Childhood Development Theories Growing up, we lived in the suburbs.

Name:

Professor’s Name:

Course Code:

Date:

Childhood Development Theories.

Growing up, we lived in the suburbs. I have no recollection of what happened between the age of 18 and 24 months. When I was in my early childhood, between three and seven, I used to follow my father everywhere and would do everything he did. At this age, in every photo my father has a cap, I also have one and where he never wore one, I also did not. Between 7 and 11, I started going to school and was considered old enough to do errands and would not run somewhere just because I was asked to depending on my mood. From 11 years onwards, I was always doing stuff with my friends such as walking around the neighborhood together, swimming together and other such stuff. I remember diving into the deep end a few days after my eleventh birthday just to prove a point.

Using Piaget’s theory, in the preoperational stage, I could not understand that my father wore certain clothes depending on the weather. If he wore a jacket at the beach, I would as well! In the next phase, concrete operational, I did not have to ran and pant just because I was asked to “ran to the neighbors!” walking was enough as long as I went where I was asked. In the formal operational stage, I took a risky plunge into the pool because I did not want some fellows to think I was cowardly or weak. Abstract concepts became important.

Some of the incidents described above fit in Erikson’s theory as well. Deciding to walk during errands when I used to run before was me using my initiative to assert my power as in Initiative vs guilt. If I was drawn from something, I liked such as a game, I would walk even slower. Jumping into the pool was a classic example of me proving a point that I thought was important to my identity as in identity vs confusion.

My community has a variety of people from different backgrounds

Name

Professor

Course

Date

Question One

My community has a variety of people from different backgrounds. This is normally the cause of conflict due to different ideologies. America has a history of racism and stereotyping of cultures. This has led to the divide of its nationals in all aspects of life. As a student, I have been taught to fight for what I think is write and respect people with different views. This quality has been helpful for my relationship with the surrounding environment due to the removal of social barriers. Due to my ability to cope with different situations, I have been able to turn negative situations into positive situations. This in turn has improved my chances and opportunities in regard to my future success. It is difficult to maintain this dynamic due to the variety of uncontrollable circumstances. When the odds are against me I learn from the situation and try again so that I can achieve my goals.

Question Two

If I had the opportunity to found my own college, I would ensure that students receive the best form of education. This is not easy to achieve due to the high standards required to make this possible. In order for the college to be a success, the subjects need to be reflective of the goals and objectives set by the school. All topics are essential for the growth and development of students. The topic that I would ensure is part and parcel of the school curriculum is Social Ethics. Social ethics involves leaning about different cultures and societies so as to improve relations in the community. Having ethics is an essential quality to posses as a member of the community. The present society is prone to a number of injustices due to the lack of regard for the value life. Most people have at one point or another fallen victim to the cruelty of people in influential positions. This as a result has forced a majority of the society to succumb to the corrupt nature of their neighbours. For the country to move forward, individuals need to be educated on the significance of social ethics. This can only be effective if students are trained at an early age.

Question Three

A community consists of the gathering or coexisting of people who share the same goals and objectives in life. This however is not the case in a more complex population due to the different races, creeds and social classes. Communities have both similarities and differences due to the difference of opinions. Communities continue to change due to the change in the cultural ideologies. This in turn affects the perception of equity amongst members of the community. Equity involves providing justice and fairness for all citizens in society. This is unfortunately not the case in that a majority of the population is treated unfairly on a daily basis. The lack of equity in the community is felt through the improper distribution of resources by those in power. A community that achieves this element would improve the social, political, environmental and economic condition of its citizens. Equity for all is ideal so as reduce the amount of corruption, insecurity and unemployment in the country. This as a result will motivate all citizens to strive so as to achieve a better life for the future.

My Core Belief

My Core Belief

Student’s Name

University of Maryland University College

Pro:600 9046 Communicating, Problem Solving, and Leading in Professional Fields (2221)

Theresa Lechton

17 January 2022

My Core Belief

Throughout my educational and professional experiences, I have always prided myself on the core value of integrity. Integrity is the virtue of being honest, trustworthy, and having strong moral principles (Dunn, 2009). Having integrity implies that you know what is right and wrong, and people with integrity reliably do the right thing. I always admire any person with integrity since they possess a moral compass that does not waver. For me, integrity is internally based on the moral code of ethics that defines my brand. Having integrity has served me incredibly well in school and the workplace.

Having integrity as my core belief has significantly benefited me in school. I have always been practicing academic integrity ever since I joined the school. By definition, academic integrity refers to pursuing scholarly activity in an honest, open, and responsible way. As part of learning, we have many assignments and exams to complete. These exams and assignments are intended to assist learners in understanding their subject by requiring them to showcase how well they have engaged with and understood the materials covered in class through completing assessment tasks. I ensure that I do not practice any form of academic dishonesty, such as copying and paraphrasing my coursemates’ assignments. Some students think that copying their peers’ works is an easy way to complete their assignments. As such, they end up not completing their own assignments. To me, this is dishonesty, and my virtue of integrity can never allow me to practice such behaviors. Academic integrity has helped me understand the class content more. It has also made it much easier to study for my exams. Also, having integrity in school has allowed me to make trustworthy bonds with my tutors, peers, and everyone else around me.

