Category: Uncategorized

College Athletes Should not be Paid

College athletes should not be paid to encourage equal participation opportunities among interested students. Individuals with ingrained talent and desire to participate in athletic events would remain engaged as those with the primary focus on financial gains withdraw from relevant competitions. Besides, every learner should get some opportunities to actively engage in athletics as part of physical exercises that promote learning (Perini et al., 2016). Greedy and selfish students would not allow others, especially upcoming athletes, adequate time to participate in games if payment is effected (Sack, 2009). Hence, the learning institutions may lose their original meaning and become athletic and business institutions.  

Moreover, scholarships and exposure should act as adequate compensation and non-monetary reward for college athletes (Sorauren, 2000). Since it is almost impossible to accurately estimate the value of exposing students to priceless athletic events, college athletes should remain contented and satisfied to encourage more exposures and support by their institutions. Besides, students gain lots of nonmonetary benefits of extremely high value compared to the relatively little amounts they could receive as payment. For instance, the athletes could win other valuable scholarships and sponsorships, especially through televised games (Sack, 2009). Precisely, student-athletes gain more popularity and increase the chances of securing other benefits by participating in athletic events. Still, learning institutions could incur relatively huge costs by supporting the student-athletes through the purchase of necessary equipment, games kits, and food items. Consequently, the learning institutions could recover the spent funds by using income from games, names and images of their best athletes to attract more learners, facilitate other advertisements and train their tutors for better service provision (Dhar, 2015).

In conclusion, college athletes should not be paid because they tend to enjoy numerous non-monetary benefits. Moreover, student-athletes should not be paid to encourage equal participation opportunities among students while preserving the original aims of colleges as learning institutions. Therefore, college athletes should consider forgoing monetary payments and focus on long-term and non-monetary benefits from sporting events.

References

Dhar, R. L. (2015). Service quality and the training of employees: The mediating role of organizational commitment. Tourism Management, 46, 419-430.

Perini, R., Bortoletto, M., Capogrosso, M., Fertonani, A., & Miniussi, C. (2016). Acute effects of aerobic exercise promote learning. Scientific reports, 6(1), 1-8.

Sack, A. (2009). Clashing Models of Commercial Sport in Higher Education: Implications for Reform and Scholarly Research. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics.

Sorauren, I. F. (2000). Non-monetary incentives: Do people work only for money?. Business Ethics Quarterly, 925-944.

Cold War

Like in every other major global conflict and event, the Cold War was ideally a result of the ideological differences between the Soviet Union and the United States at the time. Power and control were the main issues of contention as each nation pushed to have influence over the emerging and decolonized nations. New nations were aligning with the Soviets or the United States on the basis of political alliances and ideological fronts. American leaders thought of the Cold War as a turning point for many countries, including its own foreign policy as well as political ideology. The effect was a direct influence on the domestic economy, leadership, the presidency, and the personal lives of every America. Leaders created an environment of expected normalcy and conformity regarding foreign policy directions and political standpoints. For example, speaking against the activities of the American government activities abroad was akin to treason, and would most likely be interpreted as sympathizing with communism ideology.

The Cold War not only had significant influence on the foreign policy of the United States, but also a notable impact on domestic affairs. Stronger and more conspicuous efforts were made in the 1950s to root out ideological standpoints that resembled communism in the United States. The period saw an increase in anti-communist hysteria, creating a culture of hatred for Soviet ideology. The period also established presence of an eternal enemy for the Americans, prompting politicians and leaders to capitalize on the new ideology as a way of consolidating power and control. Film and literature found a lot of material spreading the idea of dystopia, espionage, and nuclear war. Mainstream media at the time increasingly focused on the Soviet Union and the communist agenda that as presented as a threat to American life. a paranoid culture of living in fear of communism and its agenda was firmly established within the United States.

College Athletes Should not be PaidCollege athletes should not be paid to encourage equal participation opportunities among interested students. Individuals with ingrained talent and desire to participate in athletic events would remain engaged as those with the primary focus on financial gains withdraw from relevant competitions. Consequently, more learners would get relatively fair chances to explore their capabilities and develop their talents in athletics. Besides, every learner should get some opportunities to actively engage in athletics as part of physical exercises that promote learning (Perini et al., 2016). Greedy and selfish students would not allow others, especially upcoming athletes, adequate time to participate in games if payment is effected (Sack, 2009). Instead, such selfish athletes could spend most of their time participating in athletics rather than studying. Hence, the learning institutions may lose their original meaning and become athletic and business institutions.  

