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Chapter FourGroup health insurance results in lower premiums for subscribers for several reasons. Small businesses can get group health insurance for their employees which lowers the costs for these employees. One reason why premium costs are lower is that a larger number of people means lower risk for the insurance company—group health insurance cover between one and 50 people, and the more people, the better for them. The premiums are also lower because both employers and employees contribute to the insurance plan, meaning shared costs between the two and reduced premiums for employees. One of the most critical variables in choosing a family insurance plan is the costs. An example of such costs is the minimum cost which one has to pay even when they do not visit the hospital. Another cost is the guaranteed cost, which is the out-of-pocket payments that one makes after a visit to the hospital.

Medicaid and Medicare are both federal programs that provide healthcare to vulnerable populations in the country, but there are some differences in how they work and the people they serve. Medicare covers all citizens over the age of 65, as well as those who might be younger but have some disabilities. Medicare differs from Medicaid in that it covers all who fall in this category regardless of income. On the other hand, Medicaid covers low-income individuals. When a person is eligible for both of these programs, they can use both of them for health coverage, although there are some differences in the types of services offered under each and the cost-sharing methods.

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Museum Category: Southern/Decorative

Class (Freshman, Sophomore, etc.)

Paintings and Drawings

Word Count: 1085

The Relevance of Painting and Drawings in Promoting Cultural Heritage

The Museum of American Architecture and Decorative Arts is located in Houston Baptist University. The museum contains various artifacts and artworks that are vital in a society that today. The museum enables people to see and learn different aspects of home decoration, interior design, and architecture. It is a place where people can learn the history of famous structures such as the Alamo Shrine in San Antonio, Texas, the Art Deco District in Savannah Georgia, the Washington Monument in Washington D.C., Carnegie Hall, and many other museums around the nation that are listed on this website. Moreover, it displays various artworks that were obtained through donations like posters by famous artists around the world such as Picasso and Monet who were both born during this century. Some of the artifacts and artworks found in the Museum of American Architecture and Decorative Arts are unlike anything you’d find at any other museum. Offering a glimpse into the lives and homes of the people who built our country, including Thomas Jefferson and his philosophy on architecture. Exhibiting designs from iconic architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright and Louis Sullivan. This article will look at one artifact and describe its significance in enhancing the viewer’s appreciation of the artifact.

The Museum of American Architecture and Decorative Arts hosts the most comprehensive collection of drawings and paintings in America, spanning 1750 to 1940. The museum’s collection includes manuscript materials such as drawings and correspondence. Artists such as Thomas Cole (1801-1848), Frederick Church (1826-1900), Albert Bierstadt (1830-1902), Frederic Church (1826-1900) and John La Farge provide rare insights into their creative processes in correspondence with patrons or with each other and through the sketches and studies they left behind.

Some of the artifacts and artworks found in the Museum of American Architecture and Decorative Arts are the products of the Art Alliance of America and the Cooper Union, both of which were active in promoting an open-minded approach to American art and design. These collections include drawings and paintings by artists such as Thomas Hart Benton, George Bellows, and Edward Hopper; decorative objects made by Tiffany Studios; furniture designs by Frank Lloyd Wright for his family’s homes in Oak Park, Illinois; model buildings designed for urban renewal projects in Philadelphia. The Museum is the only institution that offers a comprehensive view of America’s architecture from colonial times to the present day (Castellano & Vessio, 2021).

The drawings and paintings in The Museum of American Architecture and Decorative Arts are made of a wide variety of mediums, such as chalk and charcoal, pastels, oils, watercolor and more. These drawings can range from a time period up to present day. One of the great things about throwing open the doors on these museums is that you are not limited to just looking at these pieces through a lens but are encouraged to really explore them with your eyes and create your own stories about what happened in this world many years ago or what might happen in the future. their sizes tend to vary from small to large. The pieces in this museum are from a bygone era, allowing us to look back in our history and learn from it.

