Chapter 6; Topic 2 (3)

Chapter 6; Topic 2

An RF Group and its RF NeighbourhoodsThe optimal setting for RF for each AP is monitored by the RRM. Several APs under the RRM algorithm s are considered members of a single logical RF group, and they are under unified administrative control. Since one FP group can configure a single controller, it contains all the APs joints to develop it. A single RF group can span multiple controllers, but only one can run the RRM algorithm for all the APs present in the RF group. In addition, RF neighborhoods are formed by APs contained in one RF group organized by the RRM.

RF Group and its RF Neighbourhoods; internet source

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/wireless/controller/7-6/configuration-guide/b_cg76/b_cg76_chapter_010000000.pdf

An RF group refers to a logical collection of controllers coordinating to perform the RRM in an optimized manner universally accepted. Its purpose is to calculate network performance based on per-radio. The RMM runs at a default time lap of 600 seconds. RF groups define controllers’ clusters and facilitate system-wide dynamic RF management. Access points validate messages to each other using the RF group name. An RF neighborhood in auto mode is formed automatically when access points on different controllers receive signals from validated neighbor messages with a –80 dBm or stronger signal strength. The RF group leader sends keepalive messages to each of the RF group members and collects real-time RF data

Multicultural Literature

Multicultural Literature

They say that east or west home is best am sure everyone can attest to this statement. However circumstances force us to move from our own native land so as to seek some sort of “better life” in a new and strange land. This can pose as a great challenge to the person when it comes to settling in the new strange land. There are however various situations that have been seen where a person easily fits into the new country with so much ease. This is attributed to the fact that the person possesses some various personal strengths that will enable the person to easily fit and therefore do well both socially and economically. This paper will therefore look at three characters who have successfully settled in a new land due to various strengths that each one of them possesses.

There are various reasons that led me to choose these three characters however their strengths are the main reasons that I made the specific choices. All this three characters have their own strengths that will enable them to survive and do well in the new land. The first character is good at Overcoming a challenges. Being in a new land that he is not familiar with is very challenging. Some of the challenging things can be such as the fact that he is in a land that the people speak different a language from him. This means that it can be very challenging for him to make any meaningful conversation with the people in case he needs something. Another challenging thing is the fact that he is in a land where there are people who are not of the same race as him. This means that there are chances that he might face racial discrimination during his stay in the new land. Another challenge in the new land is accommodation, this is very rare to find and it is a great challenge to secure a descent accommodation where one can stay comfortably. Employment is another challenge that he will face since it is very difficult for him to secure any form of employment. Coupled with the fact that he is a foreigner then it becomes more and more challenging. If he does not find himself any employment it means that it will be more challenging in the new land since he will lack means of survival and therefore become very difficult to sustain his basic needs in the new land (Demand Media, Inc, 2013).

However this character has the strength of overcoming challenges and therefore he will easily overcome the challenges that come his way in the new land. He is very good at adopting new things this means that he is talented at adaptability. This means that he is easy going and can easily go with the flow. He takes things as they come and therefore it will be very easy for him to adapt in the new land and it will be very easy for him to learn the language that is spoken by the people in the new land. Therefore he will easily embrace the language spoken there with great interest and it will be therefore very easy for him to learn the language. Therefore in a short period of time he was able to learn the main language of the people spoken by the people in the new land. With this it means that he easily overcomes the challenge of language and hence communication with the people is no longer a challenge. When it comes to overcoming racial discrimination he is consistent which means that he treats everyone with consistency which means that he will avoid any conflict that might be race related .this means that he will not give anyone room or chance to racially discriminate him. This means that throughout his stay in the land he will avoid rubbing people in the wrong way especially when it come to issues that pertain to race. Therefore he will have successfully overcome the challenge of racial discrimination and will be able to live with the people in the new land at peace with no conflicts. When it comes to the issue of accommodation his adaptability nature comes into play this means that he will be able to live right about anywhere that comes. He will adapt with ease in the place where he first finds accommodation without regarding the conditions that are presented in the area. This means that he will grab the any opportunity that comes his way when it comes to accommodation. Employment opportunities are scarce and therefore his strong communication theme will ensure that he expresses himself well in interviews that will give him a better chance on the opportunity. Being an achiever he has a great deal of stamina meaning that he will work very hard with everything in his power to ensure that he gets a chance of employment at any chance that has been presented to him. Being very competitive in nature it means that he will do everything possible to ensure that he gets employed with the limited employment opportunities that are there and yet people fighting to get the spot are many. Being a self-assurer it means that he is talented at feeling confident in any situation meaning that at instances where it seems challenging to get a job he will remain positive all the time. The confidence itself can be enough for him to successfully secure employment in the new land. His personal themes that he holds at heart are the ones that enable him to successfully overcome the various challenges that are presented to him. (Demand Media, Inc 2013).

The second character is very good at making new friends. Friends are very important in someone’s life this is because they help each other in times of need as well as sharing both good and bad times. Friends are therefore very important especially when someone is new in an area. Friends are the ones who will guide you when you are there in the new land. they will tell you what is expected of you when you are in that area; what you are supposed to do and what you are not supposed to do in terms of the expectations of the people in the area. This means that with someone to call a friend one will not go wrong in any way and will do everything that is expected of them and does it well. Therefore this second character is very good at making new friends first because he is talented in communication he easily finds a way of putting what he thinks into words and therefore this is very easy when it comes to making friends. He is god at striking conversations meaning that when he talks to someone for the first time the person will definitely like them and ensures that they remain friends since he is very interesting. His talent in the woo theme means that he loves the challenge of meeting new people and eventually winning them over (The Gallup Organization,2000).He therefore gets the satisfaction from breaking the ice and establishing connections with people meaning that he can make friends easily. His consistent nature plays a part when it comes to making friends since he is keen on treating people the same therefore if one becomes his friend will not be treated in a way that is not fair. The fact that he is also a relator also makes him make friends and keep them. This is because he enjoys close relationship with others, he is also satisfied when he works with friends so as to achieve a goal and no one can possibly fail to want to be friends with such a person. Therefore with many friends it will be very easy for the second character to fit in the new land with great ease (succeedsocially.com, 2013).

