who that fed his son to the gods and in return was sent to Hades where he was placed in a pool of water up to his neck, and fruits hung from a tree above him out of his reach. Tantalus was punished with always having his food slightly above his lips and water just out of his tongue’s reach. We now know the word ‘tantalize’ in our vocabulary carrying the meaning of keeping in sight but out of reach.

In myth, Mnemosyne was the goddess of memory. We now use the word mnemonics to refer to the study of memory. Then there was Hypnos, who was the god of sleep, relating to the word hypnosis we use to mean a sleep like state. The echo in our vocabulary means the repetition of sound, when read in myths Echo refers to the character who could only repeat the last word. AT LAST there is the character Atlas would held the world on his shoulders, and we use Atlas to refer to a book of maps. Odyssey meaning an adventure or journey comes from the classical Greek myth by Homer, the Odyssey. The hero Odysesseus is returning from the Trojan War, it takes him nine long years, where along the way he has a multitude of adventures, from the Lotus Eaters to Cyclops.

A person who is always lucky is said to have the ‘Midas touch’ stemming from one of the most famous tales of King Midas who was granted the wish that everything he touched turned to gold. However, he soon realized that he could not eat or drink, or even hug his daughter. We use the word Lesbian to refer to a women who is homosexual. Again coming from the Greek mythology, based on a legend of a Greek island of Lesbos. When it is hot outside you may here someone say “it is as hot as Hades today”, referring Hades the ruler of the underworld. Do you ever ask someone to stop ‘harping’ on you, well the word harp actually originates from the animals in myths called Harpies. The Harpies are winged womanly creatures who constantly snatch the food and drink from Phineus.

You can see through these examples we have carried the personalities of mythological characters through out our definitions of modern day English. Much of the modern day scientific discoveries have carried on the meaning behind traditional myths.

The Planets of our solar system have been named after great mythological gods. Pluto being the God of the underworld is the planet furthest from the sun. Neptune, god of the sea, is the eighth planet from the sun. Uranus the father of the Titans is the seventh planet from the sun. Saturn god of agriculture and father of Jupiter in the sixth planet from the sun. Mars who in myth is the god of war is the forth planet from the sun. Venus, who represented the great goddess of love is the second planet from the sun. Mercury, god of merchandise, trade and theft, also known as the closet planet to the sun.

We have even named constellations of the stars after mythological characters, such as the constellation Hercules which sits between Opiuchus and Draco. The inner most moon of Saturn is named after the strongest of the Gods Atlas; who was supposedly punished for his part int revolt against the Olympians by being forced to hold the world upon his shoulders for an eternity. The brightest group of stars in the constellation of Cassiopeia is named Cassiopeia Chair, for the distinct outline of a chair.

Hephaestus created the mythological character Pandora, whom he gave to Epimetheus along with a box in Prometheus had confined all the evils of the world. Pandora opened the forbidden box and this released into the world all the troubles of mankind. Science now knows Pandora to mean one of the nine satellites of the planet Saturn. Prometheus, who in myth was punished by Zeus for giving fire to man is also known to science as a satellite around Saturn.

Now we have seen the relationship between myth and science, let us explore some other ways our society incorporates the meanings and personalities of mythology into our everyday living. Companies have realized the power of these mythological characters and the great heroism the carry behind their names, thus they have put this to use for advertising purposes.

Majority of use has or have had some type of Nike apparel. The Nike name originated from the goddess of victory named, Nike. The Nike company is attempting to tap into women’s inner deity. As part of their marketing strategy to target women, Nike has created nikegoddess.com to be followed by Nike Goddess Magazine. Ever ate a ‘Mars’ candy bar while viewing a movie produced by ‘Orion’ films. Looking for a new vehicle with historical meaning try a Saturn, Aurora, or a Mercury. Even some of our basic household items have picked up on the revelation of mythological marketing, referring to products such as Ajax, the cleaner, also know a character from myths.

Lets look at some ideologies that have survived thousands of years. A couple falling head over heals in love for each other might be referred to as being struck by cupids arrow. Cupid was the God of erotic love, when struck with his arrow you were cursed to fall in love with and long for the next person you saw. Today the tendon that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone is called the Achilles tendon, also referring to a small but dangerous weakness is known as the “Achilles heel”. This dating back to the greatest warrior in the Greek war against the Trojans, Achilles. As an infant Achilles was dipped in the River Styx, which in turn made him invulnerable everywhere expect the heel by which she held him. You may refer to things being chaotic or in chaos, meaning disorderly or extreme confusion. According to the Latin poet Ovid, chaos represented the disorder before the gods.

