Category: Uncategorized

My Dream and Reason for Scholarship

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My Dream and Reason for Scholarship

I had many dreams about how my life would be when I was a child. However, recently I have got fixated on one dream only and that involves community service and helping the needy. This is alongside business inventions and other means of income that will support the community service and the help of the needy in the community. Firstly, I had a dream of becoming a big tech business person but later I realized that even though tech is important to some extent it leads to the death of social skills. I also thought of farming but it is not the best option right now. For the past one year I have thought about medicine and why people get sick as well as their inability to get medication when they need it.

This has troubled me a lot as I see people suffering with diseases which are difficult to cure and I feel compassion for them. Other cannot even afford the medications they have to take and they are constantly in danger of developing complex health complications. My dream is to have these people assisted through all the means possible. One of the major ways through which such people can be assisted is by making sure that the drugs being sold are either low cost and high quality or the price remains but such people are given the ability to pay for such. Another concern is the medical insurance cover for people. Medicare has helped a lot of people in terms of their health but still it is true that not all Americans are insured and that means some of the Americans have to buy the drugs they get prescribed at hospital using their cash. Therefore, my dream is to address this issue and through the different efforts possible through my pharmacies I will come up with in the future address the issue of the many people being unable to get drugs needed for their different diseases.

I am very excited to join the campus and I am looking forward towards making sure that I do my best in terms of academics as well as the other extracurricular activities. There are several reasons as to why I think I should be considered for the scholarship. Firstly, I am hardworking, diligent and I always look forward towards making a positive change in the society in my capacity. When I am selected for the scholarship, I will make sure that I work smart and that I attain the highest marks possible and this will enable me to become the best in my field. I will also engage other students and instructors towards how best I can become of benefit to my community apart from what I already know and make sure that the feedback I get I actualize it in places and times where possible. If I get the scholarship, I will treat it with respect and appreciate the opportunity by making sure that I follow every guideline and instruction I receive from the scholarship board. Therefore, I am hoping to get the scholarship and when I get it I will treat it with respect and work towards attaining the goals of the scholarship board and my personal goals.

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My Career Path in Ten Years after Graduation

Many individuals go to school so that they can get a decent job. I came to the US for the purposes of acquiring a descent education. I also came here so that I could learn a different culture from my own especially because it is widely claimed that the US’s culture is among the best in the world. As it follows, I consider the following five years as the beginning of my future career. After I graduated from high school, I did not feel like joining the college immediately. I acquired permission from my parents to travel for a while before I joined college. Since I wanted to learn English, I opted to travel to England were I stayed for six months. After this, I visited some other parts of England. I then went back home where I helped my father with running his business for less than a year. It was after this period when I decided to continue with my education, with the hope that I would be able to procure an appropriate job just like every young person did.

Before I commenced with my education, I had several questions about where and how I was to complete it. I, therefore, consulted with my parents about their views and ideas. Since my father had studied in the US, and in German, he was of the opinion that I should complete my studies in the US, specifically in California; my mother supported the idea too. After this, I felt it was necessary to get other people’s opinions on the issue. So I asked the opinions of my friends, family friends who well extremely successful in their businesses and jobs, and even some business owners, and they were all of the opinion that I should come study in the United States. After I had decided where I was going to study, I was faced with another challenge; of how I was going to support myself in the US. Though my father offered to help me with this, I found out that the Ministry of Education back home offered students like me scholarship programs. I decided to apply for the program, and they accepted my application. I considered this the best thing that has happened to me.

I came to Chico in 2008, and immediately started n an English program. After I completed the program, I got accepted into Chico State. As soon as I became a student of the institution, I started to participate in numerous organizations and clubs in the campus. SIFE is one of these clubs that I attend and it is among the most significant ones. In addition to this, I am trying to focus on SAP classes, and especially the elective classes. I did some research in which I found that the application is particularly marketable back home, and that most specialists in the area are foreigners. I also want to get an internship in the US before I go back home. If I succeed in achieving all of my aspirations, I will be able to attain an excellent job in a reputable company back home.

I plan to start my career in a reputable company once I get back home; like SABIC and Aramco, mainly because in such companies I can continually further my knowledge and gain more experience and expertise. Such companies have highly qualified, and experienced employees from whom I can learn from. In addition to this, I will have the chance to attend business seminars and training courses that can be beneficial for my career advancement. I plan to attain all these within my first five years. Later, after I have gained all the experience, and after I have gained financial stability, I plan to start my own business. I am well aware of the challenges associated with beginning a new business but with the experience from my prior job, I will have the knowledge of numerous market needs, and I will also come up with a business plan that will enable me start a successful business; one of my Chico professors has advised me as so. I have numerous business ideas some of which might be viable and some of which are not. However, I am hoping that I can narrow down all these choices down after I get some considerable experience about the market needs and wants in the area I want to specialize in. the beginning of the new business will not be easy; it will probably deny me family and social time, but I am ready to sacrifice for my goals.

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My English native language

The intercultural and globalization has made some languages gain more speakers compared to others. An example for a language that has gained is English. Many nations have incorporated English in their curriculums and recognized it as an international language. My native language is English, which I have spoken from birth. I also attend a school having their curriculum in English, and this has rooted me deep into this language.

Many times I have encountered None-English natives speaking in English. Considering that they come from other nations where their native languages is not English, I have just enjoyed their speeches. However, the difference has been in the way they communicate, the fluency and the speed. Unable to connect sentences and words properly, some has practiced speaking slowly.

I have been in situations where the people around me speak another languages I do not understand. This was a hotel. I had entered the hotel and found some people sitting. After a while, they started speaking in Kiswahili. For the first time, I listened carefully to grasp what the speech was about. This was without success. It was not good because I was not sure what they were talking about and whether they were discussing me, I could not tell. Such cases and scenes make one feel out of a place and isolated.

Intercultural communication is a vital tool in the modern age of globalization and increased cultural exchange. It necessitates the acquisition of various skills that enable individuals to deal with the various barriers to effective intercultural interaction and communications. Global relations are also essential as it is socially appropriate or culturally appropriate. It helps to communicative behaviour and this helps deal with the challenges by allowing individuals to recognize what is culturally appropriate from their perspective and perspectives of others.

CHILD NEGLECT

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Child neglect

Child neglect is defined as any confirmed or suspected act by a caregiver or the parent. They do not provide adequate create and protection to their children, thus exposing them to factors that can endanger them emotionally, physically, or mentally. This happens most of the time due to the parents trying to throw their emotional burden on the children as a way for them to get relieved. The caretakers have also increased this child neglect to a very high degree, and they act most of the time as the perpetrators of this concept. It is a very harmful experience for the children as they get into bad company and they view themselves as not loved from the very early. This has devastating effects on the formation of the children and the general society as well. This is because the kids who are neglected grow up to become adults who have complications with their social life and how they do everything about their lives. Child neglect, abandonment, lack of supervision, inability to provide the necessary education, nourishment, clothing, and medical care are some of the different ways neglect is performed (Panagiotis, 2019).

Therefore all of these factors combined make the child inaccessible, and most of the time, the children who go through this tend to keep to themselves and are unable to open up at any point. The children who go through this also get to be silent most of the time, and they are not very visible. Therefore this even leads to them being neglected and forgotten even more because their presence is never recognized. Child neglect happens primarily at home. However, it can still occur in schools, religious organizations like churches, and other places like social gatherings and events. At home, child neglect is dominant, and it is at home whereby child neglect has very devastating effects, which are discussed below. Therefore this paper summary delves deep into discussing the role of the family in bringing up their children. The paper summary will also focus on the causes, the effects, the family situation, the treatment of the effects, and how these challenges, especially in parenting, can be addressed. The address is to create a sound and good society sound and good society in how it interacts with one another and generally the quality of a person’s social life (Stoltenborgh, 2013).