These drawings and paintings were made for the general citizens of America to assist them to uphold their culture. These artifacts tend to be unique from other drawings and paintings in other museums around the world. This is since the museum can afford to buy exclusive materials from around the world. These artifacts are from 1948 and 1949. The museum began keeping it afterward. The museum is home to many other pieces of art and traces of construction. There is a piece that is in the form of a horse head which reflects the theme of ancient Rome. The official color of the museum is blue, but it has been changed on occasion. In addition to this, there are many paintings that exhibit scenes from around the world including Japan, Africa, China, and Korea to name a few.

The Museum of Art and Design was built to showcase the myriad materials and styles of American art and architecture for the general public. The museum has a range of indoor and outdoor exhibitions. The outdoor exhibitions are designed as a part of New York City’s High Line, an elevated park created on an old railway spur. It is located in Chelsea’s historic industrial neighborhood, along West 22nd Street between 10th Avenue and Eleventh Avenue, which are also the busiest streets in the area. The museum building sits at the intersection of West 21st Street and Ninth Avenue, just west of Tenth Avenue. The MetLife Building is direct across West 23rd Street from the Museum.

The historical context of the drawings and paintings in The Museum of American Architecture and Decorative Arts illustrates the cultural value of these artifacts. The Museum of American Architecture and Decorative Arts houses one of the most comprehensive collections of American drawings, paintings, plaster reliefs, cartoons, watercolors, and lithographs in the world. The museum emphasizes historic interiors decorated during all periods from 1825 to 1925.

As a museum piece, the drawings and paintings in The Museum of American Architecture and Decorative Arts illustrate a distinct impression to different people. Important figures such as Thomas Jefferson and Louis Sullivan will be highlighted for their contributions to the architectural world (McQuaid, 2002). For more than a century, The Museum of American Architecture and Decorative Arts has been housing some of the most significant pieces in American art history. It has continued to preserve its collection, which includes drawings and paintings spanning 1850-1950s by artists such as Abbott, Abbey, Ben Shahn, Charles Burchfield, and many more. These pieces come together in one location for both young and old alike who are interested in American art.

In conclusion, drawings and paintings in museums serves a significant purpose in enhancing the preservation of a society’s cultural heritage as it transmits knowledge, beliefs, and values from one generation to another. In addition, this type of art allows the viewer to become captivated with the artwork as it is at their own pace. It also provides a deep understanding on how those who came before us lived through their artwork. Drawings and paintings in museums is a major topic for museums because of its ability to tell a story about not only the artist but also about that era’s culture. It can be seen as an avenue for social change that provides significance in combating societal issues such as prejudice, discrimination, and ignorance.

References

Castellano, G., & Vessio, G. (2021, January). A brief overview of deep learning approaches to pattern extraction and recognition in paintings and drawings. In International Conference on Pattern Recognition (pp. 487-501). Springer, Cham.

McQuaid, M. (2002). Envisioning architecture: drawings from the Museum of Modern Art. The Museum of Modern Art.

Remembered, A., from Victorian, A. H. H. D., & Kuhlman, T. B. K. L. MUSEUM OF AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE AND DECORATIVE ARTS. “A PIECE OF THE PAST” UNIVERSITY MUSEUM ESSAY CONTEST, 30.

Museum of Brands

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Museum of Brands

This paper is giving a detailed report on the visit conducted to the Museum of Brands. During this time, we walked around all the sections of this place in order to ensure that we got a lot of education on various matters. However, this paper will focus on the lessons learnt from the branding section. It is true that our visit was quite informative because we got an opportunity to know a lot of things concerning branding which we had theoretically studied in class.

To begin with, it was so interesting to learn about the brands of various commodities in this museum. While some of them familiar to us, the rest were totally new. Hence, we got an opportunity to learn about the historical development of the museum and designs of various brands of commodities. This would be important to us since it would give us an opportunity to contextualize all that we had learnt in the branding class throughout the week.