A myth about two monsters by the names of Scylla and Charybdis, who were situated in the Strait of Messina to trap sailors between them. Caught between Scylla and Charybdis is a phrase that has come to mean being stuck between two equal alternatives, neither of which can be passed without encountering the other, commonly known for being caught between a rock and a hard place. The modern band ‘Police’ have a song, ‘Wrapped around your finger’ that contains in it lyrics a referral to Scylla and Charybdis.

“You consider me the young apprentice

Caught between the Scylla and Charybdis

And I know how it feels to be weakened like Achilles

With you at my heals” The band Indigo Girls in their song “Ghost” say

To bring your heart back to my island” This verse is referring to the Helen of Troy, who is said to have been so beautiful that her abduction was the cause of the Trojan War, which in turn led to the launching of a thousand ships.

The idea of modern Olympics came from the archeological discoveries at Olympia during the ninth century, but the Olympics in ancient timers was more local. There idea was to have an event in replace of War. It obviously did not work considering the twentieth century we had the worse wars ever. The ancient Greeks also had a torch, the winner would light the torch on the altar. The marathon race is based on the run during the Persian Wars to announce the victory at Marathon in 490 B.C.E.

Though languages change over time; the relation between time and language should be obvious to all of us. If we listen to radio and tv programs recorded thirty or forty years ago, we notice differences in the choice of words, in sentence structure and even in pronunciation, but seldom will find a word’s definition to be altered. The lessons of Myths need not be forgotten but they must be handled with care to maximize their intended benefit. When a flaming bush speaks to a character in a story, we must not be tempted to take this literally. As seas become parted, dragons slain, witched reduced to puddles and water turned to wine, we must realize that these stories have guided and set social mores for societies for more than two thousand years.

This is the Works Cited section of your paper.

Bibliography:

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Students Name

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Classical music has various musical forms that include themes and variations, Rondo, symphony and the sonata (Adorno,2018). From refers to the arrangement of the sections within a piece of music. Theme and variations are a common type of the classical music where the entire song is based on a theme. A theme can be a group of small phrases that are added up to make a complete musical idea. A theme is presented in the beginning while the rest of the music consists of the variations of the main theme, and the variations can be identified through the change of tempo, pitch texture, tonality as well as the overall emotional expressions. During composition, a composer may choose to apply one or several manipulations. An example of theme and variation music form is that of the ‘Ah Vous dirai-je, maman’ composed by Mozart and consists of 12 variations.

Symphony is another form of Classical music (Reich,2017). The structure of the symphony has four movements. The first movement (Allegro) that is fast and in sonata form, the second movement (Adagio) is slow, the third movement (Menuetto) is dance like while the fourth movement is (Allegro) is fast. An example of the symphony is the work of Mozart, symphony number 41 in C Major. The other form of classical music is the Sonata which is a more complex version (Burnham,2017). The Sonata has several sections with each of the sections having a specific name and purpose. The first section is the exposition that introduces the themes that are often two and forms the basis of the entire movement. The second section is the development, concentrating on the themes that were presented in the first section, and the primary purpose is manipulation of the theme in several ways. The recapitulation is the third section and is a restatement of the entire exposition with the second them appearing at the pitch level of the home key rather than in a different key as for the case in exposition (Swinkin,2017). An example of the Sonata form of classical music is the work of Ludwig Van Beethoven References

Adorno, T. W. (2018). Beethoven: The philosophy of music. John Wiley & Sons.

Burnham, S. (2017). Beethoven’s Hero. In Beethoven (pp. 13-44). Routledge.

Reich, M. (2017). Subtle Irony in Personal Growth: Beethoven and Prokofiev’s” Classical” Symphonies.

Swinkin, J. (2017). About a Key: Tonal Reference in Beethoven’s Sonata-Form Works. The Journal of Musicology, 34(4), 515-558.