The United States department of health and human resources indicates in its 2016 report that one out of every 1000 children is neglected in the whole of the United States. This is a worrying figure since compared to other forms of mistreatment like physical abuse, which has reduced over time, the child neglect figures have not reduced. One of the leading issues that are very difficult to identify is that since neglect is an act or omission, it is very easy to be unable to identify it. Therefore people focus on other forms of mistreatment while the major silent form of mistreatment, which is child neglect, is never looked into. Child neglect does not have instant effects, and therefore most people assume it can always be assumed, which is not the case. It is the abuse that should be mostly looked into and addressed to a very great degree. It should be considered because its effects are devastating, and they occur gradually over some time. The effects are also not easy to deal with since the period within which it happens; the effects are so much ingrained into a person’s behavior and character that it is not easy to do away with them.

The types of child neglect include; supervisory, physical, medical, educational, and emotional. Supervisory child neglect is whereby the child is never supervised and is always left alone to do what they wish to do without the parent’s involvement. Physical child neglect occurs when the child does most receive basic physical needs; this is majorly caused by the child not being availed of clothing, food, water, or shelter, among other factors. Medical child neglect is a situation whereby medical needs are never taken as a priority. Therefore they are not attended to promptly even when the child is having great difficulty in their medical condition. Educational neglect is where the parents are not concerned about the education of their children. Therefore, the parents do not provide special needs education even when needed if they have a physically challenged child. Emotional neglect is whereby the child is not given their emotional needs such that they do not feel secure, loved, wanted, worthy, etc.

Child neglect can also vary depending on how severe it is. In this category, there is severe, moderate, and mild child neglect. This order follows in the manner and eh extent of the neglect, and it is also what defines the effects. The causes of child neglect are divided or classified under; family, social-economical, and intra-personal causes. Along with these causes, other factors that play a very big role in child neglect are; substance abuse, unemployment, mental health issues of parents, and poverty among the parents.

In the intra-personal causes of child neglect, the focus is on the parents’ behavior and tries to explain the link between the behaviors and the neglecting ability or trait. Some of the intra-personal causes include the inability of a parent to plan, the inability to spend money appropriately, heightened stress levels, and other factors. This mainly focuses on mothers and evaluates their nurturing ability and nature and, therefore, the above intra-personal causative tenets. However, the role of the father is not widely observed, and it is not highly discussed. Interpersonal child neglect causative factors are the factors that are based in the family and at home generally. Neglectful families are made up of transient males, or most of the time, they are of a single parent who has to work very hard to provide for the kids and therefore lacking time to look after the children. Family child neglect can also be focused on abusive relationships, making it difficult for the parents to look after the children.

The link between poverty and child neglect is a very significant one as poverty drives the parents far away from family as they try to think and come up with ways to prevent the family from being bankrupt. Therefore as the parents struggle to maintain financial fluidity, they also get to neglect their children. However, poverty in itself is not an entirely causative agent of neglect. This factor is because a humble background can provide love and care for their children. Therefore if poverty co-exists with other undesirable factors, child neglect may be realized (Garbarino, 1999).

The parenting styles play a big role in ensuring the children’s protection from this kind of mistreatment. Therefore, it comes out that the children who have emotional abuse are less likely to develop good quality relationships later in their lives due to their experiences when they were children. Therefore, this goes along to encourage parents to be available for their children to avoid these kinds of effects and issues from arising later in their children’s lives when they are grown.

The effects of child neglect are varied and many. However, if a child is neglected during their first two years, they may likely suffer from this neglect’s effects in a more great manner than if they experienced the neglect at older ages. The effects can be categorized into behavioral, cognitive, and emotional child neglect effects. It is the neglect a person receives during their childhood years that determines their behavior and how they fit in socially compared to other individuals. The people who receive neglect during their childhood years are likely to have difficulties fitting in and socializing with people around them. Apart from the social effects of child neglect, the neglected children may experience academic deficits due to their neglect when they were little children.

According to Dr. Wilson, children who are neglected when they are young have a three times probability of getting a stroke than the child who was never neglected. This research he conducted and based the results on those under the age of 18 years. Therefore, this acts as proof to the studies that suggest that neglect, abuse, and bullying have changed in the brains of grey and white matter. Therefore this is a health effect of child neglect.

In conclusion, we can say that it is important that parents and caregivers be enlightened on how they should always check up on their daily manner of doing things so that they never neglect the children under their care. They should be encouraged to keep a close watch over their children and provide the emotional care and support which are highly needed for the children so that they can be able to grow up into adults who are socially bright and dependable. The government should also create ample conditions for the parents and the caregivers to provide good care for their kids and help them grow into fully mature people.

References

‌ Erickson, M. F., & Egeland, B. (2002). Child neglect.

Crittenden, P. M. (1999). Child neglect. Neglected children. Research, practice, and policy. Thousand Oaks, 47-68.

Garbarino, J. (1999). Child neglect. Neglected children: Research, practice, and policy, 1.

Hildyard, K. L., & Wolfe, D. A. (2002). Child neglect: developmental issues and outcomes☆. Child abuse & neglect, 26(6-7), 679-695.

Panagiotis Karamitsos. (2019, September 6). Child Neglect: What Are Its Types, Causes, and Long-Lasting Effects? Life Advancer. https://www.lifeadvancer.com/child-neglect-types-causes-effects/

Stoltenborgh, M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2013). The neglect of child neglect: a meta-analytic review of the prevalence of neglect. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 48(3), 345-355.

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Child Protective Services Report

I was privileged to have gotten an opportunity to work for the Department of Child Protective Services. I have had passion to try and ensure that children stay in loving homes where they are accorded the love that they need. Since time immemorial, there have often been cases of child abuse but unlike in the past when they could not be protected, things are now a little bit different. Child protective services is among the agency that have been created. With child abuse cases became rife in America, the government found the need to protect the children from cases of abuse and neglect. the system is quite complex and it varies from state to state. Child services collaborates with other entities such as; community based organisations and private child welfare agencies. Whereby they are able to accord services such as; parenting skill classes, rehabilitation, foster care, domestic violence, housing and employment assistance. This report generally looks at my experience at the Child Protective services including the skills that I did pick up there.

The first thing that I learnt was that Children Protective Agency is generally responsible for the general social welfare of the children. There was a team that were required to follow up on cases of children abuse that were reported. Social welfare services were mandated to remove neglected and abused children from their guardians and the streets. These children were later on placed with other families and orphanages. Child Protective Services normally, receives and investigates reports of possible child neglect and abuse. It also provides services for affected families, who are in need for protection and care for their children. Child services is also tasked with arranging for living arrangements with, foster families or next of kin. Child protection services also provides arrangement for adoption, permanent family relations for kids living foster care and adoption. As mentioned above the welfare services is tasked with various duties. In case of possible child abuse or neglect, the concerned individual can issue a report. CPS case workers receive the reports and they are screened in or out. Screening in happens when there is sufficient evidence of child abuse or neglect, therefore warranting an investigation. Screening out is undertaken if the evidence presented does not meet a states legal definition of child abuse or neglect. In such instance the social worker can refer to the person who initially reported the case or the community for assistance. After screening case workers respond, however the response time varies and is dependent on the type of alleged maltreatment. Case workers may interrogate the people in contact with the child, they can also speak with the child solely or with a caregiver present this is dependent on the child’s age. Given the amount of risk a child who is believed to be in immediate danger can be moved to safer accommodations. In some states if the risk is considered low CPS case workers focus on identifying support and services that the family will need, rather than collecting evidence for conviction.

