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A Complete Marketing Plan of Nike Shoes

Every business, whether small or big, must have a business plan in order to be able to achieve the goals that it was established to meet. The plan acts as a guide on the progress of the business in all major aspects of the business. The plan also gives an overview of the business strengths and weaknesses, as well as identifies some of the major competitors and the threats they pose to the business.

In the year 1962, two-business men came together to form a firm that would import Japanese shoes. The founder of the firm Bill Bower and Phil Knight at the time labeled it Blue Ribbon Sports. The firm later changed its name to Nike the name, which is famous all around the world. The firm has since then grown to become the number one producers of sports shoes and other sports products (Nike Inc, 2013).

Currently, Nike is one of the leading brand names not just in shoes but other sports equipment. The firm products are divided into four categories, equipment, footwear, and apparels. Some of the sports equipment that is produced by Nike includes Nike Golf, Nike+, Nike skating boarding, and Nike Pro. Nike products are sold all over the world, thus giving it an edge against its competitors in the business. The firm currently has its products being sold in more than 160 countries worldwide. In the United States of America alone, the firm has over 22,000 retail outlets. According to a fiscal report in the year 2008, all the products sold by Nike came to about $18.6 billion. Footwear products accounted for 52%, equipment 6%, apparel 28%, and others 14%. The firm also sponsors some of the world best and renowned athletes (Micheletti, 2004).

Situation

The firm is currently the number one supplier of sports equipment, shoes, and sports apparel; it currently controls about 47% of the athletic shoes market. The firm sells its products to over 100 countries in the word and its major target markets include Europe, the Americas, United States of America, and Asia Pacific. The firm has so far been able to secure their position in the major target areas through keen marketing strategies, and production of quality products (Blackwell, 2008).

The firm currently has about 800,000 who make its products in the 700 factories based in about 52 countries. The factories are based in China, Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia. About 80 % of all the workers in the factories are women who are aged averagely 18-24 years. Labor rights have been a major concern in the firm for some time, but some reforms are being implemented, for example, no employee under 18 is allowed to work in any of the factories. The issue of employing persons less than 18 years has been given the highest priority after it emerged that some of the factories had employed children thus flouting the labor laws (Blackwell, 2008).

Nike has also allowed the labor authorities in countries where their factories are based to conduct regular inspection, to look at the working conditions, and any other labor laws that have been flouted. The labor authorities have also been given the permission to verify the ages of the employees by looking at their documents (Nike Inc, 2013).

In the past, workers who complained about the poor working conditions were fired. Those who were found to have spoken to journalists about the poor working conditions, mistreatment, or any other violation of their rights was victimized. However, the situation has since changed and the workers are at liberty to express their views on anything that they might think is not fair to them (Parkinson, 2006).

Customer

Nike has customers all over the world who cherish its products; however, there are some notable major customers. Nike’s biggest clientele cherish sports products and they are drawn from basketball, aerobic, tennis, and jogging. All the major clients buy products in all the four categories of products produced by Nike. Some of the other major customers are soccer related firms who kit and sponsor various teams across the world (Nike Inc, 2013).

Competitors

In every business venture, competition is bound to exist and sports products business in not an exception. Some of the major competitors of Nike include Reebok, with a market share of 16%, Adidas 6%, and New Balance 3%. Converse also held a market share of about 3%, but Nike bought the firm and made it an affiliate brand. Nike still controls the highest share of the market with about 47% (Nike Inc, 2013).

Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT)

Strength

Nike is a global brand that is well known for their excellent quality, their logo and slogan are familiar among millions of people across the world. Nike has a very reliable and efficient research and marketing team, thus the department is able to advise the management on any issue that can help in the improvement of the firm’s sales. The products are produced in Far East countries where the cost of production is low, therefore, more energy is spent on marketing (Nike Inc, 2013).

Weakness

The firm spends a lot of money in advertisement and loyalties. It has a lot of different sports product, but unfortunately, only one of the foot wear section is doing well compared to other sections such as sports equipment, and apparels. Such a situation can be abused by some of the major competitors, who might decide to focus on producing goods that are not doing well in term of sales at Nike (Parkinson, 2006).

Threats

Threats are always in business and cannot be fully eliminated. The most viable solution is to reduce their effects by use of any appropriate means. One of the major threats is the ever-increasing competition because some of the major competitors have been growing stronger in the recent years. The other threat is the overflow of counterfeit products. The fake products especially is the continent of Asia has led to the firm losing millions of dollars. The last threat is cost as most of the products sold by Nike have prices that are higher than the ones produced by other firms. Most of the people feel that Nike should reduce the price of their goods (Parkinson, 2006).

Opportunities

Nike should take advantage of the internet, which is the avenue for meeting more potential clients. Nike can allow their clients to order and pay for their products online then they can later pick them up at the nearest retail store or let them delivered to their doorsteps. The firm can also put up a database that can be able to get the feedback of their clients, and have them post their views on various products (Micheletti, 2004).

Conclusion

A business plan is a very vital part of any firm that is involved in business. It guides the business on various issues that affect the firm, such as marketing of products and the strategies to be followed to ensure efficient sales. The plan also gives a summary of the strengths and weaknesses of the firm. Therefore, the firm can improve on the weaknesses to ensure better sales. It also gives the firm the opportunity to improve on its strength.

Reference

HYPERLINK “http://www.bibme.org/” o “Edit this item” Blackwell, E. (2008). How to prepare a business plan (5th ed.). London: Kogan Page.

HYPERLINK “http://www.bibme.org/” o “Edit this item” Micheletti, M., Føllesdal, A., & Stolle, D. (2004). Politics, products, and markets: exploring political consumerism past and present. New York: Transaction Publishers.

HYPERLINK “../../GOERGI/Downloads/Nike Inc (n.d.). Nike Inc. Retrieved November 23, 2013, from http:/sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/32018″Nike Inc (n.d.). Nike Inc. Retrieved November 23, 2013, from http://sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/32018

HYPERLINK “http://www.bibme.org/” o “Edit this item” Parkinson, M. G., & Ekachai, D. (2006).International and intercultural public relations: a campaign case approach. New York: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon.