Classification and division paper

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Classifying the Different Types of People at a Specific Type of Party

When well defined, a party signifies a gathering of individuals for the purposes of recreation, socialization, conversation, as part of other commemoration, or as part of a festival or celebration of a special occasion. A party will generally have food and drinks, and time and again music and dancing and many other forms of entertainment. In most Western nations, parties for adults and teens are associated with taking alcohol such as distilled spirits, beer, and wine. One of the examples of parties is a dinner party. It is a formal social congregation upon which individuals take dinner together, commonly in the host’s personal home. A buffet of food is offered on the table for at least formal dinner parties, and the visitors pick kinds of stuff from the buffet and eat as they mingle and talk. In most formal dinner parties, food is served at a dining table with a place setting. Women might wear cocktail dresses.

Another type of party is the birthday party. They are designed for the most unforgettable time of a child and adult. It happens to be a celebration of the anniversary of the birth of an individual who is honored. People normally wear different types of clothes. Some might wear a common dressing code attire for uniformity, like an all-white dressing code. A tea party is also a type of another party. In Anglo-American culture, a tea party is an official assembly for midafternoon tea. The tea is accompanied by cookies, thin sandwiches, and cake slices. These bashes are conventionally attended only by women and commonly categorized by striking tableware, such as silver and bone china. The last type of party is a pool party. It is a party that includes activities like in a swimming pool for individuals. It can be a wild and wet time if kids are invited to the party. It is always enjoyable gathering with friends to have fun during the hot summer periods.

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Date

My Writing Experience

Writing has always played a significant part in my life. Learning something new can be undoubtedly tricky, and I can relate this with my writing experience. Since I was a small kid, I can comfortably state that I have always had great interest and awareness regarding writing. As a kid, I had a smooth experience of learning because of the eminence of teaching and support that I was receiving from my family members particularly my father. Initially, I started writing by drawing simple objects and symbols which I could later name afterward. I can remember very well my father teaching me how to write by giving me a draft book and then asking me to write about some simple topics like “My Family,” “My Pet,” and I seemed to enjoy the whole process. In the start, there were some struggles while writing for example like coming up with a complete sentence. Moreover, my grammar and vocabulary were poor, but with time, my writing skills were significantly improving.

It was during the early education that I achieved to sharpen my writing skills and this played a significant role in my life. Therefore, all the support that I received provided a good ground for me in learning first the reading and writing basics of the English language. The support made my learning to seem more manageable, and thus I had enough time to relish writing about anything that fascinated me outside my school work as well as handling the tasks that were set in front of me.

The availability of many reading and writing materials at home, as well as my passion for writing, made me grow up being a creative child. I stopped writing funny essays about my parents, friends, and pets and started writing things like becoming a superman and building robots. I could read or watch a movie and then write down small writing concerning the content and later come up with my piece. I could feel like I was living outside of this world as most of the time I experienced some strange imaginations. I liked reading and writing real fiction as well as some stuff of fantasy that could make my mind stray from realism. This kind of stuff made kept my spirit alive, and I enjoyed it. The nature of pictures that I was able to put into my mind made me think and therefore I continued to write. When my mother saw my writings, she was shocked and said that I was too young for writing such content and she saw it a strange thing. However, my father always had my back. He continued bringing more materials to read and as he said he saw a great author in me.

After joining I school, things became even more interesting. My school library was stocked with many books, and I never imagined setting my foot there possibly because of shyness. One day I decided to visit the library during my free time while carrying my notebook and pen which I never left behind while going into an important place. Inside the library, I felt in a different world. The place was terrific, and the books were well placed. There was a serene environment, and everybody was busy with their stuff, some reading while others were writing. My attention was caught by the book entitled “Harry Potter” on one of the shelves. I decided to read the first pages of the book before the library time was over.

The story was about a young boy named Harry Potter who lived with his wand-wielding friends at the time of witchcraft and wizardry. The book had an epic story such that I could not control myself from further reading while down some important notes. I thought this was the most astonishing book in the whole world. The book had the most delightful sparky pictures. This experience made me start thinking about how I could come up with such a beautiful story and put it into writing. This increased my interest in writing, and therefore I started coming up with some short, fascinating epic stories which I could read in front of my classmates.