Additionally, integrity has benefited me in my workplace. This quality has enabled me to build trust with my employer and workmates. Ever since my employer noted my integrity, they have also trusted my work and always considered me as a responsible person. They respect me for that, and I have been promoted occasionally as everyone trusts me and considers me capable of completing assigned tasks and meeting goals on time. I have also received positive comments from my supervisors, who enjoy working with me as they do not have to push me to do what is expected. My professional integrity has also benefitted the organizations have worked for. It has allowed me to work collaboratively with my colleagues, which has improved overall organizational performance and customers satisfaction.

Overall, integrity is a virtue everyone should practice. I have personally enjoyed its benefits. Academic integrity has made my learning experience fun and satisfying and has allowed me to get good grades in my exams. This has been achieved by ensuring that I complete all my class assignments and projects and adhering to the school rules and regulations. On the other hand, professional integrity has enabled me to become a trusted employee and build healthy relationships with my employers and colleagues.

References

Dunn, C. P. (2009). Integrity matters. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 5(2), 102-125.

Childhood Development Theories.

Name:

Professor’s Name:

Course Code:

Date:

Childhood Development Theories.

Growing up, we lived in the suburbs. I have no recollection of what happened between the age of 18 and 24 months. When I was in my early childhood, between three and seven, I used to follow my father everywhere and would do everything he did. At this age, in every photo my father has a cap, I also have one and where he never wore one, I also did not. Between 7 and 11, I started going to school and was considered old enough to do errands and would not run somewhere just because I was asked to depending on my mood. From 11 years onwards, I was always doing stuff with my friends such as walking around the neighborhood together, swimming together and other such stuff. I remember diving into the deep end a few days after my eleventh birthday just to prove a point.

Using Piaget’s theory, in the preoperational stage, I could not understand that my father wore certain clothes depending on the weather. If he wore a jacket at the beach, I would as well! In the next phase, concrete operational, I did not have to ran and pant just because I was asked to “ran to the neighbors!” walking was enough as long as I went where I was asked. In the formal operational stage, I took a risky plunge into the pool because I did not want some fellows to think I was cowardly or weak. Abstract concepts became important.

Some of the incidents described above fit in Erikson’s theory as well. Deciding to walk during errands when I used to run before was me using my initiative to assert my power as in Initiative vs guilt. If I was drawn from something, I liked such as a game, I would walk even slower. Jumping into the pool was a classic example of me proving a point that I thought was important to my identity as in identity vs confusion.

Childhood Obesity in America

Childhood Obesity in America

Name

Professor

Institution

Course

Date

Child obesity in America

Child hood obesity is currently prevalent in America making it a serious public health challenge in the 21st century. Over 43 million children in America are overweight.

Thesis

While there are many factors that cause child hood obesity, there are a lot of information about childhood obesity, this makes one wonder whether the information are facts or just misinformation

Obesity in children is part of their lifecycles

While most parent tend to think of their children as healthy as fit as fiddles, they argue that the fatness is just part of baby fat that their children will lose as they grow up. Some of the parent argues that their children do not take fatty food so their size is natural. According to …this is misconception because childhood obesity is not necessarily caused by food types that the children consume but there are other contributing factors such as unhealthful diet, lack of sleep, lack of activity as well as medication. In addition, the fact is that many children do not lose weight even as they go into teenage and may progress into childhood. Therefore, parent of obese children should not see it as baby fat because that is amiss conception and should seek proper intervention.

Obesity is genetic

On the other hand, many parents tend to think of obesity as a genetic condition that runs in the family and cannot be remediated. Parent argues that their parent was big, and there are big, so their children must be big because the plus size runs in the family. Body types are likely to be inherited, but obesity is not inherited. Most parent prepare the type of food that their parent fed them so it is also healthy to say that the cooking genes are theme. Additionally it is also advisable to argue that the salivary gland should be tamed, nevertheless, it is also important to have a healthy diet and regular exercise regime, this I only achievable by allowing children time to play as through play, the children improve their creativity, social skill as well as keep healthy.

Dominant obesity genes

Most parent fail to take action on the obese status of their children saying their children are obese and have the obesity genes, which they cannot correct. Additionally, the parent argues that their obese children will remain obese for the rest of their life. This is a very big misconception as these children once obese can shed some fats and will not necessarily remain obese their whole life. Some parent also RGUE that their children and responsible for their health, blaming a child for their obese status is wrong as it sets a mindset of shame and everlasting guilt. T this might lead to life time obesity in these children. Most children are obese because they learn bad habits from their parent while some parent fail to encourage their children to take up active life early in life.

While it is true that most children have a body mass index that is slightly higher than 95th percentile in comparison to children in the same age and of the same gender. It is important to note that most of the obesity “genetic obesity” is preventable through the right diet and exercise regime. Children with obesity are capable of shading more than 35% of their extra weight. This is mainly through exercise.

