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Change VS Tradition in Things Fall Apart

Change is often resisted, especially when the person who is to be changed has had in their current status. This is the same thing that happened with Okonkwo and the communities mentioned in the things fall apart by Chinua Achebe. With the change that the white people wanted to introduce, there was a lot of repulsion from the communities since they already had their firm beliefs about what they believed to be accurate. They felt that it was an insult to leave what was authentic and close to them. This paper discusses colonialism and its effect on cultures where it was present, especially in the African context. It also looks into the story of family relationships and how the zeal to be perfect makes Okonkwo a less liked person along with male chauvinism, which contributed to this and the disproportionate influence of the whites and how this affected him.

Firstly, the remaking of any nation has its tragedies, and it never comes along quickly. However, at the same time, the remaking can be a negative remaking or a positive remaking. Even though the whites had a significant influence in the remaking of African nations, the debate goes on about their negative impact and actions. Whether then can be compared to the positivity they brought (Achebe, 200). The other question which can be asked related to that is whether if Africans were left on their own to find enlightenment if Africa could be better off now in terms of economy and other aspects, or will it be still left behind? There is also the question of how Africans would have integrated what the white people called enlightenment with their culture and whether the cultural degradation presence now would still be the same. By answering these questions, it becomes easier to ease the ongoing debate about the role colonialism played in the education and destruction of Africa. Even though it is not entirely possible to answer these questions, it is possible to hypothesize what Africa could be and discuss the colonialism effect on culture, social organization and education of the Africans, and virtues and taboos.

Chinua Achebe is one of the greatest writers of African origin, and his book things fall apart is one of the most-read books. Its main character is Okonkwo, and this character trait is used in many different writings of the same author, including the arrow of God, whereby Okonkwo is embodied by Ezeulu (Achebe, 94). Okonkwo is a true identity of what an African man should be even in the face of problems even though he fails his village severally. His masculinity falls out of place due to him never wishing to show weakness and being haunted by his emotions which he could not control. In his story, we see how the whites came into Africa and how they made it almost impossible to continue with culture since it was regarded as untrue and idolatrous, among other harmful aspects attributed to them. Achebe presents his beliefs about African culture through the book and leaves the readers to question if it was fair for the white man to take control of something he never invented or fully understood and regard it bad.

One of the essential parts of the change that the colonists did was the remaking of religion. Catholicism was using more restraint in most places and did not outrightly ban everything about culture as Margaret Ogola in her book the river and the source states how Catholicism accepted Akoko and her daughter. They did not throw them away or proclaim ‘loudly’ that the practices of their community were unpleasant and ungodly (Ogola, 112). In contrast, in things that fall apart, Reverend James Smith is very charismatic and very much against the culture and desire of the surrounding community.

The remaking of religion is seen as torture and being lost by the other villagers for those who get to join Christianity. However, the same is true for Christians who have converted as they see those left un-converted as not enlightened and kind of left behind. Therefore, there is a lot of misunderstanding as the two religions try to prove that what they are doing is right. This is all caused by colonialism, as colonists brought religion as a way to infiltrate Africans. Even though colonialism is seen in a completely different manner from the Christianity spread and activities to some extent, it is related in that colonists, and Christian missionaries did the same thing, to change the African person and remake them in the face of the European ideals (Achebe, 120). Christianity and the missionaries, in general, are the ones who did most of the work as the government and other parts of the colonization did very little and were against the Africans due to their skin color.

The whites highly disregarded the values and culture held dear by the African people, which caused a lot of pain to the African person. At some point, they burned the church enacted on their land when Enoch dared to unmask egwugwu, which is a taboo equal to killing an ancestral spirit (Achebe, 140). The church was burnt down, which caused the leaders of the village of Umuofia to be jailed by the district commissioner. Therefore this can be explained as one of the tragedies which arise when people’s culture is being changed, and one of the critics or fanatics of Christianity tries to disrespect the other culture where he came from. It is a clear example of how culture change can be violent, humiliating, and unfair.

Change and tradition are one challenging question to answer regarding whether change is good or bad to a culture. Peoples cultures have been changed from time immemorial; for example, in the united states, the original Indians had their own culture, which was changed similarly by missionaries who saw it unfitting to them when great Britain had colonized the 13 original states of what later became a union (Native American Cuisine Returns to Its Roots, 2016). It was a painful experience, and some Indians have tried to return to their culture and practice what they valued very much. This is a clear depiction of how a person’s origin is essential. To think that a person wants to destroy what holds life together could not be fathomable to Umuofia individuals.