However, I feel that my interest, as well as my desire to write, grew once I reached middle school. There before I used to read a lot with some little writing but in middle school, we were required to write some stories for a test. Our English teacher was so encouraging, and she supported us where necessary. Her proficiency in the language made to see her as my mentor. I used to go to her for assistance, and she would give me some topics and articles to write about where she later corrected me where I was wrong. She demanded a one hundred percent score from me in her subject and most of the time I gave out my best my emerging to be the top student. She encouraged me to keep writing as she saw I had a great passion for it.

Presently I enjoy writing a lot since it consents me to express my feelings, establish my beautiful thoughts and to study information. Consequently, writing helps me to get my beliefs as well as opinions out in the open. I feel like I can write about anything that have ever crossed up my mind. Writing has helped me not only in school work but also in communication. As a form of communication I can write some nice speeches and articles that can be advantageous both at individual and national level. Thus I tend to be very obsessive about literacy since I regard both writing and reading as the basis of learning as well as finding oneself. I consider writing as my talent and I feel like I can write forever.

Myers Briggs Analysis

Name

Institutional Affiliation

Introduction

A person’s personality type plays a critical role in their communication and management style. It identifies how best this person interacts with their coworkers as well as interactions with people in their social circles. The personality type in this case is based on the Myers/Briggs analysis and is then compared with the communication and managements styles available to pinpoint on the ones that work best in this regard. The writer will detail their appropriate personality type, alongside the communication and management style identified. 83

Body

The writer found that there are three personality types that stand out following the Myers Briggs analysis. These are INFJ – the counselor, ISFJ – the protector, and ENFJ – the teacher. The first type identifies the creativity and dedication to helping others; the second type identifies compassion, care, and practicality of a person; and the third type identifies a person’s organization capabilities on top of being a humanitarian (Truity, 2020). The writer’s communication style, as can be identified from their experiences, is a combination of the passive-aggressive style and the assertive style. There is a balance of situations through which there might be a difficulty in communicating their feelings while there are times when they are clear in what they want, with the latter applicable in open communication environments and the former applicable in restrictive environments.

On this note, the writer uses the assertive communication style in their investment of time and resources into trying to help out others with their difficulties and to the best of their ability. They will forego having their needs met just to see the meeting of the needs of others. At the same time, they are motivated to lead others in having their goals met through strategic means. In this case, therefore, the writer applies a combination of affiliative and strategic management styles through delegation of work to help spread out the work for other goals to be met while they are happy to lend a hand when needed to do so (Sling Team, n.d.). As the protector, they combine passive-aggressive and assertive styles where the former is present when they feel that there is too much pressure placed on them to act as needed but with a lot of restrictions, resorting to subtle complaints (VIP, 2019). The latter is present when they consider the traditional way of doing things works right while trying to provide care for others, especially when they are in a sad state. As the counselor, the assertive style of communication comes in handy since they are able to hold the hands of those who require assistance in understanding situations as well as helping those who are in difficulty and in dire need. This is how the personality types identified shape and will shape the writer’s communication and management styles, when needing with others.

Conclusion

To summarize, the writer understands that the personality type is defining of the communication and management style that they practice. On this note, therefore, a protective, counseling, and teaching personality style works well with the combination of assertive and passive-aggressive communication styles, and the combination of affiliative and strategic management styles. This is dependent on the environment and situation in which the writer operates.

References

Sling Team. (N.D.). 10 Types Of Management Styles For Effective Leadership. Sling. https://getsling.com/blog/types-of-management-styles/Truity. (2020, Jun 29). The TypeFinder Personality Test. Truity. https://www.truity.com/personality-test/17335/test-results/22301084VIP, U. The four basic styles of communication. University of Kentucky Violence Intervention and Prevention Centre [Online]. Available at https://www. uky. edu/hr/sites/www. uky. edu. hr/files/wellness/images/Conf14_FourCommStyles. pdf (Accessed 10 July 2019).

Q1.