I was particularly delighted to learn about the invention and historical developments of the Cadbury’s Drinking Chocolate. After its discovery as a one-man shop in the 1824, it was really interesting to learn that it is still popular to date. Many people still consider this brand as the most preferred choice over other substitutes and complementary goods. Cadbury’s drinking chocolate has been a very successful brand for a very long time since its inception. It has become a household name in many places today. It has gone a lot of transitions in its designs and brands especially during the Victorian, 1920s and 1990s. Hence, it is popular with many people who simply prefer it because of the kind of originality it has maintained since then. In other words, it has been consistent for a long time now. This has made it easier to appeal to the clients who often identify with its repeated adverts.

It managed to survive all the past eras because of the high level of creativity and originality witnessed in its designs. This made its advertisements be appealing to many people who have now embraced the use of this commodity. The consistencies in its designs have made it become popular over others. Hence, many buyers use it in their day to day consumptions. As a result, it has survived the past eras because of the honesty displayed in its designs. Its mega brands have been filtered to make them appropriate to the context in which they are used. Its logos and brand designs are relevant to the changing demands, tastes and preferences of the clientele seeking to use the product for clinical purposes.

Some of the photos for Cadbury’s Drinking Chocolate brands include the following:

A part from the Cadbury’s Drinking Chocolate, i also learnt a lot about different brands of Greeting Cards present in this museum. These are found in the Victorian Scrapbook and are attributed to the effects of mass production. These cards have also managed to survive during all the eras despite the challenges that have been experienced. According to the information we got, this has been possible because of the persistent improvements done in designing such brands.

Very many designs of Greeting Cards such as Standard Greeting Cards; Photo Greeting Cards, Personalized Greeting Cards, Musical Greeting Cards and Pop-Up Cards are used. Their use has been changing periodically depending on the demands of the market and changing technologies. Hence, their designs have changed over the years in order t cope up with the market demands. As a result, diverse needs of the clients have been met making it be so successful. Hence, it appeals to many people who stick to them because of their well designed adverts.

Some of the photos that can be used to illustrate this brand include the following:

On the other hand, during this visit, I also realized that there are a lot of brand designs that I had never heard of before. The knowledge about them was very important because it helped me to be more aware of the various commodity brands in the market today. Some of them included the following:

Ping pong

I have never known that there is a game called ping-pong. However, when I went to this museum, I realized that there are lots of materials used for playing this type of game. Hence, these brands are only applicable to the players of this game. Just like other brands, the designs of these materials have also undergone very significant changes. This has been in response to the changing demands of the clients. Hence, the museum stocks these designs and illustrates on how effectively they have been designed to create some uniqueness in the market. The changing designs in the brands and logos of these materials have enabled it to appeal to many clients.

The following are some of the Illustrations for the various designs of this product:

Royal souvenirs

Before I went to this museum, I did not know about this kind of product. However, my visit helped me because I realized that royal souvenirs are collection of gifts that can be bought by anybody willing to give an expensive gift to their friend or relative. These gifts can also be used to appreciate a person for doing something remarkable. At the same time, they can be used during wedding ceremonies.

However, the history of their use is very long because it began very many years a go. Hence, it is important for individuals to know that they may be very expensive to acquire. All the various brands have been used in advertisements for this precious product. That is why many people like to purchase it for various uses.

The illustration pictures are listed herein:

In conclusion, I would like to agree with the fact that Museum of Brands is an ideal place for practical sessions of this class. It equipped us with knowledge on the historical development and changing trends in branding and advertisements of a range of products. Even if much of these brands start from a very miniature level, they expand into mega brands in order to address the changing demands of clients. Surely, this museum is quite educative and should be used by anyone willing to learn more about branding.

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Chapter one and chapter nineteen passages of the Quran talk about the mercies and rewards of Allah on those who have faith in him. The passages also focus on the wrath and punishment that befalls believers who reject, ignore or ridicule the message conveyed to them by His prophet. Allah is portrayed as merciful and Compassionate. Allah listens to the prayer of Zacharia, who pleads with Him to grant him an heir. Allah sent his Angel to Zacharia to tell him that his barren wife would bear a son called John. In addition, these passages also show that Allah is powerful through the miracles he performed. Through His power, Mary got pregnant and bore a child called Jesus.

