Category: Uncategorized

College Athletes Should not be PaidCollege athletes should not be paid to encourage equal participation opportunities among interested students. Individuals with ingrained talent and desire to participate in athletic events would remain engaged as those with the primary focus on financial gains withdraw from relevant competitions. Consequently, more learners would get relatively fair chances to explore their capabilities and develop their talents in athletics. Besides, every learner should get some opportunities to actively engage in athletics as part of physical exercises that promote learning (Perini et al., 2016). Greedy and selfish students would not allow others, especially upcoming athletes, adequate time to participate in games if payment is effected (Sack, 2009). Instead, such selfish athletes could spend most of their time participating in athletics rather than studying. Hence, the learning institutions may lose their original meaning and become athletic and business institutions.  

Moreover, scholarships and exposure should act as adequate compensation and non-monetary reward for college athletes (Sorauren, 2000). Since it is almost impossible to accurately estimate the value of exposing students to priceless athletic events, college athletes should remain contented and satisfied to encourage more exposures and support by their institutions. Thus, it could be one of the best ways through which the athletes express their appreciation to their institutions for supporting their studies and exposing them to athletic games.  

Additionally, college athletes should not be paid because they may attain other nonmonetary benefits of extremely high value compared to the relatively little amounts they could receive as payment. For instance, the athletes could win other valuable scholarships and sponsorships, especially through televised games (Sack, 2009). Precisely, student-athletes gain more popularity and increase the chances of securing other benefits by participating in athletic events. Besides, learning institutions could incur relatively huge costs by supporting the student-athletes through the purchase of necessary equipment, games kits, and food items. Consequently, the learning institutions could recover the spent funds by using names and images of their best athletes to attract more learners and facilitate other advertisements.

Also, colleges and other institutions of higher learning should utilize most of the gains from sporting events to fund development projects rather than paying student-athletes. Since the learning institutions serve as homes that accommodate, educate and develop the students, they (colleges) should spend most of the gains from sporting events in improving their infrastructure and training their tutors to encourage better service provision (Dhar, 2015). Thus, student-athletes would not lose but rather gain by supporting their institutions through the generation of income from games and related events such as advertising.

In conclusion, college athletes should not be paid because they tend to enjoy numerous non-monetary benefits. Moreover, student-athletes should not be paid to encourage equal participation opportunities among students while preserving the original aims of colleges as learning institutions. Therefore, college athletes should consider forgoing monetary payments and focus on long-term and non-monetary benefits from sporting events.

References

Dhar, R. L. (2015). Service quality and the training of employees: The mediating role of organizational commitment. Tourism Management, 46, 419-430.

Perini, R., Bortoletto, M., Capogrosso, M., Fertonani, A., & Miniussi, C. (2016). Acute effects of aerobic exercise promote learning. Scientific reports, 6(1), 1-8.

Sack, A. (2009). Clashing Models of Commercial Sport in Higher Education: Implications for Reform and Scholarly Research. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics.

Sorauren, I. F. (2000). Non-monetary incentives: Do people work only for money?. Business Ethics Quarterly, 925-944.

Task 2: Examples of how Colgate can strategically apply organizational capabilities and resources

Colgate’s organizational capabilities and resources for new plastics

Colgate has been in operations for a long time. The advantage of its size and experience in its industry include the fact that it has gained a lot of capabilities and resources that are used strategically to provide competitive advantage in its industry and market. Some of the main organizational capabilities for Colgate include talent, speed, brand identity, accountability, leadership, customer connectivity, innovation, and efficiency.

VRIO Analysis Colgate

Value Rarity Imitability Organization

Colgate has a diverse product line supported by highly valuable financial resources that help in investments The distribution networks and the financial resources of the company are very rare The company focuses more than 70% on its main product (toothpaste) making it very hard for other firms to imitate Reinforces differentiation factor through targeted advertising to supplement consumer loyalty

Consumer insights drives innovation and a team of highly specialized employees Endorsements from industry experts such as doctors and dentists are also rare Very high advertising expenditure that makes imitation very difficult Reinvestments are internally funded without tapping into parent company’s resources

Very low production costs driven by the company’s large R&D Its vast research and development is very rare Trust with the consumer base for the company’s product is very hard to imitate Very strong global market presence due to years of existence

Advantages (S) and Disadvantages (W) of Colgate

Resource/Capabilities Valuable Rare Imitable Organization Competitive Advantage

Financial resources yes yes yes yes Sustainable

Distribution Networks yes yes yes yes Strong

Positive Market reputation yes yes no yes Long term

Employees yes no no yes Unused

Cost Structure yes yes no yes Disadvantage

Research and Development yes no no yes Parity

From the VRIO analysis above, the financial resource and the distribution network of the company are the main sources of sustained competitive advantage and its major strength. However, the cost structure of the company, especially through its R&D structure, is a source of weakness and a competitive disadvantage.