A comprehensive study of the reasons why Emirati families discourage their sons from working in hotel industry

Name

Institution

Course

Date

Problem statement

Emirati families discourage their sons from working in hotel industry. Moreover, the numbers of job vacancies in the region is lower as competition in the job market continues to become more intensive.

Research questions

What are the main reasons that make Emirati families to discourage their sons from working in hotel industry?

How does the community view individuals working in the hotel industry?

Does the local communities consider the hotel industry as inferior for their sons to be employed there

How is the perception of the Emirati community affected when male workers decide to seek employment in the hotel industry?

Are there any forms of repercussions which a male employee is exposed to when he is employed in the hotel industry?

Objectives

To evaluate the reasons that influence Emirati families to discourage their sons from working in hotel industry.

To determine how the communities view individuals working in the hotel industry.

To identify if the communities consider working in hotel industry as inferior for their sons.

To analyze the impact on perception of Emirati communities when male workers decide to seek jobs in the hotel industry.

To examine if there are any forms of repercussion for male employees working in the hotel industry.Literature review

Job dissatisfaction according to Locke is best defined as the behavior or attitude an individual develops towards their job. When an individual becomes satisfied in their workplace, they develop a state of pleasure, which tends to affect their cognitive abilities because of their work appraisal (Brief, 2002). When it comes to an organization and obtaining profits, employee satisfaction will make sure that maximization of work profits is the key issue. When an employee is satisfied the employee turnover becomes minimal and the profit maximization becomes higher. According to research carried out, there is a mutual relationship between the employees’ performance in a company and the satisfaction obtained in the work place (MBA, 2010). An employee turnover can have negative or positive results. This may result from either the employer or in other cases the employee. Human resource management plays a vital role in an organization because employers use this strategy to reduce the voluntary turnover or the employer firing the workers (Vangel, 2011). The work of human resource management is to train the employees, manage their overall performance, compensation strategies, and the methods best suitable for employee selection. This means the human resource team usually works very hard to make sure the company’s employment rate is on an increase while the job turnover is on the decrease (Kazi, 2011). Even though there have been studies conducted in the past, few have tried to explain the reasons as to why employee turnover is relatively proportional to the level of satisfaction in the workplace. This paper explains why employee income is affected by job turnover with regards to maximizing the profits to the company and therefore resulting in high turnover levels of job dissatisfaction.

One of the reasons as to why job satisfaction results in a higher level of turnover is the employee’s work life conflict (Kazi, 2011). Work and life conflict in itself depends wholly on an individual’s satisfaction. In an organization, individuals aspire to earn a higher living as compared to their work mates in order to boost their lives and satisfy their levels of needs (Luthans, 1992). In quite a number of organizations, it is possible to find the work colleagues talking together about how much they earn in terms of salaries. When a worker finds out their fellow workmates earn more, they tend to feel dissatisfied and in the long run, the company is the one to go down. According to research carried out, the level of income an individual earns is directly proportional to the level of satisfaction that is required for a company to succeed even when the managerial levels of the company are held constant over time (Aydogdu, 2011). In the end, low level personal satisfaction in the work place may have a negative impact on the organization’s effectiveness in carrying out its activities as well as deteriorating the lives of the employees.

Job turnover is another threat that affects an organization’s performance. This takes place as a result of the downsizing strategies organizations in the recent past are trying to do. A single organization has more than one employee with whom they rely on in order to become successful. Economizing in an organization may tend to bring about voluntary turnover by a high number of employees. These employees were devoted, motivated, and faithful and who contributed greatly towards the company’s growth (Mishra & Spreitzer, 1998). Competition and globalization in the industrial scene have created a situation whereby an organization has to reduce the expenses with an aim of achieving maximum profits. One way of achieving this is by reducing the number of employees and utilizing the human resources to its maximum potential. This being the case, quite a number of employees have a low dissatisfaction level regarding the company and their employment uncertainty. A number of the employees feel like quitting the job and declining certain organizational commitments (Brockner, Grover, Reed, DeWitt & O’Malley 1987).

The working environment acts in improving or destroying the employment turnover. There are certain basic conditions in the work place that tend to determine how the employment turnover will be for example a proper lighting system, good furniture in the office, good relationships with their colleagues, and a clean work place. The attributes and attitudes towards the working conditions of the employees are directly proportional to an organization’s success and the willingness of a person to work faithfully in the company without second doubts (Laser, 1980). Adapting to a new working environment tends to be a bit problematic for certain people and therefore their levels of satisfactions may be affected (Kazi, 2011). In case an employee’s new working conditions are not as favorable as the previous, it will affect their intent to leave their new workplace. According to research, many people will tend to jump from one company to the other as a result of their working environment because their personal satisfactions have not been achieved at all (Kazi, 2011).

In an organization, job turnover rates are directly comparable to the number of opportunities available in the organization. Lack of opportunities by an employee in the industry tends to result to low growth rates and the number (Aydogdu, 2011). Promotion is one major possibility that employees tend to perceive while working. Promotion in the work place involves the likelihood of progression from one level to the other. During the recruitment process, many employers have a tendency to give a certain impression to their employees as to suggest their advancement while working in the company and in the process; they hide the basic job requirements (Kazi, 2011). When this does not happen, the employee tends to have dissatisfaction towards their work because of the negative perception about the management towards their economic advancements and other subsidiary benefits (Kazi, 2011). Research has it that the human psychological nature has a tendency to relate to the company in terms of appreciating and appraising the quality of work they do (Feldmann and Arnold, 1985).

Due to high levels of dissatisfaction with an organization and the quality of work rendered by the employee, there are certain consequences that result in the process with regards to the organization and the employee. One such consequence is the level of work performance (Aydogdu, 2011). This can be determined by how an individual performs their duties at work, their consistencies in terms of work attendance, and how they behave towards their organization’s management. According to research carried out, there is a great diversity emanating from the situation concerning an employer and employee in terms of performance. A number of employers interviewed claim that the production of an organization depends on the level of satisfaction extended towards the employees (Aydogdu, 2011). The other end result arising from an employee’s dissatisfaction is the fact that the rate of turnover increases. The employees tend to look for better working conditions and other organizations that pay quite a handful of money for the quality of services they render (Aydogdu, 2011). This in turn leads to a high percentage of employee non-attendance. Studies show that there is a negative relation between commitment towards an organization and the rate of absenteeism (Aydogdu, 2011). The number of employees who become absent in an organization comes as a result of their commitment to their organizational duties.