Islam is a very interesting religion. Its believers rely on the teachings of the prophet sent by Allah for guidance in their daily lives. They believe that living a righteous life, submitting wholly to Allah through acts of peace, and praying to Allah at least five times a day puts them right with Him on judgment day. Allah is portrayed as the judge of good and evil, and the believers strive to live a life on earth that is pleasing to Him. This religion value the relationship between Allah and His people, their destiny, and the afterlife promised by their Creator. The adherents of the Islamic religion also believe that God is the Creator of the universe and is unique to His creation.

Chapter one and chapter nineteen recitation of the Quran carries the message of love, faith, and true worship. The recitations also show that Allah sends his prophets to the world to convey His message to His people. The prophets sent by Allah manifest themselves in human form, such that they interact and deliver the message of Allah to the people through verbal and practical teachings. Every Muslim is expected to recite the teachings of the Quran as a prayer offering to Allah. The recitation is systematic, easy to read and remember, making it easy for the adherents of the Muslim religion to master and achieve uniformity in their gatherings. Furthermore, the recitation is guided by a sheik, who is the designated congregation leader. He guides the people on the prayers to be recited next and the practices that follow. These recitations bring Muslims together and draw them closer to their Creator.

Going through the Chapter one and chapter nineteen of the Quran has been educative and impactful for me. I have learned that the Islamic culture preaches peace and unity among its adherents. They believe helping one another is one of the ways of pleasing Allah hence gaining mercies and favor from Him. My perspective of the Muslim culture has also changed after reading the Quran. Unlike the negative narratives propagated by stereotypes in society, Muslims are kind, loving, and accommodative people. Reading these chapters has been an eye-opener for me and has enabled me to appreciate and embrace the Muslim culture more. Moving forward, I intend to read more chapters of the Quran and learn more about the religion.

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Chapter Two: Human Nature

Chapter two of the book discusses human nature. It opens through coming up with the issue, “who and what am I.” According to this chapter, how individuals typically view themselves has been intensely subjective by the traditional theories of human nature which includes; the Western religious view as well as the rationalist view. There exist several approaches that tend to explain more about the concept of human nature like the existentialism and Darwinian theories. However, some of these views like the traditional ones have met a lot of challenges. For example, the notions of uniqueness and purpose have been met with some difficulties, for instance, the Darwinian evolution. On the other hand, the concept of human nature has also been challenged by existentialism. Feminists have also raised some questions regarding the role of gender in the formation of human identity. The traditional theory assumes that humans tend to be enduring themselves and they are obligated to be self-sufficient. Among all these theories, it is hard to determine the correct and wrong ones, but it is vivid that humans regularly tend to interpret the aspects of their lives from the views arising from these theories.

According to this chapter human nature denotes to what precisely a human nature is, and what makes human to be different from anything else. Therefore some crucial matters have been raised by the individual’s views of human nature and some of them include questions of whether humans have some spiritual characteristic or they are only material. Also, the questions of whether they are self-absorbed, cooperative plus being aggressive are raised. These questions result typically in some arguments that can only be solved through deductive or inductive, whereby deductive reasoning is valid if the evidence is true; thus, the conclusion is correct. The traditional Western theory adopts that human nature is the same among all humans. An excellent example version of a traditional western view is the ancient Greek outlook that regards humans as exceptionally rational creatures with some special purpose. This view purports that human desire should be controlled by reason over their aggressiveness and desire. There is also the Judeo-Christian religious opinion that humans resemble the image of God, who has gifted them with the aptitude to love as well as lucid self-consciousness.