Application of Capabilities and Resources

Financial resources can be used to fund the new plastic campaign

Financial resources will create optimization of the performance in the competitive business environment, which requires that an organization understands the dynamics of change, whether external or internal (Martelo, Barroso, & Cepeda, 2013). Optimization means creating efficiency and innovation in the internal firm environment.

Financial resources will help to reinforce new plastic-related innovation

Innovation is a key resource in the sense that it not only generates competitive advantage, but also overturns that of other rival firms.

Financial capabilities will overturn the strength of rival organizations in creating plastic alternatives

Colgate is also able to neutralize threats and exploit opportunities in the future or current business environment while utilizing its strengths and minimizing its weaknesses. Due to its size and period of operations, Colgate has the ability to buy and build capabilities and resources. These advantages also enable it to sustain competitive advantage.

Financial resources can be used to create competitive advantage through vigorous advertising of new plastic initiatives

Colgate can use its unique resources to distinguish itself from the competitors and become a source of sustainable superior performance and competitive advantage. Colgate would achieve this competitive advantage when the resources or competences are valuable, rare, are inimitable, and non-substitutable. Colgate must also be in a position to organize its resources well to attain superior performance.

Its distribution network will be used to reach millions of users to get ahead of the competition

Colgate can use its core competences to integrate its major resources to provide quality services, processes and products. For example, the organization culture and the interfirm social relationships enable innovation in the organization since they provide tacit knowledge. Examples for Colgate include strengths and competences that connect the company to customers facilitating an opportunity to perform better such as market access, brand management, technical customer support, integrity, quality and knowledge management system, innovation management, customer value, and functionality.

Problems and Issues Colgate may have with their current capabilities and resources and suggestions to overcome them

Colgate has several strategic resources and capabilities that have evolved from decades of improvements and innovations. The value added products, many aspects of creating user and buying experience, price advantages, an innovation culture, and superior products are just some of the valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable resources and capabilities the company has gained over the last years of operations.

However, some emergent problems and issues with the current capabilities and resources include new market entrants with the knowledge and capabilities that the firm has had years to perfect. Newer dynamics in the toothpaste and related sectors have also led to a need for the organization to constantly keep innovating (Amui et al., 2017). The changing external environment has also created a situation where the company has had to constantly keep changing its products and market strategies, meaning that it has constantly faced challenges in relation to learning and growth. The overall effect of these problems includes the emerging issue of a very uncertain environment. While opportunities may arise from these issues, the challenges cannot be underestimated. Creating strategies to suit a constantly changing external environment drains the resources and capability of the company. It increases the cost of products due to last minute changes to aspects such as design, packaging, and other value addition approaches.

To overcome the issues mentioned above, Colgate must look at the shifting consumer sentiments to evaluate the likely direction for the organization in near future strategies. It is recommended that the company simplifies, diversifies, considers, and avoids aggressive strategies. The external uncertainties do not have a best-practice strategy. Rather, it would be beneficial for the organization to simplify its approach through narrowing down of the strategic initiatives. For example, the issue of plastics might need the company to consider what has worked in the past while abandoning unproven and risky products. Additionally, diversification allows a firm to reduce and spread risk. For example, it is suggested that Colgate expands into a new area that includes new products that accompany the main products and through pursuing newer customer segments. This would enable the firm to leverage its resources and capabilities to ensure that if market dynamics change for one area, other areas are covered. Lastly, it is important to reduce aggressive strategies. For example, Colgate could focus on reducing new products in the market instead of aggressively expanding its operations. This would ensure that growth is controlled and the uncertainties in the market addressed.

References

Amui, L. B. L., Jabbour, C. J. C., de Sousa Jabbour, A. B. L., & Kannan, D. (2017). Sustainability as a dynamic organizational capability: a systematic review and a future agenda toward a sustainable transition. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 308-322.

Martelo, S., Barroso, C., & Cepeda, G. (2013). The use of organizational capabilities to increase customer value. Journal of Business Research, 66(10), 2042-2050.

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How College Education is Different for Millennials and Generation X

Introduction

Generation X refers to people born between 1965 and 1980, while millennials are individuals born between 1981 and 1996. Compared to their parents, the lives that millennials lead are entirely different from those their parents lived when they were their age. The college experiences have changed drastically over the years. It is no secret that current generations are more learned than all other preceding generations of people with the number of young adults holding a bachelor’s degree rising steadily from 1968. This text discusses the differences in education experience between millennials and generation X as regards the cost, diversity, religiousness and technological advancements.

