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A Boy Discovers that a Visitor from Outer Space is living in his House

Coming home from summer camp, Kyle found a strange-looking lady seated in the living room with a cup in her hand seeping some tea. With a surprised look in his face and still staring in her direction, the lady was quick to introduce herself. “I am the new nanny and I have been waiting for you to arrive” the lady said in a hoarse voice. Kyle knew he was old enough to take care of himself, but bringing a nanny was his mother’s decision and he know too well that her decisions were incontrovertible. He remembered what happened to him the last time he tried to abrogate her decision. He had to be punished for three weeks by being denied all special privileges including watching television and using the computer except for educational purposes.

Kyle greeted the nanny and went straight to him room to rest after the long journey. The nanny followed him there to see if there is anything he needed and may be getting to know Kyle better. This lady looked strange in every kind of way and Kyle wondered why his mother hired her in the first place. The nanny explained that she would be responsible of taking care of him ensuring that all his needs are met when his mother is away.

One week passed and Kyle was getting along well with the nanny. There was one thing though; Kyle felt like he was subjugate in the nanny’s presence. She had the power to make one do whatever she wanted. It was a scaring thing, but at the same time confusing. Kyle knew that he had an overactive imagination so he was quick to dismiss his thoughts at first.

One day, Kyle came to the house and the nanny was nowhere to be found. He searched the kitchen and other rooms in the house, and then he finally stumbled on a note on the kitchen counter in which the nanny explained that she had gone to the store to buy groceries. On his way to his room, a thought crossed his mind; he thought about entering the nanny’s room to find out what she could be hiding. Kyle was in disbelief upon opening the door to the room. There was a screen showing strange-looking creatures and something that looked like a satellite not to mention other things that Kyle had never seen before. There was a homogenous solution that was green in colour that appeared to be in motion. Scared beyond his little heart could hold, Kyle ran out of the room and went straight to his room where he used all possible means to lock himself in. The first thought was to call him mother and impeach on the nanny, but that would put him in more trouble because his mother would not believe him. He knew that the nanny was from out of space and could probably be thinking of abducting them or may be she was using their house as a place where she could make contact with all her alien friends.

Kyle knew that if he did not take action, then there would be an epiphany of aliens roaming the earth or worse yet, there mission was to destroy the entire human race. He would not want to see their home destroyed or their neighbour’s houses since the people living there had been living in peace since antebellum. Right there and then, he knew what to do; he would take pictures and send them straight to his mother via the internet using his computer. He hurriedly went back to the room taking care not to get caught by the nanny. After taking he went back to the room and tried to connect the computer with the digital camera via a cable. The internet connection was slower than usual and as he was patiently waiting for a connection, he had a loud bang at the front door. The nanny was here and the pictures had not been successfully sent. The pictures were still being displayed on the computer screen when he noticed that he had not locked the door. As he moved towards the door, it opened suddenly and there stood the nanny who could not miss the pictures being displayed on the computer screen.

The Personality Traits that Are Important Sources of Criminality

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Introduction

A criminal activity takes place when there is a means, motive, and opportunity. Criminal personality is the notion that criminals tend to have personality traits that are specific and predictable. Eysenck theorized that criminals tend to exhibit specific behavior patterns, have a genetic basis for the traits and that the formation of their conscience might be faulty. This essay discusses the personality traits of low self-control, psychopathy, and difficult temperament as important sources of criminality.

Low Self-Control

Research suggests that low self-control is directly associated with criminal involvement. According to empirical evidence, low self-control is linked with delinquency involvement, antisocial behavior, and violence. People that have low self-control tend to be more self-centered, irresponsible, impulsive, prone to risky behavior, and exhibit volatile temperaments. Studies have found that among institutionalized delinquents, parolees, and jail inmates. Low self-control is a classic predictor of maladaptive behavior such as theft, abuse, robbery, property offending, among others. According to research, low self-control raises the likelihood of a person engaging in criminal behavior when presented with a viable opportunity. Furthermore, more studies agree that people that have low self-control are more likely to take part in a wider range of criminal activities such as associating with gangs, computer-related crimes, and antisocial behavior (Eysenck, 2017). Such individuals tend to be less bothered with the long-term consequences of their actions and are more likely to partake in activities that grant them instant gratification, such as fraud-related activities and shoplifting.