However, some scientists challenge the traditional opinion of human nature. Darwin, a renowned philosopher, argues that human underwent what is called evolution. According to Darwin, humans evolved from the earlier species through undergoing random variations and also some natural selection that fitted only the strong to survive. His main point is that human nature lacks some purpose and therefore it is not exceptional. The existentialist tends to deny the fact that human possesses similar fixed nature, but each usually creates his or her specific nature. They suggest that humans have the power of choosing and creating the kind of life that they want.

The Feminists outlook is that human’s notion of reason, body, minds, and emotions are centered in favor of the male against the female gender. However, this theory has been proven by scientists to be wrong and sexist. There is also the Descartes dualist that also explains the notion of human nature. It argues that humans are material bodies who possess immaterial minds. Descartes contends that the enduring soul in humans is a soul while Locke explains that it is the memory that typically creates the enduring self. Contrary, Hume, and Buddhism claim that there exists no enduring self. Moreover, there exist several other theories with different opinions regarding human nature such as identity theory, behaviorism, and functionalism.

As seen above all these views hold different opinions although there exists some that overlap. Although nobody can decide for any individual to which theory to incline to, it is vivid that the rejection or acceptance of any of these theories will have a significant influence on individuals’ lives and how they tend to live it.

Works Cited

Velasquez, Manuel. Philosophy: A text with readings. Cengage Learning, 2016.

Paper #2

Museum Visit Paper

(200 points)

Overview:

Take a virtual tour of a major art museum from the list provided and identify one artwork to describe and analyze.

Describe the work and how it is displayed.

Identify the style of the work.

Analyze the work by describing and applying commonly used approaches and criteria for analyzing works of art (basic elements and principles of art).

Include a photo of the work.

Requirements:

Length: Minimum of 1500-words, double-spaced, not including title page and works cited page.

Tutoring though Tutor.com is required for this paper

Outside research requirements—at least 2 sources, and textbook

Use MLA Citation format (cite in-text and on a citations page at the end)

Submit a reflection paragraph in a separate document (about 100 words)

Objectives:

The objective of this assignment is to write a four-page paper:

Describe using all of the art elements

Analyze an artwork using all of the art principles

Identify the style

Due Dates:

Submit your paper as a Word document by uploading it on Blackboard

No other submission method or file type will be accepted!

Sun. 3/21Museum Paper Topic due–identify the Museum and the artwork

Sun. 4/18Rough Draft due—send it to Tutor.com

Sun. 5/2Final Draft due—include comments from Tutor.com Reflection Paragraph due—submit it in a separate document along with your paper

References:

Internet materials—you may use websites, and periodicals for research

Please do not use Wikipedia or Encyclopedias

Resources:

Tutor.com: a free online tutoring service available to all PCCC students

Find the link at the bottom of your Blackboard “My PCCC” page

Course LibGuide: http://pccc.libguides.com/ae-101EasyBib — Citation management software to help you create citations

Details:

Choose a major museum to take a virtual tour of from the list provided. The list is posted on Blackboard.

Take a self-guided tour–wander around a bit to get used to the atmosphere.

Now you’re ready to choose a single work of art. It can be a painting, print, sculpture, drawing, installation, etc. Feel free to pick whatever piece seems to “speak” to you.

After gazing at the piece for a significant amount of time, and taking notes, you are ready to do some research and begin writing.

Minimum of 1,500 words, double-spaced, that include the following:

Introduce your topic and identify the work by artist, title, date, medium, and size.

Include a Photograph of the work with your paper.

Describe how the piece is displayed. Include information about how it is framed or installed and what artworks are displayed next to it. Be specific!

Discuss the technique–Briefly describe how the work was made.

Research and discuss the Art Style. Identify the Art Style, such as Renaissance, Impressionism, Surrealism, etc. and describe an aspect of the work that indicates the art style.

Describe the work using all of the art elements listed below. If the work does not relate to an element in any way, you should say so. The description should be detailed enough so that a viewer unfamiliar with the work might be able to get a mental picture of it and give the reader a sense of what the work looks like. You can begin with what is depicted, who or what is represented.