College Education is More Expensive Today

One of the ways in which college education differs for generation X and millenials is that it is more costly than it was a few decades ago, between 1965 and 1980. According to statistics, the cost of college tuition has doubled in number since the 1980s. Worth noting, between the 1980s and 2018 academic year, the cost of attaining an undergraduate degree increased by 213% in public schools to adjust for inflation. Additionally, the annual public tuition fees were $1 490 compared to today’s exorbitant price of $9,970. When adjusted for inflation, private tuitions saw a 129% increase in tuition fees for the same period. On the other hand, during the 1980s, a private undergraduate degree costs $7 050 and equivalent of $15 160 in today’s currency. On the contrary, its costs an average of $34 740 to complete a Bachelor’s degree today. As a matter of fact, college education in the States is expensive to the extent that federal and local governments finance it. The majority of students who take up student loans to finance their college education graduate with student loans amounting to up to 40,000 dollars which they repay once they have graduated and found employment.

College Education for Millennials is More Technologically Advanced.

Secondly, another difference is that the current college education is more technologically advanced than that generation X experienced. Millennials enjoy great benefits of technology, such as the use of laptops, iPods, and mobile devices, which their parents never enjoyed because there was no internet at the time. Although electronic gadgets have made learning easier and convenient, they have their downside too because they distract students. The college education experience for millennials has completely revolutionized because if they happen to miss a class, most lectures provide them with recorded lectures (Enam and Karthik, 70). Additionally, desktops and typewriters have been replaced with laptops which they use to take notes in class. Furthermore, millennials are in a better position than generation X because they use computers instead of writing notes manually. Students also rate professors online and use social media to stay connected to each other. These are privileges that generation X individuals could not enjoy because back them technology was not as advanced as it is today.

Increased Ethnic and Culturally Diverse Student Population.

Diversity is the third factor that shows how different the college experiences for millennials were from those of their parents. Statistics drastically suggest that since 1970, the student population in colleges has transformed. 2018, a student research project carried out by Chegg, a renowned educational company, found a minority enrollment of 42% compared to 15% in 1970. This is after sampling a population of 1,000 students. It’s worth noting that females comprise more than 50% of the total student population compared to 1970 when they less than half. Moreover, millennials are also attending colleges while they are a bit older than before. Currently, 40% of millennial student populations are more than 25 years old in comparison to 28 years during the previous years.

Millennials are Not As Religious as Generation X

Religion is another aspect that shows the differences between college education between millenials and generation X. The Huffington Post posits that the number of college first years that do not identify with religion has risen from 16% in 2005 to 15% in 2014 (Kurz, Geng, and Daniel, 194). The research cited the University of California’s Cooperative Institutional Research programs, which surveyed over 150,000 full-time first-year students in over 200 universities and colleges. Additionally, the number of students in catholic colleges that do not identify with any religion rose by over 4% during the period in review. Moreover, the percentage of college students that do not associate with religion in religious institutions also rose. This is contrary to generation X, who were more religious than millennials.

Conclusion

In closing, the college experiences of generation X is very different from that of millennial. The cost of a college education has increased over the years, and college students’ composition has become more diverse. Moreover, Millennials are lucky as they currently employ technology in their learning, which generation X did not encounter because back- technology was not as advanced as today. Further, millennials are less religious than their generation X counterparts. Both generations had unique experiences in college education and while some are negative majority are positive.

Works Cited

Enam, Annesha, and Karthik C. Konduri. “Time allocation behavior of twentieth-century American generations: GI generation, silent generation, baby boomers, generation X, and millennials.” Transportation Research Record 2672.49 (2018): 69-80.

Kurz, Christopher J., Geng Li, and Daniel J. Vine. “Are millennials different?.” Handbook of US consumer economics. Academic Press, 2019. 193-232.

Week 4: Collaboration Cafe

With new information continually emerging, professional nurses must be equipped to critique scholarly literature and discern its value for practice.  

Select one current, qualitative or mixed methods scholarly nursing article related to your PICOT question and determine its strengths, limitations, and potential application.

Complete the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence Based Practice Appendix E Evidence Appraisal Tool Download Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence Based Practice Appendix E Evidence Appraisal Tool. Once you’ve completed the tool, use your own words to summarize your appraisal of the article. Include the following:

Description of the purpose

Explanation of research design

Discussion of sample

Description of data collection methods

Summary of findings

Strengths of the study (minimum of 1)

Limitations of the study (minimum of 1)

Recommendations regarding potential application for future practice that are insightful and appropriate.

Attach the article to your post, in addition to including the full reference for the article in your post.

During the week, read a minimum of two articles posted by peers and add your thoughts about whether you feel their article would support an EBP change.

The John Hopkins tool does not need to be turned in, it is a worksheet for you to decide what type of article you have. 

**To view the grading criteria/rubric, please click on the 3 dots in the box at the end of the solid gray bar above the discussion board title and then Show Rubric.

WEEK 4 QUALITATIVE OR MIXED METHODS JOURNAL ARTICLES QUANTITATIVE, META-ANALYSIS, CPG

Qualitative or mixed methods studies only. Types of qualitative research:  narrative (phenomenology), ethnography and historical. Type of mixed methods research: explanatory, exploratory, transformative, triangulation, transformative.