The third character is very good at starting businesses. When one is new in a land it can be very difficult for them to get any form of descent employment. This means that their life will be difficult if they cannot get any means of livelihood. Therefore if someone has capital they can take the option of starting their own business. However not everyone is good at setting up a business and it turning out to be successful. Therefore the third character is advantageous because he is good at starting businesses this is because of various talents that he possesses first his talent in strategic theme ensures that he can create alternative ways in case he is faced with a challenge in his business. His deliberative talent is also useful since he will be keen when it comes to making decisions or any choices that pertain to the business. His command theme is also important as it will guide him when it comes to taking control of situations and make the correct decisions on matters that pertain to his business. Anyone going into business should be analytical so that they can think about issues that might affect their business a quality that this character possesses (The Gallup Organization, 2000). His ability to work with others is also an important factor since in staring the business he will need people here and there in his operations especially due to the fact that he is in a new land he will need guidance on how businesses are operated in the land. Therefore with all this themes this third character will be able to start a business that will grow and do well. He will live comfortably and adopt well in the new land.

Therefore it can be concluded that even it is difficult and challenging to adopt into new lands anyone can fit in the new lands the only thing to be considered are the person’s strengths since this are what will make them adopt easily.

References

The Gallup Organization.(2000). StrengthsQuest.retrieved February 21, 2013 from

http://www.monroecc.edu/depts/StrengthsQuest/documents/2008-10-24QuickReference.pdfsucceedsocially.com. (2013). How to Make Friends And Get a Social Life. Retrieved February 21, 2013 from http://www.succeedsocially.com/sociallifeDemand Media, Inc. (2013). How to Overcome Challenges in Your Life. Retrieved February 21, 2013 from http://www.ehow.com/how_5058456_overcome-challenges-life.html

Chapter 6; Topic 2

Chapter 6; Topic 2

An RF Group and its RF NeighbourhoodsThe optimal setting for RF for each AP is monitored by the RRM. Several APs under the RRM algorithm s are considered members of a single logical RF group, and they are under unified administrative control. Since one FP group can configure a single controller, it contains all the APs joints to develop it. A single RF group can span multiple controllers, but only one can run the RRM algorithm for all the APs present in the RF group. In addition, RF neighborhoods are formed by APs contained in one RF group organized by the RRM.

multicultural_awareness

IMPLICATIONS OF MULTICULTURAL AWARENESS

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Multicultural awareness is a way we perceive greater understanding and appreciation of values experience, history and lifestyle of groups in respect to race, ethnicity, religious affiliation, social economic status and mental or physical abilities. Multi-cultural awareness emphasizes on the understanding of migration as a key influence on a person’s life. Post migration stressors might include racial discrimination, culture shock, language barriers and separation from home (Pedersen, 2000).

A good example why multicultural awareness should be applied is the case where a teenager of Pakistani- America origin attempted to commit suicide. The school officials had to communicate to her mother who did not understand or speak English. This is the reason why culture awareness should be mandatory in crisis intervention. The officials should have the understanding that not all people identify with their cultural background or language. The need for competent advisors who are prompt would have made the decisive move and helped the mother through a translator.

Culture is a behavioral pattern that is social through characteristics of a community. Culture influences the perception of threat, stress, reactions or healing (Pedersen, 2000). In most schools it is essential for school officials to have the basic or general knowledge on cultural diversity. This is important for crisis intervention because trust between people of different culture is essential. The quick development of rapport restores a client’s coping mechanism to precise level through communication both verbally and non-verbally.

Culture plays a role on how crisis is interpreted to both parties, intervener and victim. Victims tend to withdraw, retreat or be silent when people surrounding them will not accept them. Some physiologist believe that each crisis is different but culture plays a major role especially in provoking events. Implication of cultural awareness helps people gain greater awareness of others as well as develop new friendships.

In crisis intervention it is important to approach a conversation with culturally correct assumptions. This will help an educator give good advice and at the same time accurate assumptions of the situation. Multicultural awareness is a helping skill that is essential and without it conflict can be generated, or a hindrance in development of productive relationship (Klein, 2012). Educators have been advised to be cultural competent as this will assist them to genuinely connect with others.

In the case where a student is subjected to racial or religious slurs it should be noted that quick response is mandatory. This will prevent conflict but can only be attained when a psychologists keeps in mind; victims react within the context of their individual background. To be culturally competent educators or counsellors must be aware of cultural complexity of student’s cultural identities. Multicultural awareness helps comfort the victim while aiding them to a quick recovery. Acknowledging cultural differences helps resolve problems easier, faster and in an effective manner.

Reference

Pedersen, P. (2000). A Handbook for Developing Multicultural Awareness (3rd ed.). Michigan: American Counseling Association P- 18-120

Klein, A. M. (2012). Raising Multicultural Awareness in Higher Education (2nd ed.). University Press of America. P-66-69

Chapter 6; Topic 3

Chapter 6; Topic 3

Basic Concepts of the TPC algorithm

An RF group leader maintains a database of the list of neighbors that each AP overhears. Since the TPC algorithm runs on the RF group leader, it is capable of computing the impact that each AP has on its neighbors. The group leader searches the neighbor list for the AP and the respective RSSI values to determine the reception strength of one AP. The TPC algorithm can then configure a lower transmission power level if an APs reception strength is too strong in other AP cells. If the reception strength is too weak, the TPC algorithm appropriately raises the AP’s power level transmission.

Basic Concepts of the TPC algorithm, Internet source

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/wireless/controller/technotes/8-3/b_RRM_White_Paper/tpc.htmlIt is essential to choose an operating channel for an AP with the best Signal To Noise Ratio. TPC and DCA work hand in hand to manage the RF in the environment. The TPC has to Maximize the AP’s coverage and minimize its interference potential. The TPC also uses the TX neighbor and RF Neighbor lists generated by the NDP process. It means that the TPC will adjust the Tx power up or down to meet the required coverage level indicated by the TPC Threshold. TPC is a global algorithm that runs on the RF group leader and can be configured in RF profiles for groups of AP’s in an AP group.