Another role that the Child protective services are tasked with is that they ensure that guardians who are found guilty of child abuse and neglect are offered support by; ensuring they undergo treatment services and ensure that they also undergo services mandated by juvenile courts. In low risk cases caregivers are provide with in-home services and support; child care, parent education, counselling and so on. However, in high risk cases, police are called upon to investigate and may file charges in a court of law. Perpetrators of child abuse are placed on a state maltreatment registry, when there is confirmation of child abuse, these registries are confidential. However, for professions that involves working with children, the registry can be used to perform background checks. CPS workers are mandated to follow standard procedures when responding to cases of child maltreatment. CPS workers are guide by basic philosophical tenets; a permanent home is the safest place for a child to grow. CPS case worker’s efforts are more effective if the affected party is involved.During my internship I was also able to learn of the connection between child protective services and the foster care system. Foster care is whereby a child is placed with another family for a while and this family or the caregiver needs to be approved by the government. Placement of children is done by the government and is arranged by social services agency, parents or caregivers that are selected are then compensated for expenses. The parent although is the primary caregiver meaning they offer day-to-day care to the family, the state through the court as well as chill protective agency act as “in loco parentis” meaning they get to make the major decisions that may affect the child. For child protective services, I was able to find out how they liaise with the foster care system to ensure children who are placed in the system are treated well. The foster care system is one institution that is often viewed in bad eye. This is because most people are often aware of the mistreatment that children in the foster care go through including the physical abuse, emotional, sexual abuse. Child Protective Services is tasked with ensuring that the children in these homes get out and are taken to homes where they are loved and given the care that they deserve.

While at the internship, there were cases that I really got to study. One was the Gabriel Fernandez case. Gabriel Fernandez case is among the most looked at case and how Child Protective Services failed the boy. Typically, Child Protective Services are often tasked with following up cases that may involve a child being harmed this may include calls from the school teacher or the neighbors. When such distress calls come in, the social workers are often dispatched so that they can go and interview the child or siblings and remove the children from the said home. Gabriel’s teacher had tried making several calls explaining that the boy was being hurt but nothing seemed to have taken place. Gabriel’s case was not the only case that may have such issues, there are a few other cases where children who were harmed had tried seeking for help from Child Protection Services but it seems they were never able to get this help. One key issue that I related as to why such cases happened was because of the many cases that are reported but the officers are not as many. The Department of Child Protective Services often mandates that all accidents that affect dependent of children be reported. For most caseworkers, they try looking into cases of children who cannot have access to the outside world as they are more vulnerable to abuse. Children who are of school going age, most social workers often believe or at least have faith that the teachers or the neighbors may be able to notice the abuse and report it. With most CPS being understaffed, at times a caseworker may lose track of a certain child. For Gabriel’s case, it was quite unfortunate because even the software used to calculate a child’s likelihood of abuse had proved that Gabriel was likely to be abused yet no steps were taken. Encountering such cases made me scared if ever I will ever be in such a position. I was however encouraged with steps CPS were taking in trying to ensure caseworkers were not overloaded with work and thus such cases are not as common as the past.

A child’s behavior and their upbringing was also a lesson that I learnt and was able to experience firsthand. Children from foster care or those who have undergone abuse are likely to portray delinquency because of what they have gone through especially those that have been abused. Lack of a permanent home can be frustrating for a child as they need stability in their life. Abuse that the child experience, lack of affection and love as well as multiple moves create impetus for delinquency. Some children get into drugs as a way to cope with what they are feeling including use of alcohol, cocaine, heroin among other drugs. Some of the foster youth may also get easily recruited into gangs as they may find a sense of belonging from these gangs. Due to violence inflicted on them, they too may tend to be violent or even bullies in school as measure to try and protect themselves. There have been organizations that have come up to try and help foster care children that have been through abuse by providing counselling and support in order to help them not to get into juvenile delinquency or the life of crime.

The child protective services just like any other entity is faced with its own share of challenges. The institution is faced with an increase in caseloads and intricate social problems, this is all summed up by the agency not being able to maintain a skilled workforce. Cases of absence of good record keeping, hindrance the maintenance of useful case data. Service delivery is also hindered due to the stigma associated with child abuse. Difference in beliefs and necessary approach to be taken by both service providers and family, proves to be a challenge. However, CPS workers are tasked with ensuring the safety of children. The main aim being finding safe permanent residence for affected children. It is key to note that CPS job can be quite stressful and there are high chances of burn out, however it is quite rewarding.

The experience was generally a good experience. I worked under people who had the passion and the zeal that would ensure that the children get the best care from the homes that they leave in. Although I had learnt a few things theoretically such as challenges faced by children and importance of CPS in protecting them, challenges in foster care, and challenges in CPS, getting to experience them first hand and coming up with solutions was an amazing experience. By the end of the internship I had acquired problem solving, critical thinking, team work and leadership skills all which I know will be vital as I embark on my career.

MY CHALLENGING LIFE IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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My Challenging Life in United States of America

Since I was a small boy, I always wanted to go to one of the Diasporas in this world, see the nature and learn more of the western culture. One of the places that always rang in my head was the United States of America; where I anticipated meeting the people of the other race adapt their way of life just like I used to see in movies and cinemas back in my African country. I had little or no knowledge on the kind of culture I was anticipating meeting, but in my own view, I figured it out as the most fascinating life I could ever have in my entire life.

I studied so hard in my lower grade levels so that I could book myself a chance to get a scholarship in either of the western nations, an ambition which later turned into success when I later received a letter inviting me into one of the precious universities in US. I went to the foreign country at the age of twenty three, with a great vision to learn new concepts, enhance my ability and knowledge of medicine then later go back to help my fellow Africans. The new environment welcomed me with a mixture of surprises and sorrow, as things didn’t turn out like I literally expected.

Adapting a New life in a New Place

The first year was a bit harder for me especially when I remembered the mentality that I was still coping with the way of living there. My financial sponsorship had guaranteed me to get a nice suit in New York, where I attended my daily medical classes at a nearby college. The first challenge I encountered in Diaspora was the sudden change of culture (Hall, 2020). Unlike most of the students who got enrolled in those scholarships, I was the only one who was unaware of the kind of behaviors I could face from the white culture.

US, being one of the countries which have an ancient culture, has citizens who have great love and respect for their way of living, something which sounded so much different from the life I had experienced in Africa. In my originality, culture was respected, but freedom was not incorporated with culture whatsoever way. That statement meant that the western culture had offered freedom to anyone who is freely demonstrating his or her way of living, unlike at my place back home, (Clay, 2011).

One of the worst trait I disliked since my first step on the country was the behavior of asking too many question about an individual especially the visitors and scholars from other nations. Some showed a little concern on our culture, while another group despised the way of living by some visitors. The first week at my school was one of my worst moments ever, as a whole class usually turned me into a questionnaire. The college too, being an international one had all types and kind of races, something which gave the whites a chance to ask my African colleagues and I about any information concerning any aspect from our homelands

Rejection by the Citizens

The second and worst challenge I encountered in the foreign country was rejection. It could be clearly seen on the faces of some of the white students that they were not happy about our stay in their places, (Allen, 2010). Just like any other person could have felt, the whites felt like we had started to overcrowd in their home forcing them to share their original hand with the new visitors. According to my study o the general behavior of the Americans, their attitude towards the idea of Africans coming into their country of Africans invading their country was kinder personal, where they accused us of filling up their country. Emotionally, the idea of being a reject in a foreign nation was never mentioned before I got there, I got hurt all way.

Language Barrier

Language happened to be a barrier to me, to be honest, it is almost impossible for an African to speak American English fluent due to the local influence back in mother country (Hall, 2020). I really struggled to learn and speak like my fellow classmates, something which white students used to mock me. I expected to find welcoming friends, who could teach me how to speak fluently like the citizens of the country. However, things turned, I met people who always minded their own, and got less concerned with any other people especially from African countries.