To prepare for the Café, review Appendix E in the Dang and Dearholt (2018) eBook and search the library for a qualitative or mixed methods article related to your area of interest. Use library resources to assist you in your search. For additional questions about Collaboration Café requirements, refer to the grading rubric.

In obese, school-aged, low-income children what is the effect of education on healthy diet and encouragement to exercise compared to lack of education and absence of exercise on lowering body weight, BMI, and percentage of body fat over one school year?

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Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment CPFRF is a technique used by large-scale and small-scale firms in their supply chain to assist and support joint practices at different levels of the supply chain. The CPFR is adopted to enhance cooperative inventory management and improve an organization’s supply chain. It seeks to eliminate mistakes and errors in the supply chain that would otherwise disrupt operations in different supply chain levels.

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Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment CPFR is a technique used by large-scale and small-scale firms in their supply chain to assist and support joint practices at different levels of the supply chain. The CPFR is adopted to enhance cooperative inventory management and improve an organization’s supply chain. It seeks to eliminate mistakes and errors in the supply chain that would otherwise disrupt operations in different supply chain levels. The supply chain for Feets Shoe Company can improve its performance by incorporating the CPFR method in its supply chain. It will allow the company to share adequate information regarding the respective product at different supply chain stages to facilitate planning, especially at the retail level, and the ultimate satisfaction of their customers.

The CPFR approach enhances the vertical coordination and incentives specialization across firm-level boundaries. It gives directions and principles to determine ethical and unethical behaviors in the company and its supply chain. Through adequate information distribution through the CPFR approach, Fleets company can recognize the implications of local and federal laws regarding business ethical standards. High-profile cases such as the shoe wear supply chain are prone to lack transparency to determine the activities at every stage of the supply chain. The Fleets company can benefit from using the CPFR technique and allow for transparency and effective coordination. The Fleets shoe company can identify their source of influence for ethical behaviors in the supply chain and implement the outcomes, hence perfecting operations at different supply chain stages.

The CPFR model provides a stable and practical framework that facilitates a smooth flow of commodities and information from vendors to the final consumer of the product. The technique also helps the Fleets company enhance its supply chain management by allowing the leaders to discover their true definition of loyalty. It makes it much easier to resolve disputes at different levels of the supply chain if players at this stage fail to adhere to the code of conduct or are involved in unethical behavior that can potentially jeopardize the supply chain of the Fleets Company. The CPFR model guides the retailers who provide shoes to act ethically by forecasting and determining the correct orders to offset consumer demands. An unbalanced market will likely lead to overpriced commodities due to very high demands. It means that retailers exploit consumers due to the disruption in the supply chain.

It is undeniable that the CPFR has helped many organizations streamline their supply chain and improve their general performance. It helps eliminate grey areas and allows for more trust between players at different levels of the supply chain. Fleets Company should consider adopting the model to gain more transparency and establish ethical behaviors for its employees, vendors, and retailers. This action will provide guidelines for handling unethical behaviors and consequent punishments.

Topic: Collapse of the Soviet Union

Requirements:

10-15 pages

Double spaced

Times New Roman

12 Font

MLA

Unlimited sources accepted as long ass they are cited correctly.

Causes that led to the collapseEffects of the collapse

What did this mean to the United States and how did the United States respond

Look into events and/or uprisings that led to the collapse

Collecting Resources Worksheet #1

(30 raw hw pts)

Name: Mireya Ibanez

Research Question:

Options for Asking a LibrarianUA Specific Research SupportMore TutorialsWorksheet Table of Contents

TOC h u z n Activity #1: Search the Library CatalogActivity #2: Search for Resources in PeriodicalsActivity #3: Search HumanitiesActivity #4: Search Natural SciencesActivity #5: Social SciencesActivity #6: Applied FieldsActivity #7: Reflect on Disciplinary Learning

Activity #1: Search the Library Catalog

You will find a wide variety of types of resources just searching the library catalog.

Go to the UA Library homepage and use the search engine for a general search. The general search will pull up books, both paper and digital, as well as other digital sources (journal, magazine, and news articles, films, etc.). Keep track of your more promising search results; write down titles, authors, and URLs below for at least two (2) results (make sure you know where/how to find the sources again; you might want to download a PDF if you have the option).

Resource #1:

Title: Sports- related concussions-media, science and policy

Author: Rebekah Mannix, William P. Meehan iii and Alvaro Pascual-Leone

https://arizona-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1h28lag/TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_5333496

Resource #2:

Title: It’s Not All Fun and Games: Sports, Concussions, and Neuroscience

Author: Christopher C. Giza, Mayumi L. Prins, and David A. Honda

https://arizona-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1h28lag/TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1913398832

Activity #2: Search for Resources in Periodicals

These search results will most likely provide both popular (non-academic) and academic sources.