However, even though it was an unfair practice by the whites to try and change the ways of the Umuofia people, the question of whether it was utterly aimless or un-beneficial arises. For example, education is introduced to the community, and the western way of life is brought into the community. This kind of life is utterly unknown to the African man, and to some extent, they admire and like it; however, it is not who they are and they are trying to copy other people’s way of life, which is most of the time seen as wrong. This issue raises many questions not only after reading Chinua Achebe’s work but even in real life after observing what kind of life Africans live in the present and what they had before (Achebe, 40). There is the question of whether it was necessary and reasonable for the people to understand English and Christianity when they had their language like Igbo and had their kind of worship. These kinds of questions lead anyone analyzing to question the intention of the whites and whether it was really for the betterment of Africa or they just wanted to take possessions within the African countries that were not highly regarded due to the lack of knowledge about their value.

After the release of the prisoners, the Umuofia people decide to resist the whites. Okonkwo, filled with bitterness, kills the white people’s leader messengers hoping that the rest of the village would join him in the uprising. However, this does not happen, and he realizes that he has done something horrible. After being banished out of the village for killing Ogbuefi Ezeudu’s 16-year-old son, he faces many tragedies in the desire to be a better man (Achebe, 150). The killing of the white people messenger’s leader makes him regret the most, which ends up killing himself. The struggles Okonkwo goes through can be compared to the works missionaries and whites go through in their journey to enlighten the African man who is utterly uneducated from their perspective. The same can apply to the African people who go through a lot to protect their culture, religion, and values against the invention of the white, which they are so much against.

In conclusion, the debate between change and culture is not easy for a specific answer to be brought forward. However, culture held so dearly to its people should not be banished and done away with, especially if it is a good one that brings people together and advances social connectedness. However, a culture that separates people and hurts others has to be done away since it is not beneficial to society. The most important question to ask in the change versus culture issue is how the Europeans would, and mainly the British at that time, respond to a colonizer more potent than them who would have wanted to change their culture and beliefs they held dear?

Works Cited

“Native American Cuisine Returns to Its Roots.” Culture, 23 Nov. 2016, www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/native-american-cuisine-returns-to-its-roots.

Achebe, Chinua. “Things fall apart. 1958.” New York: Anchor 178 (1994).

Achebe, Chinua. The African Trilogy: Things Fall Apart; No Longer at Ease,[and] Arrow of God. Vol. 327. Everyman’s Library, 2010.

Ogola, Margaret A. The river and the source. Nairobi: Focus Books, 1994.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalisation

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalisation

Globalization can be defined as a situation where multinational companies conduct business all over the world. Globalisation has been brought about by; breaking of barriers to trade, unabated movement of capital, reduced carriage cost and rising use of electronic technology (Potrafke 2015, p.510). These new communication technologies have increasingly spread a largely accepted commercial culture. From entertainment industry with Disney movies dominating children screen to culture where American youth culture is imitated all over the world. The exchange of the aspects of products and ideas will not stop anytime soon since new technology is emerging that makes the world more accessible to many people. This is a commendable feat that will be beneficial for the whole world’s population. Furthermore, globalisation helps appreciate the common human-characters that keep us together. Nonetheless globalization has widened the gap between the rich and the poor and led to centralisation of decision making. Globalisation also has eroded local cultures, destroyed biodiversity and increased animosity among regions. This is the unfortunate situation presents the harsh reality of globalisation which was intended for human growth but has marginalised human needs (Ransome 1997, p.8). Globalisation has led to high inequality levels and poverty as leaders cannot effectively implement policies. Thus, political solutions with good employment and human rights are needed to navigate the effects of globalization. Government should also set up good structures that ensure decentralisation of decision making and conserve the environment (Ellwood 2001, p.12). Globalisation commenced nearly 500 years ago when there was the launch of the European colonial era, which interlinked the global economy. However, globalisation has accelerated over the recent years owing to improved technology, breaking of trade barriers and increased influence of multinational corporations (Tan and Macneill 2015, p.852). Globalisation for multinational companies for instance makes them see the world which has people of different cultures as just a group of prospective buyers. These companies treat all their buyers to similar products, similar production technique and similar policies.

References

Potrafke, N 2015, The evidence on globalization, Journal World Economy, vol. 38, issue 3, pp. 509-552.

Ransome, D 1997, Globalization – an alternative view, New Internationalist, vol. 296, pp 7-10.

Ellwood, W 2001, The no-nonsense guide to globalization, by. Verso, London, pp.12.

Tan, C and Macneill, P 2015, Globalization, economics and professionalism, Medical Teacher, vol 37, issue 9, pp. 850-855.