Research Methodology

The research methodology is the most important part of the research as it highlights how the data used in the research was collected and analyzed. There are a myriad data sampling techniques, but the most optimal; method of collecting data is the open method that offers a comprehensive system of collecting data with minimal limitations and drawbacks. This method should be comprehensive to enable generalizability for the whole population. However, there are a number of factors that are put into consideration when collecting data, noteworthy amongst them are soundness and consistency of the results that would be realized after the research.Reliability in the research depends on the technique used for sampling the data, while the validity of the research depends on the layout of the questionnaire. The researcher employed multifarious deduction throughout the research. Research process is contemplated to ensure that an insightful idea is created to enable the researcher reach a probable conclusion. Search Philosophy these are assumptions that underpin the research strategy and data collection strategy. This research is mainly concerned with a subjective knowledge and interpretation of the phenomena, is a social word basing on the general assumption that coherences in the social world are complex.On the other hand, the research philosophy in use is the positivism that argues that the research results can be generalised to cover the entire human population, with respect to the general characteristics of the population under considerations. Research Approach This research followed the deductive approaches of research as it tries to analyze the empirical data out of which the hypothesis was formed , it is therefore important to note the research approach in consideration should verify the causal relationship that are in the existing theories. “

Quantitative and qualitative Approach

In research there are two major approaches that can be flowed to realize the aims of the research; these are qualitative and quantitative approaches. However, the qualitative approach is the most effective method in the scientific researches. However, this being a social research, the researcher made use if the qualitative research, in which the data sampled from the chosen population is categorized and analyzed based on the subjective understanding of the researcher. It is important to note that due to the coherent weaknesses of the quantitative research, the researcher had to use quantitative research by analyzing the statistical data related to the research to help him realize the research objectives. It is also noteworthy that quantitative research depend on the establishment of the relationships between variables.

Research Strategy

The researched strategy of choice for this study was the deductive strategy as was easy to answer the research question with the aim of meeting the research objectives. In this approach, the formulated aims of the research were answered by effective tests of the collected data. The researcher observed general theories and collected data. In this dissertation the deductive approach was chosen. General theories were observed out of which aims were formulated, a questionnaire to collect the data was set up, and this was essentially to test those against existing literature, to be able to either confirm or reject the original theories in the end.

Sampling

Data collection is a very important part of the any research, however, it is challenging to collect data from the whole population due the natural problems associated with collection of data from a wide population, it is important to select a small portion from the whole population that would be a representation of the whole population; this is called sampling. This research implemented the random sampling method to derive the response for the research questions

Data Collection”

Data was collected by use of Likert type structured questionnaire, these questionnaires were self administered by the researcher. However, secondary study was conducted on the literature available such as academic journals, social research reports, industry magazines as well as course material available from the university library. Additionally, the internet was used to derive the most recent information on the topic. These data was used to test the hypothesis.

It is important to note that one of the limitations of this research was time and access restriction. Therefore random sampling was done to get the population for research and restrict the confine of the data collection to this particular group, under the assumption that it would be generalized to represent the entire population. Data collection methods Interviews were used as the research design for this study in place where quantitative a combination of primary and secondary data will help realize the objectives of this research.

Reference

Aydogdu, S. (2011). An Empirical Study of the Relationship Among Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention. Retrieved December 11, 2012, from HYPERLINK “http://www.econjournals.com/index.php/irmm/article/download/30/24″www.econjournals.com/index.php/irmm/article/download/30/24

Brief, A. P. (2002). Organizational behavior: affect in the workplace. Retrieved December 11, 2012, from HYPERLINK “http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/…/annurev.psych.53.100901.13515″www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/…/annurev.psych.53.100901.13515…

Brockner, J., Grover, S. L., Reed, T. F., DeWitt, R. L., & O’Malley, M. N. 1987. Survivors’ reactions to layoffs: We get by with a little help for our friends. Administrative Science Quarterly, 32: 526-541.

Dessler, G. (2000). Human Resource Management. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Feldman, D. C. and Arnold, H. J. (1985). Managing Individual and Group Behavior in Organizations. New York: Mc Graw Hill Publishers.

Kazi, G. M. (2011). The Contribution of Individual Variables: Job Satisfaction and Job Turnover. Retrieved December 11, 2012, from HYPERLINK “http://www.journal-zarchieves8.webs.com/984-991.pdf”www.journal-zarchieves8.webs.com/984-991.pdf

Laser, S. A. (1980). Dealing With The Problem Of Employee Turnover. Retrieved December 11, 2012, from HYPERLINK “http://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hrm.3930190404/pdf”www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hrm.3930190404/pdf

Luthans, F. (1992). Organizational Behavior. New York: Mc Graw Hill Publishers.

MBA. (2010). What are benefits of Job Satisfaction? Retrieved December 11, 2012, from HYPERLINK “http://www.mbaofficial.com/mba-courses/human-resource-management/what-are-benefits-of-job-satisfaction/”http://www.mbaofficial.com/mba-courses/human-resource-management/what-are-benefits-of-job-satisfaction/

Milkovich, G. T., & Newman, J. M. (2005). Compensation. Boston: McGraw Hill Publishers

Mishra, A. K. & Spreitzer, G. M. 1998. Explaining how survivors respond to downsizing: The role of trust, empowerment, justice, and work redesign. Academy of management Review, 23 (3): 568-588.

Vangel, K. (2011). Employee Responses to Job Dissatisfaction. Retrieved December 11, 2012, from HYPERLINK “http://www.google.co.ke/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&ved=0CDYQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uri.edu%2Fresearch%2Flrc%2Fresearch%2Fpapers%2FVangel-Commitment.pdf&ei=-tvHUKR_gsLRBdOEgEg&usg=AFQjCNFQ-FrN8rR-qXzuGipRjKggi-jFvg”http://www.google.co.ke/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&ved=0CDYQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uri.edu%2Fresearch%2Flrc%2Fresearch%2Fpapers%2FVangel-Commitment.pdf&ei=-tvHUKR_gsLRBdOEgEg&usg=AFQjCNFQ-FrN8rR-qXzuGipRjKggi-jFvg

Policing Culture

Sabrina Lora

CJE2000

Professor Yawn

July 21, 2019

Policing

The public views policing in an entirely different light as police officers do. Policing is a more complex issue than just checking records, responding to crime calls, questioning suspects, or interrogating eyewitnesses (Anderson & Giles, 2005). It is a job filled with challenges that are worsened by the interference of race, gender, and ethnicity differences. The article by the PEW Research Centre provides relevant insights on the views of the white, black, and Hispanic officers, which I believe are relevant to policing today and will benefit police officers.