Multiculturalism Concepts

Multiculturalism Concepts

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Date:

1. Describe the meaning of multiculturalism in your own words.

Multiculturalism is the situation whereby multiple groups of divergent cultures exist in a given society rather than in only a mainstream culture (Jackson, 2010, p.36). This is a term that is used to describe cultural diversity. A single area containing one society may contain people drawn from different cultural backgrounds. Multiculturalism generally applies to the demographical composition of a particular area. This may be in regards to a specific area or even at the institutional level for example; schools, firms, businesses, cities and even at the national level.

However, on a normative perspective, the term refers to the ideologies and policies that champion this cultural diversity in a given area. In this sense, these are efforts to promote and champion the free express of the various people’s identity without fear or favour in any community. These ideologies are however variant and they differ from one institution to the other and from one nation to the other. This ideology advocates for equal recognition and equal respect to the various cultures that occur in a given society. Multiculturalism entails the diversities in ethnicity as well as religious affiliations of different people (Neil, 2002, p.43).

Two distinctive policies that have been developed as government strategies on multiculturalism have emerged. The first one pertains to the interaction and communication between different cultures. The interactions of cultures provide opportunities for the cultural differences to communicate and interact to create multiculturalism (Jackson, 2010, p.134). The second approach is basically entails the diversity and the cultural uniqueness. In this approach, the policy enhances on the avoidance of presenting a given ethnic, religious or cultural community as central.

2. Is the United States of America a multicultural country? Why or why not?

The United States of America is a typical example of a multicultural country since it contains people form divergent cultures from all over the world (Peskin and Edmund, 2011, p.345). The combination of all these cultures contributes to the overall American way of life. A culture is a way of living in a given community that is passed on from one generation to another. It entails things like, the dressing, people’s diets, places of living, way of worship as well as other customs and beliefs. Therefore, the existence of divergent cultures in the United States of America gives a diverse range of foods, religions, businesses and ideas in this one nation.

The United States of America has been multicultural since the first settlers came to America. Numerous people from other continents have immigrated into the country since the colonial period and in the post independent America. For hundreds of years, the United States has welcomed many people into the countries from all the continents including; Europe, Asia, Africa and South America (Peskin and Edmund, 2011, p.378). Many of the immigrants come to the United States looking for greener pastures since economically the country is well placed. People from all the four races in the globe emigrate out of their motherland and end up being in America.

Therefore, we can comprehensively conclude that there is no culture that dominates or is 100 percent pure. In the past hundred years, people of different races and from totally different communities intermingled and even intermarried producing new cultures which can be referred to as hybrids. The USA’s dream of giving hope to so many people in the world has seen the highest immigrations into the country (Neil, 2002, p.235). This people are from communities speaking different languages and having divergent beliefs and hence cultures.

3. Why is multiculturalism a controversial issue for some people?

Multiculturalism is the appreciation, acceptance and promotion of multiple cultures in a society. Multiculturalists believe that in a multi-ethnic society, culture difference should be preserved and celebrated because such a vision sees diversity as a positive force increasing the richness of communities and actually encouraging tolerance (Anne, 2011, p.218). However, some people are skeptical about this art of bringing together numerous cultures to develop a hybrid culture. These opponents see it as an unwanted vision that has been imposed to them by the liberal progressive elite.

The controversial detail that arises due to this is the fear of the unknown. The opponents of cultural integration cite a possible loss of national identity and unity as their main reason for opposing it. Critics also may also argue for assimilation of different ethnic and cultural groups to a single national identity (Peskin and Edmund, 2011, 890). These controversies have arisen in Europe and Australia. Academicians and other intellectuals have also challenged the act of bringing together various cultures and have emphasized on the need to maintain the individual cultures for the purpose of identity of a given community.

The earliest academic critics of multiculturalism in Australia were the philosophers Lachlan Chipman and Frank Knopfelmacher, sociologist Tanya Birrell and a political scientist Raymond Sestito (Neil, 2002, 112). Chipman and His counterpart were concerned of the threat multiculturalism posed to cohesion. Argument also exists that despite multiculturalism serving the needs of ethnic politics; it is a perilous concept on which to find policy.

4. How can the three sociological perspectives (social functionalism, social conflict, and symbolic interaction) be used to conceptually understand multiculturalism?

Multiculturalism situation can be comprehended by looking at it through various sociological perspectives. The three perspectives can be categorized into three; social functionalism, social conflict and symbolic interaction. The social functionalistic approach is based on the ideology that, the society is made up of distinct but vital parts, and all of these parts must be filled for the society to function in an upright manner (Anne, 2011, p.65). Social functionalism appreciates the role of multiculturalism in creating a stable and flourishing state. In this perspective, multiculturalism is considered as a tool of conflict management which fosters peace and harmony in a given society by making the minority and the majority communities comfortable with each other.

On the social conflicts perspective multiculturalism can be looked into as in the conflicts that arise between the various communities with different cultural backgrounds. Conflicts involving minorities are not due to so much cultural differences or their failure of integration. The main common means used to show that multiculturalism has failed is to attribute it to be the cause of social conflicts and from more extreme positions to blame the ethnic minorities (Neil, 2002, 564).

Symbolic interaction has a more focused attention to the specific interactions in the society (Jackson, 2010, 245). It is in this view that people define situations based on their own perceptions of multiculturalism. Therefore, the term multiculturalism becomes the basis for interaction between different people with a different view point. Different faces of people intermingle to put out a truly multicultural lifestyle. It emphasizes human creativity especially through the use of symbols and a language that create social order and a cultural meaning.

References

Anne M. (2011). Culture clash: An international legal perspective on ethnic discrimination. New York: Ashgate publishing.

Jackson R. (2010). Encyclopedia of identity. California: Sage.

Neil B. (2002). Selling illusions: the myth of multiculturalism. Toronto: Penguin.

Peskin L. and Edmund F. (2011). America and the world: Culture, commerce and conflict. Alabama: JHU press.

Multiculturalism has generated a lot of debate in the recent times

Introduction

Multiculturalism has generated a lot of debate in the recent times. This is more so as far as issues pertaining to women have been in question. Since time immemorial, there have always been claims as to the discrimination that women undergo not only from the laws in their states but also in the domestic front. It is this argument that Susan Okin puts forth. She insinuates that there has been tension between feminists who aim at promoting women equality and multiculturalists whose aim is to enhance preservation of endangered and disadvantaged groups. She examines the instances in which efforts advance the international human rights of women have been on collision course with the cultural claims.