Art Elements

Line

Shape

Space

Value

Color

Texture

Analyze the work. You should analyze how the artwork relates to each of the principles of design. If the work does not relate to a principle in any way, you should say so.

Principles of Design

Balance

Repetition and Rhythm

Scale and Proportion

Emphasis (focal point)

Movement

Harmony/Variety/Unity

In conclusion, and based on your research and all the careful examination of this work, did you reach any new conclusion or ideas about the work that weren’t obvious to you at first? Has your interpretation changed?

Reflection Paragraph–In a separate file, write a reflection paragraph, about 100 words. You should write about your experience in researching and writing this paper. You can include what you expected, and what you learned.

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Museum Visit Report

I have always been excited about history and particularly museums. I once did a class assignment where our teacher required us to visit a historical monument and write a report. I had just visited the Rubin Museum the previous week and enquired whether I could include that in the report, it was difficult to go down to Manhattan and I was just there less than a week past on 3rd February, 2019. The Rubin Museum is one of the most underrated historical places in the country. There was information about the Tibetan history with breathtaking displays. The Tibetan culture is fascinating because of the pursuit of enlightenment, which is quite an interesting phenomenon. This is a report on the visit to the Rubin Museum including additional information on the historical context inspired by the artifacts in the building and the history about it.

Getting to the Museum, the entrance was blocked by joyous groups with various artists playing live sounds and one had to squeeze between the many people to get to the door and into the building. Apparently, I had gone on a day when an annual block party was in progress. It was beautiful and cultural with dancers shaking their body to the live music and various treats spread all over. The entrance was exciting and no one would mind the commotion. It was my plan to go in and then come back to the party. I was still excited about finding a little history of the Buddha with figures and all. A six-story staircase led to an exhibition area. There were several guides that showed people around but I wanted to do the tour alone and maybe join a group later. I had one intention and that was to begin at the Tibetan exhibition area.

The Tibetan culture was particularly important to me because it is currently under threat from restriction to express the culture by the Chinese, the gradual loss of national identity, and mass Chinese immigration. A particular piece that I came across that was interesting in terms of cultural significance and the display was something titled the “Four-Armed Avalokiteshvara in His Pure Realm of Potalika.” It looked like pigment on canvas placed between walls and people walked up to a frame and placed their arms against the glass, a gimmick that was confusing until one got their turn. One was supposed to lean against the glass, touch the wall, and like sorcery you could hear the chants of monks and the vibrations of the sound could be felt on the hand. It was as if the sound of some invincible soul that made the chants came to life.

The Tibetan people live by Buddhist principles with nuns and monks playing a crucial role in providing guidance and education (Pauls). The Tibetan people work hard to protect their religion and culture, which makes it unfortunate that the Chinese are undermining this beautiful culture with an important place in history.

At the museum, I moved to a section that had a little history of Buddha called the Tibetan shrine room. Here I gathered information that Buddhas were lifted from the earth when they achieved enlightenment. Not all Buddhas, however, left the earth and one group called the Bodhisattvas remained with the people to provide guidance and help them achieve their own enlightenment. The museum had displays of Buddha himself, Shakyamuni, who was named after the religion because of his role in founding it. Alongside him were different sculptures and paintings illustrating different expressions and gestures.

The experience at the museum augmented information that was provided in history books. For a person that has almost as much interest as me, this was a particularly an enriching experience. Walking out of the museum challenged an individual to research more on particular topics, like for my case was the Buddhist theory of evanescence and the Tibetan sky funeral. Be it a documentary, a visit to an exhibition, or a museum, augmenting class work with an external activity kills the monotony of always being in class provides students with the opportunity for additional information not covered in the syllabus.