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Movie Response

Another America is a film produced by filmmaker Michael Cho that focuses on a conflict between African Americans and Koreans in the 20th century. The documentary touches on subjects such as history, culture clash, the past and the present life of new immigrants in America at the time, racism, personal stories, and the United States colonialism. The filmmaker, Michael Cho, also doubles as the narrator in the film. Cho decided to take it upon himself to investigate his family and the tragedy following the murder of his uncle in Detroit. The murder of his uncle hit close to home that he decided to closely examine his family’s experiences as Korean-American immigrants who were doing business at the time. In his investigation, he sheds light on the nitty gritty of the conflict in the southern central region as depicted by the uprisings of 1992 in Los Angeles.

Michael Cho captures the stories of ordinary African Americans and Koreans as they go about their business of shopping and selling in the mall. Cho decides to return to his hometown of Detroit as he wants to give them his relatives and local community members a chance to tell their own experiences of race relations with Asians. Some of the individuals that Cho features in his documentary include his cousin who is the daughter of his uncle, a Detroit poet, and an Asian-American sister and brother. Moreover, he incorporates interviews with several immigrants from Africa.

I think Cho does an impeccable job of painting the picture of the black-Korea conflict. At the time of his uncle’s murder, Cho was not In Detroit, but he decided to drive back home to film the documentary in the midst of grave riots and violence in Los Angeles. I think it was brave of Cho to take such a step, as he was placing his life at risk by doing so. Throughout the film, the audience sees scenes of rioters holding guns and shooting. There were also scenes of looting items from stores in the middle of the riots. When violence erupted between Asian Americans and Afro-Americans, all hell broke loose as there was no order, and law enforcement had difficulty controlling the crowd.

I appreciate Cho’s reporting as it is different from what other reporters were reporting. Cho’s narration was spot on and he did not shy away from addressing the issues that other people were avoiding reporting. At one point in the documentary, there was a female news reporter standing in a background where the riots were taking filled with smoke and damaged property. She mentioned that she was shocked at the ongoing scenarios as she was from that neighborhood. One could read the fear and frustration in the reporters’ voice]e and body language as she asks how she could cover the story with the violence happening right in her backyard. That scene was heartbreaking. I empathized with the lady reporter as she was in an unpleasant situation, but I expected more from the media. Cho mentioned that the main reason why he embarked on the filming journey by himself was that he was going on a fact-finding mission. I can relate to Cho’s situation and why he took it upon himself to record the documentary. He felt he could not trust the media to bring facts to the masses as they were biased in their reporting. Seeing that the conflicts between Koreans and people of color had hit home after the death of his uncle, I understand why Cho decided to send himself on a fact-finding mission. I appreciate Michel Cho’s effort in explaining the black-Asia conflict precisely as it happened in the late twentieth century.

Change your diet to combat climate change in 2019

By Lisa Drayer, CNN

Updated 6:57 AM ET, Wed January 2, 2019

(CNN)You may be aware that a plant-based diet can make you healthier by lowering your risk for obesity, heart disease and Type 2 diabetes. But research shows there’s another good reason to regularly eat meatless meals. By filling your plate with plant foods instead of animal foods, you can help save the planet.

One study, published in October in the journal Nature, found that as a result of population growth and the continued consumption of Western diets high in red meats and processed foods, the environmental pressures of the food system could increase by up to 90% by 2050, “exceeding key planetary boundaries that define a safe operating space for humanity beyond which Earth’s vital ecosystems could become unstable,” according to study author Marco Springmann of the Oxford Martin Programme on the Future of Food at the University of Oxford.

“It could lead to dangerous levels of climate change with higher occurrences of extreme weather events, affect the regulatory function of forest ecosystems and biodiversity … and pollute water bodies such that it would lead to more oxygen-depleted dead zones in oceans,” Springmann said.

“If the whole world, which continues to grow, eats more like us, the impacts are staggering, and the planet simply can’t withstand it,” said Sharon Palmer, a registered dietitian nutritionist and plant-based food and sustainability expert in Los Angeles who was not involved in the new research.

Sustaining a healthier planet will require halving the amount of food loss and waste, and improving farming practices and technologies. But it will also require a shift toward more plant-based diets, according to Springmann.

As Palmer noted, “research consistently shows that drastically reducing animal food intake and mostly eating plant foods is one of the most powerful things you can do to reduce your impact on the planet over your lifetime, in terms of energy required, land used, greenhouse gas emissions, water used and pollutants produced.”

How a meat-based diet negatively affects the environment

It might come as a surprise, but Springmann’s study found that the production of animal products generates the majority of food-related greenhouse-gas emissions — specifically, up to 78% of total agricultural emissions.

This, he explained, is due to manure-related emissions, to their “low feed-conversion efficiencies” (meaning cows and other animals are not efficient in converting what they eat into body weight) and to enteric fermentation in ruminants, a process that takes place in a cow’s stomach when it digests food that leads to methane emissions.