Anyone who has visited New York will absolutely tell that it is a nice place. Being brought up in African conditions got me on surprises every time I walked through the streets of New York. The new buildings, decent and high mechanized way of living was completed different from the harsh life I used to face in Africa, a condition which made me take a lot of time in adapting the new life (Allen, 2010). The fact that I had no one to guide me on how to cope with some situations made the matter worse, a condition which made me regret coming to US. I had to endure the new lifestyle no matter what, as it was the only way I could have achieved my goals. At this point, everything I saw in movies about US was completely different. I found myself fighting my local way of living and turning to the trending way of living in the global.

Racism and Discrimination

Being a black in a midst of whites in a western country got me in trouble too. The students where racists, something which was acceptable by the administration but the group ended up mocking the Africans due to their complexion under the same set of rules (Hall, 2020). I encountered the first racism case on my admission day, where the administration wanted to give my room to another white student just because he had missed all the places and I was the only African in the place. Luckily, I retained my room miraculously, and focused on my studies till I finished.

United States is one of the nations which are highly developed, and whose economy grew a long time ago. Being in such state, the cost of living in the country was a bit high for a mere college student, as one was required to be in a position to pay for all the bills required for a living. Being a poor and ordinary student, I always found myself struggling to meet some bills in the country so that I cannot starve (Clay, 2011). I expected a cheaper life just like in my African way of living, something which was rare or completely unavailable in the states. I started looking for side hustles in my third year of the stay at the country so that I could gather some income to sustain the cost of living there.

Being in Diaspora means that one is in fear of any danger. Of all the states in America, New York is known for having a lot of activities, people and services running in all hours of the day. Being a black and a foreigner got me in a position where white cop got suspicious when he or she sees me, something which really got questions in, my, mind where we were being treated separately from the other. Violence and constant attacks became normal to me, until I adapted how to live like any other American.

My biggest flex was to get a job in the states immediately am done with my studies so that at least life could get a bit better than back at my place. Things didn’t turn out like I expected earlier. I finished school after my four-year stay at the college but still got myself struggling to get a chance at medical centers even after scoring high grades in the final examinations (Allen, 2010). I applied for jobs all over New York, until I got a chance at a small dispensary where the owner employed me just because of a little mercy she had for me. Since then, life in the foreign country taught me that freedom was offered at home; as it was the only place I had a legit citizen. I endured all the challenges I encountered in Diaspora in order to fulfill my goal of becoming a learned doctor and later go back to save my people.

Since I started staying in US, I got the information that I was not able to participate in any conditional matter concerning voting or any constitutional duty as I was not termed as a citizen of the foreign nation. The rule meant that I was not in a position to make any decision concerning the country’s administration, but I was expected to obey every rule. Lastly, as much as I enjoyed my stay at the country, I felt that the Diaspora should also consider helping people who go there to look for a living to be considered and their treatment made fair. O[oppressing the visitors due to superiority should be eliminated and avoided by such countries, and instead look for ways to help the people who pay such visits.

References

Allen, J. S. (2010). ‘In the life’in diaspora: Autonomy/desire/community. In Routledge Handbook of Sexuality, Health and Rights (pp. 475-483). Routledge.

Clay, E. (2011). Mediated science, genetics and identity in the US African diaspora. Media, spiritualities and social change, 25-36.

Hall, S. (2020). Cultural identity and diaspora (pp. 231-242). Routledge.

My Child’s Cognitive Development

Abstract

In this inquiry project, I will be designing curriculum that seeks to teach my son Englishalphabet letters, numbers to 10 and body parts in 4 weeks. I am very interested in what a child aged 2 should be able to do. I have a 2 year old son who was born in the USA but unfortunately does not know English despite being at such an age. This has greatly been weighing on me and so I decided to start teaching him letters, numbers, body parts and giving him examples about what each letter stands for, for example A is for “apple”. I am very concerned that he should be able to at least have mastered a few body parts, letters and numbers at that age like his peers. I believe that if unchecked, this may turn out to be very counterproductive in helping him grow up and develop at a moderate level.

This will be done through constantlyplaying alphabet games and number songs with him since children at his age like simple and memorable songs. I believe that songs make it easy for them to identify numbers and letters especially if they have colorful scenes. I am also going to take advantage of everyday opportunities such as having breakfast and using mealtimes to further cultivate my position as a model to emulate and teach him in the process. This will be done through playing simple eating games such as “One sandwich for mommy, one for daddy and another for you, that is one two three”. This will help build his counting skills by helping him master simple numbers by associating them with simple day to day experiences.For the body parts, I am going to point to various parts such as his eyes and other parts. To make the experience more authentic, I will record a video that shows how he was before teaching him and how he is after the four weeks of teaching. The video will help monitor his progress as he learnsEnglish letters, numbers and various body parts.

My 2 year old son was born in the USA butunfortunately, he does not know any English words except “Hi”. This is somewhat shameful since he is American yet is not able to understand the most basic forms of communication in English. This is the reason why I decided to start teaching decided to start teaching him letters, numbers, body parts and giving him various examples that demonstrated what each letter stands for. I want him to be at the same level with other boys that are his age and not feel left out.In order to fully achieve this, I will need to apply some concepts and theories in cognition that are directed towards early childhood development.When it comes to cognition, there are various aspects of it that we can relate and identify with that affect early development in small children. The most important of these theories that small children can identify with is imagery and perception(http://www.education.com/magazine/article/body-talk-preschool/).There are numerous ongoing studies that are aimed at establishing a concrete link between mental imagery and perception in small children aged 1 to 6 years. Mental imagery entails visualizing of images or events in one’s brain (Anselmo & Franz, 1995). Perception entails visualizing images and events based on external stimulus such as witnessed events or occurrences. Studies actually reveal that some cortical areas of the child’s brain are involved in both imagery and perception (Anselmo & Franz, 1995). What is evident is the fact that both imagery and perception play a significant role in memory and motivation and ultimately in early childhood development. Different people perceive things differently and that is probably why their actions differ.

The importance of perception is hence paramount in understanding any basic components such as letters, numbers and simple body parts. One must form a clear mental image of what is required of him or her and fully comprehend the components in an associative way (Brooks & Berlin, 2003). This principle applies to small children in that two children of the same age are very likely to have different levels of understanding and would relate differently to society despite being the same age (McCartney & Phillips, 2011). This was the main motivation for my inquiry project.

Thisinquiry projectis going to make a difference in my young son in whom I am going to apply these principles. Aged 2 years old, I decided to teach him because he is an American, and I am planning to live here for a couple of years. I am currently studying for my Ph.D. and hence estimate that we will be staying her for at least four years. This implies that my son is going to study his first grade and kindergarten here.It is because of this that I do not want him facing language barriers or trouble communicating with his friends because he does not know English. I am considering taking him to an international school once we return to our home country Saudi Arabia.

Ultimately the inquiry project will also make a significant difference in my life too.One key aspect of growth in the development of different behaviors in people is the ability to learn and adapt to what they see in others. This theory holds true even in small children (Goswami, 2007). Role models are widely believed to influence people, both young and old, in the manifestation of behavior. Various conditions need to be fulfilled in order to thrive in learning from a role model that include paying attention, retaining what is observed and having the motivation and skill to learn from the model (Bjorklund , 2012). Using the same approach, but on a smaller and less complex scale I intend to act as the role model for my small son to imitate. Through imitation, he has the ability to reconstruct some of the things that he sees me do and in the process subconsciously add these actions to his cognitive ability (Benson & Haith, 2009). This means that I will adjust my schedule and time slightly in order to dedicate some time to tech him letters, numbers and body parts. It will be very encouraging to me once he graspsthese teachings within the four weeks. I will be more confident in his communication skills if the inquiry project is successful so in a way the project will also make a difference in my life too.