Classic political economists believed that the value attached to a commodity is directly related the labour that was put up in production of the same commodity. This is later expounded that labour in its own unchanging value is the real and ultimate measure for value in the current world and this value may be showed by, the amount of money paid for the commodity which is pointed out as the nominal value of the same (Milios, Dimoulis, & Economakis, 2018). The real value of the labour however maybe met by difficulty in valuing the actual effort that went into the production process since some of the labour is more skilled and experienced than others. In spite of this, the Economist argue that the difference brought out here is later balanced within the “haggling and bargaining” nature of the market which tends to correct the true value of the labour (Kurz, 2010). Haggling and Bargaining nature of the market as discussed above comes out in terms of many other factors related to the production process, and which are overlooked by Adam Smith in his definition. These factors attributed to production include the land rates or the rent value to the landlords, the depreciation value on all capital good used in the process, The cost of supplies made during production, The cost of raw materials and Economical factors such as the rate of inflation during the period of production. Adam Smith, David Ricardo and Karl Marx related the labour time value in the production process to the final value of the exchange value articulated to the final product because they made their reference to the simplest form of production. These Economists failed to give a deeper evaluation to a large scale production process in which many production factors come into play (Milios, Dimoulis, & Economakis, 2018). These factors are in direct or indirect association to the production process and affect the cost of production subsequently. Socially necessary labour is the current labour effort required to produce a given output whereas socially average time is the given labour time necessary to give a given output. These are fields used to define the labour used in the production process. They involve the magnitude and time value of the labour used.

Q2.

Marx and Schumpeter showed that what really set of the difference and made firms stand out in promotion of capitalism is the firm’s ability to have access to better technology, better suppliers and better firm organisational plans. This ability, as pointed out by Marx and Schumpeter, strikes at the margins of the firm foundation directly and impacts the very lives of these firms (Phillimore, 2001). Marx explained that the idea of competition as an “external coercive law,” which imposes capital logic over the individual and the overall society, (Giulio, 2017). It can be expressed as the basic improvement of the production process to cut cost and increase profits on sales. This description points out that competition within firms in the capitalist Economy, is affected by a number of factors and the same factors are in direct affiliation with the single individuals and the general community. These parties are the main reason for the creation of reproduction classes within the economy and emergence of some resultant economic factors. Marx also suggests that the competition tendency of the firms may accrue to the natural nature of human beings to compete against each other (Phillimore, 2001). From this argument we deduce that the different managements in different firms within the economy are in constant assessment of the other and in formulation of strategies meant to gain an upper hand advantage to the other. Schumpeter on the other hand, argues with the theory model of “Creative Destruction”. He explains this as the tendency of the new businesses to replace the old one in the economic setting. This theory is held by the dynamic nature of the general economy. Dynamism of the economy leads to the continuous change of the rules applied in the business environment. Schumpeter’s capital argument was meant to portray the way the economy is structured, and the characteristics of the structure which resulted to a self-consumption nature of the economy leading to a continuous replacement of older business. The older businesses were forced to exit the economy due to the difficulty to cope with the strengths brought by the new businesses that have entered the economy carrying with-them new methods that are way more efficient.

Q3.

Ernest Mandel argues that the rate of profit in the monopoly sector is limited by and dependent on the production of surplus value in the competitive sector (Mandel, 1967). He explained the dynamics of crisis and uneven development in the concept of surplus profit in Marxist economic model. According to Mandel, inequalities, crises, wars, mass poverty, majority oppression, and perversion through fascism are not external disturbances, accidents, nor temporary interruptions but logical and natural expressions of the free market (Freeman, 1996). In his observation, Mandel suggested that capitalism is relatively unstable and dependent on surplus value in the free market economy. He observed this based on the movement of capital, labour, and the limits to equalization of different profit rates. The surplus value in question is based on the original Marx description of the surplus production in the economy expounding on the topic with some increments where he quantifies the ‘surplus’ as the general maximization of the labour output while maintaining the cost of labour maintenance and that of labour compensation constant. To ensure surplus production, Mandel shows how capitalist are involved in planned methods of prolonged working hours and wage cuts to ensure that the surplus is reached and realised (Mandel, 1967). Monopoly sector ensures there is always surplus production which maintains capital accumulation. Accumulating capital is a strategy carried out by the monopoly institution to enhance substantial growth that makes the institutions immune to failure from competitive forces.

Q4.