It is interesting to discover the reasons why police officers today find their work a bit harder than in the yesterdays. Although the findings of the relationship between officers and citizens contrast, I find some of the conclusions a bit more critical. For example, 86% of police officers today find their work harder because of deadly encounters between them and the blacks and that 72% of officers are less willing to stop and question suspicious citizens (Morin, Parker, Stepler, Mercer & 2017). Such findings can allow researchers to formulate ways of identifying why these violence cases apply primarily to the black community and the measures that can be undertaken to reduce the hostility of the blacks towards police officers. It is essential that the research points out that this hostility has affected 93% of officers who are more afraid for their safety (Morin et.al, 2017). The contrasts provided in this article causes a reader to have more questions on the kind of relationship between officers and citizens from different races. While police face numerous cases of hostility from the black community, the views of black officers on various natters contrast sharply to those of white officers. For example, more black officers have a strong conviction that protests characterized by fatal altercations between police officers and black citizens have been motivated by the need to hold officers accountable while only a smaller percentage of their white counterparts agree (Morin et.al, 2017). I find these findings the most important because they raise questions on deeper issues fueled by differences of race.

This report by PEW Research Centre in a big way connects to the course. From the findings, the report gives a similar view of policing. The report, however, does not provide information on the factors that make it difficult for police officers to follow guidelines as they discharge their duties. It instead focuses on the fact that police officers have become reluctant in confronting a suspicious situation as a result of the increase in the confrontations between them and the blacks and subsequently increased black deaths.

The fact that the police and the blacks hold different opinions on the deaths of blacks at the hands of police officers show a profound disconnection of the understanding of issues between the two sides. I believe that the police officers need to give some thought to the concerns raised by the citizens. I agree with the assumption that the findings point to deeper issues between black citizens and the police. The contrast of the views of the public and the police on the ban of assault-type weapons show that policymakers need to harmonize the perspectives of both parties to come up with an alternative because it would be difficult for police officers to use something that the citizens disagree with. It is probably such issues that result in the violence between the citizens and the police officers. It is, however, interesting to learn that on marijuana laws, the citizens and police officers agree. This fact should provide a significant lead in how to bring about cooperation between the police and citizens. I, therefore, believe that the best way to bridge the gap is by considering what both parties believe in and coming up with a neutral solution that both would agree with, just like the use of cameras to record interactions with citizens rather than the use of assault-style weapons. The body-worn cameras and videoing is one strategy that was taken up by the national government to build more trust, transparency, and safety of the police officer and citizens. But as this may not be sufficient to deal with every incident between the police and public, more alike should be made. Police should use other less physical approaches towards the citizens because violence tends to arise where there is a physical confrontation. Also, there should be a clear elaboration of what works such that police officers can know the most appropriate actions to undertake in any given situation. Overall, more research on all areas of policing need to be conducted to bridge this gap further.

There is indeed a room for improvement in the relationship between the police and the public like how police officers confront suspicious individuals or those found on the wrong side of the law. As the study reveals, 49% of officers say that their job makes them feel angry, and this is majorly contributed by feeling less connected to the citizens they serve (Morin et.al, 2017). Also, there is a need to harmonize the relationship between black and white officers. The black officers hold contrasting views to those of white officers despite the fact they serve the same role. This lack of unity gives room for disrespect towards officers of different races. The violent confrontations between the blacks and the officers show that there is a need to focus more on building a positive relationship between the black community and the police officers. Also, there is a need for improvement in the policies. Different police units have got to come up with ways of restoring the confidence of the black community in the neutrality of police officers because most violence against the police is a result of the perceived bias against the blacks.

The findings that white officers are more likely to have a physical altercation with a suspect than a black officer, shock me. I always assumed that suspects whether white or black feared police officers equally regardless of their race. And as a result, suspects who would try to get physical did so without thinking about the run of the officer. I, therefore, fail to understand why suspects are more likely to engage in a physical altercation with the white police officers. This finding shows a worrying trend that points to deeper race issues that a lot of people just like me, fail to understand. Also, I tend to usually believe that the use-of-force guidelines are not as helpful because it would be difficult to follow directions in a situation that needs immediate action and that most officers do not follow them. These guidelines are only useful in situations that do not need the officer to make instant decisions.

It is understandable when white officers feel that the public does not comprehend the risks that come with their job. This can be explained by the fact they are more likely to face physical confrontation from black suspects than the black officers are. It is, therefore, true if it is concluded that white police officers are exposed to more risks of physical confrontation than the black officers are. For this reason, it is justified for a white police officer to say that they feel angrier or frustrated about their job. Anyone would be frustrated if they faced such challenges. It is also understandable when black officers feel safer because they experience less of the attacks. It can be concluded that a black police officer is likely to feel more satisfied with their job then a white officer and relevant measures should be undertaken to ensure that white officer feels safer in their work environment just as much as black officers. The fact that male and female officers report the same emotions show that race is the major issue. However, I believe that male officers are more confrontational than female officers, which is why they are more likely to get attacked, unlike female officers. The findings on race, gender, and ethnic differences in police culture only point out the complex nature of policing that the three factors play a significant role in the experiences that police officers face.

In conclusion, I firmly believe that all police officers will find this article from the PEW Research Centre extremely useful. Policing is primarily affected by the gender, race, and ethnicity of both the police officer and citizens who they serve. This article helps let a police officer know how to act in certain situations. Also, those involved in formulating policies for the police officers can better understand how to deal with the challenges that the police officers face in their daily endeavors. A police officer from a white race can collaborate better with a black officer because they are at less risk of experiencing a physical altercation. I believe that an officer is more likely to stay prepared and handle suspects from different races accordingly because they know what to expect. The PEW Research article is therefore relevant for the police officer of today as it provides numerous useful insights on their challenges, and the likely behavior of suspects so that they can better deal with situations.