Moreover, scholarships and exposure should act as adequate compensation and non-monetary reward for college athletes (Sorauren, 2000). Since it is almost impossible to accurately estimate the value of exposing students to priceless athletic events, college athletes should remain contented and satisfied to encourage more exposures and support by their institutions. Thus, it could be one of the best ways through which the athletes express their appreciation to their institutions for supporting their studies and exposing them to athletic games.  

Additionally, college athletes should not be paid because they may attain other nonmonetary benefits of extremely high value compared to the relatively little amounts they could receive as payment. For instance, the athletes could win other valuable scholarships and sponsorships, especially through televised games (Sack, 2009). Precisely, student-athletes gain more popularity and increase the chances of securing other benefits by participating in athletic events. Besides, learning institutions could incur relatively huge costs by supporting the student-athletes through the purchase of necessary equipment, games kits, and food items. Consequently, the learning institutions could recover the spent funds by using names and images of their best athletes to attract more learners and facilitate other advertisements.

Also, colleges and other institutions of higher learning should utilize most of the gains from sporting events to fund development projects rather than paying student-athletes. Since the learning institutions serve as homes that accommodate, educate and develop the students, they (colleges) should spend most of the gains from sporting events in improving their infrastructure and training their tutors to encourage better service provision (Dhar, 2015). Thus, student-athletes would not lose but rather gain by supporting their institutions through the generation of income from games and related events such as advertising.

In conclusion, college athletes should not be paid because they tend to enjoy numerous non-monetary benefits. Moreover, student-athletes should not be paid to encourage equal participation opportunities among students while preserving the original aims of colleges as learning institutions. Therefore, college athletes should consider forgoing monetary payments and focus on long-term and non-monetary benefits from sporting events.

References

Dhar, R. L. (2015). Service quality and the training of employees: The mediating role of organizational commitment. Tourism Management, 46, 419-430.

Perini, R., Bortoletto, M., Capogrosso, M., Fertonani, A., & Miniussi, C. (2016). Acute effects of aerobic exercise promote learning. Scientific reports, 6(1), 1-8.

Sack, A. (2009). Clashing Models of Commercial Sport in Higher Education: Implications for Reform and Scholarly Research. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics.

Sorauren, I. F. (2000). Non-monetary incentives: Do people work only for money?. Business Ethics Quarterly, 925-944.

Task 2: Examples of how Colgate can strategically apply organizational capabilities and resources

Colgate’s organizational capabilities and resources for new plastics

Colgate has been in operations for a long time. The advantage of its size and experience in its industry include the fact that it has gained a lot of capabilities and resources that are used strategically to provide competitive advantage in its industry and market. Some of the main organizational capabilities for Colgate include talent, speed, brand identity, accountability, leadership, customer connectivity, innovation, and efficiency.

VRIO Analysis Colgate

Value Rarity Imitability Organization

Colgate has a diverse product line supported by highly valuable financial resources that help in investments The distribution networks and the financial resources of the company are very rare The company focuses more than 70% on its main product (toothpaste) making it very hard for other firms to imitate Reinforces differentiation factor through targeted advertising to supplement consumer loyalty

Consumer insights drives innovation and a team of highly specialized employees Endorsements from industry experts such as doctors and dentists are also rare Very high advertising expenditure that makes imitation very difficult Reinvestments are internally funded without tapping into parent company’s resources

Very low production costs driven by the company’s large R&D Its vast research and development is very rare Trust with the consumer base for the company’s product is very hard to imitate Very strong global market presence due to years of existence

Advantages (S) and Disadvantages (W) of Colgate

Resource/Capabilities Valuable Rare Imitable Organization Competitive Advantage

Financial resources yes yes yes yes Sustainable

Distribution Networks yes yes yes yes Strong

Positive Market reputation yes yes no yes Long term

Employees yes no no yes Unused

Cost Structure yes yes no yes Disadvantage

Research and Development yes no no yes Parity

From the VRIO analysis above, the financial resource and the distribution network of the company are the main sources of sustained competitive advantage and its major strength. However, the cost structure of the company, especially through its R&D structure, is a source of weakness and a competitive disadvantage.