Psychopathy

Psychopathy is another personality trait that has been linked with criminality. It is a clinical construct linked with behavioral and emotional disturbance, which are deemed significant risk factors for antisocial behavior, sexual recidivism, criminal recidivism, and instrumental violence. According to Hare’s psychopathy Checklist, people with a high psychopathy measure are more likely to be irresponsible, short-tempered, callous, egocentric, violate social harm frequently, display superficial charm, and lack the ability to show empathy (Tharshini, Ibrahim, Kamaluddin, Rathakrishnan, & Che Mohd Nasir, 2021). Additionally, people with psychopathic personality traits tend to be impulsive, manipulative, have low self-regulation, and are unable to feel guilt or remorse. Evidence points out that there are major differences between the crimes carried out by psychopathic males and females. Compared to their male counterparts, female psychopaths are less aggressive and rarely repeat their criminal behavior.

Difficult Temperament

Criminals also tend to have a difficult temperament. A person’s temperament is defined as their individual characteristic that entails a habitual emotional response to specific stimulus. A person’s temperament is a reflection of the baseline differences in the nervous system that involves components like variance in activity level, mood, and emotionality, self-regulation and withdrawal behaviors. Evidence points out that people with difficult temperaments encounter anxiety disorders, mood disorders, disruptive behavior disorders, major depression disorders, and drug abuse. Furthermore, temperamental deficits tend to contribute to violence/crime among adolescents.

Conclusion

In closing, criminal behavior has been linked with personality traits of psychopathy, self-control and difficult temperament. While there are many factors that inform criminal behavior, these three traits tend to be significant driving factors. These personality traits have a role in escalating the risk of criminal behavior involvement. Worth noting, not all people that these personality traits tend to be at high risk of becoming offenders. Moving forward, practitioners and stakeholders need to collaborate with the criminal justice system in identifying potential offenders early enough and give them treatment as a preventative measure to curb crime rates.

References

Eysenck, H. J. (2017). Personality and criminality: A dispositional analysis. Advances in criminological theory, 89-110.

Tharshini, N. K., Ibrahim, F., Kamaluddin, M. R., Rathakrishnan, B., & Che Mohd Nasir, N. (2021). The link between individual personality traits and criminality: a systematic review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(16), 8663.

The Personality Traits

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The Personality Traits

Traits significantly determine and shapes the personality of an individual and more significantly on the scope of life. In general, people show diverse trait personalities which made them have contrary opinions as well as a different way of doing things. Among the various personality characters that people portray according to Chamorro-Premuzic study include openness, agreeableness, extroversion, conscientiousness, and neuroticism. These traits make people who they are, what they like and enables them to undergo the inevitable process of change with regards to age and the subject environment. In this paper, the summary of the articles regarding “Ready for something new?” and “The best of a different drum” is precisely provided as well as the profound elaboration of the articles evaluation on how they fit the psychology study.

“Ready for something new?” is the title of the sensitive article by Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic based on tracing the cultural proclivities with regards to the nature of personality. The traits are divided into five which include openness, agreeableness, extroversion, conscientiousness, and neuroticism. It regards answering whether people whether people are curious showing a high level of openness, whether they are social signifying extroversion, are they driven by self-interests, emotionally active or are they agreeable showing a high degree of cooperation. Chamorro-Premuzic on their study to determine peoples’ traits researched people’s taste in painting styles. The styles were categorized into four major groups which are Cubist, Japanese, impressionist, and Renaissance. It was amusing to find that the trait with great and consistent artistic learnings was open and they were for Cubist, Japanese and Renaissance images. While the conventional individuals favored impressionist and they relatively scored low in openness but highly relished in agreeableness and conscientiousness.