The feed-related impacts of animal products also contribute to freshwater use and pressures on cropland, as well as nitrogen and phosphorus application, which over time could lead to dead zones in oceans, low-oxygen areas where few organisms can survive, according to Springmann.

For an example of how animal foods compare with plant-based foods in terms of environmental effects, consider that “beef is more than 100 times as emissions-intensive as legumes,” Springmann said. “This is because a cow needs, on average, 10 kilograms of feed, often from grains, to grow 1 kilogram of body weight, and that feed will have required water, land and fertilizer inputs to grow.”

In addition, cows emit the potent greenhouse gas methane during digestion, which makes cows and other ruminants such as sheep especially high-emitting.

Other animal foods have lower impacts because they don’t produce methane in their stomachs and require less feed than cows, Springmann explained. For example, cows emit about 10 times more greenhouse gases per kilogram of meat than pigs and chickens, which themselves emit about 10 times more than legumes.

Like animals, plants also require inputs from the environment in order to grow, but the magnitude is significantly less, Springmann explained.

“In today’s agricultural system, we grow plants to feed animals, which require all of those resources and inputs: land, water, fossil fuels, pesticides, herbicides and fertilizer to grow. And then we feed plants to animals and care for them over their lifetime, while they produce methane and manure,” Palmer said.

Adopting more plant-based diets for ourselves could reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of the food system by more than half, according to the Nature study. A mainly plant-based diet could also reduce other environmental impacts, such as those from fertilizers, and save up to quarter use of both farmland and fresh water, according to Springmann.

Palmer explained that “legumes [or pulses], such as beans, lentils and peas are the most sustainable protein source on the planet. They require very small amounts of water to grow, they can grow in harsh, dry climates, they grow in poor nations, providing food security, and they act like a natural fertilizer, capturing nitrogen from the air and fixing it in the soil. Thus, there is less need for synthetic fertilizers. These are the types of protein sources we need to rely upon more often.”

Flexitarian: The healthy compromise for you and the planet

Experts agree that if you are not ready to give up meat entirely, a flexitarian diet, which is predominantly plant-based, can help. This diet includes plenty of fruits, vegetables and plant-based protein sources including legumes, soybeans and nuts, along with modest amounts of poultry, fish, milk and eggs, and small amounts of red meat.

Vegetarian and vegan diets would result in even lower greenhouse gas emissions, but a flexitarian diet “is the least stringent that is both healthy and would reduce greenhouse gas emissions enough for us to stay within environmental limits,” according to Springmann.

Palmer said that “although vegan diets, followed by vegetarian diets, are linked with the lowest environmental impacts, not everyone is interested in taking on those lifestyles. But everyone can eat more of a flexitarian diet. It doesn’t mean that you have to give up meat completely, but you significantly reduce your intake of it.”

Registered dietitian nutritionist Dawn Jackson Blatner described it this way: “A flexitarian is really someone who wakes up with the intention of being more vegetarian. It’s different from vegetarian in that there is some flexibility.”

Going flexitarian

J

ust how “flexitarian” you wish to be can be flexible, too. For example, Blatner, who was not involved in the Nature study, offers three levels of the diet in her book “The Flexitarian Diet”: a “beginner” flexitarian, who consumes six to eight meatless meals per week (or is limited to 26 ounces of animal protein); an “advanced” flexitarian, who eats nine to 14 meatless meals per week (or is limited to 18 ounces of animal protein); and an “expert” flexitarian, who eats at least 15 meatless meals or limits animal protein to 9 ounces per week.

The key is not just eliminating meat but swapping in plant-based proteins, including beans and lentils. A Mediterranean meal might incorporate chickpeas; a Mexican meal might have black beans or pintos; an Asian meal might include edamame; an Italian meal might use white beans or lentils to make a “Bolognese” pasta sauce, Blatner explained.

“I wrote the book because I really wanted to be a vegetarian, but I just couldn’t do it so strictly,” she said. “I really wanted to lean in to a more plant-based diet, but I needed a little more flexibility. So it’s the great compromise.”

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Movie: The Three Sides of Eve

Year of Drama: 1952

Character – Eve

Axis I: Psychiatric diagnoses include recurring blackouts, moderate severity, recurring headaches, and conversion disorder. Dissociative Identity Disorder

Axis II: developmental diagnoses of childhood. Multiple discrete personality states, homicidal as a defence mechanism

Axis III: Physical illness including recurring headaches, dissociation (lapses in memory), hallucinations

Axis IV: Psychological stress factors affecting patient include mistreatment by parent (mother). Inadequate family support from husband at times, discontinuities in sense of behaviour and perception.