Feminism has stated that as much as significance of religious and national particularities in the varied cultural, religious and historical systems have to be considered, every state irrespective of its economic, cultural and political systems must promote and protect all the human rights and basic freedoms. The argument that the rights of women must be above the national traditions attracted a lot of opposition with some feminists considering it to be a form of intellectual colonialism. Any individual who is not part of a particular religious or cultural community speaking about the issue of violation of women rights within that particular community’s traditions would be taken as intrusive since it is not possible to know another culture when you are not in it. She opines that anyone claiming people’s or group’s rights has an obligation to consult the women in the religious or cultural group concerned and not just take the opinions of its representatives or men.

There has been general consensus that the minority communities must have the right to uphold their respective cultures but there is a disagreement about the limits or basis of that particular right. Some feel that the right should be enjoyed as long as it does not contradict the fundamental conditions of civility, while others insinuate that the dissenting members should be granted the right to exit. Others ask the minority communities to internally organize themselves in line with liberal lines by observing fundamental liberties, practicing equality of sexes and enhancing personal autonomy. While Okin agrees with the last approach, she feels that many cultures both majority and minority are intensely sexist and promote subordination of women through various practices that are too subtle to be caught by law or be curbed. She insinuates that the women in these cultures are conditioned to have low view of themselves as well as accepting and rationalizing the subordinate status. This results in damage on their well-being in which case they would grow with low self esteem and self respect. She opines that liberal societies must ensure that in upholding culture, sexism is not shielded and that the leaders of the minority cultures should not be the only spokespersons.

I definitely agree with most of her views. Suppression of women, polygamy, child or forced marriages, improper rape victims’ treatment and female genital mutilation (clitoridectomy) are evil on evil as well as moral grounds. In addition, she is very right to insinuate that the respect for culture must exist on condition that it does not condone oppression or inhumanity.

However, I would disagree with some of the issues that she chooses to ignore as well as some of her conclusions. As she admits, it is difficult to evaluate and demonstrate inequality between sexes. It becomes a problem to define them once they are past a particular point. Treatment of women as inferior in particular societies only happens when they are young but would be valued and even would be considered as superior to men after reaching a particular age or leading virtuous lives, becoming grandmothers and displaying extraordinary qualities. It is for this reason that many societies even when they display sexist tendencies will accept and welcome women leaders irrespective of their class. In this case, it is difficult to assess how deep gender inequality is since there are variations as to the treatment of women in varied stages of life. They would also be variation in the rights that they are endowed with at varied stages.

Okin also focuses on the extreme cases while ignoring the problems that come with passing judgment on other cultures. Anyone would acknowledge that female genital mutilation is unacceptable when undertaken on women. However, she ignores the fact that many are the times when sane and gown women undergo it more so after the last child is born in order to control their sexuality or as a signal that they will be primarily mothers and not wives.

In addition, it is important to consider the perception of the situation by women themselves. There are some who definitely do not agree with the feminist ideas. It would be unfair to label them as indoctrinated individuals who have fallen victim to false consciousness that is generated by culture and therefore requiring liberation. That would not only be patronizing but would also deny them the equality that forms the basis of the argument in the first place. While they may be brainwashed, it is important to accepting the self understanding of varied positivist extremes and imposing our self understanding uncritically on them.

Debate for and against eradication of the FGS

Multiculturalism refers to a policy which occurs when numerous subcultures exist under one jurisdictional framework with all constituents being affected by an all-inclusive policy but still allowing some room for varied cultural norms. The following is a debate between western feminist who is against believes in tolerance of the cultural differences on condition that it does not allow FGM and a mother hailing from a culture that endorses FGM.

Western feminist: I am not completely against multiculturalism. However, what I find appalling is the fact that inhuman acts such as FGM should be allowed in a free society all in the name of multiculturalism.

Mother: why should that be a problem to you? Why would you insinuate that FGM is wrong whereas it is entrenched in our very culture? Why should we allow you to make you policies without even consulting us and then impose them on us? Don’t you think that would be a bit patronizing, more like we will be living your lives?

WF: Not at all. It will be a well meant effort to give you back your rights as a woman in which case you will be equal even in marriage. This practice is definitely demeaning on your womanhood and therefore your equality would be replicated in other areas such as the workplace, politics etc.

Mother: Really? Demeaning? I don’t think so. Why should it be demeaning while I chose to undergo it without being forced by any man? It is a show of maturity, a graduation from a wife to a mother. Do you even know how it feels to graduate from one stage to another?

WF: What I mean is that any group that is seeking rights and official recognition in a liberal society must reform its practices and teachings and align them with the fundamental equality of sexes.

Mother: I would be adamant to make such a proposition. Equality would not just come automatically. Even between men it does not come automatically. Don’t we have women who are more superior to other men based on their accomplishments age or even extra-ordinary traits? What more equality would we be looking for?

WF: I definitely acknowledge the central importance of family or personal law to your culture. But then that law is equally important to you as a woman. If there are particular rights that do not apply equally to men and women, that inequality would reverberate throughout a woman’s life sometimes with detrimental effects.

Mother: And how would you measure gender inequality in the family or even community? How would you tell whether our community observes your standards pertaining to equality? In any case, why should you consider our community as so degenerate and lacking in emancipatory resources as to be under an obligation to meet some conditions imposed externally as a condition for its being trusted with particular rights? Don’t you think you will be going too far whereas your mandate should only be on demanding particular fundamental rights? Anything beyond that would be eating up the same equality you are talking of in the first place.

Conclusion

While feminism as a concept comes with particular right, only when they are customized to suit the likes and preferences of the particular cultural groups would it be likely to yield any fruit. In this case therefore, multicultural though attacked by feminists should be encouraged more so when the individuals involved are making a conscious choice to follow the policies of the culture.

References

http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/submitted/okin/multicultural.htmlWhen Cultural Values Clash with Universal Rights:Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women?