Furthermore, looking at the beat of drum article particularly in consideration of the Gosling and Renfrew there an in-depth psychological understating. The researchers carried out a research on the taste of music among the students of the University of Texas. The grouped the vast scope of music into four distinct groups on which various people showed interest in different categories regarding the characters. The categories included intense, sophisticated music, regular tunes, and rhythmic beats. The rhythmic and dynamic music beats attracted the extroverts while the rebellious beats drew the attention of the people who were above average in openness. The complex music was favorite for both the politically copious and openness traits, while the favorite tunes draw the attention of the conservative listeners, agreeable as well as the conscientious.

The research study of the people’s variations in tastes and preferences in regards to the culture and the level of interest is significant in the study of psychology. It enables the learner to understand the importance of first carrying out profound research when addressing various people psychological issues as well as understanding their scope of interest. It is applicable in any fields in the real-life situation such as in commerce and medication sectors. For instance, in establishing a business, the entrepreneur needs the psychology skills of determining the people’s tastes and preferences of different commodities whether it is in cultural or technology advancement basis. It enhances the establishment of viable ventures which scope high profits and that are suitable to their demographical location.

From the above discussion, the study of psychology is essential in human life and well-being as it provides an understanding of the scope of tastes and fondness for various things. With proper application of psychological skills, people will be productive and be able produced the required products and services. Therefore, there will be an extensive development of the nation’s social-economic and political development.

A & P 1

Question One

The urine follows a certain order before its excretion. After the secretion of urine by the kidneys, it is conveyed to the urinary bladder by the ureters. In the urinary bladder, the urine is retained for some time; the walls of the urinary bladder have the capacity to expand and contract in order to allow holding and releasing of urine (Hudson, 2006). When the time of releasing urine comes, the urine is discharged from the body through the urethra. The discharge of urine from the bladder is usually under voluntary nervous control.

Question Two

The food pyramid is remarkably vital in keeping the body healthy and maintaining the body processes. The food pyramid comprises of grains, vegetables, fruits, fats and oils, milk and dairy products, meat, beans, fish and nuts. All these fall into six categories, where five groups represent food while the sixth group comprises of fats and oils. These food groups are usually broken down to provide energy for the body processes. The body cannot function well without the required energy; hence, without the breakdown of these food substances, the body functioning will be affected adversely (Watson, 2004). Besides, the breakdown of these food substances provide different nutrients required by the body in maintaining a good health; therefore, after the breakdown of the food substances, the body is nourished with the various nutrients. The fats and oils help in insulating the body and their breakdown provides the required energy by the body.

Question Three

Kidney infection describes the inflation of the renal parenchyma, pelvis, and calyces; especially because of a local bacteria infection. The infection is usually caused by E. Coli bacteria. This bacteria spreads from the bladder or the urethra to one of the kidneys infecting it. In case the infection is not treated with prompt, there is a risk of developing serious complications, which may include blood poisoning also known as sepsis and kidney damage. Kidney stones comprise of a compound known as calcium oxalate, which is as a result of accumulating dissolved minerals on the inner lining of the kidneys (Watson, 2004). The deposits can grow up to the size of a golf ball as it maintains a sharp, crystalline formation. The stones may pass unnoticed from the urinary tract, but can cause extreme pain as they exit. The chief cause of kidney stones is a lack of water. Kidney stones usually affect individuals that drink less than the required eight to ten glasses of water per day. The moment there is not adequate water to dilute uric acid, which is a component of urine, the PH level in around the kidneys drops and develops to be more acidic. An extremely acidic environment in the kidneys creates a conducive environment for the formation of the kidney stones.

Question Four

Caffeine is known to relieve headaches because of its capacity to increase alertness, improve muscle coordination and decreasing of fatigue. Through this relaxation of muscles individuals become relieved of headaches (Schrier, 2007). However, caffeine can cause kidney infection because it causes stimulation of the walls of the urinary bladder and the urinary tract, which may lead to irritation if one already has an infection. Dehydration is caused by the diuretic effect of caffeine. Dehydration decreases the frequency of urination, which may allow bacteria in the urinary tract to populate into an infection.