Axis V: Global functioning – moderate about 70

The Character’s presentation

Eve White is a woman who decides to visit a psychiatrist together with her husband Ralph White after experiencing several recurring blackouts and also headaches. After treatment from the psychiatrist Dr. Curtis Luther, Eve is fine until after about one year when Ralph discovers that his wife’s wardrobe has changed into an unusually sexy aspect. When Eve is questioned over the newly acquired wardrobe, she insists that he was the one who the clothes for her. Ralph confirms with the store that his wife indeed bought everything which makes him believe that she is lying. She does not like the accusation which prompts the acute headaches. This leads to her attacking her own daughter who is trying her mother’s new clothes and high heeled shoes. A visit to Dr. Luther results in Eve revealing that although she denies the attack, she hears a voice instructing her to run from her husband and elope with a lover. She admits that she does not understand what is happening with her, a fear that eventually is the turning point of Eve’s shift in personality, who she calls Eve Black. After the family moves to Florida, she turns on and off as either Eve Black or Mrs. White after secret nocturnal escapades. A third personality appears when Mrs. Luther the psychiatrist attempts suicide. In the middle of the three personalities, she reveals that she had been mistreated at the age of six. Finally, two of her personalities banish and she bonds back to her family.

Diagnosis justifications

Dissociative identity disorder is a mental disorder whereby a sufferer experiences two or more distinct personality or identity states which are quite varied with regard to how they view the world. The three Faces of Eve is a story whereby a woman is believed to suffer from such. The diagnosis of Dissociative identity disorder is supported by the fact that Eve seems to be traumatized by events that occurred when she was six years old. Sufferers of this mental disorder usually have had traumatic experiences as either infants or children. These experiences are responsible for a child’s mind trying to dissociate the frightening memories. The fact that the personalities appear interchangeably within a period of one year is truth enough to view it not as a memory lapse. Dissociation is also evident when Eve attacks her own daughter meaning that her mind lapses to the realization that that is her own daughter.

Other symptoms include experiencing blackouts which are Eve’s initial symptoms. These blackouts recur and often are the indicators of a change in personality. When Eve goes to Florida, she often escapes at night and dances in clubs. After the personality alters into Mrs. White, she is regretful of her actions. This is also a significant sign of detecting dissociative identity disorder whereby the sufferer finds him/herself in places where they are not aware of themselves having travelled.

Eve is very angry after her husband accuses her of lying. She believes that Ralph her husband bought her the sexy clothes and shoes. Additionally, she does not believe that she attacked her own daughter. This is usually the case with Dissociative identity disorder sufferers who believe that they are being accused falsely of lying as they do not realize or even believe that they lied. When told of things they do not recall, they believe that these are just false accusations. At times, sufferers of this mental disorder may find themselves in possession of items they do not understand how they acquired. Eve finds herself with new sexy wardrobe and because she does not recalling buying the same, she assumes that it is her husband who bought the clothes and shoes for her. Eve at one time claims to be Eve Black, a situation whereby the sufferer of this mental disorder finds them claiming or being called names that they are not familiar with. At one point, Eve confides in Dr. Luther that she hears voices in her head telling her to elope with one Bonnie. Sufferers of dissociative identity disorder may hear voices and even recognize that indeed the voices are not their own even though they come from their own heads.

The most significant symptom that makes one identify Eve’s condition as dissociative Identity disorder is the feeling that one is more than one person which is evidenced in her three personalities as Mrs. White, Eve (Jane) and Eve Black.

Reference

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., TR). Washington, DC: Author

Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalisation

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalisation

Globalization is the situation where the world operates as a unilateral unit perpetuated by multinational companies doing business all over the world. Globalisation has been brought about by; breaking of barriers to trade, unabated movement of capital, reduced carriage cost and rising use of electronic technology (Potrafke 2015, p.510). These new communication technologies have increasingly spread a largely accepted commercial culture. From entertainment industry with Disney movies dominating children screen to culture where American youth culture is imitated all over the world. Indications are that the global exchange of people, products and ideas is not stopping anytime soon. This is a commendable feat that will be beneficial for the whole world’s population. Furthermore, globalisation helps appreciate the common human-characters that keep us together. Nonetheless globalization has widened the gap between the rich and the poor and led to centralisation of decision making. Globalisation also has eroded local cultures, destroyed biodiversity and increased animosity among regions. This is the unfortunate situation presents the harsh reality of globalisation which was intended for human growth but has marginalised human needs (Ransome 1997, p.8). Globalisation has led to high inequality levels and poverty as leaders cannot effectively implement policies. Thus, political solutions with good employment and human rights are needed to navigate the effects of globalization. Government should also set up good structures that ensure decentralisation of decision making and conserve the environment (Ellwood 2001, p.12). Globalisation is an old process which commenced five centuries ago with the launch of the European colonial era which interlinked the global economy. However, globalisation has accelerated over the recent years owing to improved technology, breaking of trade barriers and increased influence of multinational corporations (Tan and Macneill 2015, p.852). Globalisation for multinational companies for instance makes them see the world which has people of different cultures as just a group of prospective buyers. These companies treat all their buyers to similar products, similar production technique and similar policies.