“Dieting” is the only Answer

Most parent in America try to put their children through rigorous dietary regime that involves the consumption of fad diets only. Though this may seem the best answer to consumption of snack and fast foods, it is not advisable to take fad diets that are commercialized in America.

The downside of this is never known to the parent of obese children because these fad diet lead to a quick loss of weight. These fad diets put a lot of stress on the Childs kidney and various internal organs. On the other hand, these diets never provide the appropriate nutrition that befits a growing child. Proper diet is a requirement for growing child as it helps in the development of skin, bones, teeth, hair and all other body parts. Most complication in life begins with poor diet and may be the cause of serious medical condition such as gallstones in the future life of children. Additionally, long term weight loss plan for children is important than short term plan.

Conclusion

Though weight loss is much safer and probably the most effective intervention, there are a lot of it than just exercise. Sustainable weight loss is important to the child than just one time weight loss, on the other hand, children should be taught about disciplined diet. Therefore, they stick to healthy diet and not diet, shunning fast foods as well practicing a lot. The current population is a sedentary population, this means that most of the pass time activities that children engage in are done either seated such as watching TV and playing video games, this can be blamed for the prevalence of obesity. Parent need to limit screen time and give their children with alternatives.

MY DIETARY ANALYSIS REPORT

MY DIET ANALYSIS PROJEC T

STUDENT NAME :

CLASS :

SUBMISSSION DATE :

INTRODUCTION

Nutrition is a broad term that entails taking food and into the body, followed by the absorption of the nutrients from these foods. Several dietary products are useful for the maintenance of proper functionality of body tissues and organs (Sizer 23). The major nutrients groups for any foods essential to the body of human being are proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, fibres, minerals and water. Furthermore, these nutrients are important in provision of energy for ensure growth, productivity and maintenance of healthy body thus creating a strong immunity against diseases.

However, rapid changes have craved in the dietary sector precisely attributed by the acceleration in industrialization, urbanizations and market globalization (Hauschka 126). These factors have severely contributed to changes in the lifestyle of many people, with a significant number adapting to sedentary manner of lifestyle. Consequently, these changes have rendered to emergence of intolerable health issues that call for quick action in the entire population so as to remain within the scope of the growth and development. For instance, in America the situation is worse and the campaign for the need of feeding health-wisely has been intensive ranging from both government and non-governmental organization. It is widely known that the with improvement of the living standards most of inhabitants, diverse food availability and the accessibility of many services; this has generated detrimental health issues as a result of decreased health activities, inappropriate dietary patterns and increased intake of tobacco and other food substitute drugs.

Human body requires a significant amount of energy in order to remain versatile in the aspects of life. This suggests the need of replenishing the entire the budgetary on our feeding styles. Carbohydrates are bears the stem of the source of energy in the body, and it availability is diverse in legumes, milk, cereals, fruits, nuts and in some vegetables (Wedman 44). According to research by World Health Organization (WHO), individuals should consume about 40-60% of total calories from carbohydrates. This nutrient is known to control the metabolism of proteins and facilitate proper digestion with the efficient removal of the wastes. Endurance performance such as chronic fatigue and poor performance by the athletes is also increased (Best 142).

Harvard School of Public health recommended about 133 grams of carbohydrates per day. Nevertheless, people have turned to be real cannibals in the consumption of carbohydrates and this has turned to be a major health issue. Obesity has been common as a result of consumption of carbohydrate rich food along other causes. Study by National Academy of Sciences indicates that over-consumption of the carbohydrates alleviates the level of glucose and insulin acts as antithesis in its bid to lower these levels; subjecting the consumers to greater urge of feeding more (Hauschika 98).

If an individual turns carbohydrate to be his daily bread becomes a major course in remaining energetic but the problem arises when taken inappropriately and in great amounts. Excess glucose is normally converted into fatty acids by the liver and stored in the body tissues as fat. This creates big possibility of becoming obese and therefore the behavior ought to be rescinded. Glycogen stored muscles is useful in ensuring that the players are strong for the entire scope of training (Clark 230). Depending on type activity the carbohydrates intakes ranges from 2.5-6.0 grams per pound of body. Fatty foods should be avoided since Dr Alves, of Meridian Health Centre points out that they limit the digestion.

Protein has been a popular nutrient out of its role in building and maintaining body muscles. They are made up of numerous numbers of amino acids. It has sources ranging from eggs, ground beef, chicken, fish, milk, peanut butter, yoghurt and cheese. It is truthful claiming that their availability is proportional to the critical roles they play in the body. They are known to have huge role in maintaining the composition of cell, rebuilding of damaged tissues and organs among other essential roles. Below are some few examples of proteins and their functions:

Phenylalanine hydroxylase- this is an enzyme that leads to formation of new

Molecules stored in the DNA.

Ferritin- is a protein component that binds and carries atoms throughout the body.

Immunoglobulin G- forms part of antibody that facilitates protection to the body.