Application of Capabilities and Resources

Financial resources can be used to fund the new plastic campaign

Financial resources will create optimization of the performance in the competitive business environment, which requires that an organization understands the dynamics of change, whether external or internal (Martelo, Barroso, & Cepeda, 2013). Optimization means creating efficiency and innovation in the internal firm environment.

Financial resources will help to reinforce new plastic-related innovation

Innovation is a key resource in the sense that it not only generates competitive advantage, but also overturns that of other rival firms.

Financial capabilities will overturn the strength of rival organizations in creating plastic alternatives

Colgate is also able to neutralize threats and exploit opportunities in the future or current business environment while utilizing its strengths and minimizing its weaknesses. Due to its size and period of operations, Colgate has the ability to buy and build capabilities and resources. These advantages also enable it to sustain competitive advantage.

Financial resources can be used to create competitive advantage through vigorous advertising of new plastic initiatives

Colgate can use its unique resources to distinguish itself from the competitors and become a source of sustainable superior performance and competitive advantage. Colgate would achieve this competitive advantage when the resources or competences are valuable, rare, are inimitable, and non-substitutable. Colgate must also be in a position to organize its resources well to attain superior performance.

Its distribution network will be used to reach millions of users to get ahead of the competition

Colgate can use its core competences to integrate its major resources to provide quality services, processes and products. For example, the organization culture and the interfirm social relationships enable innovation in the organization since they provide tacit knowledge. Examples for Colgate include strengths and competences that connect the company to customers facilitating an opportunity to perform better such as market access, brand management, technical customer support, integrity, quality and knowledge management system, innovation management, customer value, and functionality.

Problems and Issues Colgate may have with their current capabilities and resources and suggestions to overcome them

Colgate has several strategic resources and capabilities that have evolved from decades of improvements and innovations. The value added products, many aspects of creating user and buying experience, price advantages, an innovation culture, and superior products are just some of the valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable resources and capabilities the company has gained over the last years of operations.

However, some emergent problems and issues with the current capabilities and resources include new market entrants with the knowledge and capabilities that the firm has had years to perfect. Newer dynamics in the toothpaste and related sectors have also led to a need for the organization to constantly keep innovating (Amui et al., 2017). The changing external environment has also created a situation where the company has had to constantly keep changing its products and market strategies, meaning that it has constantly faced challenges in relation to learning and growth. The overall effect of these problems includes the emerging issue of a very uncertain environment. While opportunities may arise from these issues, the challenges cannot be underestimated. Creating strategies to suit a constantly changing external environment drains the resources and capability of the company. It increases the cost of products due to last minute changes to aspects such as design, packaging, and other value addition approaches.

To overcome the issues mentioned above, Colgate must look at the shifting consumer sentiments to evaluate the likely direction for the organization in near future strategies. It is recommended that the company simplifies, diversifies, considers, and avoids aggressive strategies. The external uncertainties do not have a best-practice strategy. Rather, it would be beneficial for the organization to simplify its approach through narrowing down of the strategic initiatives. For example, the issue of plastics might need the company to consider what has worked in the past while abandoning unproven and risky products. Additionally, diversification allows a firm to reduce and spread risk. For example, it is suggested that Colgate expands into a new area that includes new products that accompany the main products and through pursuing newer customer segments. This would enable the firm to leverage its resources and capabilities to ensure that if market dynamics change for one area, other areas are covered. Lastly, it is important to reduce aggressive strategies. For example, Colgate could focus on reducing new products in the market instead of aggressively expanding its operations. This would ensure that growth is controlled and the uncertainties in the market addressed.

References

Amui, L. B. L., Jabbour, C. J. C., de Sousa Jabbour, A. B. L., & Kannan, D. (2017). Sustainability as a dynamic organizational capability: a systematic review and a future agenda toward a sustainable transition. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 308-322.

