Classical conditioning (2)

Name

Professor

Course

Date

Classical conditioning is This is whereby a conditioned stimulus is paired with and gets to precede an unconditional stimulus while Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Classical conditioning is attributed to Ivan Pavlov an example is chiming of a phone in public place and one immediately reaches out for their phone yet it was someone else’s phone. Operant conditioning is associated by B.F. Skinner and an example is whereby a dog is taught how to sit and every time they sit and get better at it they receive a treat.

Negative reinforcement is whereby something unpleasant is taken away in response to a stimulus for example When Ken gets to press a button (behavior) thus stopping loud alarm (aversive stimulus). Negative punishment on the other hand involves taking something good or desirable away to reduce the occurrence of a particular behavior. An example is when a child on the playground kicks their peer and are removed from the field deterring them from taking part in their favorite activity.

Sensory memory allows individuals to retain impressions of sensory information after the original stimulus has stopped. An example is when a person sees an object briefly before it disappears, even after the object is gone, it is still retained in the memory for a very short period of time.

Short term memory holds only a few items and only lasts for about 20 seconds. These can be moved from short-term memory to long-term memory. Example remembering details from a book that you read a few days ago

Long term memory Long-term memories are all the memories we hold for periods of time longer than a few seconds. For example, recollection of an important days such as date of birth.

Forgetting is unable to recall information or rather retrieve memories from the past or remembering new information. Encoding failure is the failure by the brain to create memory link with our long term memory. The memory errors include transience, misattribution, blocking, absent-mindedness, suggestibility, bias and persistence.

Transience is weakening as well as deterioration or the loss of the specific memory on a period of time

Absent-mindedness refers to the malfunction in interface of memory as well as attention, involving problems that are related to interaction of both aspects.

Blocking: is the frustrated search of information as someone is trying to desperately recover a piece of information.

Misattribution: This is where a memory gets to be assigned the wrong source. The information is correct but it is linked to incorrect recollection.

Suggestibility: This is similar to misattribution however there is inclusion of open suggestion. There is incorporation of erroneous information from deceit or important questions

Bias: This is involving the modification of our memories from the past events without us realizing it.

Persistence: This is a memory malfunction involving unwanted memories where people want to forget them

Expressive writing: Expressive writing aids in boosting short term memory for example when one writes down a traumatic experience they went through.

Saying things out loud. Saying things out loud help improve memory for example if one has a list of things they would want to pick up at a store, saying these things out loud may help improve memory.

Meditation: Meditation helps us expand our working memory as it helps improve concentration. During mediation, the brain stops processing information normally giving it a break.

Class 3, Peer Review 2

Class 3, Peer Review 2

Name

Institutional Affiliation

In conflict resolution, it is important to exclude feelings while applying facts in informing the conversation. I agree with the author on this point and further agree with them regarding giving honest feedback while working together with other employees to reduce conflict and improve performance (Myatt, 2019). Giving feedback with grace creates an opportunity for improved work relations.

Reference

Myatt, M. (2019). 5 keys of dealing with workplace conflict. Forbes, viewed, 1.

Classical conditioning is learning things through the association of two stimuli to come up with a new response in an animal

Answering Questions

Name

Institution Affiliation

Date

Question 1

Classical conditioning is learning things through the association of two stimuli to come up with a new response in an animal or a person. Operant conditioning is learning via a system of rewards and punishments to tune behavior. Both types of conditioning came up with results attributed to a change in behavior. Classical conditioning and Operant Conditioning all lead to the association of a certain thing to produce a specific outcome.

The differences in the two methods have varying levels of extremity and a few characteristics that can get used to measuring them. In operant conditioning, the rate of extinction is not constant as it constantly changes with the type of reinforcement used. It could go from slow to fast in the different kinds of applications. Classical conditioning, on the other hand, has a considerable rate of extinction that has a predictable decline.

Question 2

Negative reinforcement aims to remove an unpleasant reinforcer, but it strengthens a behavior. A good example was the one that Skinner demonstrated on the matter. Skinner put a lever in a box, and when the rat put into the box tripped and moved it, an electric current would go off. The rat learned that hitting the lever leads to an electric shock. They, therefore, refrained from hitting the lever.

Punishment, on the other hand, aims to weaken the response toward something. A simple explanation of this can get demonstrated with human behavior. For example, if one lacks discipline, then threatening them with a decrease in pocket money might deter them from proceeding with improper acts. If the person does not heed to the threat, then decreasing their pocket money should discourage them from misconduct. Punishment does not completely deal with the state of behavior because the previous behavior will return once the punishment gets removed.

Question 3

The first one is the sensory register. It is a system of many records of each sense that detects different stimuli. They detect stimuli and save them in short-term memory. Information decays faster here and easily gets forgotten. Iconic memory is the second stage of memory, and it only has the limitation of vision. It has no particular limit at a specific time when exposed to a certain amount of visual information.

The last stage is the Echoic memory. It refers to information registered by the auditory system. It holds trivial aspects of sound, and like iconic memory, it has an almost limitless capacity at a time.

Question 4

Forgetting is a process where one loses or gets a modification of information that already got encoded. Encoding failure can get defined as the inability of the brain to create a memory link.

There are seven memory errors. They are transience, bias, misattribution, blocking, absent-mindedness, suggestibility, and persistence. Transience is the deterioration of general memories. Absent-mindedness is the presence of attention failures that lead to memory loss. Blocking refers to the inability to remember things. Misattribution is the association of a memory with a false source. Suggestibility is the development of implanted memories through misleading information. Bias is the distortion of current knowledge by other things. Persistence is dealing with memories that keep coming back yet are not desired.

My Statement-Mental Health Program

My Statement-Mental Health Program

Student’s name

Department of affiliation

University

Course code and name

Instructor

Date

My Statement- Mental Health Program

As proud alumni, I have benefited from the comprehensive development from Anderson University to accept my spiritual calling unto service in the world of healthcare for humanity.