The government of Canada recommends 0.8 grams of protein on daily basis to its citizens in order to be appropriate substitute of the high intake of carbohydrate products.

Fats are the third macronutrients necessary in person’s diet. They act as the supplement in the human body during the starvation period and thus sustaining life. At rest, our bodies still requires energy and at this time our bodies are sourced with this energy from the burning of fat in our bodies. The fat utilized for this purpose is usually the one in unsaturated state. These unsaturated fats include vegetable oil and soya whereas the saturated fats include butter and lard (Webb 220).

However, uncontrollable consumption of fatty meals has subjected people live in total grief out of cardiovascular diseases. The recommended intake of fat is ranges from 26-28% of the calories intake in the body. It should be understood that the fatty acids produces 9 calories per gram more than twice the number produced by carbohydrates or proteins. The major fatty acids highly appreciated for their roles in human body are linoleic and linolenic acid: Useful in controlling inflammation of body tissues, blood clotting and in development of brain.

The role of minerals in the health growth of human body can’t be overlooked. Important mineral nutrients such as the calcium, potassium, iron, copper and zinc are useful in maintaining health bone, marrows and teeth (Wedman 5). They also nourish the cells and trigger the release of enzymes to the locations required.

Water bears eminence purpose in the body since it helps in regulation of temperatures and thus a reliable coolant. Different activities in the body works best in controlled temperatures and this purpose is achieved by the help of this component. Water also offers a reliable mean of flow of nutrient as well as ensuring their transportation to different parts of body.

PROCEDURE

I applied MyDietAnalysis 3.5, a computer program that is highly reliable in analyzing the individuals’ daily nutrient intake. I filled systematically in different fields as indicated on My-Profile tab in the computer program. I entered various forms of dietary that I ate on daily basis for a period of seven days. This work was made efficient by applying a command from the program that highlighted all possible forms of foods.

The computer program listed all the food types that I ate versus the corresponding percentage of their nutrients. After making full evaluation of my daily intake of the nutrient, I had to go for a change and recorded new nutrient intake for another of seven days. I used the results from these two studies in constructing ideas about making my diet healthier.

Output

MyFoodList Report

Personal: Male 8/12/1990 5ft 9in 130 Ib

Day (s): Day1, Day 2, Day 3, Day 4, Day 5, Day 6, Day 7.

Activity level: active in entire session.

Weight change: record

BMI: obese-36. Normal ranges from 18-25.

Day 1

100.0g stir fried, potatoes, bagel-130

6.5 fl of coffee, Coca-Cola, tap water-56

2.0 cup short grains, rice, breast, burst-32

85.0g plain nuts, vegetables, Chinese rice, carrots, avocadoes-200

18.0 g sandwich, bananas, French fries dish, soda cola, fast food, fresh orange-58

Total: 476

Day 2

110.0 g chicken, beans, carrots, hamburgers, black forest, bananas (USTD-Y)-230

10.5 g soda, coca cola, brew wines, breast, med, salad, apples-100

7.0 fl of salad, juices, mashed mangoes, tap water, marina-21

118.0 g pizza, salad, yoghurt, juices, chicken-320

Total: 671

Day 3

19.0 g sausage, cheese, 2 pieces of chick, bread, whole wheat, milk-98

120.0 g cassava, mallo, maize, breast-245

4.0 cup milk, apple, cola, brewed water-78

230.0 g fish, tropical, seeds, snickers, candy-580

Total: 1,001

Day 4

8.0 cup millo, apple, chocolate, cod, lowfat, calorie-45

18.0 fl of juice, corn, polish, pasta, chedder-76

35.0 g pork, beef, soya, menthol, spruce-135

132.0 g eggs, pizza, sausage, pasta, kernel, coffee-450

Total: 706

Day 5

29.0 g bread, chedder, cola, bagel, pasta, edible, casdia-230

4.0 cup coffee, menthol, barrel, hamgerger, firrel, asoinins-130

34.0 g honey, blend, splash, carrots, corn-121

3.0 cup milk, indigo, ofrion, osioen-47

1.0 coffee, tap water, salad, millo-24

Total: 552

Day 6

100.0 g maize juice, mango juice, sauce, sugar, tomatoes-245

20.5 g orchestra, olive, sunflower, pumpkins, nuts-88

24.0 g maycorn, seed, chocolate, onion, brew-201

2.0 fl mallo, snicker, pasta, chedder, drionions-45

8.0 fl bagel, peponi, carrot juice, wine-68

Total: 293

Day 7

1.0 soda, cola, candy bar, juice-45

2.0indigo, pasta, orange, cola-68

3.0g apple, salad, mallo, coffee, butter-88

4.0cup yoghurt, peach, juice cola, saturated calorie-92

Total: 293

Grand Total: 3,992

Item average: 112

Day average: 570

Sources of calories

Protein 12%

Carbohydrates 58%

Fat 30%

Alcohol 2%

Sources of fat

Diso fat 20%

Mono fat 32%

Poly fat 18%

Unsaturated fat 8 %

Questions

What diet would improve your nutrition?