By Susan Moller Okinhttp://bostonreview.net/BR22.5/parekh.htmlA Varied Moral World A response to Susan Okin’s “Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women?” by Bhikhu Parekh

Chapter 4 Findings and Analysis

Chapter 4: Findings and Analysis

Results, Findings, and Analysis

In-depth interviews with Chinese factory owners and managers of clothing brands were conducted to get a sense of how the crisis has impacted the day-to-day operations of the textile and garment industries. During discussions with factory owners, it was discovered that only a limited number of customers are now placing orders with major, well-known firms. However, these purchasers have reduced the amount they order, maintained (cheap) costs the same, upped quality criteria, and requested more than one style. Textile and garment producers must invest a significant amount of time and money in developing new goods for fewer orders. This, according to Brydges, Retamal, and Hanlon (2020) contradicts the economic order quantity paradigm and reduces wages and productivity.

Variable demand and unstable patterns have caused buyers to worry a lot more about on-time deliveries and want air delivery a lot more. Costs for shipping and freight have gone up by more than double according to all respondents. Because of this, logistics are at an all-time high, and the price per unit of clothing has gone up as a result. All of these things have an effect on the cash cycle of the manufacturer, which happens when the customer sells the goods and pays back the loan. Since the credit limit has gone up, there will be more money owed to banks. Since the payment cycle is now twice as long, the vendors pay about twice as much interest on any loans they take out. Because of these things, the export industry’s profit margins have gone down a lot, making it hard for many vendors to break even. Millions of people have lost their jobs because of the pandemic. This means that the working population has already lost the most, and more will come. During the interviews, the owners of the plant said that there was no guarantee of business and that they would have to let employees go because there were more and more bad things happening around the country. Because there are so many employees, the workers haven’t gotten much help from the company or the government in terms of money or health care. How hard it is for a country to keep its economy stable during a crisis depends directly on how big it is.

It was clear from the in-depth interviews that although the garment industry had made considerable technical advances, few of them had been implemented. According to studies, not even the most technologically proficient businesses that have digitized their processes and workflows are prepared for all of the challenges that accompany the digital transformation. Even while some garment companies possessed the technology, their staff either did not know how to use it or continued to use outmoded processes. The factory owners had to devote both money and the time of their staff in this endeavor. In addition, they feared that automating the activities may lead to job losses, which would worsen the epidemic’s already high unemployment rate. This might make it challenging for China’s small textile and garment industry to absorb new technology. The sector’s reluctance to adapt to changing conditions is another reason it has not evolved as rapidly as other industries in India, Europe, and the United States.

Even among locally manufactured brands, there is intense rivalry. Due to social distance restrictions, markets and shopping complexes prohibit admission. As a consequence, people find it more difficult to move about, which has led to a nationwide shortage of retail locations. Managers and owners have admitted that the sharp decrease in consumer spending during the first half of 2020 has damaged the Chinese economy. Due to their imminent shutdown for almost the whole year of 2020, a number of stores in several of the nation’s most popular cities have either stopped paying their rent or abandoned their sites.

According to the collected data, it is obvious that the majority of domestic brand owners are affected by unsold inventory, often known as “deadstock,” overhead expenditures, and the need to decrease staff as a consequence of a rapid sales fall. The cash flow cycle is being interrupted as a result of the considerable amount of money being held back in finished, ready-to-sell products. Due to the fact that digital marketing is progressively becoming the most important means for selling and promoting products worldwide throughout the pandemic, it was researched if local business owners and designers were aware of it. The majority of them were aware of the omnichannel approach, but because they lacked comprehensive knowledge in this area, it was difficult for them to implement it. Internet sales of local brands produced much less income as a result. This demonstrates that there is a significant information gap in the digitalization of the value chain as represented in figure 3 below, which has generated a significant economic challenge for Chinese textile makers.

Fig 3: Value Chain Digitization of the Chinese Textile Sector post-Covid

Local community support was widely ignored by Chinese textile and clothing companies during COVID-19, despite its value in establishing local networks and reputations (Chakraborty & Biswas, 2020). One responder to this question said that their firm had arranged a sewing project to manufacture cloth masks with the assistance of volunteers and local facilities, resulting in a rise in demand for the company’s products. If these community projects were highlighted in the media and disseminated through social media, they would attract widespread interest. Despite the fact that enterprises in the Chinese clothing, textile, and garment industries have been working on adaptive clothing and other medical goods, it is questionable how much the textile and garment industry will gain from COVID-19’s health care standards. Notably, respondents feel that neither the accessible information nor the available resources are organized by textile entity in China. It is possible that textile firms would actively seek the aid or participation of the community in order to establish a good self-image and fulfill their social responsibilities.

The majority of respondents to the research identified innovation and a proprietary fabric, a solid working relationship with the local government, an agile supply chain, rapid responses, and sensible investments in digital channels as the company’s most valuable assets. According to several of the other study participants, the company’s powerful branding and unique product positioning helped it retain a loyal customer base. Even when the economy is failing, retail stores with adaptive physical and online distribution networks may continue to generate money. Strong sourcing skills in Asian countries guaranteed that orders could be changed to meet the organization’s specifications. One of the factory owners asserted that their company was able to quickly align with downstream mask businesses, obtain certification from foreign nations, and establish itself as one of the few mask manufacturers able to maintain complete control over the supply chain and quality by having access to buyers from various nations and regions. This was one of the aspects that facilitated the factory’s collaboration with subsequent mask manufacturers. This illustrates that even though Chinese textile and garment companies evaluate their resources and learn from their previous mistakes, they must continue be aware of how their surroundings and fashions are evolving.

The study highlights and emphasizes the following critical and crucial tasks that the Chinese clothing and textile industry must do in order to adapt to the new norm, based on what research respondents stated. To aid with this, a comprehensive analysis of each level of the conceptual model has been given. At important points in the conceptual model, it will be vital for members of many departments to cooperate and coordinate. In the new climate, the success of fashion businesses will depend on leadership and the implementation of innovative business ideas. Many everyday tasks need cross-functional coordination in order to maintain the consistency, efficiency, and effectiveness of large, complicated supply chains. Among these include expediting the fashion cycle, developing using sustainable materials, and manufacturing and distributing products.