Jeremiah 29:11 in the New International Version of the Holy Bible declares, “for I know the plans I have for you,” says the Lord, “plans to prosper you and not harm you, plans to give you hope and a future.” Lynda Okeke, a humbled servant and graduate of Anderson University with my Bachelors of Science in Nursing, and a licensed professional registered nurse. As alumni of this distinguished institution, the mission, core values, and vision continue to shape me as a healthcare professional as I navigate life with the academic, practical, and clinical skills I acquired while matriculating within. The fundamental personality of the institution has shaped and cultivated my personal development while preparing me as a healthcare professional by creating a solid foundation based on faith and Christian principles. My personal and professional moral compass was enhanced so that the nursing program impacted and changed my life forever. Accepting the calling to serve humanity through the gift and skill of nursing is my purpose in the world we live in. I started from the grassroots of nursing C.N.A. (Certified Nursing Assistant) and P.C.T (Patient Care Technician) prepared me for the competitive world of healthcare academically, socially, spiritually. Psychologically with understanding the commitment to this field of practice and being ready to serve as a servant leader to make a cardinal difference in the lives I am fortunate to touch while practicing the discipline of nursing.

I am currently a professional with the corporate giant DaVita, Incorporated. The DaVita Corporation’s mission is to enhance and save a life by treating effective dialysis treatments to its patients. As I prepared to embark on my professional journey, I aspired to align myself with a company whose mission, vision, and values aligned with my Christian principles and that of the University that had cultivated me to assimilate into the competitive workforce. DaVita takes pride in its core values: teamwork, service excellence, accountability, continuous improvement, and integrity. These characteristics were an extension of the academic and clinical experience during my academic growth at Anderson University. As a member of the DaVita nursing team, I can contribute all the educational, academic, and clinical training to make a difference in the lives of individuals suffering from kidney disease. I can do this by providing quality care for the betterment of humanity under oath I took as a professional nurse and oath of commitment I made to God.

During my experience as a registered nurse, I have been allowed to demonstrate my nursing skills as a team member and leadership. I have had exceptional mentors, advisors, and training professionals to equip me with the practical knowledge to succeed in any healthcare environment. My vast professional experience is working within the acute climate within the framework of a magnet hospital in the kidney dialysis department as a nurse. This continued developing, enhancing, and cultivating my skills in a critical environment with patients whose life was fighting from essential to stable for a better quality of life. This training ground afforded me with the organization in which I worked the opportunity to acquire additional exceptional clinical training to accompany my education and current activity to be a practical nurse. The aggressive and robust environment also accepted the unforeseen demands of the global crisis: Covid-19, the pandemic with the healthcare community experiencing nursing shortages worldwide. My prudent training positioned me to propel into leadership and management within one year of my graduation from college.

My professional nursing journey has afforded me practical experience within both acute-hospital and clinical quality of care. Therefore, I continued to challenge myself as the distinguished faculty with the nursing program has engaged its students in understanding your passion, purpose, and Christian plan for existence in the world of healthcare. As I conducted critical self-analysis, I found myself during my experience in both work environments caring for the whole person with mind, body, and spirit. I found myself going above the call of duty with a holistic approach to patient care that facilitated the healing and needs of patients from a Christian worldview perspective. This gift of caring for the human experience through understanding the human dynamic mentally compelled me to accept the anointing and calling to serve at a higher level of human need with the embrace of psychiatric mental health.

I desire to return home to the cornerstone of academic excellence, professional and spiritual development, and premier learning to pursue my advanced degree with the Doctor in Psychiatric Mental Health. This dimension of adding educational value to my professional development will prepare me to embrace the spiritual calling to serve humanity in this needed area among society and prepare me for a rewarding career as an advanced practice nurse. This academic platform would equip me to join the world of gifted professionals in this respected area of care to change lives for the better. As I professionally began my clinical journey from the grassroots of nursing C.N.A. (Certified Nursing Assistant) for eight years, I adopted and embraced the affirmation that man is born with a heart of compassion that reacts in accordance to the feelings of fellow humans. Compassion, love, affection, and care are the innate qualities that make a human. These qualities define a man. Humanity is one such aspect that has been stressed upon in all parts of the world. “Service to Mankind is service to God” is a proverb highly prevalent all over the world. Humanitarianism is considered a service to human beings. The very term human denotes a charitable person. Loving and serving humans is considered of the utmost importance. In the spirit of humility, civility, and spirituality, I embrace humanity to work indefectibly with making an impact in enhancing the quality of life of those individuals I am charged to serve. This degree confirmation as a nurse will give me the ability to specialize in mental health and care for people of all ages, cultures, ethnicities, and backgrounds experiencing mental illnesses or distress with quality clinical care.

With dignity, honor, and humility, I ask the admissions review committee with the Doctor of Science in Nursing program to accept this as my official personal statement. It is also a statement of commitment to serve the community while honoring God through my work and representing the institution that prepared with demonstrating the attributes of a dedicated Nurse into the community. My request for admission into the competitive and distinguished program is to continue my growth and development as a healthcare professional to make lasting contributions to humanity through science. As a bachelor’s degree registered nurse, I continue the seed which has been planted with my motto that was inspired while in the field of nursing “We serve God best when we serve each other; we love God best when we love one another”! This is my service and personal oath, coupled with my professional oath unto humanity. I hope to continue that service with the training from this program as an ambassador for Christ in serving humanity.

Sincerely,

Lynda Okeke B.S.N., Registered Nurse

My View of Adult Learning Prior to this Course

My View of Adult Learning Prior to this Course

It was my view that adult education is the method or process through which an adult learns, which I thought was different from the ways through which children learn. I thought that adult education was one thing that could allow the adult the primary focus on the process of learning as opposed to the content; the streamline that defines what is feasible or what can be achieved and what cannot. However, when I came to class and engaged myself with the course material my view of adult learning changed. For example, I was able to learn numerous, different factors that are the driving forces behind these individuals’ drive for education achievement. Additionally, I also learned about some of the many factors that can distract or affect negatively the process of adult learning.