References

Potrafke, N 2015, The evidence on globalization, Journal World Economy, vol. 38, issue 3, pp. 509-552.

Ransome, D 1997, Globalization – an alternative view, New Internationalist, vol. 296, pp 7-10.

Ellwood, W 2001, The no-nonsense guide to globalization, by. Verso, London, pp.12.

Tan, C and Macneill, P 2015, Globalization, economics and professionalism, Medical Teacher, vol 37, issue 9, pp. 850-855.

Creative Lessons Plan

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Creative Lessons Plan

Traditional Subject Area: English Language Kindergarten

Knowledge and Skills

Vowels and Consonants

The student applies the pronunciation skills to identify the vowels and the consonants, their differences and their application in the sentences. Also, the student pronounces words starting with the vowels through identification of the plants and animals which their meanings begin with the vowels sounds. Consequently, the student applies the location and the alphabetical order of the vowels and the consonants.

Students Expected to: (A) Write and pronounce the alphabetical letters

B) Identify the vowels in the alphabetical letters

C) Identify the consonants and pronounce effectively in the alphabetical letters.

Arts Subject: Literature Kindergarten

Knowledge and Skills

Reading, Writing and Identification of pictures in books

The student should read texts written in the board and produced in numerous modalities. Common examples of the modalities include the prints, visual, multimodal and the film. The student creates expression of thoughts through engagement in reading, interpretation, evaluation and comprehension. The engagement entails using the letters and word s to picture with the real image of an object. Also, interpretation is the use of the real imagination to determine the function of the object read and identified. Though evaluation, the student creates normative approaches to cognition and the determination of the books and its purpose in learning.

The student is expected to: A) Choose the book he or she likes in literature learning

B) Be able to analyze, interpret, and identify the critical ideas

C) To provoke conversation and create a sheer reading enjoyment.

Method of I will use in Teaching English Vowel and Consonants

I will write all the vowels and create an environment where the student can identify the letter and its coincidence with the image or the object. Using the three dimensional objects, I will ensure that the student is equipped with the knowledge of identifying the objects and the letters in written format. The identification will enable the student to memorize the letter and the sounds hence creating a pedagogical cognition of writing, pronunciation and reading the two letter words. Also, I will introduce the vowel sounds in the simple words like cat, met, tot and cup. Consequently, I will direct the student to blow the air out of the month without closing the teeth and mouth and practice the actual pronunciation of the vowel.

Moreover, I will apply several techniques of teaching the consonant sounds to enable the student to differentiate between the vowels and the consonants. The first techniques get based on giving the student the bingo board then show the pictures of the words as I direct the student to pronounce the sound. The student should name each letter covered by the sound. To enable the student to have in-depth understanding of the methods of pronouncing the consonant, I will direct the student to block the air using the teeth, tongue, and lips and practice pronouncing the consonants in the alphabets.

Methods I will use in teaching Literature

Teaching literature to the student requires the determination and the comprehensive use of variety of the learning materials. As such, I will dictate the classroom time for reading. I will also allow the student to have self-selection of the book used in the literature. Consequently, I will enable the student to have the plan for the reading and the reason for reading. Through the use of the language based approach, I will effectively enable the student to have creative interpretation of the language used in literature. Also, the use of information based approach will enable the student to identify the correct mechanism of identifying the theme of the reading book.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Holland’s Theory

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Holland’s Theory

Holland’s theory has been well integrated into multicultural counseling practice and is the most widely researched theory globally. Since it provides a piece of evidence for incorporation of strong interest inventory when interacting with diverse populations through assessment of the social structure of interests across diverse racial/ethnic populations and finding the similarity in ideological perception in working areas (Sue et al., 2022). John L. Holland’s theory was primarily established to address vocational issues across diverse people. Research states that Holland’s theory is based on four basic assumptions that designate how occupational interests are developed. These major assumptions include; realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional (Hartmann et al., 2021). The theories have advantages and disadvantages, and Holland’s theory is not different.