According to the preschool or kindergarten content standards that are outlined in New York State (common core state standards), counting to 10, recognizing some of the alphabet letters and body parts are basic standards that children of my son’s age should learn(Brooks & Berlin, 2003). These standard stipulate that in order to teach these components of children study to pre-K children and grades K-3, one should create a detailed schedule of the daily routines and activities for a preschool or kindergarten teaching session. One should ensure that language and literacy experiences are provided throughout the day. In order to build the learning experience to enable him master some letters, numbers and body parts, I will teach him using some visual strategies. I will act as a presenter and employ gestures and language with many pictures. Books with pictures and diagrams are also very critical in helping enhance his visual learning (Bjorklund, 2012). I will aim to use techniques that help him reconstruct the letters, numbers and body parts that he has learnt. I estimate that by the third week he should be able to redraw images and letters from memory, try different spatial arrangements, and replace numbers with initials and symbols. This will signify that it is time to reduce his study sessions into smaller periods(Brooks & Berlin, 2003).These sessions will be constructed through various instructional strategies and I will designthe instructions and the methods of assessment that will enable him complete the learning process within the stipulated four weeks. A good instructional strategy that I will be using this period is teaching him numbers and body parts kinesthetically.Statistics show that children who learn better through kinesthetic means should try to experience the things that they are learning in order for them to remember it best(Brooks & Berlin, 2003).

Some questions that will guide me in the process are based on Bloom’s wheel and I have concluded that the four key questions I will use are: Will my son be able to easily recognize numbers, letters and body parts? Secondly, will my son be able to comprehend what the meaning of the letters, numbers and body parts he learns? Thirdly will my son be able to apply and use the letters and numbers that he has learnt? And lastly will he be able to analyze and evaluate the letter he has learnt and numbers to form words that he can use constructively?

I will then use the evidence and match my results against the four question derived so that I can be able to determine whether or not I have had an effect in my goal of teaching him some letters of the alphabet, numbers and body parts. I will break down the procedure of teaching him these three elements by first teaching him numbers. I will do this throughplaying number songs since children at his age like songs. These songs will help him memorize numbers in a catchy and interactive way (http://www.babycenter.com/404_how-and-when-should-i-teach-my-child-her-numbers_6899.bc). I will also utilize day to day experience such as helping him learn how to count during breakfast by helping him count pancakes such as, “One pancake for mommy, one for daddy, one for you and so one, two, three”. The second level of teaching will be teaching him the alphabet. I will do this using a26 two-sided, interactive flash cards. I will also play the Sesame Street series which gives a creative way of identifying letters accompanied by songs (http://www.babycenter.com/404_whats-the-best-way-to-teach-my-child-the-alphabet_6897.bc). Lastly, I will teach him about body parts by printing out pictures of various parts and pointing to mine as I teach him to identify each of them.

In order that I may assess the success, I will record a video that shows my son’s ability before and after the four weeks of teaching by using different games, songs, flashcards and educational videos. That video will be conclusive in proving that he does not have the ability to count to 10, recognize his body parts and some of the alphabet letters before teaching him. Then, after four weeks, I will record another video to show his ability to do the things stated and note his progress.

The results of my project inquiry are indeed very encouraging. The video clearly shows that my child now after only 4 weeks of teaching has the ability to recognize some of the alphabet letters, count to 10 even though he is missing some numbers, and recognize his body parts.The video clearly captures his progress from week one to week four. Each week is marked by a significant progress in one of the three sections that I am teaching him. For him, learning the alphabet letters has not been as hard as learning all the numbers. The results show that he has This is very encouraging because I believe that with continued training, he will be able to fully master all the numbers and with time use what he has learnt constructively. His progress in only four weeks has been very spectacular and I am now very confident that our 4 year stay in America will help him build his linguistic and literacy levels.

The next time that I have the opportunity to conduct the inquiry project I hope to reduce the turnaround time for teaching him to less than four weeks. I have established that indeed he has a lot of potential and with refined instructional strategies I can help him learn in less time. This will have a greater impact and difference in himbecause I will have more time to help him learn other components that will help build his linguistic knowledge. The inquiry project has therefore been very significant in making a difference in my son’s cognitive development.

References

Anselmo, S., & Franz, W. (1995). Early childhood development: Prenatal through age eight. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Merrill.

Benson, J. B., & Haith, M. M. (2009). Language, memory, and cognition in infancy and early childhood. Amsterdam: Academic.

Bjorklund, D. F. (2012). Children’s thinking: Cognitive development and individual differences. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning.

Body Talk: Pre-school(2008). Retrieved from http://www.education.com/magazine/article/body-talk-preschool/Brooks-Gunn, J., Fuligni, A. S., & Berlin, L. J. (2003). Early child development in the 21st century: Profiles of current research initiatives. New York: Teachers College Press.

Goswami, U. C. (2007). Blackwell handbook of childhood cognitive development. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub.

How and When Should I teach My Child Numbers? (2009). Retrieved from http://www.babycenter.com/404_how-and-when-should-i-teach-my-child-her-numbers_6899.bcMcCartney, K., & Phillips, D. (2011). Blackwell Handbook of Early Childhood Development. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.

What is the best Way to teach My Child the Alphabet? (2009). Retrieved from http://www.babycenter.com/404_whats-the-best-way-to-teach-my-child-the-alphabet_6897.bc

DIABETES MELLITUS

Student’s Name

Institution

Date

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar. Diabetes is considered a chronic illness in that when one has the disease, the body either doesn’t make enough insulin or cannot use the insulin it makes effectively. The general symptoms of diabetes include weight loss, extreme fatigue, blurry vision, sores that hardly heal, frequent urination, increased thirst, hunger, etc. It is crucial to understand that there are symptoms that affect women and those that affect men. Symptoms in men with diabetes are erectile dysfunction, decreased sex drive, and poor muscle strength. For women include yeast infections, urinary tract infections, and dry, itchy skin. Therefore, untreated high blood sugar from diabetes may damage organs in the body such as the kidneys and tissues throughout the body. It is crucial to understand that even though diabetes can lead to serious medical complications, there are ways to manage the condition with medications and lifestyle changes. Healthy eating is a central part of managing the disease. Additionally, insulin can also help manage diabetes since it replaces the hormone the body is not able to produce.

Impact of Stigma on Health Outcomes

There have been a lot of people with diabetes mellitus that face stigmatization in society. Many diabetes patients claim that people say that they brought the disease to themselves. In contrast to other diseases, the public is less accepting and encouraging people living with diabetes. Since diabetes is believed to be associated with obesity, these patients are presented as overweight, lazy, and guilty of bringing the disease upon themselves. Even though being overweight is a risk factor for diabetes, there are other factors such as family history, socioeconomic factors, and environmental factors that cause the disease (Patra et al., 2021). Therefore, such misconceptions and misplaced judgments may bring these patients down and this may result in some negative effects.

Some of the impacts of stigma on the health outcomes for the vulnerable population with diabetes include: First, stigma can lead to worse health outcomes. It is essential to understand that diabetes patients have reported feelings of fear, blame, guilt, low self-esteem, and anxiety due to stigmatization. Such negative emotions mainly result in depression and higher levels of stress. When diabetes patient experiences this kind of stress, they increase their chances of developing health complications like macrovascular problems, sexual dysfunction, and retinopathy.

Secondly, stigmatization among these vulnerable populations may contribute to having poor self-care and diabetes management. Since people with diabetes are always made to feel entirely responsible for managing their health by ensuring their glucose level is normal, when they feel stigmatized, they may stop taking care of themselves as expected. Therefore, it is quite evident that harsh judgments made to people with this chronic disease can prompt efforts to conceal basic diabetes management. An example is patients with diabetes who have reported avoiding injecting themselves with insulin, eating unhealthy meals, manipulating glucose diaries and data to avoid being judged by healthcare professionals, among others.