It was clear from these course materials that adult learning is based on andragogical model of learning. This model is build upon the assumptions that adults have a need to know and learn adults also have a need to be learners who are self- directed and a need to have a self- concept that reflects that they are responsible for the decisions that they make. Therefore, adult learning programs are special as they are designed in such ways that allow them o set goals by themselves and organize their learning around the responsibilities each has as an adult. More specifically, I can relate my journey in education to the course content material of unit one.

I am an adult learner who just recently went back to school, and traditionally my daily routines and responsibilities would not have fit with my education program. This is because my education would have a conflict with my responsibilities such as taking care of my family, and eventually one of the two would be neglected. However, with such programs as online education, I am able to satisfy all of my responsibilities. I take control of my learning in such a way that other responsibilities in my life are not neglected.

The motivation I have for learning results from my need to have a better chance of getting a promotion at work. I have realized that the learning environments currently are shifting and changing from what used to be teacher- centered learning to student- centered learning mainly because of the fact that many adults are going back to school. Up to now, this unit has taught me that the many challenges that we face as adult learners are as a result of some of the factors associated with adults going back to school and taking up education once more.

My Current View of Adult Education

Much of the view and thoughts I have on adult education currently are derived from my course content of unit two. As I went through the assigned content for unit two, I was able to learn numerous things about adult education I did not know of, and I was surprised to find out that there are numerous theories on the processes through which adults learn. Before hand, I was only familiar with the theory on adult learning by Knowles called the Andragogy theory, and with my limited knowledge I had assumed that this was the only theory through which adult learners like myself and my colleagues learned through. To my surprise, I became familiar with other adult learning theories such as the theories by such individuals like Jarvis, McClusky, and Illeris.

All these theories were in one way or the other related to the processes and styles through which I was able to learn and also related to many of my learning style methods. However, I was able to realize that my learning style methods were more related to the McClusky model or theory more than the other theories. This particular theory argues that there is always a constant need for one to strike a balance between the energy they need and the energy that is available to them. I thought this theory was more related to me because I had many facets in my life that struggled for my attention such as my children, work, friends, church, and even my family. I was surprised to know that there is a theory and process that addresses the madness which is my life.

Now when anyone wonders and asks how I can be able to deal with everything that is going on in my life each day, I can confidently respond that the McClusky margin theory is of great help to me, because I am now familiar with it and how it operates. However, I have also noted that my learning model also relates to other theories of learning. For example, I have come to know that my online education is the kind of learning model which is self- directed. This characteristic of learning is usually associated with the Knowles’s theory of learning. As it follows, one can say that the two theories, that is Knowles’s and McClusky learning theories, apply to my type of learning model.

How my Thinking Evolved

Just like all of the other chapters in my education, unit three has of all units given me a new outlook and changed my view on how the process of learning is among the adults. In all of my imaginations, I had not expected my education to have any sections or any factors on spiritual life, as it was I was shocked to find that indeed we had such sections. The reason why I was surprised to find this section in my education was that I had not that spirituality had anything to do with my education. In my personal life, I enjoy reading the book of proverbs and it is one of my favorite books in the bible from which I draw so much guidance, and practical lessons in life, in my spiritual life, outside of my education, I learn numerous things among them how to be a better member of the society and I obtain a lot of knowledge and wisdom on how to live my life.

In my third unit, however, I found lessons on spirituality and the author of the content of the material I was assigned to read for the unit argued that spirituality should not be confused with religion as there is a significant difference between the two. One of the differences that the author cited between the two was that spirituality is personal and religion is about rules. Merriam, Caffarella & Baumgartner, 2007, quotes Tisdell, 2002, by writing that religion is the faith of a community that is organized and that which has written codes and doctrines of regulatory behavior, meaning that religion is about a community and not an individual, and that it is guided by a set of rules and regulations. Spirituality, on the other hand, is shown as a belief that is more personal and more of an experience of a higher purpose or of a divine spirit, about how individuals construct or create meaning, and what they as individuals and as part of a community attend to and experience and honor in their lives as sacred (Merriam, Caffarella & Baumgartner, 2007). Learning is a process that is continuous, and it was clear for me after this unit that through religion I am able to learn about spirituality.

It was also clear that the two go hand in hand and that they cannot be separated as one without the other does not have any meaning. I found out that experiences can at times be personal, and that at times most individuals require more than one factor and strategies to be able to achieve a certain goal. This I say because I was not sure what religion had to do with my education, but with time I learned that learning how to be a spiritual person needed me to learn about religion, which was also part of my syllabus, and that without one of these my education would not be as complete. I also enjoyed narratives which some of our lessons were delivered in; learning through narratives was especially entertaining and more effective. It is through this class that I can appropriately describe in words many of the methods or processes through which I learned.

The Future

It is only fair to say that I enjoyed this class immensely. I found the course contents extremely informative and essential for my learning process. I was also able to get answers that lingered at the back of my mind. One of the sections that caught my attention was the part on socio- cultural factors. It was clear to me that socio- cultural factor contributed largely to the development of adults. I found out that race, gender, class, and sexual orientation are some of the factors that develop how an individual is affected by these socio- cultural factors in their development. I found that among the African American families that such factors as mental disorders, homosexuality and sexual misconduct were frowned upon or even considered as taboo. The course text Merriam, Caffarella & Baumgartner, 2007 states that an individual’s class, race, sexual orientation and gender among other factors interact to affect or influence the development of that individual.