Advantages of Holland’s Theory

One of the greatest strengths of John Holland’s theory is that the theory is oversimplified and people especially counselors, can easily understand and comprehend it. Holland’s theory incorporates a model to organize occupational interest assessment. Additionally, the theory consists of RIASEC type code, the basis of four assumptions that have been simplified and integrated into various assessment instrument tools. For instance, the RIASEC type code has been integrated with modern technology to provide computer-assisted guidance programs. However, effective training and application of Holland’s theory and typology positively impact counseling practices (Sue et al., 2022).

Disadvantages of Holland’s Theory

The major weakness of this theory is based on Holland’s statement that the theory lies in the formulation of stability and variation. This indicates that people’s perceptions can be affected by psychological, social, environmental, economic, and situational factors. And as a result, they end up causing variances in the results, thus affecting the stability of the results and typology (Davlembayeva et al., 2021).

References

Davlembayeva, D., Papagiannidis, S., & Alamanos, E. (2021). Sharing economy platforms: An equity theory perspective on reciprocity and commitment. Journal of Business Research, 127, 151-166.

Hartmann, F. G., Heine, J. H., & Ertl, B. (2021). Concepts and coefficients based on John L. Holland’s theory of vocational choice—Examining the R package holland. Psych, 3(4), 728-750.

Sue, D. W., Sue, D., Neville, H. A., & Smith, L. (2022). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice. John Wiley & Sons.

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In the Man of Steel movie, 2013, the plot portrays the entanglement of human capabilities and superpowers. A young person, Kal-El, learns of his extreme powers and discovers that he has never belonged to the earth. As a young man, he goes to a peculiar journey in order to uncover his belonging. In the event of this search, he realizes that his heritage entangles between the earth and the space. As a result, he utilizes extreme powers towards values that his parents endowed. In the whole of the movie, Kal-El strives to balance his earthly identity with his superpower mien.

To begin with, the man of steel resides in a lone and dark place that is referred to as Fortress of Solitude. In the case of Winnie, being a lone kind is an interesting idea. When the entire planet blows up and one’s parents die after birth, being the last of a generation becomes a peculiar thing. In this perspective, Superman does an unfamiliar thing when he uncovers his identity. He goes to a sterile and a creepy place that is off the earth planet. In the weird place, Kal-El’s friends are holograms who have sprung from the past. It is a peculiar idea that Kal-El strives to balance his earthly living place and the space upon which he interacts with his previously concealed side. In the cave, he interacts with aliens that possess equally extreme powers.

In addition, Superman strives to contend with the idea he cannot improve. At his birth, he shares extreme powers that possess limited capacity for improvement. This is the reason his powers does not excite as an individual. Superman needs to be like other human beings who strive towards perfection. By realizing his imperfection, he cannot easily interact with other children who fancy such powers. This leads him towards a secrecy that he only reveals to one of his friends. By possessing extreme qualities, he lets down his friends because he cannot grow as them.

Superman also strives to contend with the idea that he cannot settle with any individual. Superman has friends who have normal girlfriends. The strange idea is that the girls are normal human beings who might fear the powers of an extreme individual such as Kal-El. Superman cannot hold a normal relationship because his attempts make him sit on snow, while bleeding and crying.

Superman’s character swings between a soft-speaking individual and a strong person who expresses extreme powers. This suggests that the character is inherently dark. As an alien, he strives to integrate his dark background with the humanly ideals that his parents instill. Kal-El also strives to remain obedient while he secretly possesses alien powers that he does not expect to intimidate his earthly parents with the same. Striving to hide under a clam exterior is an exasperating experience that splits Kal-El between two personalities.

According to the background of Kal-El, he is supposed to a beastly character that endangers the human population. He, however, reconciles this idea by opting to save his planet. While Zod belongs to the original race of Kal-El, the superman judges him by his character. Having realized that Zod devoured and destroyed his parentage, he is bound to exterminate him and prevent his powers from suppressing the human population. This is a difficult task that involves reconciling his two extreme parts into a useful personality.

Advantages and disadvantages of celebrity endorsement of celebrity in marketing

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Golf champion and superstar Tiger Woods has been a sports icon for many years through his great reputation in the field. He has been the celebrity marketer for sports and Shoe Company known as NIKE. Since the year 1996, Tiger Woods has been the NIKE celebrity endorser and year by year he has still been able to maintain that position (Egan, 2008). The company’s manager states that the company is humbled and thrilled to still be in partnership with Tiger Woods, who has been the company’s product promoter for years, through a contract that was signed recently. Despite his marriage issues that went public in the year 2009, NIKE stood by him and as long as he kept winning on the course, his portfolio regained its stature with time. Around that period many companies distanced themselves from Woods but experts had predicted that his reputation would go back to normal with time. Currently companies such as EA sports and Rolex are seeking for contracts with him so as to market their products. Many retail companies use celebrities to promote their products with the main reason being to earn trust and credibility of products and services. The main objective of any business is to make a profit and this is only achieved through the maximum sale of products and attracting of customers (Egan, 2008). This therefore raises concern within the business marketing sector, is it advantageous for the company or disadvantageous to have a celebrity market their products or services? Below are the advantages and disadvantages of using a celebrity as an endorsement to the company’s products.