References

Hudson, D. M. (2006). Top shelf. Portland, Me: Walch Publishing.

Schrier, R. W. (2007). Diseases of the kidney & urinary tract. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Watson, S. (2004). The urinary system. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

A & P 2

Ketosis describes a condition, where levels of ketones or ketone bodies, in the blood, become elevated. Ketones become developed once glycogen stores in the liver run out. During this time, the body is usually in a state of starvation having used all its glucose stores; the result is breaking down fat. Ketones develop in the liver from the broken parts of the fat. Ketosis leads to metabolic acidosis. Ketone bodies are usually acidic, but the body can only function within a small range of PH (Tortora & Derrickson, 2009). When the buffering systems like kidney and lungs cannot get rid of excess acid swift enough, the blood PH falls below 7.35, which implies that the body is in metabolic acidosis. Besides, mild ketosis can offer therapeutic potential in different rare and common disease states.

In protein catabolism, proteins are broken down into amino acids by different proteases. Then, the amino acids become absorbed by the small intestine and sent to the liver through the hepatic portal vein (Tortora & Derrickson, 2009). When in the liver, the amino acids become deaminated, after which, the amino groups combine to form urea. Protein catabolism is related to nitrogen balance since high protein catabolic rates indicate a negative nitrogen balance.

The liver has the role of storage, releasing and producing glucose. When a person consumes food having glucose, it is absorbed into the bloodstream from the intestine. The liver plays a significant role in removing excess glucose from the bloodstream and stores it in the form of glycogen. When the blood sugar drops, the liver converts stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream; this prevents blood sugar from dropping to abnormal levels (Tortora & Derrickson, 2009). In addition, when the body burns all its glycogen stores and it still requires energy, the liver produces glucose from fats and proteins to support body functioning.

The urinary system consists of the following organs: two kidney, the bladder, two ureters, and urethra. The kidneys play a role in removing liquid waste, in the form of urine, from the blood and keeping a balance of salts and other substances found in the blood. In addition, the kidneys produce erythropoietin, which helps in the formation of the red blood cells. The two ureters have the role of carrying urine to the bladder from the kidneys (Watson, 2004). The bladder stores urine and release it during urination. The urethra allows the passage of urine from the body.

Urine formation undergoes three basic processes; filtration, reabsorption and secretion (Watson, 2004). As blood flows through the glomeruli, most of its fluid soaks out of the blood through the glomerular capsular membrane, where it becomes filtered and flows into the Bowman’s capsule. During reabsorption, substances move out of the renal tubules into the blood capillaries, which are located around the tubules. Substances that are reabsorbed include glucose and other nutrients, water, sodium and other ions. The secretion process involves the movement of substances from the blood into the distal and collecting tubules. Here, the secretions mix with water and other wastes forming urine.

The creatinine clearance test describes a test, which is used to compare the creatinine level in the urine and the creatinine level in blood. The test can be used in estimating GFR. A GFR creatinine clearance can be determined from the measurement of creatinine in a urine specimen collected for 24 hours and from serum specimen obtained for the same collection period. Decreased creatinine clearance shows decreased GFR (Watson, 2004). The test is not very accurate due to erroneous results that emerge because of incomplete urine collections.

References

Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. (2009). Principles of anatomy and physiology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Watson, S. (2004). The urinary system. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

The Paradox of Fiction

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How is it possible for an individual to get emotional due to characters, events or situations that are non-existent or imaginary? How is it that a fictional character, situation, or story can elicit emotions such as joy, anger, fear, sadness, or tears? The paradox of emotional response to fiction also referred to as the paradox of fiction arises from such questions. Given that, the paradox of fiction is defined as a dilemma in the philosophy that makes enquiries into how individuals express strong emotions to things that do not exist or are not real. It is a debate about the deduction that the emotional reactions elicited by individuals to fictitious characters, situations, or stories are absurd and illogical (Davies, 2009).