The way such things would be handled in my family would affect the way I react to or think about these common issues in life. The section on wisdom was also extremely interesting. It was clear that education revolves around life and its essence. The course text argued that wisdom is not a concept that is new and that it has been argued about over centuries by great theologians and philosophers (Merriam, Caffarella & Baumgartner, 2007). Through all this I was able to know that education has come from far and that it is still developing to further extends. It is my hope that it will develop to such extends that it will be able to address any challenge that affects adult education like some socio- cultural factors.

My strengths and weaknesses

Name:

Course:Instructor:

Date:

My strengths and weaknesses

Introduction

From childhood up to adulthood, an individual develops attributes and qualities which enable him or her to cope with life. This may be either positive or negative depending on the upbringing and the environment where one is brought up in. These qualities and attributes enable an individual to face life in all dimensions. I have been brought up in a humble background where my parents are middle income earners. They have always provided for my every need and I have attended the best schools in the state. However, they have always taught me how to be independent and stand on my own. Hence, this has enabled me to determine my areas of strength and weakness as discussed below.My Strengths

Hardworking

As the saying goes, ‘hard work pays’. Since my childhood, I have always worked hard to ensure that my grades are the best. This has enabled me to be admitted to the best schools and pursue a career of my choice. My dream was to become a lawyer which I am almost achieving. I take all the challenges and opportunities which come my way with both hand as they provide me with a platform to learn something new.

I also participate in various competitions and conferences to ensure that I gain more knowledge and skills in all areas of life. This gives me exposure to a number of challenges which encourage me to work harder. I also help my parents to manage our family business and this has given me firsthand experience on how to be dependent. I do not easily when faced with challenges but I take it as an opportunity to learn.

Patience

I am always patient on people and things. This is because not everything is automatic and things do not always work as planned. The world dynamics change day by day due to various innovations in the world of technology. I am patient on how to learn how new things work especially computers and software. I mostly use them in the course of learning therefore I try as much as possible to dedicate more to time to ensure I cope with the challenge more efficiently and effectively. As the saying goes, ‘patience pays’.

Sunshine Girl

My smile and code of conduct has always enabled be to win hearts and favors of many in my life. A beautiful smile gives me strength and courage to face challenges. Believing in myself has always given me the morale to try something new and face new challenges with confidence.

I also love to take advantage of new opportunities which come my way apart from being in school for my training. This includes participating in trainings and competitions. This gives me chances to learn, interact and exchange ideas with other students and mentors in the world. Self drive and confidence have enabled me to achieve my goals.

My Weakness

Shyness

To new people and environment am totally shy. This is an inborn character but I try as much as possible to remain confident and face it all. My friends and lecturers have always encouraged me be confident to face new challenges and opportunities with more courage in order to achieve success in all areas of life apart from my career.

In social places, I fear the comments of my friends on my performance. However, I am working on it to ensure it does not hinder me to achieve my goals as a good entrepreneurial leader must be confident in all occasions to deliver the best out of him or her.

Summary

According to the feedback given by my interviewees, I get along well with my friends and family. This is because I dedicate ample time to interact with them and learn more from them. Hence, I create strong bonds and relationship to ensure that they understand me in all areas.

During my free time, I love swimming on hot afternoons with my friends and hiking. This enables me to relax and interact with my friends. I also love watching comedies and cartoons with my younger siblings so that they can learn and spend more time with me mostly during my vacations.

I am hard working especially in my studies to ensure that I get the best grades in all subjects. This has enabled me to pursue a career of my choice. My parents always advise me to make my passion my profession as I will never regret in future. They have always given me the best advice on how to make the best choices in life.

Am also patient on people and things as things do not always go as planned. In this 21st century, the world is changing faster and one has to take time to learn how the new technology works. Systems of learning have greatly changed hence one must be patient and take time to learn how to handle these things appropriately.

I am confident and lively and it takes minimal time to impress people in all areas. A beautiful smile makes me approachable and friendly to people of all ages. Hence, I take new challenges and hardships as a learning opportunity to learn more from people and experiences.

However, am shy when it comes to meeting people in social gatherings. This mostly affects me when meeting new people in social places. This is an inborn character but I try my best to be courageous and confident. This has always been a challenge to me but I am working on it with the help of my friends.

I take other peoples’ opinion about my life positively as they help me to improve my social life. This includes both positive and negative opinions. I also embrace humility and simplicity when it comes to getting opinion from other people about me. This helps me to learn the areas where I need to improve in order to improve my social. I also love pets especially dogs as they make me happy. Taking care of little puppies gives me joy and strength as they always put a big smile on my face every morning. This also makes me responsible as I have to take care of them daily.

My questions

How do I get along with my family and friends?

What do I do in my free time?

What are my three greatest strengths?

What are my weaknesses?

What are my interests?

Which things amaze you about me?

Which pets I like most?

What is my reaction towards people who are outspoken about their opinion?

Am I shy in social places?

Do I work hard to achieve my goals?

My White Cat

My White Cat

Ever since I was born, people have noted my disposition in humanity and docility.They always described me of having a tender heart which is actually very evident such that most of the children in the neighborhood always liked my company. I was also very friendly to animals to an extent that my parents bought several pets for me. I felt satisfied and happy when I spent time with my animals and especially when feeding, caressing and cleaning them. The peculiar character has since been with me and even as an adult, I still find more pleasure when dealing with animals. I still have some pets at home some of which are goldfish, birds, rabbits, dogs, a horse and a white cat.

My younger sister,however, hates animals with the heart and mind. She does not condone any animal in the house. She always thought of the cat as having terrible look as it was pure white with very sharp eyes. This made her feel scared and astonished whenever the cat entered the house. When she was asked to comment about the cat, she always referred to the notion that animals with that unique shiny color are for witchcraft. These made her even hate the creature more.