References

Anderson, M. C., & Giles, H. (2005). Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing: The Evidence. Journal of Communication, 55(4), 872-874. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2005.tb03028.x

Morin, R., Parker, K., Stepler, R., & Mercer, A. (2017). Behind the badge. Pew Research, 11.

Name:

Course:

Institution:

Date: 30/03/2019

Natural imagery

The purpose of imagery in literature is to appeal to the human logic to deepen the reader’s understanding of a story (Vandaele). Imagery is the use of vivid and descriptive language in a piece of literal work to add intensity to the story the author intends to share with the readers. Imagery includes all the five senses in expressing the feelings, reactions, and actions to a phenomenon. The senses are a basis of the types of imagery which include visual imagery, tactile imagery, gustatory imagery, auditory imagery, and olfactory imagery. Other forms are subjective imagery which corresponds to personal experiences such as feeling hungry and kinesthetic imagery which corresponds to movements. Visual imagery relates to the graphics, photographs, or the sense of light, tactile imagery relates to the sense of touch, gustatory imagery relates to the sense of taste, auditory imagery relates to the sense of hearing such as onomatopoeia, and olfactory imagery relates to the sense of smell.

Natural imagery uses figurative language as well in stories. For instance, in a story, one may use light which is from nature to denote knowledge. Natural imagery helps in setting the tone and the mood of the story. An example of the use of natural of natural imagery in novels is when the author uses the bright and sunny day as the first line of the story to represent a good story. Such openings assure the reader that the novel is a good novel since the starting is a positive one. The opening lines are responsible for setting the entire mood of the novel stereotypically even though the setting may involve some dark tones to conflict the bright mood but also help the reader learn to appreciate the good times. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the use of natural imagery in “The Worn Path” and what the natural images represent in the story particularly pertaining who Phoenix is and what she may symbolize, and how nature plays a role in determining the final significance of the story.

In the story “The Worn Path,” the name of the main character Phoenix is natural imagery of the phoenix bird that is believed to be able to rise from its ashes in myths. The name denotes that indeed Phoenix is a strong woman who is capable of getting back up even if she faces difficulties as worse as getting burnt and being reduced to ashes. In the story, she is depicted as an elderly African-American woman walking to town to get her grandson’s medicine. Welty uses her as an elderly character that walks through the thick, dangerous forest all alone despite her almost complete blindness that required her to use a cane to walk. The difficulties are symbolized by the danger of the forest and her conditions that is being old, little and blind but despite that she has to walk through to town to get her grandson the medicine he needs.

The worn path symbolizes her journey which is filled with love, faith, and sadness all wound up in the background of death. She has to walk through a tough path which is snowy and frozen to get to her grandson’s medicine (Welty 1274). Buzzards are present to symbolize death, destruction, and decay which all connotes death but with a hint of rebirth. Death is wound around the journey that little yet old Phoenix is embarked on through a dangerous forest all by herself despite her condition of blindness. The title itself sets out the mood of the story. Worn path evokes feelings of difficulty, fear, and death in the story even before one reads the story itself. Welty bases the story on a vulnerable blind, an old woman traveling all alone in a dangerous forest.

In the third paragraph of “The Worn Path,” Phoenix is seen using her cane to part her way through the fields just like Moses from the bible used his cane to part the waters of the red sea to deliver the children of Israel from Egypt. She also commands the woodland creatures are taking into practice the way power that God gave to human beings in Genesis over the animals and all creatures on earth. Welty uses the Bible to depict the nature of how the earth is supposed to be run. Humans are in charge just the way Phoenix in the story was in charge of the woodland creatures. The connection in the story to the Bible makes the story relevant since most people believe that the bible is the foundation of human life.

The story also has a lot of trees such as oak trees, cypress trees, sweet gum trees, pine trees, and trees with mistletoes and mosses. Welty even describes Phoenix’s wrinkles as looking like trees (Welty 2). Trees symbolize life and endurance. The story features a range of trees from the evergreens that live forever to deciduous trees and the temporary once that die fast as symbolized by the leaves falling off. The journey was filled with life, hope, and death. The evergreen trees represent life while deciduous one represents hope for life and the temporary trees represent death. Welty was attempting to put across the connection between life and death and how life revolves around such a cycle. Phoenix also goes through the cycle and in the story she is like the deciduous trees that seem dead, but they still have a life.

Welty also represents the lack of basic needs such as food, water, and medicine in the story. Basic needs are derived from the natural resources which Phoenix seems to lack in the story. Phoenix and her grandson lack a range of things including medical needs, transportation, and other resources such as finances. Welty uses their state of devastation in her story which is what forces the old lady to travel through the ‘worn path’ for her grandson’s sake. They represent those starving due to neglect during though times such as famine and drought.

Phoenix also is depicted as persistent and is symbolized as a windmill. The windmill does its rounds over and over again and never stops as long as the wind blows on. Same way, Phoenix’s determination to get medicine for her grandson is depicted by the wind which keeps her journey, the windmill, going. She says she will march up back to him and hand the medicine he needs to him (Welty 99). She goes to town then returns and embarks on a journey back to town again which depicts her as a strong person despite her looks and condition (Welty 44). She just does not give up like a weakling.

In the overall story, nature makes the entire journey look like the entire life of a person. In life, there are hard time and easy times, time for everything and bosssth familiar and new experiences. There are beauty and ugliness in life just the way Welty puts it in the story. Phoenix walks through the dangerous forest all alone, but her journey was filled with love and hope. She did not care about her condition, and she was focused on traveling across the forest just to get her grandson medicine from town. She encountered difficulties such as the white hunter who pointed a gun at her and called her a granny but her determination made her fearless. The determination is the nature of life. In life, one is supposed to be hopeful no matter what hits them along the way.

Works Cited BIBLIOGRAPHY

Vandaele, Jeroen. “On Comic Mental Imagery in Literature: The Case of Manolito Gafotas.” Neophilologus (2015): 351-370.

Welty, Eudora. A Worn Path. Atlantic Monthly, 1941.