Second, the crisis has hastened the use of digital technology throughout the whole value chain. Consequently, every part of the Chinese garment and textile industry has grown more inventive and efficient. This was a direct result of the crisis’s disruption of the value chain. Executives in the industry are certain that the enormous paradigm changes and modifications that have already occurred will persist long after the crisis has subsided. Despite the fact that the digital revolution was covered in the parts of our model pertaining to retail and wholesale, it is essential to remember that digital escalation should occur across the whole value chain. In difficult times, both courage and wisdom are required. Before COVID-19, the bulk of fashion companies were aware of digital advancements. Businesses in the fashion industry are excellent at executing innovative digital initiatives during normal business hours. These strategies include custom design, direct digital manufacturing, virtual trade shows, an intelligent supply chain, e-commerce, and worldwide sales.

Thirdly, new concerns have been raised over the competitiveness of China’s major and small textile and clothing sectors via collaboration. Due to the low barriers to entry, there are several small brands and garment manufacturers in the textile industry. Due to their lack of resources, the likelihood of long-term success for small businesses is diminished. Due to the fragmented structure of the textile and apparel supply chain, it is becoming harder for many small businesses to compete. However, these businesses promote the economy and provide novel ideas. They also provide individuals the option to get work. To aid these small businesses and build long-term plans for a speedy recovery, the whole industry must collaborate and enact the required legislative changes. The efforts of policymakers are also essential. However, even the greatest businesses have boosted their merger and acquisition activities. During the pandemic, some Chinese clothes factories and manufacturers filed bankruptcy indicating the seriousness of the pandemic and how it will influence the ongoing post-covid efforts.

Chapter 5: Discussion of Findings

Development in terms of Design and Product

To capitalize on new market prospects, the apparel, textile, and garment industries must develop new goods. Several individuals created a variety of masks during the epidemic, ranging from couture masks with ornamentation to masks with strange patterns (Coppola, Vollero, & Siano, 2021). Several Chinese textile and apparel companies, for example, have positioned themselves to compete in a certain market sector. To meet their customers’ health and safety demands, these firms created a range of antibacterial intimate apparel (Cui, 2022). A number of companies have produced new kinds of fabrics and clothes with safety features in response to consumer worries about their own health. Businesses in the textile, garment, and apparel sectors were compelled to implement the aforementioned changes in order to prevent becoming victims of the COVID-19 epidemic.

Companies have separated themselves on the market by using their own design skills and sourcing materials that are unique to their sector. As a result, they are able to satisfy their customers’ practical as well as aesthetic needs. Using idle manufacturing capacity helped numerous enterprises to start operations right away. They were able to do so because they had gathered experience in clothing manufacturing through tough times (Herbst, 2022). Firms that make knit underwear, for example, utilized their own fabric to produce one-of-a-kind items that met customer expectations both during and after the epidemic. Despite the epidemic, numerous firms were able to continue operations as usual. These items are designed for long-term use. Masks, for example, were upgraded to provide a better degree of protection, and they were made available to schools and other organizations for usage. To meet the ever-increasing demand for their products, a number of firms have invested in licenses that enable them to produce medical clothes as well as other items. The bulk of firms in China’s textile and garment sector are now pushed to explore commercial prospects in both local and international markets. Companies have been obliged to adapt their production techniques due to the complexity of COVID-19 strains (Huang, Yan, & Yang, 2021). The great majority of textile and clothing industries, for example, have adjusted their product lines to accommodate the rise of new mask brands. As a result, the variety of innovative marketing approaches has grown. For example, you may have seen that some businesses have created brand-new goods that clients may utilize according on their mood. Moreover, other businesses have employed a similar technique. These new items are currently available at a variety of retail places. Masks and gloves were often regarded just accessories, but they now serve a variety of functions. They may, for example, serve as both stylish accessories and necessary safety equipment. There are, however, a few foundations that stand out and are well-liked by consumers. Some items, such as an antibacterial seaweed fabric, are touted as having special health advantages.

To account for things now in store as well as those projected to come soon, the selection must be classified by time, season, and area. Seasonal paces have a significant impact on fashion, as seen by changes in China’s textile and garment industries. On the other side, as the number of individuals working from home increases, certain holiday themes are no longer as popular as they once were, and others are no longer available for purchase. The study results show a change in customer demand, as seen by a rise in demand for cosmetics, sports equipment, and loungewear, including yoga wear. The survey also found an increase in demand for loungewear. Chinese manufacturers are under intense pressure to expand their product lines to include more sports and loungewear, as well as boost the number of patterns that may be worn all year (Ivanov, 2020). The majority of textile and garment workers in China believe that streetwear firms can provide the need for casual and comfortable clothing. Customers spending less time outdoors have a detrimental influence on sales at high-end businesses selling luxury goods and streetwear, where these customers like to purchase (Kulsum, 2020). As a result, several companies in the garment and textile sectors are revising their assortment plans to accommodate for product distribution and shop locations throughout the globe. If a company’s strategy revolves on what its customers desire, it may be necessary to simplify its product categories (joy et al., 2012), inventory levels, and selection process. As a result, they will be better positioned to satisfy their clients’ demands.

In order to stay relevant in the face of the pandemic, a rising number of individuals and businesses are embracing basic designs that may serve several functions. Even if it is difficult to forecast how the economy would function after COVID, the Great Recession serves as a helpful reminder to keep to fundamental ideals. This is due to the fact that simple designs are more flexible to a variety of economic situations (Zhou, 2021). Consumers may be less likely to spend money on fashion as the global unemployment rate increases, but they may be drawn to traditional, timeless trends (McMaster et al., 2020). Customers are urged to use their own imagination to come up with new ways to design the items they currently own. As a consequence, they will have additional chances and financial savings (Niu & Zhu, 2021). Chinese garment, textile, and clothing manufacturers are being pushed to emphasize simpler designs and request customer feedback on redesigned goods through social media and other online forums. This is because customer demand for user-friendly goods is increasing.