The paradox makes use of a group of three premises that appear as factual or convincing on the surface, however, on closer scrutiny becomes contradictory. According to these premises (a), individuals react emotionally to situations, things, or people they know are not real, (b) for an individual to be emotionally touched, they must believe that these situations, things, or people are real, (c) individuals who know characters, things, or occurrence are fictional cannot simultaneously accept them as true or real (Podgorski, 2020). To further explain the aforementioned premises it means that individuals can only express their emotions, be it happiness, pity, fright, tears, envy, anxiety, hate and so on towards things, occurrence, or characters that are present or were present; and therefore, such belief of existence or reality is absent when individuals expressively engage with imaginary contents or characters.

Nonetheless, unreal characters, as well as circumstances, can seem like having the power to evoke or produce deep emotions in people occasionally. The main reason why the three premises are accepted as true by the looks of it until proven otherwise is that they cannot all be correct all at once unless they are taken separately. Therefore, if any two premises, perhaps 2 and 3, are believed to be accurate together, it means the third premise, say 1, must either be untrue or otherwise produce a paradox (Podgorski, 2020).

Different aesthetic or art philosophers have proposed several contradictory solutions to the paradox of fiction which have been categorized into three simple groups, namely the illusion theory, thought theory, and pretend theory. In my view, the two best solutions from the three groups to this problem are as follows: the first is that it is possible for people to be emotional or emotionally charged by things or events that they know to be unreal. The second-best solution is that individuals do not really experience genuine feelings with non-existents characters or objects but instead quasi-feelings that are less intense and that we conceive to be genuine emotions (Davies, 2009).

The first solution is superior to the second because from my point of view we do not react to the fictitious event or character we see or hear but the thought that that fictitious character or event could be true or may have existed or happened in the past or may even exist or happen in future. It is natural and logical for human beings to elicit certain feelings or emotional reactions to thoughts of past, current, or future events. For instance, the thought that a character in a movie or story represents a situation that occurred in the past, or may occur in the future like losing a job, dying of an incurable disease such as cancer and leaving behinds kids who depend on you, getting rich at a young age, winning, or achieving something one has been wishing for; for such a long time or after a long struggle may cause a person to shed tears, be sad, feel pity, happy or envious even with the knowledge that it is fictitious. Therefore this solution answers the problem or question of the paradox fiction.

Moreover, the paradox of fiction can be explained through the triggering of personal experiences. The movie scenes and events which an individual can link to the personal memories evoke the subjective emotional response of a person. For instance, when an individual encounters a scene in a film that relates to their personal experiences their emotions are easily triggered. The emotions enable one to be carried by the fictional events. Psychologists have established that in the chance that stimulus triggers a memory of an individual; the emotional response is least likely to be modulated by surrounding factors. Therefore; they suggest that personal involvement and past experiences are responsible for an emotional reaction towards fiction. The psychologists continue to argue that subjective emotional experience was the primary cause of emotional reaction to psychological arousal. We can thus allude that emotional reactions towards fiction are as a result of personal involvement and action to a large extent as well as other factors which may play a significant role in emotional reaction (Sperduti, 2016).

Furthermore, it is widely known that a genuine emotion only happens when the reaction is towards a real object. Then the question is how we would have genuine emotions to fictional objects, events, and actions. It bits logic that a human being can be attached emotionally to a fictional film. The paradox of fiction can be explained from the daily observations and the human validation that such commitments are inexistent. Fiction for it to happen it has to be created, and these creations are borrowed events but are formulated in such a manner that they drive some information. Fiction is a creation of the society and the daily observations that people make. To a large extent, fiction is intertwined with the daily happenings which suggest, therefore; that it is related to humans. Although fiction is just a reflection of the observations, it is also a borrowed humanity concept (Young, 2010). Thus, it enhances the connections between individual emotional reactions to fiction. This development links humans with fiction and therefore it suggests that emotional reactions are due to the daily observations which the individuals can connect to.