Raja was the name of the cat. It was my best and favorite pet and also a playmate. I always walked with him, fed him and he kept me company in the house and even on outings. It was very difficult for me to leave him whenever I went to the streets. People and friends wondered as to why I could walk to the streets with a cat. I even remember one incidence when I bonded a bus to town, and I held Raja in my arms. Women in the bus started screaming, and I had to walk out of the bus. I could not understand why they did this and, therefore, went for a curb.

From that day, I started hiding from him whenever I was to go out by bus.

Our relationship, however, went on for many years. However, my character and general temperament started changing. I started consuming alcohol which made me grow moody as day.I became highly irritable without minding about the feelings of other people and even could use bad language to my own sister. Sometimes I could even beat her up claiming that she is my wife and should, therefore, feed my pets in my absence.

This was also felt by my own pets as I started neglecting them, misused them and even beat them for no good reason. For Raja, I still had sufficient regard that made me not maltreat him. Whenever I was in stable condition and with no moods, I could see my donkeys, rabbits and horse look at me with very sorrowful eyes may be wondering why I was like this to them.

I, however, could ignore this and move on with my life. The disease went on to eat my good character as there is no other disease such as alcohol. This made me even attack my once most favorite pet, Raja. He had now begun to look ugly as he was growing old and had grey fur.

One day I went out very early and as usual had to hide from Raja. On returning home very intoxicated at night, I observed that the cat was trying to avoid me but was trying to track my steps. He hid under my bed, and as I lay slowly on my bed, he jumped and wounded my wrist with his sharp claws. I could not imagine this. The demon had possessed me instantly. I lost my mind completely, and my soul appeared to immediately take flight and I was astonished. I quickly jumped onto my drawer, got hold of a pen knife, pressed to open, got the beast on the neck and cut one ear and pierced the left eye.

I was so furious that I did not have time to think.In the morning, when I was able to reason and had forgotten the previous night’s fumes, I started experiencing half horror sentiments and feeling remorse of the committed crime, I started feeling guilty. This was, however, at best equivocal and feeble feeling. The soul, however, was untouched. I, therefore, went and grasped a drink of wine just to forget and cool my nerves.

The cat recovered slowly by slowly, but the lost ear and wound in the eye was a clear evidence of the fateful day. The wounds were no longer in pain, and he continued with life and moved around in the house as was his past.

He, however, fled in great terror whenever I appeared. My sister could observe this. Probably she could murmur words such as, “you did this to yourself, and you said he was your favorite pet. Now see what you have made him to be…” I tried as much as possible not to meet with her because she always seemed to have something to tell me.

Life became very difficult as I could have nightmares and very unwelcome dreams to theextent of seeing Raja try to skin me alive. I had my previous heart for the animal recovering. I, however, could do very little for the animal as I had gone to the extent of instilling marks of wounds in his body, which I could not forget.I thought of an idea to get rid of the animal so that I could forget it and avoid it tormenting me at night.

One day, I took a rope and tied its neck and hanged it. I went and tied the rope to a tree outside. I thought that a strange animal could come and feed on the same. I could not bury it myself. My mind was shouting that am doing the wrong thing by killing the animal and my soul could be jeopardized. But had to do it and avoid seeing it.On the night of the fateful day, when the cruelest thing happened, I was woken up by huge flames of fire. My house was blazing. The curtains and clothes in my room were in flames. I could not believe my eyes. My sister and I moved out of the conflagration with much difficulty.

Everything else was burnt into ashes. My treasure, my wealth was all swallowed by the fierce blaze. I was unable to seek the cause of the fire and walked away quietly. As I looked up, I met with a piece of rope that I used to hang the cat.

I got surprised and could not move, shout, utter or even close my eyes. I stared at it for a long time wondering where the animal went. What a shame. I had killed it. Probably, it could be the only animal alive now with me. My mind did not rest and I asked myself several questioned. Could it be the one that has caused this? Or does it mean that God has decided to punish me severely for the wrong mistake I did in the morning?

The day after, I visited the place the four walls had fallen. One wall was, however, still intact. It stood at the center of the house where my bed’s head was. The plastering done on this area had resisted the fire. This I attributed to the fact that it had been spread recently. Those examining the place used words such as “strange” “amazing” among others to express similar views. Down there, was a picture of the cat and another of the cat and I. They used to be on the head of my bed.

The strangest thing was that they also were not burnt. As the officers went on with their search, they saw a piece of rope which they pulled and to their surprise, it was a small animal. It was my Raja! I immediately had flashbacks of a funny ammonia smell when the fire was blazing which made me wake up and move out of the house. Probably the neighbors threw the animal in my bedroom with the aim of waking me up and sure enough it worked.

My Raja had saved my life. I knelt down and tears started flowing down my cheeks. I could not imagine that even when my Raja was dead, he still became useful in saving my life. He had been my companion, my friend and my playmate for a very long time in my life until I thought of seeking for another friend in the name of alcohol.

Who made my life a living hell; I forgot my sister, my pets and above all, my friend Raja. I hated myself. One evening as I rested outside on the lawn, my mind was distracted and drawn to a white object, which was on top of a hogshead of Rum that comprised of chief furniture in the house. I steadily stared at the hog’shead for quite some time and approached it. I touched the animal using my hands, and it was a large white cat the size of Raja.

I very much resembled Raja except that it had a black spot on the breast area. When I touched him, he responded positively and arose immediately, purred very slowly, appeared delighted and rubbed against me.This was the kind of animal that I was in need of. I looked around and saw a man cleaning the area. I thought he was the owner and approached him to purchase it. He, however, denied having seen it and said it was his first time to see it. I therefore, walked home with my new friend in my arms.

Sometimes it could jump and walk ahead of me as if curious to reach home. I, however, was worried what my sister would feel about it but to my surprise, she was happy for me and welcomed the creature.We named it Raja 2 in memory of our first cat and we were able to domesticate it. After a short while, the animal was able to adapt and soon we became great friends. My sister was fond of it more than I was and I got used to the same.