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Concert Report

A concert can be defined as a live music performance before an audience. Sometimes it can be by one musician, who is known as a recital or a musical assemble like an orchestra or a musical band. A concert can be held in different sizes of settings. For instance, private houses, concert halls, entertainment centres, among others. One of the main instruments that must be in place for a concert to take place is a professional audio machine or public address system. This paper focuses on personal experience in a concert. In particular, it aims to encourage analytical thinking on music. In addition, the paper presents a personal experience of music.

The concert I attended was the first of its kind in my life, it involved a number of top gospel artists known worldwide. The guest performer of the night was Chris Tomlin, a well-known musician He was accompanied by a long list of other performers, who performed on the same stage that night. The names of the performers were Don Moen, Kirk Franklin, Shirley Caesar, Marvin Winans, and Marvin Sapp. In addition, there were few choirs, which included The Florida Boys, The Rambos, and The Laura Lee Soul music, among other performers.

Gospel music represented the music that was performed throughout the whole night. Given the fact that the event was a religious event, and the performers that were invited were all gospel performers, the music presented was gospel too. The audience was mainly Christian since the whole event was church-oriented in the way it was organized. However, at some intervals the performers sang pieces of music that were not gospel per se, but songs that the performers felt were good for Christians to enjoy.

The concert was located at the entertainment centre called the Bass Concert Hall in Texas. The event was organized by the administration of different churches. The concert started as early as 20:30 in the evening through the night up to 6:30 the next day. The event was a concert with over ten international gospel musician, but the guest performer being Chris Tomlin.

The concert was attended in huge numbers since it was on a holiday, which means people were not busy. The ambience of the venue was lively and appealed to both the performers and the audiences. Unlike other concerts where there is diversity of audience and the performers, in this case most people were Christians and it is the reason why they enjoyed the event more. The other point is that the Bass Concert Hall is a part of a big building, which means it is an indoor venue. This gave the people inside the hall a sense of security and comfort. However, Bass Concert Hall is an entertainment hall that is available for hire to different organizations. As a result, the building hosts different activities because the hall only occupies one floor of the building. However, this does not have much effect on the performance because of the unique design of the building. The performance took place during the time that is passed working hours. Another point is that the period in which the performance was organized was a public holiday, which means there concert was unlikely to be affected by the day’s activities.

The concert had various purposes. One of the main purposes was to celebrate Easter holidays together as Christians. The concert was organized specifically targeting the Easter holiday. This was after noticing that during such periods Christians often moves to different places, seeking for pleasure and amusement, but this time the organizers wanted these Christians to meet in one place and share the pleasure. The purpose was to reach out to the community and worship. The intention was to welcome not only Christians, but also people who professed different faiths. The people went to the concert in different capacities. For instance, the audience went to enjoy Easter holidays, others went to worship their God, and others went because they were invited, especially the non-Christians.

Many performers graced the concert; eight were invited from outside the church, while the other four performers were from within the organizing church bringing them to twelve performers. The organizers tasked an invited group with playing instruments, which in my opinion, were exemplary because they played instruments for every musician who performed.

In terms of performance, all musicians were to the level of our expectation. On the other hand, I feel the audience was not paying much attention to the quality of the singing because the concert’s secondary objective was worshiping. In addition, the performers were more concerned with the message in the performance than the quality. In terms of interaction, the organizers also invited dance groups that performed alongside musicians. The concert had different performers, including choirs, solo singers, and acapella singers. I was impressed by the arrangement of the acapella singers. On the other hand, most solo singers had excellent vocals while the choirs gave spirited performances, although sometimes there was disharmony in their melodies.

I made a few observations from the audience in response to the performance. Given the fact that the audience was made up of Christians, and the concert was a gospel concert, the audience was mostly focused on the message in the presentation not the quality. The audience seemed to enjoy most presentations in terms of dancing, shouting, clapping, and jumping. The audience applauded at least all the performers.

In conclusion, my observation is that the concert was typically Christian-oriented and, most, if not all, concertgoers professed the Christian faith. The economic status of the people who attended to the congregation cannot easily be assessed since everybody paid for the show and those that did not afford were sponsored by the church. All age groups were represented in the concert, apart from the elderly.

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A Concert Report on jazz group

Introduction

The reply all jazz group is one sensational group which performed jazz and blues music to the people. The sensational group was led by their leader Josh Weinstein who acted as their vocalist and keyboard specialist. This group is one which was very successful as all its releases have become hits. Their songs still remembered by many are very sensational. This group has had a couple of shows which it has made. Mainly based in America, this group has a lot of praises from its listeners who claim that their performance was sensational. This group is said to perform blues, jazz and also the modern rock. Their leader Josh is also rumored to be a philosopher and also a poet with exemplary skills. Josh is also one of the best script or songwriters that US has produced. Born in a family that had its members as songwriters and performers, Josh has acquired this sensational songwriting and performance from his relatives.

This group is rumored to have an unprecedented performance as the members including the drummer uses objects from anywhere. This brings some unexpected creativity. This bad is one which was very fantastic. This means that the bad were very sensational in all its performance. This was stimulated by the fact that their leader Josh was one talented songwriter who was also educated and who knew what made them shine. This band was very artistic in all its songs and performance. This made the band very classy and also different since it performed different genres of music. This band had a number of instruments which it played. These instruments are said to bring sensational goodness as they were played by the members of this band. This band had instruments like piano, guitar, ukulele, drums, euphonium, trombone, harmonica, string and trumpet ( HYPERLINK “http://www.sonicbids.com/2/EPK/?epk_id=10720” http://www.sonicbids.com/2/EPK/?epk_id=10720).

This band is said to relate well with the audience during its performance. This means that it performed explicitly such that the audience would go nuts. The way this band acted in terms of its performance made it associate and made the audience behaves in a different way. This means that the group made the people behaves in different way. This is also stimulated by the fact that they sang music which would talk about issues facing them thus would incorporate their sensational artistic nature to music and make it the best music. The audience was the middle age who mainly was between the ages of 20 to 30 years. This means that mainly the youth liked their music since it was sensational and very uplifting. Mainly some of its songs were said to be played and performed in bars since they went and blended in better with the conditions and atmosphere of this place. The people who would arrive at their concerts were mainly clothed in clothing that signified that they were rock lovers. This was based on the fact that this group mixed its genres well and thus would incorporate rock in its collection ( HYPERLINK “http://www.wherevent.com/detail/The-Loft-UCSD-Josh-Weinstein-with-Trio-Gadjo-Art-Reception-Moleskins-Rattlesnake-Scales” http://www.wherevent.com/detail/The-Loft-UCSD-Josh-Weinstein-with-Trio-Gadjo-Art-Reception-Moleskins-Rattlesnake-Scales).