Advantages

It will help build product credibility

When a company starts producing a new product, the use of a celebrity to promote those products helps build trust between the company and the customers. If the market for a certain product believes in a certain celebrity the highest probability is that they will trust in the product the celebrity is endorsing. When NIKE signed a contract with Tiger Woods to promote their sportswear, the company’s product which includes caps, T-shirts, bands, shoes, and track suits; the products earned the trust of many athletes from different categories of sports including tennis, athletics, and basket-ball (Koekemoer, 2004). When potential buyers of a product see a certain celebrity using a specific product, they believe that the product is of high quality and when they use it they perceive to be as important as the celebrity if they idolize him or her.

It can help a company recover its image

In several occasions a company may lose its credibility in the market due to various company flaws. However, by the use of a celebrity to promote its products a company can get back on its feet once again. For example, a company may be involved in legal issues or bankruptcy which may lead to loss of customers and their faith in the company; with the use of a celebrity to promote the product the company is able to build its rapport. Finally it is able to attract its customers back and attract more.

Helps compensate on innovation

An entrepreneur may lack the ideas to add quality to his or her product but through advertisement and celebrity endorsement, the product gains credibility in the market. For example, several sports companies sell and produce the same products NIKE does and this causes high competition between NIKE and other companies. However, through the use of sports celebrities such as Tiger Woods and Michael Jordan the company has managed to outstand in the market share; their products are mostly used because the customers identify the company with these celebrities (Smart, 2005).

It helps in delivering the message to the public

Advertisement is the only major way a company can promote its products or services. This activity involves letting the audience know the name of the product, what it is, what it is used for and also gives information on the benefits of using that product. How this information is conveyed to the public determines if message has been delivered or not. Through the use of an idolized celebrity in advertisement of the product high chances are the audience will take interest on the product. When NIKE uses tennis champion Vanessa Williams to advertise their rackets and sportswear the audience gets attracted to the product and they want to try it out. The customers will buy the products in order to see whether what they have learnt about the product is true. This signifies that the message was received by the customers.

The above points are advantages of using a celebrity in promoting products, but on the other hand several disadvantages come with the use of celebrities in product marketing. These include;

The image of the company may be ruined if the celebrity’s image is.

The reputation of a company may be destroyed as a result of celebrity scandals. When Tiger Woods was involved with several sex scandals and cases of infidelity, his reputation changed for the worst and many people viewed him negatively. Other companies such as General Motors and Gillette withdrew from him but NIKE stuck with him. They faced consequences because customers withdrew from buying their products and the public viewed them negatively. Through such instances the use of a celebrity becomes a disadvantage to the company and the consequences pose a great threat to the company.

The popularity of the celebrity may cause trust issues with customers.

At the height of his popularity and fame due to golf, Tiger Woods had signed up for several product endorsements for many companies (McDonald, 2002). The public may see this as just a way for the celebrity to make money and the credibility of the product may suffer due to this; customers may doubt the quality of the product and this would be bad for business. Through this, the use of a celebrity may have a negative impact on the product market as it may lead to customers refraining from the use of the product.

The celebrity may overshadow the product.

When a celebrity features in several advertisements involving different products, the audience may get carried away and forget the main thing, which is the product, and focus only on the celebrity. For example, when Tiger Woods takes part in the advertisement of NIKE’s products, General Motors, Rolex, and Gillette; the audience gets lost and forgets what products are being promoted and focus on the celebrity only because that is the only constant feature (McDonald, 2002). Through this loss of information about the product’s name and its use leads to poor performance in the market.

When a company decides to involve a celebrity in its advertisements and in product or service marketing, there is a greater advantage to it than disadvantage. However, despite having minimal disadvantages they still have a great impact on the product or service. As a company it is recommended that certain aspects should be examined before signing up for celebrity endorsement of products.

References

Egan, J. (2008). Marketing communications. London: Thomson.

Koekemoer, L., & Bird, S. (2004).Marketing communications. Lansdowne, South Africa: Juta Academic.

Smart, B. (2005). The sport star modern sport and the cultural economy of sporting celebrity. London: SAGE.

 McDonald, D., (2002). “An examination on multiple celebrity endorsers in advertising”, Journal of Product & Brand management, Vol. 11, No.1, pp. 19-29.