Works Cited

Pauls, Elizabeth Prine. “Tibetna People .” 2019. Encyclopedia Britannica . Website . 29 February 2020

Chapter 8 Reflection

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Chapter 8 Reflection

In this week after going through week 9 and chapter 8 of the course I have learnt a lot especially with regards to labeling and deviance. There is a lot of information regarding how different people are labeled as having some acts which do not agree to eh conventional way of doing things and this is a very important part of any society. The most important thing about labeling is that a community or a society is able to label and give a name to an actor who does something against the society. The major role of labeling is trying to make sure that everyone does what the society needs and what allows them to fit into the society. If a person takes the items of others without permission the person is labeled as a thief and that affects him or her. However it is not meant to make the person uncomfortable but to protect the social constructions within the society.

Reference

Williams III, F.P., & McShane, M.D. (2018). Criminological theory (7th ed.). New York: Pearson.

Chapter 13: Reducing Mass Incarcerations in Texas

Mass incarceration has been a major problem not only to the State of Texas but also to other major states across the United States. As a result, there is a need to address this issue to help reduce the population of people under incarceration as well as the costs of maintaining the imprisoned people. The State of Texas needs to mobilize the policymakers to enact reforms targeting the main drivers to the high incarceration rates.

One of the reforms includes the decriminalization of certain activities and reclassifying certain low-level felonies (Rosen). There has been mass incarceration that has been as a result of small crimes such as possession of certain drugs like marijuana. The lawmakers need to look to measures aimed at reducing or even eliminate the criminal penalties for such crimes, and this will significantly reduce the number of incarcerated individuals while at the same time protecting the population.

Another consideration is the expansion of the use of alternatives to prison for non-violent crimes and as well divert people with mental health or substance problems away from the criminal justice system altogether (Engel et al.), and this will greatly help in easing the congestion at the prisons. Another alternative that could be considered includes adopting community service for minor offenders. The policymakers should also aim at reducing the length of the prison terms as well as the parole and probation periods. By doing this, a room will be created for new offenders, and therefore, the government will have eased the congestion in the prisons.

Finally, the policymakers should restrict the use of prison for the technical violations of parole and probations (Pompoco et al.). There are many people who have been imprisoned for the violation of the parole requirements, and this has contributed to the rise of the number of prisoners. The policymakers should come up with measures to restrict this trend from happening in the future.

Works Cited

Engel, Robin S., et al. “Alternatives to Arrest.” The Power to Arrest. Springer, Cham, 2019. 75-122.

Pompoco, Amanda, et al. “Reducing inmate misconduct and prison returns with facility education programs.” Criminology & Public Policy 16.2 (2017): 515-547.

Rosen, Alana E. “High time for criminal justice reform: Marijuana expungement statutes in states with legalized or decriminalized marijuana laws.” Available at SSRN 3327533 (2019).

Chapter 9 Discussion Forum

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Chapter 9 Discussion Forum

Crime, according to conflict theories, is the result of inequality and lack of consideration. Conflict theorists believe that society is not fair and it is not equal for everyone. Therefore, this means that a person can do a criminal offense and fail to go to jail because of their social status while another person who does the same crime goes to jail (Black, 2014). This is the inequality that is highly talked about by conflict theorists. The fact that this can happen explains the non-ending conflicts between those who are oppressed with their oppressors.

A good example would be to take a hypothetical situation whereby a person like Elon Musk is murdering a person. Even if this were true, the lawyers and everyone would try as much as possible to make sure that Elon musk does not go to jail (Moore & Morris, 2011). However, if it was just a farmer involved in such a case, the possibility of going to jail is 9 out of 10, while Elon Musk is 2 out of 10 (Williams & McShane, 2018). Therefore according to conflict theorists, crime makes those weak or unconsidered in the society suffer. In contrast, the others who are known and have influence benefit or are not affected by crime.

Reference

Black, P. (2014). Conflict Theories of Crime. The Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 1-5.

Moore, M., & Morris, M. B. (2011). Political science theories of crime and delinquency. Journal of human behavior in the social environment, 21(3), 284-296.

Williams III, F.P., & McShane, M.D. (2018). Criminological theory (7th ed.). New York: Pearson.