The fiction of paradox has been an issue that has been hotly debated. Fiction is closely connected to emotions and the definition of emotion whether is it real or unreal unravels the topic of fiction. Emotions can be real and unreal depending on the context and the situation. There are two possibilities associated with fiction (a) the emotions can be real if an individual is emotionally connected to the film, (b) the emotions can be situational and out of human weakness which will easily disappear once one returns to his normal senses. The latter is normally determined by cognitive, affectivity, bodily changes, and action tendencies. The former mostly happens when for instance, the film is about a personal experience that one has endured before. Therefore; fiction can be both real and unreal depending on the circumstances that an individual finds themselves in at that point (Tullmann, 2014).

In conclusion, the paradox of fiction is a topic that will be expounded more as years pass. It is evident from the above discussions that both psychology and human emotional studies are yet to establish a common ground. For individuals to react to fiction there are circumstances such as believing in situations and characters, personal experiences that people can relate to, the state of mind of an individual, and human observations influence them to do so. Fiction as well as triggers memories which invoke the subjective emotional responses of individuals.

References

Davies, S. (2009). Responding Emotionally to Fictions. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 67(3), 269–284. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6245.2009.01358.x

Podgorski, D. (2020, March 26). Why Stories Affect Us (Paradox of Fiction). Retrieved April 11, 2020, from https://thegemsbok.com/art-reviews-and-articles/philosophy-articles-friday-phil-colin-radford-paradox-of-fiction/Sperduti, M., Arcangeli, M., Makowski, D., Wantzen, P., Zalla, T., Lemaire, S., … & Piolino, P. (2016). The paradox of fiction: Emotional response toward fiction and the modulatory role of self-relevance. Acta Psychologica, 165, 53-59.

Tullmann, K., & Buckwalter, W. (2014). Does the paradox of fiction exist?. Erkenntnis, 79(4), 779-796.

Young, G. (2010). Virtually real emotions and the paradox of fiction: Implications for the use of virtual environments in psychological research. Philosophical Psychology, 23(1), 1-21.

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The path to success

Success is every student’s ambition in their academic life, whether in colleges or any other learning institution. Everyone in the college endeavors to attain success in their entire college life, which will enable them to live successful lives in their later after-school life. Not only the students but also their parents yearn for the success of their children in colleges. For a student to attain success in college, it is essential to recognize the barriers on their path to success (Banks et al., 118). Barriers hinder them from achieving their success. By identifying them, it enables them to have in place strategies to overcome them. And with the plan, any student can be optimistic about their success in college.

To attain success as a college student, I need to recognize the barriers in my success path and have strategies to overcome them. Some of the potential obstacles to my college success include ineffective time management, not being assertive enough, and a lack of people who inspire me to work hard. To overcome ineffective time management, I ought to prioritize my academic life alongside the daily activities I always get involved with my college life. To attain good assertiveness, I need to have my stand without being influenced by the fellow students and remain faithful on my schedule about my academics. I also require to look up to someone, a mentor who has been successful in their life and emulate them, as my role model.

Ineffective time management is a barrier in my college academic life. Most of my time, I am ever involved in games and socializing, which usually takes my significant time. Thus, I am easily distracted by games, especially hockey which I love so much, and socialization from my college work. Meanwhile, I have trouble focusing on the essential activities and prioritizing them when I usually have them in college. Lack of assertiveness is a barrier for me in my success in college. Most are times when I get influenced by my fellow students join them in what activities they are engaging themselves in. For example, fun activities. Which usually interrupts my schedule for college work. Lack of a role model in my life is a barrier to my college success. At no moment in my life, I ever yearn to be successful in college as a person I know, and with this, I never get motivated in my college work. Hence, success is uncertain for me in college.