Academic Databases: click on the “databases” tab from the UA Library homepageUA Library Databases by Subject PageGoogle Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/ (I suggest you go to settings and connect Google Scholar to the UA Library)

Newspaper Databases (searched the UA library database list)

Be sure to keep track of your more promising search results; write down titles, authors, and URLs below for at least two (2) results (make sure you know where/how to find the sources again; you might want to download a PDF if you have the option).

Resource #3:

Tittle: Why is it hard to stop sports concussions?

Author: Stephen Piazza

http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43707837

Resource #4:

Tittle: Schools should heed concerns over sports’ brain injuries

Author: Julie Underwood

http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24893267Activity #3: Search Humanities

Go to the UA Library Databases by Subject page. Search one arts and one humanities database using some/all of your research search terms (it doesn’t matter whether you think your research is related to the arts or humanities). Find at least one (1) source (you must be able to read the full text) about your subject/topic in each database, two (2) sources total. Seriously consider limiting your database search results to only peer-reviewed/refereed sources. For each source, write down titles, authors, and URLs below (make sure you know where/how to find the sources again; you might want to download a PDF if you have the option).

Resource #5:

Tittle: Traumatic brain injury reduction in athletes by neck strengthening

Author:

https://arizona-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1h28lag/TN_cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_62a012f58d334d3a869d651a9c81cdf5Resource #6:

Tittle: Concussions: A sport ethics commentary

Author: Dr. rob Hudson and Dr. Brandon Spradley

https://thesportjournal.org/article/concussions-a-sport-ethics-commentary/

Activity #4: Search Natural Sciences

Go to the UA Library Databases by Subject page. Search two different sciences databases using some/all of your research search terms (it doesn’t matter whether you think your research is related to the sciences). Find at least one (1) source (you must be able to read the full text) about your subject/topic in each database, two (2) sources total. Seriously consider limiting your database search results to only peer-reviewed/refereed sources. For each source, write down titles, authors, and URLs below (make sure you know where/how to find the sources again; you might want to download a PDF if you have the option).

Resource #7:

Tittle: Cerebral Microhemorrhages in a collegiate Football Player: Clinical Implications in the Management of Sports ConcussonsAuthor: Irfan M. Asif, Kimberly G. Harmon, Jonathan A. Drezner, John W. Okanehttps://doi-org.ezproxy4.library.arizona.edu/10.1177/1941738110374628Resource #8:

Tittle: Prevention of Sport-Related Concussion

Author: Peter K. Kriz and William O. Roberts

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2020.08.007Activity #5: Social Sciences

Go to the UA Library Databases by Subject page. Search two different social sciences databases using some/all of your research search terms (it doesn’t matter whether you think your research is related to the social sciences). Find at least one (1) source (you must be able to read the full text) about your subject/topic in each database, two (2) sources total. Seriously consider limiting your database search results to only peer-reviewed/refereed sources. For each source, write down titles, authors, and URLs below (make sure you know where/how to find the sources again; you might want to download a PDF if you have the option).

Resource #9:

Tittle: Concussion Epidemiology in Youth Sports: Sports Study of a Statewide High School Sports ProgramAuthor:Benjamin Chun, Troy Furutani, Ross Oshiro, Casey Young, Gale Prentiss, Nathan Murata

http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sph&AN=147578669&site=ehost-live

Resource #10:

Tittle: Concussion Knowledge, Attitude, and Risk Management Practices of High School Girls’ soccer coaches

Author: Kim Sungwon, Daniel P. Connaughton, Michael Sagas, Yong Jae Ko

http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sph&AN=147377265&site=ehost-liveActivity #6: Applied Fields

Go to the UA Library Databases by Subject page. Search two different applied field databases using some/all of your research search terms (it doesn’t matter whether you think your research is related to the social sciences). Find at least one (1) source (you must be able to read the full text) about your subject/topic in each database, two (2) sources total. Seriously consider limiting your database search results to only peer-reviewed/refereed sources. For each source, write down titles, authors, and URLs below (make sure you know where/how to find the sources again; you might want to download a PDF if you have the option).

Resource #11:

Tittle: Implications for concussion assessments and return-to-play standards in intercollegiate football: How are the risks managed?

Author: John J. Miller, John T Wendt, Nick Potter

http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.ezproxy4.library.arizona.edu/scholarly-journals/implications-concussion-assessments-return-play/docview/1730037906/se-2?accountid=8360

Resource #12:

Tittle: Reducing Traumatic Brain Injuries in Youth Sports: Youth Sports Traumatic Brain Injury State Laws, January 2009-December 2012

Author: Hosea Harvey

http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.ezproxy4.library.arizona.edu/scholarly-journals/reducing-traumatic-brain-injuries-youth-sports/docview/1399924101/se-2?accountid=8360Activity #7: Reflect on Disciplinary Learning

You just read about your topic from a variety of different perspectives. What did you learn? What surprised you? What would you like to know more about? Free write for at least 2-3 paragraphs.