The report generated indicated that I have much to do in order to remain on the safer side in connection to health. Most noticeable is the degree of lowering intakes of carbohydrates and supplement with vegetables and proteins. The report suggests that I do not take the appropriate types of food and this has triggered the imbalance attained. Besides, it is evident that I tend to overfeed and still I manage a poor eating schedule.

In addition to this, there is clear likelihood of being deficient of vitamins and fibres. This is proven from the poor intake of vegetables (at less than 30%) yet they are highly advocated to constitute vitamins and minerals. The report also suggests of the need of monitoring the intakes of fatty food as I can admit that I used to consume salads and cheese in most cases. 32% of my daily intakes consisted of mono fats and less than 10 % represented the vitamins intake.

What recommendations I had in terms of physical activities?

I analyze my lifestyle and am convinced that I have adopted sedentary lifestyle; thus I have to apply tactical skill to enable me reduce the weight and maintain fitness. I need to be engaged in rigorous exercises such as running up the hills, playing football and develop a habit on taking a walk in order to reach for a service instead of using a vehicle. The report shows that I have a poor intake of nutritious food and thus I have to resent on the bad habits. Still, I consider to be cycling during my leisure hours in order to maintain my bones and muscles strong.

Summary

It is evident that I have a poor diet budgetary despite the attempts to feed on different types of foods. Occasionally, I limits myself in feeding vegetables and fruits; opting for quick food. Even though I didn’t record high amounts of food daily, there is that aspect of overfeeding particularly in fat rich foods. Nevertheless, the supplement of watery food element remains to be critical for proper functioning of digestion process thus inhibiting serious health problems.

Conclusions

In conclusion, I understand of the need of checking at the food labels so as to keep off from fat loaded food. From the literature, these foods are supported by terms such as “hydrogenated” or “partially hydrogenated” hence not the best to consume. I need to choose protein rich foods such as soy and skinless chicken and at the same time avoid plenty of animals’ products such as eggs, cheese, fatty meats and milk.

It is also important to have a healthcare adviser who would be checking my cholesterol levels and offer consecutive guides. After all, for a healthy living we need to consume nutrients rich foods.

References

Sizer, Frances S, Leonard A. Piché, and Eleanor N. Whitney. Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies. Toronto: Nelson Education, 2012. Print.

Wedman, Betty, and art Kirchhoff. Nutrition: Steps to Healthy Living. St. Louis, MO: Milliken Pub. Co, 2006. Print.

Clark, Nancy. Nancy Clark’s Sports Nutrition Guidebook. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2008. Print.

Hauschka, Rudolf. Nutrition: A Holistic Approach. East Sussex: Sophia Books, 2002. Print.

Webb, Frances S, and Eleanor N. Whitney. Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2012. Print.

Best, Carolyn. Nutrition: A Handbook for Nurses. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K: Wiley-Blackwell, 2008. Internet resource.

My dilemma

Student’s Name

Professor

Course

Date

My dilemma: A library patron has a list of books from his minister that he wants to have removed from the library because they are inappropriate and dangerous for children.

Removal of books which are inappropriate and dangerous for children from the library.

It is the responsibility of adults to ensure that children are not exposed to materials that may jeopardize their morals and expose them to engage in unwarranted behavior. However, it is important to note that every person is entitled to access reading materials unless they are pervasively inappropriate. Although book stores and libraries have the power to ban books from their shelves, this can be done if there is a complaint from an individual or a parent challenging their removal. Librarians may oblige to their removal or decline the invitation if they feel that the book is not pervasively inappropriate (Pray and Lee, 417).

Library Bill of Rights.

According to the American Library Association, libraries should be a source of information and ideas and it should be guided by policies outlined in the Library Bill of Rights. Libraries are required to provide all materials present information that is of interest to readers and library users. Libraries are also entitled to challenge censorship that may affect how they discharge their responsibility of providing information to the library users. One of the most important policy outlined in the Library Bill of Rights is the person’s right to use libraries. No one should be denied the opportunity to use the materials in the library because of the background, origin, age or views (Berninghausen and David, 1970). Another important interpretation presented in the Library Bill of Rights is the issue of challenging resource. The interpretation stipulates that every library should provide a clearly defined policy that guides the selection of the materials stocked on its shelves (American Library Association, 2016).

Access to library resources and services for minors.

According to article V of the Library Bill of Rights, every person is entitled to access information or materials in the library and they should not be discriminated on the account of their background, origin, age or views. Therefore, minors have the right to access materials in the library. Libraries are charged with the responsibility of ensuring that members of the community they serve have access of reading materials and information in different stages of their development and therefore, it is inappropriate to deny people this right on the account of age. Further, removing materials from the shelves of the library with the pretext of protecting children amounts to denying other people the right the access this materials (Chapin and Betty, 21).

One of the ALA code of ethics mentions that “we uphold the principles of intellectual freedom and resist all efforts to censor library resources.”