Thirdly, stigma may also prevent patients from seeking the necessary care especially when healthcare professionals stigmatize them. According to the study, many patients who are mentally ill anticipated stigma from their healthcare professionals, and this contributed to them not seeking care since their patient-provider relationship was compromised. An example is individuals who were blamed for bringing diabetes to themselves reported to reduce their frequency of eye health checks and AIC testing. These are just but a few negative impacts of stigmatization faced by individuals with diabetes. There could be others not mentioned here that are equally important.

Barriers Faced

Stigmatization is one barrier that diabetes patients face, there are other barriers they come across that affect them negatively. One barrier is a lack of knowledge about diabetes self-management practices. Self-management of diabetes individuals entails controlling their glucose levels, adhering to healthy lifestyle practices, and ensuring they adhere to their medication. Quite a number of people diagnosed with diabetes lack the knowledge of diabetes self-management practices. This means that they are not aware of what kind of diet they should eat and what they should do to ensure their glucose levels remains normal. This makes many of these patients diagnosed with the disease follow the wrong ways to manage their disease. However, a way to avoid this barrier is by ensuring when a patient is diagnosed with diabetes, they should be taught ways they should manage their illness by healthcare practitioners (Reddy et al., 2021). This can be done through counseling and the practitioner demonstrating how insulin should be injected into the body. Healthcare practitioners can also develop a timetable to show what kinds of foods diabetes patients should eat and drink.

The second barrier is financial constraints. Diabetes does not affect individuals equally not in terms of its severity but in terms of financial stress, it places on patients. There are many individuals living with diabetes that are unable to cope with the disease due to financial constraints. It is evident that many diagnosed with diabetes are low and middle-class families. This makes them less likely to afford cost-related medication, good housing, and foods required to ensure they manage the chronic illness. Difficulties in maintaining this costly lifestyle in order to manage diabetes have affected patients globally. A way to prevent financial constraints among diabetes patients is by seeking help from medicine-assistance programs and acquiring government health insurance. Also, hospitals should be able to provide free insulin bags and injections for people with diabetes as it is costly to buy them.

The third barrier is insufficient counseling. Many are times people living with diabetes suffer from stigmatization which later causes them to be depressed since they do not receive appropriate counseling that will help them overcome the stigma. Also, with less counseling, these individuals may experience eating disorders and anxiety. Therefore, after a patient has been diagnosed, it is crucial for healthcare practitioners to guide and counsel them on how they should avoid feeling stigmatized, self-care management, and social activities they should undertake to help manage the chronic disease. Frequent counseling is essential as it helps to keep the patient on track.

The fourth barrier is a lack of support from family members and friends. This is a major problem for diabetes patients and it may result in stress which later derails treatment. According to a study, those who do not acquire any strong social support report cases of health complications and poor eating habits causing high health risks. Therefore, social support is essential in that it helps them to manage their disease and in turn reduces the risk of diabetes-related hospitalization or even death, fewer psychological issues, and speedy recoveries (Thompson et al., 2015).

Impact on Family Members

Family members mainly take part in caring for and supporting their loved ones with diabetes. This may cause physical and emotional stress for the entire family including stress, exhaustion, and irritability. However, many changes take place for the family as well as individuals caring for people with chronic illnesses. Some major adjustments that family caregivers make when a loved one is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus include: First is how to manage financial resources. Financial resources have had a major impact on family members since they have to put some finances aside for medical treatment and healthy and nutritious foodstuff for the diabetic family member. Also, money is needed for frequent checkups and doctor’s appointments. This can be quite challenging and overwhelming for the family.

Second is the disruption of leisure activities and social exclusion. With a family member that is diagnosed with diabetes, then a lot of time is needed to care for the patient. This makes it difficult for the family caregiver to have time for themselves hence no leisure time or lack of engagement in social activities (Schiel et al., 2018). Social exclusion is often a part of having a chronic illness patient since family members will want to keep their loved ones close to ensure they are well cared for.

The third is increased role strains. It is crucial to understand that having chronically ill patients in the family means that more roles and responsibilities are required of them. Family members are often required to ensure their loved ones eat a healthy balanced diet, their glucose level is normal, and that they are mentally healthy. This mainly causes some levels of anxiety regarding the well-being of their loved ones. In addition, exhaustion is also caused since the family members are doing their level best to ensure the patient is doing well.

Things that can be done to assist family caregivers to provide care for their loved ones with diabetes include Emotional and mental support. It is vital to note that most family members often experience anxiety, depression, exhaustion, and stress as they care for their sick loved ones. All they need is mental and emotional support as they go through a lot of caring for their loved ones. This will help prevent them from being stressed or depressed.

Policy Support

A major national policy that supports persons living with diabetes mellitus is having private and public insurance coverage. The government has been able to provide insurance coverage for diabetes patients. This has helped individuals with diabetes both rich and poor to have access to medical facilities and medicine such as insulin that will assist in improving their health outcomes. The main goal of this policy is to provide care to patients with both high, medium, and low incomes and ensure better health outcomes.

Conclusion and Recommendations

Strategies that will help improve health outcomes for people living with diabetes mellitus include: One is closing gaps in preventive care. Diabetes is a chronic disease that primarily gives rise to other health complications such as cardiovascular disease, eye and hearing impairment, neuropathy, among others. Diabetes patients should be able to address these problems even before they arise to avoid further complications and costly when treating. This can be done by eating healthy, having blood pressure and cholesterol-lowering medication, etc. Therefore, closing this care gap is a vital step as it creates an effective care program for diabetes individuals.

The second strategy is having healthy lifestyle choices. People living with diabetes require some lifestyle changes that will keep them in good health. Living active lifestyles by doing physical exercises and eating a healthy nutritious diet is essential as it regulates blood sugar levels (Whittemore and Roy, 2002). It is essential to understand that lifestyle changes can also be extended to substance-related habits such as no cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Adhering to all these choices will help in the management of weight.

The third strategy is adhering to medication. For people living with diabetes, adhering to medication is a critical aspect in managing their condition and living a healthier life. Medical adherence is mainly linked to positive clinical outcomes. Therefore, when one does not adhere to their medication, there are increased chances of morbidity and mortality, with a great risk of cardiovascular issues.

References

Patra, S., Patro, B. K., Padhy, S. K., & Mantri, J. (2021). Prevalence of diabetes distress and its relationship with self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 30(2), 234.

Reddy, P. A., Saravanan, K., & Madhukar, A. (2021). A Study on Assessment of Attitude and its Impact on Practice in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Young Pharmacists, 13(4), 396.

Schiel, R., Bambauer, R., & Steveling, A. (2018). Technology in Diabetes Treatment: update and future. Artificial organs, 42(11), 1017-1027.

Thompson, V. L. S., Johnson-Jennings, M., Baumann, A. A., & Proctor, E. (2015). Peer-Reviewed: Use of Culturally Focused Theoretical Frameworks for Adapting Diabetes Prevention Programs: A Qualitative Review. Preventing chronic disease, 12.

Whittemore, R., & Roy, S. C. (2002). Adapting to diabetes mellitus: a theory synthesis. Nursing Science Quarterly, 15(4), 311-317.

Chief Information Security Officer

Student’s Name

Institutional Affiliation

Chief Information Security Officer

Summary of the Answers

Information security job descriptions have common aspects that are relatable to each of the organizations that have job openings looking forward to hiring chief information security officers (CISO), ISSO, or Cybersecurity officers. As such, the three companies in Australia have been able to identify the respective roles, once hired; the chief information officers will perform according to the identities job descriptions. Similarly, their similar patterns of the jobs identified in each organization. Though the job position is classified differently, they share similarities, in terms of how they coordinate with management of the organization. There is a need to improve and enhance the current systems of information security in the jobs they are applying for in the potential organization.