Martelo, S., Barroso, C., & Cepeda, G. (2013). The use of organizational capabilities to increase customer value. Journal of Business Research, 66(10), 2042-2050.

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How College Education is Different for Millennials and Generation X

Introduction

Generation X refers to people born between 1965 and 1980, while millennials are individuals born between 1981 and 1996. Compared to their parents, the lives that millennials lead are entirely different from those their parents lived when they were their age. The college experiences have changed drastically over the years. It is no secret that current generations are more learned than all other preceding generations of people with the number of young adults holding a bachelor’s degree rising steadily from 1968. This text discusses the differences in education experience between millennials and generation X as regards the cost, diversity, religiousness and technological advancements.

College Education is More Expensive Today

One of the ways in which college education differs for generation X and millenials is that it is more costly than it was a few decades ago, between 1965 and 1980. According to statistics, the cost of college tuition has doubled in number since the 1980s. Worth noting, between the 1980s and 2018 academic year, the cost of attaining an undergraduate degree increased by 213% in public schools to adjust for inflation. Additionally, the annual public tuition fees were $1 490 compared to today’s exorbitant price of $9,970. When adjusted for inflation, private tuitions saw a 129% increase in tuition fees for the same period. On the other hand, during the 1980s, a private undergraduate degree costs $7 050 and equivalent of $15 160 in today’s currency. On the contrary, its costs an average of $34 740 to complete a Bachelor’s degree today. As a matter of fact, college education in the States is expensive to the extent that federal and local governments finance it. The majority of students who take up student loans to finance their college education graduate with student loans amounting to up to 40,000 dollars which they repay once they have graduated and found employment.

College Education for Millennials is More Technologically Advanced.

Secondly, another difference is that the current college education is more technologically advanced than that generation X experienced. Millennials enjoy great benefits of technology, such as the use of laptops, iPods, and mobile devices, which their parents never enjoyed because there was no internet at the time. Although electronic gadgets have made learning easier and convenient, they have their downside too because they distract students. The college education experience for millennials has completely revolutionized because if they happen to miss a class, most lectures provide them with recorded lectures (Enam and Karthik, 70). Additionally, desktops and typewriters have been replaced with laptops which they use to take notes in class. Furthermore, millennials are in a better position than generation X because they use computers instead of writing notes manually. Students also rate professors online and use social media to stay connected to each other. These are privileges that generation X individuals could not enjoy because back them technology was not as advanced as it is today.

Increased Ethnic and Culturally Diverse Student Population.

Diversity is the third factor that shows how different the college experiences for millennials were from those of their parents. Statistics drastically suggest that since 1970, the student population in colleges has transformed. 2018, a student research project carried out by Chegg, a renowned educational company, found a minority enrollment of 42% compared to 15% in 1970. This is after sampling a population of 1,000 students. It’s worth noting that females comprise more than 50% of the total student population compared to 1970 when they less than half. Moreover, millennials are also attending colleges while they are a bit older than before. Currently, 40% of millennial student populations are more than 25 years old in comparison to 28 years during the previous years.

Millennials are Not As Religious as Generation X

Religion is another aspect that shows the differences between college education between millenials and generation X. The Huffington Post posits that the number of college first years that do not identify with religion has risen from 16% in 2005 to 15% in 2014 (Kurz, Geng, and Daniel, 194). The research cited the University of California’s Cooperative Institutional Research programs, which surveyed over 150,000 full-time first-year students in over 200 universities and colleges. Additionally, the number of students in catholic colleges that do not identify with any religion rose by over 4% during the period in review. Moreover, the percentage of college students that do not associate with religion in religious institutions also rose. This is contrary to generation X, who were more religious than millennials.

Conclusion

In closing, the college experiences of generation X is very different from that of millennial. The cost of a college education has increased over the years, and college students’ composition has become more diverse. Moreover, Millennials are lucky as they currently employ technology in their learning, which generation X did not encounter because back- technology was not as advanced as today. Further, millennials are less religious than their generation X counterparts. Both generations had unique experiences in college education and while some are negative majority are positive.

Works Cited

Enam, Annesha, and Karthik C. Konduri. “Time allocation behavior of twentieth-century American generations: GI generation, silent generation, baby boomers, generation X, and millennials.” Transportation Research Record 2672.49 (2018): 69-80.