I learned a variety of ways and clinical studies that were being conducted regarding concussions in general. I was able to see the different ways people were being affected by concussions not only in high school. As well as some techniques being made to help prevent but also to help after the concussion was attained. This was very interesting to look at the different ways concussions were incorporated in different peoples lives. Although I did find some research that wasn’t narrowed down to high school, I believe learning about all ages is important. I also think it was crucial for me to get research that looked at before, during, and after the injury has occurred.

I was surprised at the facts and statistics that were being presented in the research. As well as the fact that I thought about neck strengthening and then I found an article regarding that. I was very surprised at how common and universal concussions were. They occurred all over and there was an abundance of research being done to learn more about the topic. I was also surprised at the type of studies that were being conducted involving young athletes.

I would like to know more about the repercussions from getting a concussion. So, what short term affects there and what long term affects there are. As well as does playing sports from a young age have any affect? Does continuing on to college ball or professional have any affect? If so, what are they? I would also like to know if age and gender have any affect with obtaining concussions? As well as if a certain time period is better for recovery and prevention?

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Blackfish Film and Ethics

Virtue Ethics

Virtue ethics refers to a philosophy developed by Aristotle. It is a character-based approach to mortality. This theory indicates that practice is vital in the process of virtue acquisition. Virtue ethics contrasts with the view that virtue is present in the world as a natural representation of goodness. Virtue ethics being character-based means that there are different traits and forms of virtue, but all come from constant practice in one’s moral character. For instance, courage would be considered a type of bravery and resoluteness, but bravery comes from years of constantly acting bravely, whereas resoluteness is often displayed when you are angry or feel threatened. Virtue ethics also suggests that healthy interpersonal relationships can have their own virtues (Van Zyl, 46). For example, generosity would be one such virtue for many people around the world since it’s seen as a way to give and express care for others without expecting anything in return.

Critique of Virtue Ethics

An alleged problem or issue with virtue ethics is that it fails to appreciate the intractability of dispute, theory ladenness, and the perspectivai. A debate may be intractable because there is a lack of consensus, or because the issue it addresses cannot be resolved. Theory ladenness refers to the idea that our moral theory should not be biased but include all relevant factors. Virtue ethics is perspectivai since it rejects Kantian or utilitarian formulations that are based on specific perspectives. In virtue ethics, people choose actions that seem good at the time and can change their minds as new evidence arises. An article by Connie Whitenack from 2005 entitled “What’s Wrong With Virtue Ethics” outlines these criticisms by stating a number of common features which have been argued to make virtue ethics deficient as a guiding principle for behavior decision-making.

Virtue Ethics assumes that moral goodness is a matter of following the right rules and displaying the right virtues. We must always do what is considered morally good and refrain from doing anything considered morally bad. Never mind that we may not know for certain what we ought to do; we should simply follow our conscience and hope that it is reliable enough to guide us correctly. This philosophy has many flaws, as can be seen in some of its particular rules about how people should behave. For example, if a person has been taught since childhood to revere those who have authority, they may find themselves naturally obeying those with authority even if those people are doing something harmful or wrong.

The blackfish film is closely related with virtue ethics. The blackfish documentary shows the lives of people working with Orcas. It follows the life of a famous orca trainer, Dawn Brancheau, who was killed by an orca in 2010 at SeaWorld in Orlando, Florida. While it seems that few people would care about the death of a whale trainer, this film sparks controversy on how animals are treated in such places. This movie is praised for its engaging and emotive portrayal of animal abuse and exploitation in captivity; therefore, it can be said that it is virtuous. The film portrays the lives of whales and what really goes on behind closed doors at places like SeaWorld.

Ted Talk Related to Animal Rights

Buhazza, Noura talks about animal torturing. She describes how humans with no humanity torture animals for their own benefits. The ted talk discusses that humans feel a sense of power when they torture an animal, which is what they rely on (Buhazza, 2). They are humans who need to have control and feel superior to the animal victim. The talk describes how animals tend to react differently depending on what part of their body is tortured. If it’s their back then the animal will be aggressive and try to flee, but if it’s their leg then they will be in pain until the torturing stops. This shows that different emotions can exist when animals are tortured, depending on what part of their body is hurt or killed.

This ted talk shows that there should be laws that control human interaction with animals. Animals must be protected. Humans are the only animals on this planet that torture animals for their own gains and no one should be allowed to go against that. Humans are under a code of morality, which is why we shouldn’t hurt any living thing cause it’s just wrong and humanity should never go against morality.

Blackfish Film and Animal Rights

The documentary titled ‘Blackfish’ is mainly regarding natural history of whales on the basis of how they were treated by humans before shooting one’s attack against them. The Blackfish film illustrates the segregation, hunting practices, and annihilation that face the sea world which comprise of the whales and other animals. These practices are effectively demonstrated in the Tilikum captivity ordeal, the dolphin hunting procedure and many other ways in which the hunt practices are conducted during whale hunts of sea creatures. The movie reveals these incidents to the audience and tells them that there is no need to have a look at these cruel acts which are happening in the field. The people who are involved in these activities have thought it fit to kill whales and other marine animals thinking of their own safety and convenience. In this way, they also avoid being seen as criminals by the people who are watching them doing this activity.