To overcome the barriers, I ought to have some strategies. For ineffective time management, I need to have an anti-procrastination mindset. This is because procrastination is a theft of time. And with this kind of mindset, I will be able to do my college work as I had planned with postponing. Also, I have to ensure that I have a written life vision and goals in my studies. To enhance assertiveness in myself, I have to form a habit of standing out and saying no to friends’ influence, which may distract my college work schedule. And always keep my stand on how I want to carry out my activities. Lastly, to attain success in my college work, I need to ensure I have a role model. A mentor who has been successful in their lives, and I learn from their failures and achievements. Having a role model will motivate me to be like them in my college work and eventually succeed as a college student. Also, build a friendship with students who want to succeed in life, which will inspire me in the college.

Time waits for no one. One needs always to plan rather than have proper time management. Also, develop an anti-procrastination mindset. It is always said better three hours too soon than a minute late. A role model should be someone in existence because their existence can confirm possibilities; one may have every reason to doubt their success in college. As a student, I need to have confidence and stand because I stand on shaky ground if I challenge myself.

As discussed above, in the path to success, there exist barriers. It is a student’s responsibility to recognize them to form strategies to overcome them. For ineffective time management, one ought to have an anti-procrastination mindset and plan a schedule on the time they have for their college work. To attain assertiveness, one needs to develop their stand on what they want, particularly their time usage. (Heller et al.32). As a student, it is essential to have a mentor or build friendships with students to succeed in getting some inspiration from their college work. “Success usually comes to those who are too busy looking for it.”

Work cited

Banks, Tachelle, and Jennifer Dohy. “Mitigating Barriers to Persistence: A Review of Efforts to Improve Retention and Graduation Rates for Students of Color in Higher Education.” Higher Education Studies 9.1 (2019): 118-131.

Heller, Monica L., and Jerrell C. Cassady. “The impact of perceived barriers, academic anxiety, and resource management strategies on achievement in first-year community college students.” Journal of The First-Year Experience & Students in Transition 29.1 (2017): 9-32.

A & P

Question 1

One of the chief differences amid the lymph vessels and the blood vessels is that the blood vessels together with the entire circulatory system constitute a closed system while the lymph vessels together with the lymph system does not constitute a closed circulatory system (Földi & Strössenreuther, 2005). Another difference between the two is that the flow of blood through the blood vessels is usually uninterrupted while the flow of lymph fluid via the lymph vessel system is usually interrupted by the lymph nodes. Besides, the blood vessels carry blood while the lymph vessels transport lymph fluid (Wingerd, 2005). Despite having differences, the lymph vessels and blood vessels also have similarities. One of the similarities is that they are both involved in the transportation of fluids. Besides, the transport of lymph in the lymph vessels is fostered by similar factors, which favor the transports of blood through the blood vessels.

Question 2

The thymus gland is remarkably crucial to the immune system since it processes lymphocytes, which fight infections in the body. The gland is vital to young adults and children as it programs lymphocytes in attacking antigens such as the viruses. Therefore, the thymus gland has a chief role in nurturing the lymphocytes through secreting a hormone. Hence, lack of the thymus gland in the immune system can lead to failure of the immune system processing lymphocytes, which help in the fight of cancerous cells and viral infections (Lavini, 2008). Therefore, there will be decreased immunity, when there is a lack of the thymus gland in the immune system. Besides, lack of the thymus gland in the immune system may affect the functions of the hormonal tissues; for example, lack of the thymus gland from birth is usually associated with alterations of the adrenal gland, pituitary gland, ovaries and thyroid.

Question 3

The arteries comprise of three layers, which are Tunica Interna, Tunica Media, and Tunica Adventitia. Tunica Adventitia is the outermost layer of the arteries and has collagen fibers, which are loosely woven (Wingerd, 2005). The function of the Tunica adventitia is holding vessels in place and preventing tearing of vessels in instances of body movements. The Tunica Media is the middle layer of the arteries. The layer has smooth muscle tissue having sheets of elasin. This layer has the function of allowing vasodilation and vasoconstriction. On the other hand, Tunica Interna is the innermost layer of the arteries (Wingerd, 2005). This layer has an endothelium lining and is usually continuous with the endocardium. The role of the Tunic Interna is preventing the adhesion of blood cells to the vessel wall and preventimg thrombosis; in case the endothelium becomes disrupted, fatal thrombosis can occur.