Days passed, and the cat got fond of me. It started disliking it as it once made me fall on the stairs as it got between my legs. Slowly by slowly I had feelings of annoyance and disgust which made me feel bitter. I tried to avoid coming into contact with the creature as I did not want a repeat of what I had done with the previous cat.

The memory of the other cat, the cruelty and shame, made me remain silent. This made me avoid physical abuse of the cat. For several weeks, I did not lay a hand on the creature. The reason as to why I developed hatred on the creature is because I had noted that,like my previous Raja, it had a scar on the ear. This made me think that it also had bad behavior. My sister, however, restrained me from doing harm to the animal.

Raja 2 continued the bad behaviors I disliked. The moment I sat on a chair, it would come under the chair, cover me with caresses and jump on my knees. If I dared to wake up and walk, it would very fast have a way between my legs making me almost fall down. Sometimes it could even scare me by fastening the sharp claws it had on my trouser. I tried to hammer it with blows though the memory of the other cat withheld my efforts. I felt ashamed as having brought it in the house. I however, had no alternative.

One fateful day, my sister accompanied me to our small piece of land where we used to cultivate crops after our property succumbed to fire. As we went down the stairs, the damn cat followed us. It had first climbed the roof, and we had not noticed that.

Raja 2 almost threw me down as it passed between my legs. This exasperated my mind to madness. I lifted the axe in my arms, forgetting the wrath of my childish dread in the earlier episode and aimed at the animal. My sister held my arm and shouted a loud NO. My hand went down, and as she released it slowly, I buried the sharp axe on his skull. He collapsed and died without a word.

Having accomplished this, I was relieved to see that I had gotten rid of the damn Raja 2. The creature was no more.

I was in a dilemma as I did not know what to do with the dead body. I could not throw it away in broad daylight as neighbors would see me. Again, I did not know what cover up idea I should tell the police.

On the next day, we buried Raja 2. As I went home from the cemetery, I could hear his voice barking. The voice was like a whisper coming from far. I could also hear the voice of my first dog Raja. This was like a dream. Probably I was thinking about them. I had got rid of the monster in the tomb. Therefore, despite the adventures we have had together, I was forced to accept that death is an inevitable fact of life. Therefore, despite my loss, I took it in with courage and hope for a better future. The monster was walled between four corners of red soil. Never to come back to life. My life changed a lot but I had to cope with it even with absence of my white cats.

Class 2, Week 10 JP Peer Review 1 Response

Class 2, Week 10 JP Peer Review 1 Response

Name

Institutional Affiliation

No two strategic leaders can ever be the same. This has been established by the author. Nelson Mandela and Vladimir Putin are two such leaders, different but similar too. Nelson was focused on doing away with apartheid while Putin was focused on improving Russia’s international relations when they took over presidency. Apartheid increased the racial divide, which trickled down to the economic health of the country, but through his strategic leadership and critical thinking skills, Mandela was able to bring back his country to equality, thus eliminating a great portion of the divide (Sternlight et al., 2015). He embraced civil ways of making the needs of the people known even as they strived to do away with apartheid, which is what the author has detailed.

Apartheid was a style of ruling that encouraged a biased view against non-white South Africans. I agree with the author that Mandela had previously been against the unity between white and black South Africans, but had a change of mind after interactions with Gandhi’s and socialist thinkers’ writings on the importance of this unity (Chasi & Levy, 2016). As the author details, before taking on presidency, Mandela was a great campaigner against HIV/AIDS, seeing that it especially ravaged his fellow countrymen. He is said to have regretted failing to do much when he was president, but he made up for it after his presidency until his death (Boseley, 2013). He was, however, a great critical thinker and strategic leader, in light of the various successes and pitfalls he experienced in his leadership.

I agree with the author that the relationship between Turkey and Russia was shaky, especially after the war they fought in 1736. Putin, however, when he got into presidency, was able to improve these relations. The relations were especially improved by their mutual desire to carry on trade on an increase, a mutual motivation for resolving regional conflicts, Russia’s power interest, and keeping an eye on the West (Warhola & Bezci, 2013). This can likened to Mandela’s quest for unity between the white and black South Africans. Like the author has identified, Putin has used his power to give his people misdirection while being dishonest with them in the clarity of matters regarding Russia. This can just be said to be a strategic leader’s failure since they are supposed to be honest with their people.

Following a request by Syria to have Russia’s military intervention against rebel groups, Putin saw it as a sign to have domination in international relations by centrally placing himself in the crisis as identified by the author. As much as it helped Syria, Putin has embraced it as a source of power control for Russia, while excluding the West in the process (Kalinina, 2014). Despite Putin insisting that he has achieved all that he had set out at the beginning, I agree with the author that organized crime and corruption remain an issue. Russia in the post-Soviet era has shown an increase in organized crime and corruption. Putin has failed to be forthright about this situation he does not take failure kindly (Holmes, 2008). As a strategic leader, he ought to be honest about it, and then find the solutions going forward, like Mandela did as an honest strategic leader.

References

Boseley, S. (2013). How Nelson Mandela changed the AIDS Agenda in South Africa. The Guardian, 6.Chasi, C., & Levy, N. (2016). Mandela and excellent African leadership: lessons from an appreciative thematic analysis.

Holmes, L. (2008). Corruption and organised crime in Putin’s Russia. Europe-Asia Studies, 60(6), 1011-1031.

Kalinina, N. (2014). Militarization of the Middle East: Russia’s Role. Security Index: A Russian Journal on International Security, 20(2), 31-45.

Sternlight, J. R., Schneider, A., Menkel-Meadow, C., Mnookin, R., Goldstone, R., & Andrews, P. (2015). Making Peace with Your Enemy: Nelson Mandela and His Contributions to Conflict Resolution. Nev. LJ, 16, 281.