In this film, Orca is discussed to demonstrate great aggressiveness after being incarcerated in the SeaWorld. However, SeaWorld has been fighting against that idea. Since the film was released, it has caused a great amount of controversy on the trainers working in such places and the killers have been removed from captivity. The film is not just about killer whales but also about how they are treated by humans. In general, Blackfish documentary is a great piece on how we treat animals, including whales and dolphins, in captivity at SeaWorld in John Krasinski’s directorial debut. It is an emotional documentary with power conversations to help change our perspective of animal rights and treatment.

This movie has greatly demonstrated the role of ethics in the society and how the society must truly have ethical and moral values to have a better society. The film has shown us that the real leaders of this world are the people who are kind and give love to everyone (Cowperthwaite). The people who are cruel and hate to others will be thrown away from his or her position. This has been showed by the documentary and I can’t state it more properly than that. This article discusses ethical issues surrounding the use of exotic or trained marine mammals for entertainment purposes and how Blackfish, as well as other films such as Dolphin Diary helped to raise awareness in this topic. This is an important discussion that needs to be more widely discussed.

During the film, I felt so sorry for the animals of SeaWorld, who live in small aquariums and must experience horrible things. They are beaten and forced to perform extremely unnatural acts while they were helpless and defenseless. There are stories about orcas attacking their trainers in their habitats at SeaWorld, something that is always talked about in this documentary film. No one seems to believe what really happened to these orcas before the attack or why did it happen at all. Blackfish wants to give its opinion on why those killings happened because of ethical issues inside SeaWorld company.

The film teaches us to always think twice before taking an action. This is mostly vital when those actions tend to infringe other people’s rights of expression or liberty. The people who are cruel like those in this film will never be rewarded and they will be erased from the society. The importance of showing the good and bad sides of this world can never be over emphasized, especially when you are seeing it on large screen. Those who have such values in mind must see this film to foster their ethical and moral values into what they do for a living. In a time where we have to share our opinion about many things whether good or bad, we must still remember that these opinions may not just be expressed by us but also by people around us too. Even if a few people do not support you, it does not mean that you are wrong.

From the film, we can also see how the marine family face harsh training and punishments. These shows the level of lack of empathy in the society and its effects. In this article, we can read the following: “Blackfish would probably be a better film if it had not been produced to make a point about the ethics of keeping marine animals in captivity. Yet despite its intent, Blackfish also humanizes marine animals and exposes their suffering and desperation.”

Thus, animal rights have been a major topic since the production of the Blackfish film. The movie has demonstrated animal abuse on a grand scale, with the orcas being kept in captivity and abused by SeaWorld. The documentary rightfully gained much attention from the people of the world who care about animal rights (Stokes 160). Not to mention, the film has also received criticism throughout its run-on different channels such as social media and traditional news media. When it turns out that these supposed “animal rights activists” are actually just taking advantage of this marine park, Animal Rights Organization has created an action plan for what needs to be done in order to help save these animals and make them happy once again. The Blackfish film is a must watch for anyone who is interested in animal rights or activism as a whole (whether they care about orcas or not).

The article, “SeaWorld should set captive orcas free” stipulates Jean-Michel Cousteau’s calling on the SeaWorld to release its captive orcas. The Oceanographic explorer, indicates that “They need to be released and put back into a place where we can keep an eye on them and they can reconnect with nature,”. Cousteau and his organization Ocean Future Society has been advocating for the release of marine mammals in captivity, a movement that has created conflict with advocacy groups such as People for the Ethical treatment of Animals which are calling for the closure of all marine mammal parks. The article indicates that SeaWorld is “one of the most controversial institutions in North America” due to its poor treatment of orcas. The article also mentions that this type of treatment is not limited to SeaWorld, but it is instead industry-wide phenomenon. Nowadays, there are at least 81 orcas currently held captive in marine parks, zoos and aquaria across the globe (Jean-Michel 4).

Works Cited

“Jean-Michel Cousteau: Seaworld Should Set Captive Orcas Free”. The Guardian, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/apr/27/seaworld-free-captive-orcas-jean-michel-cousteau. Accessed 1 Feb 2022.

Buhazza, Noura. “Animal Rights”. Ted.Com, 2022, https://www.ted.com/talks/noura_buhazza_animal_rights. Accessed 6 Feb 2022.

Cowperthwaite, G., Oteyza, M. V., Despres, E., Ingalls, J., Towey, C., Beal, J., Blackfish. Magnolia Pictures (Firm), Magnolia Home Entertainment (Firm). (2013)

Stokes, Ashli Q., and Wendy Atkins-Sayre. “PETA, rhetorical fracture, and the power of digital activism.” Public Relations Inquiry 7.2 (2018): 149-170.