Members of ALA are committed to ensure that no one is denied the chance to access reading materials irrespective of their age and their social background. The body is committed to ensure that all libraries conform to the Library Bill of Rights (American Library Association, 2016).

Solution to the challenge of managing the materials that can be exposed to minors.

The Library Bill of Rights requires that libraries allow readers to access reading materials and other information that interests them without any discrimination. The librarian cannot make a decision of withdrawing reading materials from the shelves with the pretext that they are protect the children from dangerous and inappropriate materials. The best solution to achieve protect children is to initiate a process of challenging the materials or banning them all together. This will bring on board all the stakeholders who are interested with the matter to find and common ground for the best interest of the children. If the stakeholders agree that the materials are not appropriate for the consumption of children, they will have the liberty to remove them from the shelves (Wiegand and Shirley, 1996).

Annotated Bibliography.

American Library Association. “Library bill of rights.” (2016).

The American Library Association is a body that deals with all the issues related with libraries in the United States. The Body has regulations that guide how libraries should contact themselves and they should treat the people seeking the information from the libraries. The association also interprets the rights that have been stipulated in article V. The Association has also ensured that the rights of all the people have been taken care. This includes people living with disabilities and children. The American Library Association in a body with constitutional powers and therefore, they have the authority to interpret the Library Bills of Right.

American Library Association. “ALA code of ethics.” (2016).

One of the code of ethics stipulated in the ALA code of ethics intimate that the body upholds the right of every citizen in the country to access information and reading materials in the library. No citizen who is interested in getting information should be denied a chance to access information on the account of the age or origin. Equally, every person who is interested in accessing any material available in the library should have a chance to access the information. Anyone who is not interested in any material available in the library have the autonomy to challenge them without any restriction. This can be solved through a due process and if the materials are found to pervasively inappropriate, they can be removed from the library. American Library Association is a body that deals with matters that relate to the libraries in the country and have the ethics that guide how the members conducted themselves.

Berninghausen, David K. “The librarian’s commitment to the library bill of rights.” (1970).

Librarians must be committed to ensure that the rights of readers and other people who are interested in using the library materials have access without any huddle. People should not be discriminated on the account of age or their backgrounds. The law provides that the rights of people person should be respected including young children and people living with disabilities. In many states, librarians have shown their commitment to ensure that all the rights that have been prescribed in the Library Bill of Rights are observed.

Chapin, Betty. “Access to electronic information, services, and networks: An interpretation of the library Bill of Rights.” Teacher Librarian 26.5 (1999): 21.

According to article V of the Library Bill of Rights, all people are allowed to access information and other materials of their interest in the library without discrimination. The law stipulates that people should not be discriminated on the account of age, origin, and their background. Chapin and Betty in their document preview interpret what this section of the law means and what are the rights of the people who are allowed to access information and other reading materials in the library. On the account of age, Chapin and Betty mention that children should not be discriminated and that they should have equal rights just like adults to access materials and other information in the library. The law presupposes that if materials will be removed from a library with the pretext of protecting children from inappropriate materials, then other people who may be interested in those materials will be denied their right of accessing information and this is against the law. Chapin and Betty are people who work in a learning environment and the have the authority of interpreting what the law stipulates on the account of the right to access materials and information in a library.

Pray, Lee. “What Are the Limits to a School Board’s Authority to Remove Books from School Library Shelves.” Wis. L. Rev. (1982): 417.

The article “What Are the Limits to a School Board’s Authority to Remove Books from School Library Shelves” is a product of Hein-Online which is a resource center that contains scholarly and journals the touch on legal matters that have been determine in court regarding various issues. In this article, Pray talks about the limitation that librarians can have in making decision on the books or reading materials to be removed from the shelf of a library. Pray cites the first amendment which gives all the people the right to read and get all the information of interest from libraries without discrimination.

Wiegand, Shirley A. “Reality bites: The collision of rhetoric, rights, and reality and the library bill of rights.” (1996).

Wiegand and Shirley confronts the reality that most librararians grapple with from time to time. In most cases, there could be materials that are deemed inappropriate for the consumption of young children and librarians may be tempted to remove them from the shelves but the law stipulates that every person who was to access reading materials have the right to access them irrespective of the age. Therefore, it is an issue that librarians have little control but they can use another means to ensure that children do not get exposed to obscene materials. This can be achieved by involving all the stakeholders and challenging the materials or initiating ban which must be supported by all the stakeholders to succeed.

CHESAPEAKE BAY AND NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

CHESAPEAKE BAY AND NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

Student’s name

Instructor

Department of affiliation

Course

Date

The Chesapeake Bay and New England colonies

Colonialism had its way of making the people of a nation or a place get better or even worse in their social life, economic status, education level, among many other aspects of the lives of the people. Dutch, English, French, and Spanish colonies shared one thing in common: they were all European colonizers. At the same time, other aspects like the manner and the method of colonization were different.