The Beatles is a sensational rock band that basically resides from the UK. This is one of the bands that have rocked the airwaves with its sensational music. This group was mainly from Liverpool. These groups just like the josh group, integrated different genres of music which would make the audience blow. These groups just like the Josh group also performed in clubs. The fact that the team blends its music using different genres is a classic way which moves the crowd. The performance of the Beatles was one which was chromed due to their sensational music. This was the case with Josh Weinstein group during its performance. This indicated that their blend of genres and informative music was what enticed the crowd. Since the Beatles had a sensational music writer just like the Josh Weinstein group, they had lyrics that moved the crowd (Clapton, Eric 78).

Conclusion

Josh Weinstein remains to be one of the acclaimed songwriters who also were a poet and a philosopher. The artistic nature that he brought to music was composed of the problems that the people faced each day. This group was one of the sensational groups that also blended in many genres and also blended in many feelings. This aspect made the audience go crazy. This group also incorporated the best use of their instruments played by professional.

References

HYPERLINK “http://www.sonicbids.com/2/EPK/?epk_id=10720” http://www.sonicbids.com/2/EPK/?epk_id=10720

Clapton, Eric. The Beatles. Hollywood, Calif: Capitol, 2009. Sound recording.

HYPERLINK “http://www.wherevent.com/detail/The-Loft-UCSD-Josh-Weinstein-with-Trio-Gadjo-Art-Reception-Moleskins-Rattlesnake-Scales” http://www.wherevent.com/detail/The-Loft-UCSD-Josh-Weinstein-with-Trio-Gadjo-Art-Reception-Moleskins-Rattlesnake-Scales

STUDENT NAME: KANOU ZERBO

DATE: April 18th, 2022

CLASS N’EAP1585-WRT

The purpose of parenting classes

The purpose of parenting classes is to define the good care of their kids. Each human beings want a child at a certain age of their lives. However not every couples take parenting classes as a priority. There are many points of views regarding that. Firstly, it can be subjective and secondly it can express expenses that parents won’t be able to afford, and thirdly some parents donate good educations to their kids without parental classes.

As mentioned above, parental classes are sometimes subjective. Parents comes sometimes from different background, different cultures, and different societies. Education in foreign countries can be harder, however in developed countries the intel can be different. As an example, a parent from Africa will have a different way to educate their kids due to where they come from. So, it will be hard to dedicate a full credibility of those classes.

Second, we are living in societies where more than 50% of population are living in poverty. Some of them have even hard time to combine works and different qualification needs. They just focus on the necessities. Telling those parents to get access to parental classes will cost them time and money, in fact it will generate another problem significant in kids care as money and times is also important for education.

Thirdly, it is true to realized that we all once were babies at some point of our lives. Our parents and grand grand parents never had experienced parental classes before. However, they have been able to rise many kids at once, and create magnificent cultures and traditions for the benefit of humanity. Most of the times our civilization learned from elders’ generations, and families’ trees.

In conclusion, the purpose of parenting classes shows us his limitations. But we believe that in the new generation of society, it can be a complimentary to support our parents in their way to educate their kids. So, it gives an opportunity to some parents to get access to those classes.

Discussion

The purpose of the current study was to test the effects of framing and hindsight bias on decision-making. It was predicted that positively framed situations would lead to risk averse choices, while negatively framed situations would lead to risk-seeking choices. Additionally, it was also predicted that when given information about the outcome, participants would demonstrate the hindsight bias and this bias would impact decision-making as well.

A Concise History of the American People

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Difference in the US’s political and social system after the Civil War:

There has been a great change in the United States of America’s political system after the end of the American Civil War. These differences occur in different parts of the US political system. Presently, the core of the United States of America’s constitutional principle gives a stipulation whereby every branch of the US government that is separate has power that is limiting to the other. For this reason, it is clearly stated that no one separate governmental branch in US can become supreme. This contrasts with the political system that was in the US before the end of the Civil War. Before, the Civil war, the presidency system was “the imperial presidency”. This is a system where by the president had manifested power to allocate money set for another purpose to his favoured or desired purpose due to his power.

Another political part where there has been a great change is financing of the political campaign part. Before the end of the Civil War, the political allies or candidates had to finance their campaigns themselves. After the end of the Civil War, the political campaigns have been majorly been financed by strong private sectors. These private businesses always support the political leader with the political ambitions that best suits their requirement. They do this to make sure that the political ambitions they desire are manifested into the United State’s governance.

Apart from political changes, the United States has also undergone a great change in its social system. Before the end of the Civil War, there were tribal, racial and communal inequalities. This is whereby people were differentiated one another by their racial, communal and tribal type and thus there were high cases of human discrimination. This discrimination was based on tribal, communal and racial difference. After the Civil War, the United States government set a scheme that contemplated the abolition of those inequalities. This eventually rendered all people equal and as a result of the good relationship that developed between, they stated to share the available opportunities and traded together.

Impact of transport and communication system on the US Industrial sector in 19th century:

Transport and communication has had a great positive impact on industrial revolution and industrial development as well. Without transport and communication system, it would have been hard for the transportation of goods, people and machines from place to place to facilitate industrial revolution. Communication system such as fax facilitated communication within companies and business organization thus enhancing the process of industrial revolution. Transport system which enhances the process of moving of goods, services and labour made it easier for the companies to practice specialization and economic growth. Presently transport and communication has made industrial development easier. This is whereby transport system has facilitates a faster, easier and cheaper transportation of raw material from extraction regions to companies. This has enhanced the production process since it all depends on a regular and continuous supply of raw material to the companies.

In addition to that, transport has also made it easy for the transportation of finished goods and ready services to the storage and market centre. This has helped in giving room for the production of other products thus enhancing a regular supply of good to the market. Lastly, transport has facilitated the movement of workers from their residential places to their working places in companies. This importance of transport has played a key role in industrial development. In addition to transport, communication has also played a key role in supporting industrial development. This is because industrial operation requires communication at different level and stages. Communication system such as fax made it easier for workers to communicate without moving thus saving time.