Question 4

The continuous flow of the blood is remarkably essential for the transport of various substances, thus facilitating their removal and exchange. In order for the blood to keep flowing, it requires enough pressure that forces it to continue flowing through the blood vessels. The pressure required to keep the blood flowing to the capillaries is generated by the arteries. The arteries are elastic allowing them to accept large volumes of blood and contract squeezing back to their usual size after they release pressure (Wingerd, 2005). The elasticity property of the arteries maintains the pressure of the blood allowing blood to transport various substances through the capillaries. Therefore, the continuous flow of blood facilitates the exchange of substances through the capillaries. In case there was less pressure, the flow of blood carrying different substances to the capillaries would not be facilitated implying that exchange of substances may not be feasible.

References

Földi, M., & Strössenreuther, R. H. K. (2005). Foundations of manual lymph drainage. St. Louis: Elsevier Mosby.

Lavini, C. (2008). Thymus gland pathology: Clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic features. Milan: Springer.

Wingerd, B. (2005). The Human Body: Concepts of Anatomy and Physiology. New York: Wolters Kluwer Health.

A Backroom Deal with the Governor article

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A Backroom Deal with the Governor article

This essay is from the school of thought that Tesla should be allowed to directly operate stores and consequently sell to the consumers in New Jersey. This is because the various auto dealers have a significant conflict of interest that exists between the promotion of the gasoline cars that constitutes of virtually the whole of their revenue and the electric cars that actually constitutes of none. Furthermore, is not easy for the dealers to sell a new technology car since people are used to the older ones. It is therefore common knowledge that the dealers will simply sell what they find easy to sell which is the old cars making Tesla unable to sell and this could even lead to their bankruptcy as it happened to General Motors and Chrysler in the past.

Another issue is that since the dealers make a larger portion of their profit from the servicing of the cars while the electric cars produced by Tesla does not require much service as compared to the gasoline cars. There are no fuel filter or spark plug changes, no oil, no smog checks and tune ups needed for the electric cars. The dealers are likely to concentrate on that which will give them more profit and that is the gasoline cars leaving Tesla with minimal sales. Nonetheless, the franchise automobile dealers in New Jersey have a defense that justifies their opposition to the direct sales by Tesla and this is anchored on legislation. The dealers managed to cut a backroom deal with the governor that put in place a legislation prohibiting the direct sale of the cars by Tesla to the consumers. Despite the justifications that favor the direct sales by Tesla, the legislation that is already in place must be adhered to. Nevertheless, this essay believes that wider consultations between the two parties should take place to ensure the issues raised are ironed out.

The Palace Of Versailles Architecture

Name

Course

Professor

Date

The Palace Of Versailles Architecture

Introduction

It shall offer an overview of the history of the palace of Versailles including when it was built and notable figures behind its creation. It shall also provide a thesis statement. 

Thesis statement: Versailles is one of the most significant examples of Baroque architecture since it is characterized by extravagance in music, literature, and architecture and represents a veritable manner of thinking that enhanced diversification of decorative elements, for instance, stucco arabesques, gilding, and Trompe-l’oeil.

Chapter 1

Background: Offer information about the palace of Versailles, the place it was constructed, the period of construction and King Louis. 

King Louis XIV: offer information about King Louis and his position in France. Besides, the chapter offers discussions about his fascinations with Versailles and its constructions. 

King Loius move to Versailles: Provide reasons why the king moved and the political controversies that surrounded. 

Geographical Surrounding: offer insights on how the geographical surrounding influenced the constructions of the place and also the activities in it. 

Chapter 2

Loue Le Vau’s Architecture and Hardouin Mansart: Describe the architectural designs of Loue and explains the reasons why Jules was involved in the construction of the palace

Baroque architectural features: It describes important aspects of Baroque architecture such as buttresses, arches, and vaults.

New architectural additions: Explain additions such as grand Trianon, Orangerie and Petit Trianon.