Kurz, Christopher J., Geng Li, and Daniel J. Vine. “Are millennials different?.” Handbook of US consumer economics. Academic Press, 2019. 193-232.

Week 4: Collaboration Cafe

With new information continually emerging, professional nurses must be equipped to critique scholarly literature and discern its value for practice.  

Select one current, qualitative or mixed methods scholarly nursing article related to your PICOT question and determine its strengths, limitations, and potential application.

Complete the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence Based Practice Appendix E Evidence Appraisal Tool Download Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence Based Practice Appendix E Evidence Appraisal Tool. Once you’ve completed the tool, use your own words to summarize your appraisal of the article. Include the following:

Description of the purpose

Explanation of research design

Discussion of sample

Description of data collection methods

Summary of findings

Strengths of the study (minimum of 1)

Limitations of the study (minimum of 1)

Recommendations regarding potential application for future practice that are insightful and appropriate.

Attach the article to your post, in addition to including the full reference for the article in your post.

During the week, read a minimum of two articles posted by peers and add your thoughts about whether you feel their article would support an EBP change.

The John Hopkins tool does not need to be turned in, it is a worksheet for you to decide what type of article you have. 

**To view the grading criteria/rubric, please click on the 3 dots in the box at the end of the solid gray bar above the discussion board title and then Show Rubric.

WEEK 4 QUALITATIVE OR MIXED METHODS JOURNAL ARTICLES QUANTITATIVE, META-ANALYSIS, CPG

Qualitative or mixed methods studies only. Types of qualitative research:  narrative (phenomenology), ethnography and historical. Type of mixed methods research: explanatory, exploratory, transformative, triangulation, transformative.

To prepare for the Café, review Appendix E in the Dang and Dearholt (2018) eBook and search the library for a qualitative or mixed methods article related to your area of interest. Use library resources to assist you in your search. For additional questions about Collaboration Café requirements, refer to the grading rubric.

In obese, school-aged, low-income children what is the effect of education on healthy diet and encouragement to exercise compared to lack of education and absence of exercise on lowering body weight, BMI, and percentage of body fat over one school year?

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Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment CPFRF is a technique used by large-scale and small-scale firms in their supply chain to assist and support joint practices at different levels of the supply chain. The CPFR is adopted to enhance cooperative inventory management and improve an organization’s supply chain. It seeks to eliminate mistakes and errors in the supply chain that would otherwise disrupt operations in different supply chain levels.

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Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment CPFR is a technique used by large-scale and small-scale firms in their supply chain to assist and support joint practices at different levels of the supply chain. The CPFR is adopted to enhance cooperative inventory management and improve an organization’s supply chain. It seeks to eliminate mistakes and errors in the supply chain that would otherwise disrupt operations in different supply chain levels. The supply chain for Feets Shoe Company can improve its performance by incorporating the CPFR method in its supply chain. It will allow the company to share adequate information regarding the respective product at different supply chain stages to facilitate planning, especially at the retail level, and the ultimate satisfaction of their customers.

The CPFR approach enhances the vertical coordination and incentives specialization across firm-level boundaries. It gives directions and principles to determine ethical and unethical behaviors in the company and its supply chain. Through adequate information distribution through the CPFR approach, Fleets company can recognize the implications of local and federal laws regarding business ethical standards. High-profile cases such as the shoe wear supply chain are prone to lack transparency to determine the activities at every stage of the supply chain. The Fleets company can benefit from using the CPFR technique and allow for transparency and effective coordination. The Fleets shoe company can identify their source of influence for ethical behaviors in the supply chain and implement the outcomes, hence perfecting operations at different supply chain stages.

The CPFR model provides a stable and practical framework that facilitates a smooth flow of commodities and information from vendors to the final consumer of the product. The technique also helps the Fleets company enhance its supply chain management by allowing the leaders to discover their true definition of loyalty. It makes it much easier to resolve disputes at different levels of the supply chain if players at this stage fail to adhere to the code of conduct or are involved in unethical behavior that can potentially jeopardize the supply chain of the Fleets Company. The CPFR model guides the retailers who provide shoes to act ethically by forecasting and determining the correct orders to offset consumer demands. An unbalanced market will likely lead to overpriced commodities due to very high demands. It means that retailers exploit consumers due to the disruption in the supply chain.