Review of Post-Covid Sourcing and Manufacturing

According to the study’s results, it is becoming increasingly common for people to earn money from many sources. Because of their dependence on long lead times and a small number of suppliers, Chinese firms in the textile and clothing industries are especially vulnerable to the discretionary character of the category (Zhang, He, & Cheng, 2021). Some businesses are having difficulty owing to supply chain challenges. When China was badly damaged, these struggling businesses were forced to look for other suppliers, which may be tough owing to cost and quality problems (Park & Lin, 2020). Many fashion enterprises in China’s surrounding countries, such as Taiwan, choose to buy from many countries rather than just one. This is done to reduce risk and establish a balance between competing costs, quality, speed, reliability, and source flexibility (Pensupa et al., 2018). It was shown that many organizations continue to get their commodities from a wider range of sources. The bulk of these firms today get their resources from more than ten different countries or regions. Firms are now attempting to preserve critical linkages in their supply chains while simultaneously consolidating their supplier sources (Yoo, Jung, & Oh, 2021). Despite the fact that they have four facilities outside of China, big textile and garment enterprises continue to provide more on-site and efficient services to their customers in order to cut order fulfillment time and the number of possible safety problems.

Chinese textile, textiles, and clothing enterprises may need to pay more attention to the risks connected with international trade. As a result of COVID, hospitals and other facilities, such as nursing homes, need materials that may be used to make protective clothing. As a result, apparel and textile manufacturers now have access to an altogether new market. Many companies in the textile, garment, and clothing industries are keen to capitalize on this potential. More than 200 textile and garment companies in China have employed idle production facilities to compensate for the widespread shortage of personal protective equipment expected in 2020 (Rahaman et al., 2021). Small manufacturers confront a variety of important obstacles as a growing number of clothing, textile, and garment enterprises join the market for personal safety equipment. These challenges include having the knowledge and abilities required to assure high standards and quality, doing research on what importing countries want, acquiring the relevant licenses and certifications, and complying to legal restrictions. As a result, only major corporations have been able to pool their resources enough to profit on the rising market for PPE manufacture in China and other countries.

The garment industry is facing a number of new problems, including flexible capacity planning and moving production to its original location. As a result of global commerce advances, Chinese firms in the garment, textile, and apparel industries are learning that they must rethink the value chain. It is vital to study local shore options in order to make production more flexible and autonomous. According to recent research, there is an urgent need to initiate garment manufacture in countries where there is still a significant demand for clothes and related commodities (Ye, Hung Lau, & Teo, 2021).

It is a creative idea to change the traditional technique of making textiles, materials, and garments to fit current production trends. A flexible capacity design helps both parties by allowing supply and demand to balance. This is due to the fact that the clothing, textile, and garment industries may utilize underused capacity. As expected, the Chinese clothing, textile, and garment industries are fast altering their production techniques to produce face masks, hospital gowns, and scrubs in order to not only survive but also profit from the outbreak (Shah, Lütjen, & Freitag, 2021). Along with planning for flexible capacity, it is critical to return certain objects to their original places. When Chinese textile firms join the fashion manufacturing industry, they must examine how this will affect their value proposition, the market, and the organization’s goals (Yao & Shang, 2021). The variable capacity approach is much more difficult to execute and would need a complete industrial revolution.

Retail Distribution and Consumers

Because of shifts in client behavior, clothing firms are required to make adjustments to their business processes. As more nations release the lockdown orders and shops eventually reopen, consumers are coming to terms with the fact that they must go on with their lives despite the presence of COVID-19. This process of acceptance is occurring as more countries lift the lockdown orders. In each of the several markets that the wholesale and retail sectors service, new patterns of consumer behavior are becoming more noticeable (Tu & Wu, 2021). When creating and manufacturing new goods, it is vital to take into account the shifting expectations of consumers, the requirements of working from home, and the diminishing interest in buying high-end fashion items. These considerations were mentioned before. Purchasing practices have evolved in response to improvements in convenience and competitive pricing. During this period of economic uncertainty, a great number of customers have ventured into uncharted territory by trying out new product lines or making their first purchases online (Shao, Li, & Yao, 2021). When it comes to the process of shopping, consumers are less engaged in making real purchases and more focused with finding the best deal possible (Kulsum, 2020). They look for companies that can provide for all of their requirements, and they put their trust in merchants to safeguard them whenever they make a purchase. Chinese enterprises that deal in apparel, textiles, and garments need to reduce the amount of time it takes for them to respond to requests and boost how responsive they are in order to adopt a strategy that is more fluid and dynamic when it comes to selling items to customers.

The growing knowledge among consumers of the benefits of leading healthy lives will have an effect on the choices that businesses make about the creation of new products and investments. When a corporation makes the decision to invest a significant amount of money in a brand-new clothing manufacturing line, this marks the beginning of the company’s long-term goal. For instance, companies will see an increase in their earnings as a result of the launch of new mask brands, which will also assist these firms in developing a unique brand identity in this specialized market. in particular the very specialized market for masks. In addition, the primary products provide product attributes that may be useful to customers whose demands are still in the process of being formulated. Businesses are recommending the incorporation of technological ideas and the idea of smart clothes into the process of developing new products and engaging in branding activities in order to accommodate the changing lifestyles of their target clients (Shah, Lütjen, & Freitag, 2021). This trend may encourage more businesses to engage in new projects or change the way they approach creating retail experiences and other crucial phases of the clothes, textiles, and apparel supply chain. Alternatively, this trend may prompt more businesses to change how they currently create retail experiences. Instead, it may discourage companies from making investments in their operations.

Sustainability in the Clothing, Textile, and Garment Value Chain

The pandemic will alter people’s perceptions of sustainability, leading retailers and consumers of fashion to pay more attention to problems including waste management, consumerism, and unethical business methods. In a number of emerging countries that are important sourcing sites, such as India and Indonesia, millions of workers have lost their jobs, and each nation is working to preserve its position on the global market. The global economic crisis has caused major issues in a number of countries (Chakraborty & Biswas, 2020). Several employees have lost their jobs as a consequence of Chinese firm closures. Customers, it has been found, expect fashion brands to assume accountability for their actions and deal with social and environmental issues on a regular basis. The Chinese fabric, textile, and apparel industries showed a heightened sense of social responsibility during this pandemic by assisting the global community in meeting the rising need for personal protective equipment.

Businesses involved in the whole global value chain for garments, textiles, and apparel may gain by placing technology at the center of their sustainability activities and creating effective sustainable governance. Utilizing 3D printing, eco-friendly design, and slow fashion may boost the sustainability of product creation. Fashion firms must develop adaptable production methods in response to the disruptions in sourcing and supply chain management brought on by COVID-19 in order to prevent pandemic and demand risks (Huang, Yan, & Yang, 2021). Inadequate subcontracting practices in the apparel industry and unequal bargaining power among suppliers contributed to breaches of the “code of conduct” for social compliance during the COVID-19 epidemic. In the post-COVID-19 age, the inclusion of disruptive risk-sharing contracts will aid in the evolution of a sustainable sourcing paradigm.