Guy Standing described the precariat as a neologism identification of an emerging social class consisting of people suffering directly from precarity. This social class of people are characterised with the lack of security in their material ownership and psychological well-being on the other hand, the “reserve army of labour” refers to a group of people in the society that are unemployed or their position of employment is lowly rated to the skills they carry (Grover & Piggott, 2005). A precariat is an individual or group of people in the job market whom employment mode or type is in anyway structured to be insecure (Standing, 2013). They include temporal employments and freelancers. It may also refer to the mismatch in occupational places compared to the skills possessed where the current occupation is in lower rating compared to the skills possessed. Insecurity in employment is the nature of an occupation to be seen as non-permanent and the occupants of this position are rendered to be jobless sooner or later in the future. These groups of people are in consistent worry of their employment being terminated or coming to the end date. This instils in them the tendency to prospect on the next employment opportunities and how they can access them leading to anxiety and stressful burdens on them. Insecure employment and underemployment status have greatly affected the general wellbeing of the people involved. This is both mentally and health wise. It is seen that with underemployment status the people involved happen to showcase a lot of dissatisfaction (Standing, 2013). Lack of contentment arises when one is working in a field not related to their profession or lowly rated to the set of skills at their disposal. Underemployment results such as low-income rates are a major cause of increased stress levels within the working groups (Standing, 2013). This is also evident with the class of people under the precariat jobs section. These two groups represent a mentally deprived group associated with day to day worry of termination and future expectations that are mostly unpredictable. The major reason for the introduction of insecure and under employment policies in the current corporates is to have flexibility in the labour market. Flexibility in the labour market ensures that there is always labour mobility for the corporate institutions readily available when required. It makes the market of labour work in service of the corporates preventing any struggle in labour acquiring and labour price setting.

Q6.

Labour shedding in one part of the economy means there are increased numbers of unemployed personnel in the economy. It is a situation experienced when a sector is undergoing internal difficulties that renders it unable to compensate the labour as before. When this happens the sector tends to cut off some of the employees leaving alone a number that can be effectively compensated by the sector. Labour shedding results to labour dumping in the labour market. When labour dumping occurs, there is a general increase in the number of unemployed people in the economy reducing the labour cost. Cost of labour at this point is affected negatively due to the increased number of people readily available for employment (Boeri and Keese, 1992). An increased supply of labour in the economy results to less choosy nature of the unemployed group to the jobs available. This means that people tend to refrain from being specific on the skills they possess with regard to job securing which results to people working in fields they are not necessarily skilled in for even lower wages. Therefore, when the is labour shedding in one part of the economy, the other parts gain the advantage of low cost of labour that adds up to increased profit levels in these economy parts. Mechanization in work places is a great way for lowering production cost with other production benefits (Kongolo, 2010). Adopting mechanized systems in businesses changes the general system of the business in question which results to lowering the number of employees needed in the business. The mechanized systems become the replacement for the employees working in the stations mechanized hence the firms cut off the employees replaced and with that firms cuts on the wages in the event of production mechanization. When the levels of unemployment rise in the economy it results to increased labour supply which does not match the demand of labour in place. A higher labour supply with regard to the labour demand results to lower prices on the labour value available and this is an advantage to the labour-intensive firms. These firms are able to access adequate labour at cheaper prices.

Q7.

Productivity levels in firms or organizations can be positively influenced by application of appropriate organizational structures in the institutions. The types of organizational structures adopted in a business can be vital to influencing the motivation amongst the colleagues. A well stipulated and simple-to-understand system should be put in place, which clearly shows the flow of activities within the institutions. Organizational structures adopted, defines the ability of the colleagues to be involved in effective and productive teamwork activities within the organization. It also supports effective supervision and other leadership roles supporting a well-defined workflow throughout the working period. Proper leadership is accrued to the set of skills possessed by the personnel put in the higher positions in the firms and organisations. For higher productivity the leadership in these areas should possess a morale oriented and captivating skills with which to encourage and motivate the entire workforce for maximization of their output (Soltanisehat, Alizadeh, & Mehregan, 2019). The motivating factor in leadership should also support teamwork within the workforce for a unified goal internally. Socially, leaders should be great team workers and support team working within their group too. Team working is a great tool to ensure the goals of the organisation are met. Synchronization of the entire team makes the focus remain clear to every employee, preventing deviation while promoting hardworking and determination. Organizational skills are also very critical to the success of the organization. Some of the necessary organizational skills include proper work delegation, time management skills, proper and effective communication skills and critical thinking with analytical organisation and formulation of ideas. Organisations can promote social attributes of the working team through involvement in team building functions such as retreats to help colleagues gain a good understanding of each other. These functions also serve the necessary function of helping the employees discover and reveal unknown skills and talents that may be beneficial to the entire organisation. Maintaining a healthy social interaction between employees promotes the ease to work together. Working together within colleagues maintains a smooth and productive workflow which is a great aspect to enable the organisation realise its vision and meet the goals set.