It is undeniable that the CPFR has helped many organizations streamline their supply chain and improve their general performance. It helps eliminate grey areas and allows for more trust between players at different levels of the supply chain. Fleets Company should consider adopting the model to gain more transparency and establish ethical behaviors for its employees, vendors, and retailers. This action will provide guidelines for handling unethical behaviors and consequent punishments.

Topic: Collapse of the Soviet Union

Requirements:

10-15 pages

Double spaced

Times New Roman

12 Font

MLA

Unlimited sources accepted as long ass they are cited correctly.

Causes that led to the collapseEffects of the collapse

What did this mean to the United States and how did the United States respond

Look into events and/or uprisings that led to the collapse

Collecting Resources Worksheet #1

(30 raw hw pts)

Name: Mireya Ibanez

Research Question:

Options for Asking a LibrarianUA Specific Research SupportMore TutorialsWorksheet Table of Contents

TOC h u z n Activity #1: Search the Library CatalogActivity #2: Search for Resources in PeriodicalsActivity #3: Search HumanitiesActivity #4: Search Natural SciencesActivity #5: Social SciencesActivity #6: Applied FieldsActivity #7: Reflect on Disciplinary Learning

Activity #1: Search the Library Catalog

You will find a wide variety of types of resources just searching the library catalog.

Go to the UA Library homepage and use the search engine for a general search. The general search will pull up books, both paper and digital, as well as other digital sources (journal, magazine, and news articles, films, etc.). Keep track of your more promising search results; write down titles, authors, and URLs below for at least two (2) results (make sure you know where/how to find the sources again; you might want to download a PDF if you have the option).

Resource #1:

Title: Sports- related concussions-media, science and policy

Author: Rebekah Mannix, William P. Meehan iii and Alvaro Pascual-Leone

https://arizona-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1h28lag/TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_5333496

Resource #2:

Title: It’s Not All Fun and Games: Sports, Concussions, and Neuroscience

Author: Christopher C. Giza, Mayumi L. Prins, and David A. Honda

https://arizona-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1h28lag/TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1913398832

Activity #2: Search for Resources in Periodicals

These search results will most likely provide both popular (non-academic) and academic sources.

Academic Databases: click on the “databases” tab from the UA Library homepageUA Library Databases by Subject PageGoogle Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/ (I suggest you go to settings and connect Google Scholar to the UA Library)

Newspaper Databases (searched the UA library database list)

Be sure to keep track of your more promising search results; write down titles, authors, and URLs below for at least two (2) results (make sure you know where/how to find the sources again; you might want to download a PDF if you have the option).

Resource #3:

Tittle: Why is it hard to stop sports concussions?

Author: Stephen Piazza

http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43707837

Resource #4:

Tittle: Schools should heed concerns over sports’ brain injuries

Author: Julie Underwood

http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24893267Activity #3: Search Humanities

Go to the UA Library Databases by Subject page. Search one arts and one humanities database using some/all of your research search terms (it doesn’t matter whether you think your research is related to the arts or humanities). Find at least one (1) source (you must be able to read the full text) about your subject/topic in each database, two (2) sources total. Seriously consider limiting your database search results to only peer-reviewed/refereed sources. For each source, write down titles, authors, and URLs below (make sure you know where/how to find the sources again; you might want to download a PDF if you have the option).

Resource #5:

Tittle: Traumatic brain injury reduction in athletes by neck strengthening

Author:

https://arizona-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1h28lag/TN_cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_62a012f58d334d3a869d651a9c81cdf5Resource #6:

Tittle: Concussions: A sport ethics commentary

Author: Dr. rob Hudson and Dr. Brandon Spradley

https://thesportjournal.org/article/concussions-a-sport-ethics-commentary/

Activity #4: Search Natural Sciences

Go to the UA Library Databases by Subject page. Search two different sciences databases using some/all of your research search terms (it doesn’t matter whether you think your research is related to the sciences). Find at least one (1) source (you must be able to read the full text) about your subject/topic in each database, two (2) sources total. Seriously consider limiting your database search results to only peer-reviewed/refereed sources. For each source, write down titles, authors, and URLs below (make sure you know where/how to find the sources again; you might want to download a PDF if you have the option).