The AS/ISO27000 regulations provide a standardized procedure of roles and positions the information security experts ought to play in an organization. Similarly, neutralization techniques used by employees when they violate information security can be curbed using the principles of deterrence theory of punishment for crime. As such, the application of sanctions has been one of the viable forms of punishment to prevent employees who breach organization policy. Also, businesses should allow and improve user participation as a measure for limiting violation of security codes on the safety of information. Instead of depending on an individual expert to manage and implement information security systems, there is a need to involve more of members of the organization in solving security issues of information.

Q1.1

Summary of the Key Aspects of the Job

Perspecta Company has a job opening for Information system security officer (ISSO). The company is located in Larrakeyah Darwin’s city found in the Northern Territory of Australia (Careerone,2020). Also, there are pertinent requirement and responsibility for the position that an applicant ought to have. These requirements are not only in terms of credentials but also in experience and technical know-how. The company is looking for an applicant with the following set of skills: malicious code eradication, authorization and assessment of the company’s information system, and the configuration of the management in line with the security system. Also, the ISSOs should have the know-how of implementing common features of information security practices.

Apart from the ISSO position in Perspecta Company, the Melbourne CBD VIC located in the state of the Victoria is looking for the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO). The person should be able to implement and monitor the enterprise information by ensuring that it is secure. Also, the applicant should be in a position to work with the management to reduce and assess any risk related to data. The CISO should be a leader to guide the implementation team on better ways of enhancing cybersecurity. The salary for this job position is $25,000 for fulltime basis Adzuna(2020).  

Also, Peoplebank located in Sydney is looking for Cyber/Information Security officer to take the position with the following job description: implementation of business information and cybersecurity programs (Careerone,2020). Similarly, a person should be able to perform cybersecurity risks. The daily work routine includes performing a daily cyber risk assessment for the company and to ensure that the management information system is protected from the cyber-attacks. Also, the personnel should be in a position to advise the management on the necessary control and improvement of the current system information programs of the company. The estimated salary for the position is $ 1000.

Q1.2

There are recurrent patterns and aspects in the three job listings, which include the responsibilities and the job qualification that are required from the applicants. As such, the positing of the chief information security officer (CISO) and information system security officer are related in the sense that responsibilities and job descriptions are similar if not the same. For instance, the CISO is supposed to conduct a routine check on the organization’s information security system. The two positions have similar roles when it comes to implementation of the cybersecurity measures. As such, there potential applicant for this position ought to have a level of competency on cybersecurity and means of enhancing data of the company.

 Similarly, cybersecurity officer/ information security officer ought to have similar knowledge when it comes to the assessment of the cyber-attacks risks that a company might be facing. It is for this reason that the recurrent knowledge and technical know-how of the three job listings are applicable in the organizations that are hiring their services. The issues covered this semester are relatable to the job aspects in a way that the departments hiring the applicants have similar structure and organization in the security officer roles are linked to the management and other departments in the company. For this reason, CIO or the CISO ought to have leadership skills to help in the implementation of the security measures and data handling processes. Thus, information security is an integral part of the responsibility given to all the three job listings.

The AS/ISO27000 series standards are applicable to the job listings in the sense that it provides a guide for management standards and systems for information security. Similarly, the ISO 27000 series have provisions for the control of the information system in organizations.

The job listing listed when I used the keyword information security was not much different when I used cybersecurity. The search result had jobs with titles that are indicated information security in the job description. As such, cybersecurity was entailed in the information security job searches. Similarly, a chief security officer ought to have knowledge of cybersecurity since it is part and parcel of securing an organization’s data.

Question 2.1

The neutralization techniques used by the employee in violation of the information security entail fault-finding in the systems weak links. As such, the system under the control of the information security personnel is susceptible to such officer. As such, the employees use the weak links of the systems as neutralization technique of violating the information security codes of an organization (Siponen& Vance,2010). User participation is a threat to information security in instances where they fail to meet the required standards for maintenance of the security systems. Blame is usually attributable to the systems instead of the employee responsible for breaching the system.

Question 2.2

Businesses should put a stringent policy on security information for any employee who violates the information security codes designed by the company. Similarly, sanctions are applicable as a measure for using in curbing violations for information security. Siponen& Vance (2010), contend that sanctions are an apt technique that organizations can use, which resonates with the deterrence theory for the punishing people who commit crimes. User participation is has been regarded as a source of the employee neutralization techniques. However, it can as well serve a measure for reducing violation of the information security in instances where the uses are made aware of the consequence of violating the system. Most importantly, creating awareness among the employees will develop a sense of prioritizing to secure the information of the organization. Unlike an instance where the employee use system’s weak links to violate the policies and use them as neutralization, increased user participation will further involve more employees (Spears &Barki, 2010). I think with the most of the employees working together with chief information security officer there will be shared responsibility whereby each of the staff is equipped with the right information on how to handle the security issues that may arise. Also, in the absentia, if the chief information officer, other employees are able to coordinate with another department on the best approach to increase the security of the information.

Additionally, increased user participation translates to the involvement of the employees at the stages of planning and implementing the systems information security. As such, more stakeholders will have the technical know-how to safeguard the information rather than depending and entrust one person with all the information of the organization who might use for personal interest and gains. Thus, it is imperative to have increased user participation as a measure of ensuring information safety not only with the top company’s officials in charge of such positions and responsibilities but also the rest of the staffs within such an organization.

References

Adzuna(2020). Information system security officer (ISSO). Adzuna. Retrieved from https://www.adzuna.com.au/details/1465615842?se=LCsLghmO6hGVUhrHGWZC8A&v=E26B3E0994F43BAB24418B71607C3874037CDF96

Careerone.(2020). Chief information security officer. Careerone. Retrieved from https://www.careerone.com.au/chief-information-security-officer-jobs?jobview=db56a586-41a7-4418-bd8b-f208905c4c34

Siponen, M & Vance A9. (2010). Neutralization: New insights into the problem of employee information systems security policy violations.MIS Quarterly, 34(3), 487-502, A1-A12.

Spears, L &Barki, H. (2010).User participation in information systems security risk management.MIS Quarterly, 34(3), 503-522.

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk’s Reforms

Contents

TOC o “1-3” h z u Mustafa kemal Ataturk reforms after the independence war of Turkey PAGEREF _Toc381074707 h 2Social Reforms PAGEREF _Toc381074708 h 3Economic Reforms PAGEREF _Toc381074709 h 4Legal Reforms PAGEREF _Toc381074710 h 5How Mustafa kemal Ataturk made a modern country from the Islamic PAGEREF _Toc381074711 h 6

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was the founder of the First President of the Republic of Turkey. Mustafa was born in 1881 in Salonica (Selanik). During his military term, he served as a successful commander in 1912-1914, and further took part in the First World War in 1914-1918. In 1920, Mustafa opened a Turkish Grand National Assembly which allowed him to establish a new Turkish State, what was to be the center of Ankara. The Turkish forces under Ataturk were able to carry out an independence war against the allied powers where they won victories all over the country (Landau, 2009). In 1923, the independence of the new Turkish State became recognized by all the states after signing the Treaty of Lausanne. On October 29, 1923, Ataturk built a new vigorous state making him declare the new Turkish State to become a republic. However, as a result of declaration of the Republic, the caliphate was then abolished (Walker, Erol & Erol, 2006). In summary, the paper will discuss how Mustafa Kemal Ataturk built the Republic, his reforms after independence war of Turkey and how he made a modern country from the Islam.