Q8.

Public goods are products or services that are available for use by all people in living and dependent to the products. These products possess the characteristics of non-rivalry and non-excludable. The non-rivalry nature of the public goods means that the goods are available in the exact working quantity in that the constant use by an individual does not reduce the product’s available quantity for the next user. The products are availed in their exact working quantity which is not subject to change upon usage by one or several individuals. Non-excludability on the other hand is the feature of the public good that prevents bias usage within individuals. All the users to this product are all equally entitled to the product usage. Therefore, no one is expected to be hindered to have access to this product. According to (Bramoullé & Kranton, 2007), the users of these products cannot be exempted to use them even when they are not able to compensate the same and the use by one person does not affect the use by another. Landmarks and facilitating infrastructure are products availed to the society by the government authorities. These products serve specific purposes in facilitating particular service within the whole population within their range of usage. The service offered by these products is highly expensive in that it makes it impossible for each individual to acquire the service themselves. With these characteristics, the products are clearly meant to be used by the entire population to become cost effective. The ownership and maintenance responsibility of these products is accrued to the government. The landmarks innovations and their facilitating infrastructure are a meant for public service in sustaining their specific service delivery to the population. They are very expensive for individual provision and maintenance, with that, the government pools the tax based capital as individual investment of every tax payer in acquiring these products. Due to the nature of every tax payer contribution, the products are publically owned making them usable by everyone without restriction from anyone. Any damage done on these products by individuals is a crime and can be charged in court making these products public goods.

References

Giulio, P., Competition: a Marxist view, Cambridge Journal of Economics, Volume 41, Issue 6, November 2017, Pages 1559–1585, https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bex006Freeman, A. (1996). Ernest Mandel’s Contribution to Economic Dynamics. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/64974/1/MPRA_paper_64974.pdf

Mandel, E. (1967). The labor theory of value and Monopoly Capitalism. International Socialist Review, 28(4), 29-42.

Kurz, H. D. (2010). Technical progress, capital accumulation and income distribution in classical economics: Adam Smith, David Ricardo and Karl Marx. The European journal of the history of economic thought, 17(5), 1183-1222.

Milios, J., Dimoulis, D., & Economakis, G. (2018). Karl Marx and the classics: An essay on value, crises and the capitalist mode of production. Routledge.

Phillimore, J. (2001). Schumpeter, Schumacher and the greening of technology. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 13(1), 23-37.

Standing, G. (2013). Defining the precariat: A class in the making. Eurozine. https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/18276/1/Defining%20the%20precariat%20Eurozine%20Apr%202013.pdfBoeri, T., & Keese, M. (1992). From labour shortage to labour shedding: labour markets in Central and Eastern Europe. Communist Economies and Economic Transformation, 4(3), 373-394.

Kongolo, M. (2010). Job creation versus job shedding and the role of SMEs in economic development. African journal of business management, 4(11), 2288-2295.

Bramoullé, Y., & Kranton, R. (2007). Public goods in networks. Journal of Economic theory, 135(1), 478-494.

Classical Argument Outline

Introduction

General sentence about topic: There are many diseases that can be treated or even cured with organ transplants, but these donors need to be donated by willing donors.

Linking sentence: There is a high demand for organs to be donated, but disproportionately fewer available donors.

Thesis Statement: The sale of human organs should be illegal because it promotes human trafficking, black markets for organs, and it is also unethical.

Body Paragraph 1

Topic Sentence: Because of the high demand for human organs, legalizing the sale of the organs would encourage human trafficking.

Supporting Detail/Evidence: Many people who need organ transplants in developed countries travel to developing countries.

Supporting Detail/Evidence: The main victims of human trafficking are poor and vulnerable populations that cannot protect themselves from traffickers.

Supporting Detail/Evidence: Long wait times for getting an organ.

Concluding Sentence: Traffickers use various tactics to lure victims such as promises of employment and financial rewards.

Body Paragraph 2

Topic Sentence: The second reason why the sale of human organs should not be legal is that it encourages the creation of a black market for organs.

Supporting Detail/Evidence: Under laws that prohibit the sale of human organs, recipients have to rely on national transplant lists run by government organizations.