Each of these countries had its government and leadership manner, which was presumably forced onto the colonized people. For example, England’s colonies were made to believe that their leader at that time of colonization was queen Elizabeth and new leadership was introduced to replace the old leadership.  The Chesapeake Bay was a colony of the Britons, which included two parts. The dominion and territory of Virginia, after some time it was referred to as the commonwealth of Virginia, and the province of Maryland was later referred to as Maryland (Rowse, 1955). This was a British colony, and most of the Britons died immediately upon arrival due to diseases like malaria (Jones, 1972).

The New England colonies were Rhode Island, Connecticut Island, Massachusetts, Plymouth, and Hampshire, among other minor territories. The colonizers, in this case, the Britons referred to as the puritans were involved in making sure that the people got an education to read the bible. They also made sure they were able to engage in commerce to benefit the Britons economically. Generally, everything done for those colonized was done with a desire to serve and make sure that the colonial power in both of the above cases, which were great Britain, was felt (Rowse, 1955).

However, there was a significant difference between New England and Chesapeake Bay residents as those in New England enjoyed better lives than those in the Chesapeake Bay. One instance of difference can be the water whereby the water in New England was very clean while the one in Chesapeake was not clean (Jones, 1972).

In conclusion, therefore, we can see how there was a big difference in the individuals’ livelihoods in New England and those in Chesapeake bay due to the different t ways these two areas were colonized.

References

Jones, A. H. (1972). Wealth estimates for the New England colonies about 1770. The Journal of Economic History, 98-127.

Rowse, A. L. (1955). American Colonisation. In The Expansion of Elizabethan England (pp. 206-237). Palgrave Macmillan, London.

CHICK FIL A MEAL CALORIES

CHICK FIL A MEAL CALORIES

STUDENT NAME

INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATION

My weight usage as shown in the calculation is 130 kg whereby a 1.2 K call calculated with my weight equals 154Kcal/hr. In relation to the Chick fil A, that is a popular meal whose sand which contains 440 calories on can opt to buy an Lg fry with calories of 550 together with a BBQ of 45 calories developing a total of 1335 calories. The physical movement of an individual is comprised of the level of one’s physical activity and for a health and good living, adults need to do at least two hours of rigorous physical activity. Improving fitness and reducing heart disease. 154Kcal/hr represents the total number of calories and fat that is contained in my choice of meal calculated against my body weight to bring a total of 1335 calories. The fat calories consumed from my meal calculations show a total of 49 from the fry with 32 and sandwich with 17 with no fat calories present from the lemonade and BBQ. The total calories from saturated fat in the sandwich is 4 with the fry being 5 hence a total of 9. The total calories of fat consumed are 33% as saturated fat total calories consumed are 6.1 %.

Observation from the calculation is that the consumption of calories is in line with the eating well guidelines that shows daily consumption of calories should be up to 2500 calories in a day. To lose one pound every one 1335 calories per week is recommendable. The physical activity levels guide one’s consumption of calories that should be in check and balanced throughout the daily meals (Weil,2001). Through one’s eating patterns and diet my calories consumption might be adjusted to fit a 39% fat and 48% of saturated fat that will show a break down of calories into breakfast, lunch and dinner. One ensures that without the encompassing of fruits at breakfast the calories would sum up to 234 calories, 345 calories for lunch and snacks carrying out 372 calories with 0 calories in dinner.

In regard to my physical activity, my amount of walking that is 2.6 kcal/min is significantly larger and much higher than the normal walking of a flat surface thus infrequent. This shows that I exceed the current value that would require me to do and keep at least two hours in a week of rigorous physical activity to keep my balance in check (Norgan,1992).

References

Norgan, N. G. (Ed.). (1992). Physical activity and health (Vol. 34). Cambridge University Press.

Weil, A. (2001). Eating well for optimum health. Knopf.

Muslim Brotherhood Is it a Terrorist Faction

Muslim Brotherhood: Is it a Terrorist Faction

Student’s Name:

Institution:

Muslim Brotherhood: Is it A Terrorist Faction

1.0 Introduction

The Muslim Brotherhood group is one of the main Islamist sects in the North Africa and Middle-East. Its function in the prospect of world governments warrants careful thought in relation to rampant terrorists movements spread all over the planet. This paper is going to argue that the Muslim Brothers as a terrorist group. It is going to argue that the practices employed by the group are in contrary to the Islamic religion. The study will compare the practices of the Islamic brotherhood and the Islamic practices. Such a comparison will bring out distinctive differences and it can prove that it is a terrorist group. Both normative and descriptive analysis of Muslim Brotherhood and Muslim religion with a view of looking at practices, governance, organization, and strategies is employed. The normative and descriptive analysis study is employed because it presents in-depth analysis of the situation. This will help bring a balance to either suggest or prove that Muslim brotherhood exist as a terrorist group.

The paper is going to employ analysis of secondary sources where journals, magazines, books, and research papers are going to get scrutinized. In both the instances, the issues arising are going to be highlighted. Discussion of findings on the matters emanating from the analysis will be made, and the way forward drawn to give a direction that requires action, as well as the conclusion. The outcome is going to be of great significance in that evaluation of issues is going to be established and is going to allow all concerned take up security issues very seriously in relation to the group activities.