The positive impact of transport and communication to industrial development and revolution has never changed. This is because in 19th century, transport system was used to transport raw material from extraction sights to industries. It was also used to transport finished goods from companies to the market. At the same time, transport was used to transport slaves that served as labour forces to industries. This is what transport still does in industrial sector to facilitate development. Communication systems as well were used before the end of the Civil War to enhance communication among workers. Therefore, the impact of transport and communication to industrial sector still remains the same.

3. Two types of conflicts that the US force was involved in aiming at the creation of peace:

The United States of America’s forces have been involved in different types of conflicts. The main two types of conflicts are; Inter-State conflicts and International Conflicts. The Inter-States conflicts are the conflicts between nations that the US force got involved in. This has been always a way of attempting to keep peace and protect innocent people from malicious people. A best example of an Inter-States war that the US force was involved in trying to keep peace was the “Cold War” in Lebanon. This war took place in 1982 to 1990. This war resulted from the Invasion of Grenada by the United States of America and the toppling of US’s Marxist government. This ended up stirring the regional conflict in US and Lebanon regions. In this type of conflict, the US force intervened with an intention of stopping the Cold War and keeping peace.

On the other hand, International conflicts refer to conflicts between different continents or superpowers. It can also be between a superpower and low states in attempt to keep peace. An example of an international conflict in which the US force was forced to intervene was the conflict between Afghanistan and US. This was a war caused by decisional difference whereby the United States of American government wanted Osama Bin Laden while Afghanistan government was against it. Therefore, this stirred up the states conflict and it was international because Osama Bin Laden had been a threat to the people’s lives. Therefore, the US force had to intervene with an intention of creating peace and ensuring everything was fine. Therefore, the United States of America’s force was involved in different types of conflicts with a good intention of keeping peace. This is a good example that forces of other states of the world should adapt for the better being in future.

References:

Alan, Brinkley (2009). The Unfinished Nation: A Concise History of the American People, Volume 1 [6] New York, VitalSource Bookshelf.

Brinkley, A & Cram101 Textbook Reviews, (2007) Outlines & Highlights for the Unfinished Nation: Volume 1 to 1877 by Brinkley, ISBN: 0072935243, Washington DC, Academic Internet Publishers Incorporated, 2007

Brinkley, A (2005) The unfinished nation: a brief, interactive history of the American people, Volume 1, The Unfinished Nation: A Brief, Interactive History of the American People, New York, McGraw-Hill.

Brinkley, A & Cram101 Textbook Reviews, (2007) Outlines & Highlights for the Unfinished Nation: Volume 2 from 1865 by Brinkley, ISBN: 0072935251, Cram101 textbook outlines, California, Academic Internet Publishers, 2007

Brinkley, A (2009) The Unfinished Nation: A Concise History of the American People, Edition6, New York, McGraw-Hill.

A Conflicting Conversation between Robert and Eric

I recently heard this conversation between two individuals. The dialogue depicts scenes in a play. Robert and Erick are in a car garage, they have both taken their cars for servicing. While the cars are being serviced, Roberts happens to be very much interested in cars while Eric is not. ( Robert and Eric sit quietly under the shade, Robert then brakes the long silence)

Robert: Eric my friend, Whose vehicle do you think runs faster, mine or yours?

Erick: I cannot tell, we have never gone for any speed test.

Robert: Well, okay, what is the maker of your car?

Eric: My car is a 1988 Honda Accord.

Robert: That car is a very big; it is just a piece of shit!

Eric: That is the only type I could afford.

Robert: (laughing out loudly) so u agree that it is a piece of shit.

Eric: Well, even if it is a piece of shit, it works so I have no problem with it.

Robert: What do you mean works? How can you say that a piece of shit works? That is hilarious!!!

Eric: I don’t even understand what u means.

[Long pause.]

Robert: Do you know the

Eric: Do you know the type of car I drive?

Robert: (Smiling mockingly) A baby Ford, the old and outdated 1999 Ford Mustang

Eric: But it is still a good car yah? Or what do you think?

Robert: You are absolutely right; t is a very good car.

Eric: I see.

Robert: Does your car run fast?

Eric: Fine, it goes fast but I also make it go. It goes around forty miles per hour,

Robert: (Laughing out loudly) Fuck your car!!! Mine goes 140 miles per hour. My baby vehicle goes for 140! 140! It runs faster.

Eric: You are right, your baby car is the fastest, I agree with you.

[Long pause.]

Robert: Am planning of getting some nitrous

Eric: What did you just say? Some what?

Robert: If I want it to. That will make my car go even faster. Let us say like forty miles per hour.

Eric: Do you go to many places when you drive at 180 miles per hour?

[Long pause.]

Robert: Who amongst us is the tallest? You or me?

Eric: I can’t tell

Robert: Well, I bet am the tallest.

Eric: You’re probably right.

Robert: Do you know how tall I am?

Eric: [Sighing] I am not sure, five eleven or five ten?

Robert: I am six one, baby is six one

Eric: I see

Robert: How about you, how tall are you?

Eric: I think am five nine or so

Robert: That is the same thing I was thinking.

Eric: Do you want to tell me that you thought I was five nine?

Robert: I don’t know but what I am sure of is that I am taller than you by three inches

Eric: Okay, I see

Robert: What do you see? That’s the truth

Eric: We cannot tell who is taller unless we try finding out

Robert: Come and stand next to me so that we can know who shoulder is is highest

Eric: You amuse me, how will that help?

Robert: I just want us to know the truth

Eric: Fine, let us try (moving towards Robert)

Robert: Come closer, our shoulder must be in the same level so that we get the results easily

Eric: Ok, there we go

(Silence)

Eric: You see? Am the tallest

Robert: I agree with you, you are the tallest. So, what are you up to this evening? Where are you going to after this?

Eric: I have no plans; I just want to go home right now

Robert: Okay, I am also going home after this. I t was very nice being with you, I enjoyed your company.

Eric: I too enjoyed your company. Bye, it is time, I should now go.

(Hugging each other)

Robert: Bye

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