Warhola, J. W., & Bezci, E. B. (2013). The Return of President Putin and Russian–Turkish Relations: Where Are They Headed?. Sage Open, 3(3), 2158244013503165.

Class 2, Week 11

Class 2, Week 11

Name

Institutional Affiliation

Change in Strategic Leadership Understanding

A strategic leader, to be successful, ought to be a strategic thinker. I have learned a lot on strategic leadership in this line of thinking. Not just anyone can be picked out from the crowd and be made a leader, specifically becoming a strategic leader. I have now understood that for one to become a strategic leader, they ought to apply strategic thinking. Strategic thinking applies various ideas. The strategic leader considers their organization on a larger perspective and how this affects, directly or indirectly, the expectations of their role within the organization. They should also be able to understand their intention for the organization, such that they have clarity on goal achievement and prioritization (Carucci, 2016). Intelligent opportunism is yet another thought I have gained on strategic leadership, viewing the importance of including staff in the company’s strategy so that goal realization is effected by the organization as a whole. Strategic leaders are vision-driven, so that their efforts are motivated by where they are supposed to be in set time goals, while applying a creative and analytical way of thinking that provides creative ways of achieving organizational goals. In short, I have come to view strategic leadership as an all-encompassing role that considers the position and organization wholesomely.

The strategic leader, further, has to be willing to learn. This means that they disengage themselves from only delegation and submerge themselves in their role. They have to place themselves at their subordinates’ level as well as at their superiors’ level, while listening to the views of all those that make up the organization. At this point, the strategic leader is then able to make decisions, not from a skewed point of view, but in a more informed manner that is not only beneficial to the company’s growth, but is also beneficial to their growth as a leader (Kallmyr, n.d.). This creates room for change for the leader. The change and growth they experience is not only for them, but also for the organizational staff that learns from set examples. The strategic leader ends up providing a much-needed, reliable support systems and guidance for those they work with. A strategic leader provides the direction that the company should follow.

Characteristics of Successful Strategic Leaders

To make a strategic leader, I believe there are a set of characteristics that are most significant and effective. With this in mind, these characteristics may be detailed in combination with others to make sense of strategic leadership. An important characteristic of a strategic leader is their ability to balance the vision they have with the execution of the same. Being a visionary is a requirement for a strategic leader. This means they have clarity on short and long-term objectives, while ensuring that there are actions in line with this to help bring the goals to life. This also calls for effective communication with company staff for team effort on the goal realization. They also have to be focused on collaboration (Achieveit, n.d.). A strategic leader is said to be one who holds a lot of important information that comes in handy in the various decision making dockets, but it is important to note the importance of valuing the input of coworkers aside from the confidence they would have in their own knowledge. Coworkers, many times, have great ideas that would steer the company in the right direction. Having multiple perspectives helps give the strategic leader options to work with, so that the best are applied while encouraging an open environment. The organization’s vision is brought to life in the process, with the flexibility of adaptation to change.

The strategic leader should be open to learning. Knowledge can never be exhausted. They ought to be curious and be motivated to learn more about the organization itself, the competition, and the industry in general. Widening the knowledge base helps the leader anticipate better and in a more effective manner. Better planning and vision development occurs in the process. They are in a better position to anticipate challenges and opportunities in their line of work. Lastly, the strategic leader ought to be a decision maker that is not only data-driven, but is also transparent. They have to be motivated to access data that would help improve their organizational business while understanding the value that this data adds onto goal realization. The role of this data in strategy development and decision making is just as significant. Their decisions have to be based on data so that there is clarity on how decisions have been arrived at (Giles, 2016). This also means that they need to be good communicators. The staff better understands the importance of transparency in decision making. Not only is the data-driven mindset focused on effective decision making, it also helps in standing out against competitors in the market. Strategic leaders make it possible for the anticipation of challenges and opportunities, data evaluation, feedback from within and without the organization, as well as motivation to take action wherever and whenever needed.

References

Achieveit.(N.D.). 4 Characteristics of Phenomenal Strategic Leaders. Achieveit.com. https://www.achieveit.com/resources/blog/4-characteristics-phenomenal-strategic-leadersCarucci, R. (2016). Make strategic thinking part of your job. Harvard Business Review.

Giles, S. (2016). The most important leadership competencies, according to leaders around the world. Harvard Business Review, 15.

Kallmyr. (N.D.). Strategic Thinking and Strategic Leadership. Kallmyr.com. http://www.kallmyr.com/strategic-thinking-and-strategic-leadership/

References

My September 11th

My September 11th

On September ninth I celebrated my twenty-third birthday, which wasn’t much as I had just moved into my new one bedroom apartment the week before. My new place was in D.U.M.B.O., Brooklyn, a very unique and eclectic neighborhood located at the base of the Brooklyn and Manhattan bridges, right down underneath the Manhattan bridge overpass (hence the acronym). One of the reasons that I loved this neighborhood so much (besides my fabulous new loft pad in an undercover community of amazing artists), was it’s prime location on the water front of the East River. A quick two block walk along the quiet cobble stone streets, then squeezing through the hole in the tattered fence that guards the empty lot over grown with weeds, and I was in heaven: my very own private spot on the water, where the most amazing pink, orange and blue sunsets occurred over the Brooklyn Bridge, the borough of Manhattan, and the Twin Towers. Little did I know that my semi-private sanctuary was about to become a constant visual reminder of the most dreadful day of my life. The events of September eleventh were about to unfold in front of everyone’s eyes, changing life as we knew it.