If retailers and customers talk about the openness of the supply chain more often, customers will have a better understanding of organizations’ sustainability efforts. Fast fashion companies are being pushed to adapt as more customers show an interest in durable and timeless fashion products or a desire to maintain the things they currently own for lengthy periods of time (Niu & Zhu, 2021). The COVID-19 period may operate as a wake-up call for Chinese textile, apparel, and clothing manufacturers, spurring them to reconfirm their commitment to environmentally friendly business practices and quickening the pace of change in the sector.

References

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Chakraborty, S., & Biswas, M. C. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on the Textile, Apparel and Fashion Manufacturing Industry Supply Chain: Case Study on a Ready-Made Garment Manufacturing Industry. Journal of Supply Chain Management, Logistics and Procurement, 3(2), 181–199. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3762220

Coppola, C., Vollero, A., & Siano, A. (2021). Consumer upcycling as emancipated self-production: Understanding motivations and identifying upcycler types. Journal of Cleaner Production, 285, 124812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124812

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Zhou, L. (2021). Need for development of low carbon econom

Mrs. Smith (not real name) is an 87 year old woman who was once married for many years to the founder of a major medical devi

Case studies

#1) Mrs. Smith (not real name) is an 87 year old woman who was once married for many years to the founder of a major medical device company. After her divorce, she opened a bank. Her oldest son is now President and CEO of the bank. Mrs. Smith graduated from the U of M. when the women’s basketball team went to the Final Four, she became very intrigued with their success. She wanted to help and support the team. She made a major gift of $500,000. As we begin to work on a new basketball practice facility, please respond to the following questions:

Is she a good prospect for this campaign? If so, why?

What amount would be a consider asking for if you did proceed?

What would be a couple of ways you would cultivate Mrs. Smith?

What would be your initial approach?

What types of questions would you use?

Who would you involve in cultivation, ask?

What would your overall strategy be for Mrs. Smith?

What stewardship ideas would you propose?

Is there anything else you would suggest, consider?

Any concerns you have with this prospect?

#2) Max is a former baseball player for the Gophers and is around 40 years old. Max now works for his father’s company, XYZ Enterprises which owns many different food brands (involving people and pet foods). The company has recently expanded to include a new plant in Phoenix, AZ. He still makes frequent trips back to Minnesota to headquarters. They have purchased season tickets for FB as well as Men’s BB. They also host a golf tournament in their hometown to raise money for Gopher Athletics-roughly $10,000-$15,000 each year.

Is Max a good prospect? If so, why?

What about his father-is he a good prospect?

If one or both are prospects, for what are they prospects?

What amount would you approach Max or his Dad for? How?

What types of cultivation strategies would you employ?

What is your overall strategy?

What types of questions would you ask?

Whom would you involve in the cultivation, the ask?

What stewardship ideas would you propose, consider?

Anything else you would consider?

What concerns if any do you have?

고마우면….500원

Adventures of Sherlock Holmes by Doyle, Arthur Conan 2

Name

Professor

Course

Date

Adventures of Sherlock Holmes by Doyle, Arthur Conan

Introduction

The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes was written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in 1892. The first narrative, A Study in Scarlet, was published the in 1887. Doyle abandoned his career as a physician five years following the production of Sherlock Holmes. He wrote numerous short narratives and a few Sherlock Holmes books in forty years. Doctor Watson and Sherlock Holmes were created by Doyle in England, at a time he has legal problems.

BODY

The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes attracted numerous readers, since it was well written. During its era in The Strand, the people took pleasure in obtaining a new chapter of this book every week. Doyle is attached to Sherlock Holmes since he was also adventurous as well as a detective. The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes as a mystery novel brings out the covetousness that money grants to people.

Theme. Sherlock Holmes utilizes a peculiar category of technique in his work. This is a technique that distinguishes him from his occasional contemporaries in the police force, as well as from the ordinary man. He refers to this technique as deduction, and the utilization of deduction is a universal theme, running in every Sherlock Holmes narrative. In common sense, deduction is the conjecture of a conclusion from grounds such as the supposition of the actuality that Socrates is mortal. This is in regard to the knowledge that, Socrates is human, and that every human being is mortal. This technique is different from induction, which entails gathering separate facts or instances, and trying to draw normal conclusions from them that usually hold but that is not rationally expected to hold.

Conclusion. Sherlock Holmes is undoubtedly one of the most adored figures in the record of mystery fiction. The character’s legacy is timeless, since the book has been repeatedly featured even in other forms such as movies. In spite of the very specific geographic and temporal setting, the Holmes stories embrace eternal qualities that defer their anachronistic characteristics. Holmes is a figure is loved, and known by countless people, whether they have read the narratives or not. His mannerisms, dress code as well, as his character, have been emulated by numerous characters in similar stories. Holmes is known to arrive at his conclusions by means of the technique of scientific deduction. The author, readers, as well as the publishers played a role in the generation of Sherlock Holmes’ cultural phenomenon. It is essential to acknowledge that the context of the Holmes narratives requires that the author, readers, as well as, the publishers be understood.

Personal Thoughts of Book. Numerous sleuths have risen and disappeared into oblivion since Doyle’s Holmes narratives. However, Sherlock Holmes’ character continues to attract readers as well as movie producers. The majority of people think of Sherlock Holmes as a true historical figure, a legendary figure that would rank on the scale of legends such as King Arthur and Robin Hood. The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes would pass as an incredible literary accomplishment for a mere Victorian doctor who desired to change humanity with words, for which he ought to be given and must accept credit. 

SUMMARY

Sherlock Holmes as a cultural phenomenon has grown far outside the limitations of the sixty stories around the canon. Yet the ambiance of 19th century London, the meerschaum pipe, science of deduction, and the deerstalker cap have survived as symbols of a character that lived his existence in the now remote past. It is amazing given the ubiquitous nature of this cultural icon. He still stirs up passion and mystery a century following his creation.