Supporting Detail/Evidence: in black markets, organs would go to the highest bidder.

Supporting Detail/Evidence: Faced with the prospect of high returns, organ dealers will have even more incentives to procure organs illegally

Concluding Sentence: Legalizing the sale of human organs would allow these dealers to procure organs and sell them for very high prices.

Body Paragraph 3

Topic Sentence: Crime rates and exploitation of vulnerable people is another reason why the sale of human organs should not be legal.

Supporting Detail/Evidence: Some organs such as the heart and lungs are in high demand but can only be donated by recently deceased individuals

Supporting Detail/Evidence: Additionally, many vulnerable people would fall victim to forced abductions so that their organs can be harvested.

Supporting Detail/Evidence: Corrupt brokers, hospitals and physicians would take advantage of such people and exploit them.

Concluding Sentence: Legalizing the sale of human organs thus paves the way for exploitation of vulnerable populations, and such situations should be avoided at all costs.

Body Paragraph 4 – Counterargument/Refutation

Topic Sentence: Those in support of legalizing the sale of human organs argue that it would save many lives.

Supporting Detail/Evidence: Many people in dire need or organs die every day because they cannot access the organs that they need.

Supporting Detail/Evidence: The process of becoming an organ donor may be daunting for potential donors.

Supporting Detail/Evidence: Legalizing the sale of human organs would be a great incentive for many donors as they would see that the process also benefits them

Concluding Sentence: If a person can safely donate their organs and live without them, then they might as well benefit from such a sale.

The Essay’s Conclusion (do not simply repeat the thesis statement)

After examining both sides of the argument, it is clear that the sale of human organs should remain illegal. Although financial incentives could increase the supply of valuable organs, the potential risks are far greater than the benefits and therefore, it should remain illegal. People should be encouraged to donate organs out of altruism rather than any financial benefits.

My Values in Counseling

Name:

Subject:

Task:

Date:

My Values in Counseling

Personally, it is unnecessary to expose ones values to his clients during the session. If the client is aware of the counselor’s values, then this counselor will have no control over the interpretation the client will have on his values. Exposing values of the counselor will result into random issues that may make the session unproductive. In Counseling, personal values are key elements in the development of an individual and society. When i help other people despite being open minded, i constantly run the risk of inflicting my values on the clients. It is impossible to listen to the client and avoid judging what they tell me.

Personal Values in counseling is a difficult ethical theory. Even the most careful and principled counselors can also be influenced unintentionally by their values. As counselors, imposing my values to clients is a deceitful scheme, and it jeopardizes with our professional objectives. Some people would disagree that objectivity is a false impression and that it is totally impractical.

Integrity is a key value for me and all the counselors. To me, this means I have to behave accordingly according to the moral principle. I need to know what I believe and practice within that system of belief. I am not supposed to do harm to my clients, and observe my boundary to all my clients.

The second significant value is freedom. Freedom helps me by driving me into performing certain actions. It helps me decide on what the next move to take. Freedom allows me to be creative and responsible for decisions I make. With these values, I am able to commit with the client making him responsible for his actions and its penalty.

Another value is neutrality. This helps my clients get a perceived control of their own self from the external environment. This implies that i should be neutral, and the client will feel comfortable believing that i am OK with any behavior. As a counselor, I remain neutral and avoid communicating any value orientation. This helps me appear ethically neutral and keen on the client’s values. In a situation where certain topics are raised such as bisexual, religion or lesbianism, am not supposed to position to avoid any kind feeling from the client to me.

In some of my counseling sessions, there is the behavior that occurs naturally, and it is known as counter-transference or counseling transference. Counter-tranference is where I might project my own past conflicting experiences to the client. Transference is where the client involuntarily redirects certain feelings to me after interacting with other people. This behavior is common, and it is damaging to the session. Following my experience with this situation, I am keen when it comes to my feelings, and I try to use counter transference to get productive results rather than harm my sessions with my clients.

One of my best values that I consider challenging is neutrality. I need to be neutral on some issues such as abortion, adultery, drug use, child abuse and many more. I am to pass no judgment and be neutral to make the client comfortable during the session. However, this may lead to serious risks, and I may be held responsible. If I do not exercise the session with care and something happens to the client, then I will be responsible for negligence, unless the client withheld some valuable information during the counseling session.