I woke up that morning thinking it would be like any other. It was a sunny and beautiful yet unusually warm September day. I was running late, as usual, straining to hear the morning news in the living room while in the bath room preparing myself for the day. Not only was this one of the first mornings spent in my new apartment, but this Tuesday in particular marked the first week I had spent on my new job managing the business affairs for a photo stylist. As I had spent the past few years in dot com land, I was quite enthusiastic about my new endeavor. Tuesday, the eleventh, we were scheduled to be shooting a print ad for David’s Bridal. Suddenly, in the other room, I heard the news anchor say that a plane had hit one of the towers. Curious to see what was going on, I casually walked into the living room, mascara wand in hand, and gawked at the billowing smoke. As New Yorkers are easily jaded, I blew it off thinking one of those tourist helicopter rides over the city had gone awry. They always seem to be flying so low, like awkward young birds just about to graze the tree tops. Staying home in the safety of my own apartment never even crossed my mind. Once I made my way outside and looked towards the water front, it all seemed a bit more serious, and I noticed people beginning to gather on their rooftops, struggling for a better view. I grabbed a copy of the Post and a coffee, and made my way to the subway.

The Manhattan bound F train was a bit more alert than usual. On most mornings the sporadic jerking and constant humming vibration of the subway cars seemed to put people into deep sleep. But today, people who typically chose to remain sleepy, silent and anonymous, were engaged in serious conversation with strangers. I overheard at least ten side bar conversations of passengers recounting, and often exaggerating the mornings events. I then heard someone say that a second plane had hit the other tower, and next came talk of it not being accidental. Reality was now lurking all around me, but I had no clue of the events to come. I was a bit concerned at that point, as being trapped underground on a subway car is not the best place to be during a catastrophe. Not really knowing what to be fearful of or why, I continued to read my paper, transferred to the uptown A, and got off in Chelsea on West 23rd Street.

Sweating profusely as I pounded the pavement on my way to the studio, I noticed people flocking on the corners of the Avenue’s, facing downtown towards the World Trade Center. Intrigued as I was, I sped up my pace since I was already twenty minutes late. As I walked into the quiet studio, I had no idea of the horror that had begun to unfold. The sun was reflecting off of the white washed walls, casting shadows of the window panes onto the white floor. A man whom I had never seen before came walking towards me, looking me dead in the eyes. His shirt was a faded olive color, his neatly trimmed hair was jet black, and his style screamed wardrobe guy. The look on his face seemed to be void of all emotion, except fear. This stranger placed his trembling hands on my shoulders and said with a tearful voice, “The tower fell. The tower collapsed. It’s terrible.” He placed his hand over his mouth and walked into another room. I later learned that his boyfriend worked in one of the towers, and I never did find out if he survived. Reflecting back upon that moment now, I’ve never had anyone speak to me with such emotion as he did, especially a stranger.

The studio we were shooting in, on the twenty-sixth floor, had floor to ceiling picture windows, with both southern and eastern exposure. On any given day this view of the skyscrapers, bridges and landscapes covering New York City was like a postcard, but today it was a birds eye view of mass destruction. Thinking the worst had passed, I pushed my way through the hypnotized crowd and toward the window. What felt like mere minutes was actually an hour, and I was still standing at the glass when the second tower fell. I’ve never felt so helpless, and have yet to experience a moment so surreal as that one. The great beasts that loomed over the southern tip of my city were now laid to rest.

The remainder of the day seemed a week long, even longer for those who could not immediately reach their loved ones. Communications were limited, as the main antennas for cell phone reception were located on top of one of the towers. The massive antennas now served as a road block somewhere down on Chambers Street. Being an only child, I knew my parents, at home in Michigan, were desperate to know I was safe. It took hours before I could get an outside line, and when I finally did, my mother was hysterical. She was in her office and made a conference call to include my father in the conversation. It was the first moment we’ve had as a family since their divorce four years prior. Funny how people forget their grievances amidst a tragedy. Next I was concerned about locating my best friend Amy who attended classes two blocks north of what was soon to be called ‘Ground Zero.’ She was a nursing student, and as I wouldn’t believe anything other than she was all right, I was concerned that she was possibly trapped while trying to assist others. To make matters worse, John, her husband of three months was a young police officer, one of New York’s finest, and I was sure that he had headed straight for disaster, trying to bring her and others to safety. After countless hours of trying to reach both of them, and their families in Long Island and Michigan, I finally got word from Amy’s brother that they were both fine. Amy was on the street, talking to her mother on the phone when the first plane struck. She immediately headed for safety, and followed the zombie-like masses, on foot, across the Williamsburg bridge to Brooklyn. John, after knowing Amy’s whereabouts, hopped in an emergency services van with other officers and headed straight for the scene. He helped with the rescue efforts well into the night, and continued to do so for weeks after, working many fourteen hour days. The unity and brotherhood of New York’s civil servants is something to be admired, and I am proud to call him my friend.

In today’s world of technology, it’s astounding to think that we didn’t have a television set in the studio, only radio. All day, although seeing things from my own up close and personal perspective, I had no clue of the gruesome and horrific images being broadcast nation wide. By five o’clock that evening, a few subway lines that were the major arteries of the city were opened up for scattered service. I was lucky enough to catch the train home, although it was a mental challenge to get on board – what if something else happened? What if we were stuck underground? An extra long and nerve wracking ride resulted in my returning home, safe and sound. My friends from the neighborhood had all gathered at our local watering hole, Between the Bridges. With all the news reports I watched that night, the scene that stands out the most was that of a massive cloud of smoke, rounding the corner and devouring the crowd which tried to escape it. I felt the pain of those who suffered, but was wrapped in the warmth of being surrounded by my friends. As they say, misery loves company.

That evening I walked down to my sanctuary by the water, where others like me who live for that spot had already gathered. At the time we couldn’t notice the absence of the towers, as a massive cloud of black smoke hovered in their place. Ashes, debris, and office documents covered the concrete blocks where we sat. The smoke, the constant wailing of the sirens, and the soot resting on our shoulders weren’t the worst of it though – what I remember most was the pungent stench that lingered for a week. My favorite place in the world was now a dismal reminder of the greatest tragedy known to my generation…right there, in my own backyard.

Bibliography:

None. Personal, narrative descriptive essay.