Resource #7:

Tittle: Cerebral Microhemorrhages in a collegiate Football Player: Clinical Implications in the Management of Sports ConcussonsAuthor: Irfan M. Asif, Kimberly G. Harmon, Jonathan A. Drezner, John W. Okanehttps://doi-org.ezproxy4.library.arizona.edu/10.1177/1941738110374628Resource #8:

Tittle: Prevention of Sport-Related Concussion

Author: Peter K. Kriz and William O. Roberts

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2020.08.007Activity #5: Social Sciences

Go to the UA Library Databases by Subject page. Search two different social sciences databases using some/all of your research search terms (it doesn’t matter whether you think your research is related to the social sciences). Find at least one (1) source (you must be able to read the full text) about your subject/topic in each database, two (2) sources total. Seriously consider limiting your database search results to only peer-reviewed/refereed sources. For each source, write down titles, authors, and URLs below (make sure you know where/how to find the sources again; you might want to download a PDF if you have the option).

Resource #9:

Tittle: Concussion Epidemiology in Youth Sports: Sports Study of a Statewide High School Sports ProgramAuthor:Benjamin Chun, Troy Furutani, Ross Oshiro, Casey Young, Gale Prentiss, Nathan Murata

http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sph&AN=147578669&site=ehost-live

Resource #10:

Tittle: Concussion Knowledge, Attitude, and Risk Management Practices of High School Girls’ soccer coaches

Author: Kim Sungwon, Daniel P. Connaughton, Michael Sagas, Yong Jae Ko

http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sph&AN=147377265&site=ehost-liveActivity #6: Applied Fields

Go to the UA Library Databases by Subject page. Search two different applied field databases using some/all of your research search terms (it doesn’t matter whether you think your research is related to the social sciences). Find at least one (1) source (you must be able to read the full text) about your subject/topic in each database, two (2) sources total. Seriously consider limiting your database search results to only peer-reviewed/refereed sources. For each source, write down titles, authors, and URLs below (make sure you know where/how to find the sources again; you might want to download a PDF if you have the option).

Resource #11:

Tittle: Implications for concussion assessments and return-to-play standards in intercollegiate football: How are the risks managed?

Author: John J. Miller, John T Wendt, Nick Potter

http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.ezproxy4.library.arizona.edu/scholarly-journals/implications-concussion-assessments-return-play/docview/1730037906/se-2?accountid=8360

Resource #12:

Tittle: Reducing Traumatic Brain Injuries in Youth Sports: Youth Sports Traumatic Brain Injury State Laws, January 2009-December 2012

Author: Hosea Harvey

http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.ezproxy4.library.arizona.edu/scholarly-journals/reducing-traumatic-brain-injuries-youth-sports/docview/1399924101/se-2?accountid=8360Activity #7: Reflect on Disciplinary Learning

You just read about your topic from a variety of different perspectives. What did you learn? What surprised you? What would you like to know more about? Free write for at least 2-3 paragraphs.

I learned a variety of ways and clinical studies that were being conducted regarding concussions in general. I was able to see the different ways people were being affected by concussions not only in high school. As well as some techniques being made to help prevent but also to help after the concussion was attained. This was very interesting to look at the different ways concussions were incorporated in different peoples lives. Although I did find some research that wasn’t narrowed down to high school, I believe learning about all ages is important. I also think it was crucial for me to get research that looked at before, during, and after the injury has occurred.

I was surprised at the facts and statistics that were being presented in the research. As well as the fact that I thought about neck strengthening and then I found an article regarding that. I was very surprised at how common and universal concussions were. They occurred all over and there was an abundance of research being done to learn more about the topic. I was also surprised at the type of studies that were being conducted involving young athletes.

I would like to know more about the repercussions from getting a concussion. So, what short term affects there and what long term affects there are. As well as does playing sports from a young age have any affect? Does continuing on to college ball or professional have any affect? If so, what are they? I would also like to know if age and gender have any affect with obtaining concussions? As well as if a certain time period is better for recovery and prevention?