As a young man, Mustafa was recognized as one of the members of the Young Turks that is a revolutionary movement of intellectuals. Mustafa was able to participate in the Young Turk Revolution, which successfully deposed Sultan Abdülhamid II in 1908 (Landau, 2009). During this period, he held a member of posts within the Ottoman Army, and from 1911 to 1912, he was involved in a fight against Italy in the Balkan Wars. In the second Balkan war, Mustafa Kemal was elected the chief of the staff after which he was posted at the Turkish embassy in Bulgaria. While in Bulgaria, Mustafa made a name for himself as the commander and in 1915, his bravery as well as, strategic powers allowed him to thwart the Allied invasion of the Dardanelles. In addition, Mustafa received several and repeated promotions until the when Armistice of Mudros ended the fighting in 1918. However, the battle came to an end, the treaty on the other hand, managed to give the Allies the right of occupying forts which controlled the major waterways and territory that seemed to have posed a threat to security. This forced Mustafa to organize a resistance to the forces in 1919, and when the Treaty of Servers was signed at the end of the World War 1, divvying up the Ottoman Empire, Mustafa demanded complete independence for Turkey; that is the new Turkish parliament and the Great National Assembly which was to engage in series of battles with the American forces and Greek. In 1923, Mustafa Kemal signed the Treaty of Lousanne. The signing of Treaty of Lousanne was important because it led to the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, and Mustafa Kemal appointed the First President of the Republic of Turkey.

Mustafa kemal Ataturk reforms after the independence war of TurkeyAs the President of the Republic of Turkey for 15 years, until his death in 1934, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was able to introduce a broad range of swift as well as sweeping reforms such as political, legal, economic, social, and cultural spheres which were virtually unparallel in any other country (Atatürk & Aksan, 2008). Mustafa achievements in Turkey were an enduring monument to him. This is because various emerging nations admired him as a pioneer of the national liberation. As a result, the world honored his memory as the foremost peacemaker who upheld the principles of the humanism as well as, the vision of a united humanity. In addition, Mustafa launched a programme of revolutionary political and social reform to modernize Turkey. The reforms included the abolition of all the Islamic institutions along with the introduction of Western legal dress, codes, calendar and alphabet. Other reforms included the emancipation of women and replacing the Arabic script with a Latin one (Atatürk & Aksan, 2008).

Social ReformsIn his quote; “The major challenge facing us is to elevate our national life to the highest level of civilization and prosperity,” Mustafa Kemals’ aim was to ensure that he modernized the Turkish life so as to give his nation a new sense of equality, dignity as well as, happiness (Atatürk & Aksan, 2008). After about three centuries of Mustafas’ achievement, the Ottoman Empire declined in early 17th and 20th Century. With many Sultans presiding over economic and social system, the Ottoman Empire State became hopelessly outmoded for the modern times. However, Mustafa managed to resolve the issues and led his country out of the crumbling into a brave new future (Walker, Erol & Erol, 2006). In his program to modernize Turkey, education and secular government played a significant role. He made religious faith be matter of individual conscience where he managed to create a truly secular system in Turkey, a place where the vast Moslem were majority while small Christians and Jewish minorities were allowed to practice their faith. As a result of Mustafa’s’ reforms, Turkey had full secular institutions (Atatürk & Aksan, 2008). This allowed the leader of modern Turkey aspired freedom as well as, equality for all. When Mustafa proclaimed the Republic, he said, “the new Turkish State is a state of the people and a state by the people.” However, after he had established an egalitarian and populist system, Kemal later observed; “We are a nation without classes or special privileges,” where he stressed the paramount significance of the peasants who were neglected during the Ottoman times, he quoted; “The true owner and master of Turkey is the peasant who is the real producer” (Atatürk & Aksan, 2008). Mustafa Kemal gave his nation a modern outlook by introducing many reforms. For instance, many women stopped wearing the veil and the calendar gave way to the Western calendar. Other social reforms included allowing all the citizens to take surnames. Conversely, there was a vast transformation which took place in rural and urban life (Landau, 2009).

Economic ReformsWhen Turkey became Republic in 1923, the state lacked industry, capital and know-how this is because successive wars had fully decimated manpower in the nation causing the agricultural production to stand at a low level, while the huge foreign debts of Ottoman state confronted the new Republic. Mustafa swiftly initiated a dynamic program of economic development in Turkey; he said “Our nation has crushed the enemy forces. But to achieve independence we must observe the following rule: National sovereignty should be supported by financial independence. The only power that will propel us to this goal is the economy. No matter how mighty they are, political and military victories cannot endure unless they are crowned by economic triumphs (Atatürk & Aksan, 2008). ” Kemal was so determined of doing whatever that will make his nation to be a better one; he undertook agricultural expansion, technological advancement as well as industrial growth to improve production in the economy. Various activities such as banking, manufacturing, housing, communication, mechanization and other mining activities were carried out. This caused the gross national product to increase in Turkey. It is also reported that the economic development of Turkey during Mustafa’s presidency was very impressive in absolute figures as compared to other countries. The synthesis which evolved during that time allowed the state enterprises as well as, the private initiatives to become active both in agricultural and industrial growth. These economic growths served as the basis of economic structure not only in Turkey, but also in other dozen of developing countries (Atatürk & Aksan, 2008).

Legal ReformsBetween 1926 and 1930, the Republic of Turkey managed to achieve legal transformation which could have required years in some other countries. For instance, the religious laws were abolished during Mustafa’s presidency where a secular system of jurisprudence was introduced (Atatürk & Aksan, 2008). In addition, the concepts, texts as well as, contexts of the laws were also made harmonious with the progressive thrust of Kamel’s Turkey. Among the far-reaching legal transformation were the new Civil Code based on Swiss, Business law based on Italian along with Penal Code based on German models. The legal reforms were significant because it made the citizens such as men and women, rich and poor to be all equal before the law (Landau, 2009). This therefore gave Turkey a firm foundation for the society of justice and equal rights.

Conversely, with regard to the women’s Rights, Kamel believed that everything seen in the world was creative work of women. Therefore, with the abiding faith in importance of women in the society, Kamel managed to launch reforms that gave the Turkish Women opportunities and equal rights. The new Civil Code which was adopted in 1926 was significant in that it abolished polygamy as well as recognizing the equal rights of women in divorce, inheritance and custody (Atatürk & Aksan, 2008). The other reform included change in educational system; that is from grade school to university level which became coeducational. Women were given the same opportunity as men recognizing the country as the world’s first women Supreme Court Justice. It is evident that in all walks of life, Mustafas’ Turkeys produced thousands of well-educated women who participated in the national life as doctors, engineers, teachers, administrators and lawyers (Landau, 2009).

How Mustafa kemal Ataturk made a modern country from the IslamicHowever the Turkey seldom figured in Islamic or Muslim disclosure, the nation remained five centuries as the center of the Muslim world until Mustafa abolished the Caliphate-office of the successors to Prophet Mohammed, the supreme politico-religious office of Islam, and symbol of the Turkey sultan’s claim to world leadership of all Muslims was abolished. Despite the fact that 98% of the Turkey’s populations were officially Muslim, only 20% of the population practiced Muslim (Walker, Erol & Erol, 2006). The Turkish government on the other hand, had more freedom to pursue policies which attacked Islamic Institutions. Under the guise of “cleaning Islam of political interference”, the educational system was finally overhauled. As, a result, Islamic education was banned in favor of secular and non-dogmatic schools. It is also evident that other aspects of religious infrastructure were as well torn down (Atatürk & Aksan, 2008).

References

Atatürk, K., & Aksan, A. (2008). Quotations from Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. London: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Turkey.

Clifford, M. (2002). The impact of Atatürk’s reforms abroad. İstanbul: Boğaziçi University.

Kinross, P. B. (2006). Ataturk: a biography of Mustafa Kemal father of modern Turkey. New York: W. Morrow.

Landau, J. M. (2009). Atatürk and the modernization of Turkey. London: Westview Press ;.

Sarıalp, A. (2006). Mustafa Kemal Atatürk: an outstanding universal advocate and promoter of human rights and world peace. London: aksu basim-yayin dağitim.

Walker, B. K., Erol, F., & Erol, M. (2006). To set them free: the early years of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. New York: Tompson & Rutter.