Van Zyl, Liezl. Virtue ethics: A contemporary introduction. Routledge, 2018.

1. Information Security Breach at the American Medical Collection Association

In June 2019, the US experienced one of the worst instances of breach of security within the medical sector. Precisely, the American Medical Collection Association (AMCA) was hacked, leading to exposure of critical details of over 20 million patients (Hodge, 2019). Accordingly, AMCA and its contracting firms encountered detrimental consequences that entail numerous lawsuits which led to their bankruptcy. Similarly, the victims’ (patients’) addresses, phone numbers, birth dates, medical information, social security numbers, and payment data were exposed. Thus, this incident exhibits loopholes and weaknesses on matters about information security. Subsequently, it means that interested professionals and firms should conduct further research and development strategies to promote better protection of information, hence avoiding similar incidents in the future. Besides, this occurrence suggests that information security practice is a highly-challenging and sensitive endeavor that demands lots of diligence. Finally, the unfortunate incident shows that an information security breach is a catastrophic event that attracts massive damages and losses to the victims. 

2. University of Delaware (UD) has a corporate vision statement that focuses on promoting information security through the development of a suitable institutional framework and culture for effectively managing information risk. Accordingly, the vision statement strives to ensure effective, efficient, and secure operations of every unit of the University. Hence, UD has a suitable vision statement that encourages information security by influencing and shaping its operation strategies. UD’s vision statement could be accessed through the following link –

https://www1.udel.edu/security/mission.htmlThe main challenge in finding an appropriate vision statement is that several organizations do not vividly and explicitly express their focus in promoting information security. Besides, many organizations focus on information security at a departmental rather than a corporate level. That is, several firms have offices that focus on information security. Moreover, the use of terminologies that entail vision, mission, and information security as search terms does not offer suitable vision and mission statements. Instead, it provides vision and mission statements for organizations whose aims are to provide advice and strategies for encouraging information security. 

Lack of attention to information security at a corporate level could discourage the allocation of sufficient resources and efforts toward the promotion of information security. Accordingly, organizations would fail to secure their information adequately. It could mean that an organization does not prioritize information security by not expressing interest and focus on information security at a corporate level. 

The University of Delaware’s vision statement exhibits a link to relevant strategies for encouraging information security. Specifically, the vision statement strives to explain how the institution would realize its goal of ensuring the safety of its information. 

Case Study Report “Gambling with Security”

The prevalent loopholes and weaknesses in the organization could facilitate information security breaches. The article reveals that human elements serve as the main weak points through which social engineers use to access and manipulate firms’ information (Ashenden, 2008). Besides, a weak organizational culture could encourage leakage of sensitive information to intruders. For instance, a practice of not deactivating accounts and login details of outgoing employees could render a firm vulnerable to hacking and unauthorized access to critical and sensitive information by malicious persons. Besides, the failure of employees to handle their roles diligently discourages the security of data. For example, security guards could allow a stranger into their facility by not using applicable identification documents to confirm the identities of incoming persons. Moreover, the practice of revealing sensitive information to strangers makes the organization more vulnerable to hacking and information security breaches. Also, technical challenges such as poor generation and storage of access tools such as badges and the use of weak or no passwords tend to promote information security breaches (Mitnick, 2005). For example, an individual could have access to and ownership of more than one badges that are used for accessing different places in the facility. Similarly, organizations could lose their information by making them easily accessible, modifiable, and readable to virtually everyone. More so, the use of single and simple restriction tools such as badges could make it easier for hackers to access firms’ information. 

Accordingly, organizations should embrace the use of strong passwords and other relevant strategies to regulate access to their information (Miloslavskaya & Tolstoy, 2019). Moreover, firms should use coding to make it difficult for unauthorized persons to read and retrieve vital details from their databases. Likewise, firms should adjust their information to make them more resistant to unauthorized modification and other forms of alterations. Besides, firms should train and develop their employees to ensure that they remain vigilant and well-informed about suitable strategies for encouraging the safety and security of their information. Also, employees should exhibit sufficient diligence while handling their jobs to ensure that all the established strategies for encouraging information security are implemented. Therefore, firms could significantly reduce instances of information security breaches by developing their human and technological resources.

References

Ashenden, D. (2008). Information Security management: A human challenge?. Information security technical report, 13(4), 195-201.

Hodge, R. (2019, December 27). 2019 Data Breach Hall of Shame: These were the biggest data breaches of the year. Retrieved from https://www.cnet.com/news/2019-data-breach-hall-of-shame-these-were-the-biggest-data-breaches-of-the-year/

Miloslavskaya, N., & Tolstoy, A. (2019). Internet of Things: information security challenges and solutions. Cluster Computing, 22(1), 103-119.

Mitnick, R. (2005, March 8). Gambling with security. Retrieved from https://www.theage.com.au/technology/gambling-with-security-20050308-gdkvl2.html