2.0 History and Background of the Muslim Brotherhood

2.1 Hassan Al-Banna

He is the founder of the Brotherhood group. He was born from a poor background family in Egypt and trained as a school teacher. In 1998, he established the Muslim Brotherhood that was taken as the first movement fundamental in modern Islam. During his childhood era, he got attracted to intolerant characteristics of Islam that was fierce to the secularism of the western world. They were angry and against the western world and fought for the rights of women. Their anguish was in considerable part a response to the downfall of the Ottoman Kingdom, the conclusion of the Muslim-Caliphate, the British position of Egypt, and the causing revelation of Arab civilization to Western ideals. According to him, the expiration of the Caliphate, even though emanated by nonspiritual Muslim-Turks, was irreverence in contradiction of Islam for which they accused the non-Muslim-West.

Muslim Brotherhood was established as a club so as to strike against the western world. They preached the necessity of reforming the Arab civilization. Later, the society expanded and entrenched in its goals the need of going back to the Islamic values. Among their aims was advocating of the education, health, equalities, resource management, and increasing conflicts. He was against the European Marxism. As the group extended, the leader had the dream of restoration. He had a conviction that the dream could only be possible by means of the sword-an idea taken very well with the followers. He preached the need for Muslims to return to the origin of Islamic roots and his speeches was inflammatory advocating for the resumption of the great holy-war against non-Muslim world. This led to him creating the Holy war document.

The first step was the “the great Arab revolt”-a translational terrorism in between 1936-1939 when the Islamic leaders as well as the Muslim Brotherhood incited the supporters for a three year war on the Palestinians as well as to the British was set up the mandate. By 1936 the group had more the 800 supporters and the membership had expanded to more than 20,000 by 1938 just two years into the revolt movement. The group had a planned and organized leadership in that they set up mosques, schools, factories, clubs, health facilities, and welfare associations. The leader, Al-Banna created secrets cells, trained, and stole weapons. In the group they train persons in different rank as the police and waited for orders to go public. They organized suicide and assassination missions.

In Nazi Germany, Reich presented them with power and connection. It grew stronger and Al-Banna created an ideology of overshadowing Hilter Nazism. The two had varied opinions but worked together-to the Nazis, the Aryan must rule, and to Al-Banna, the Muslim religion must hold dominion. They both were against nationalism and wanted liquidation of states. They both had a totalitarian figure leading their followers to different parts of the Arab world advocating for a society of believers as well as a master race. Through these, other alliances erupted and among the alliance are the Mein Kampf and Der Sturmer. In the World War II, both Hitler and Mussolini together with AL-Banna supported each other with the aim of fighting against the British. The intelligence arm of the Brotherhood gathered information on the leadership of the Cairo regime so as to fight it back. The Palestine issue on the United Nation front to end the war, al-Banna and Amin al-Husseini was against it and wanted the Arab world to come together to oppose it-leading the “Jewish world conspiracy.” The Prime Minister Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha declared the group illegal and disbanded causing incarceration of many group members. Pasha got assassinated by the Brotherhood member. In 1949, Al-Banna was assassinated in Cairo in the street when he was waiting for a taxi on the grounds that he was one of the activists against the reigning regime.

2.2 Sayyid Qutb

For the majority part of his life, Qutb’s inward companions mostly comprised of compelling legislators, learned people, writers and artistic figures, both of his age and of the former era. By the mid-1940s, huge numbers of his compositions were authoritatively among the curricula of schools, universities and colleges.

Despite the fact that a large portion of his perceptions and feedback were leveled at the Muslim world, Qutb is additionally known for his serious dissatisfaction with the general public and society of the United States, which he saw as fixated on realism, viciousness, and sexual pleasures.Views on Qutb fluctuate broadly. He has been portrayed by supporters as an extraordinary mastermind and saint for Islam, while numerous Western onlookers see him as a key originator of Islamist ideology. Others in the West accept Qutb is a persuasion for vicious gatherings, for example, Al Qaeda. Today, his supporters are distinguished as Qutbists or “Qutbi” (by their adversaries, not without anyone else present).

He assimilated his involvements with the Nasser administration and its oppressive activities. It was grounded on his understanding of the Qur’an that assisted as direction for his concept of a frontline to create Islamic revitalization in the Muslim biosphere. He trusted that every characteristic of life is concentrated on obeying God’s spiritual will by internalizing the Islamic philosophies of tawhid (there is no God but Allah) and hakimiyyat Allah (God is supreme on earth). All Muslims need to be persuaded of these Islamic philosophies and use them in their manner of life. From Qutb’s viewpoint, contemporary living had guided Muslim civilizations to jahiliyyah (unawareness of the celestial direction) by submitting to worldly frontrunners or powers that be in place of God. Hence, Qutb and his factions called for takfir (ex-communication) of Muslims behind jail powers. It necessitated announcing them as kafir (non-believer). The Cubists professed themselves as an Islamist frontline crusade of true supporters. These extremists thought that the utilization of ferocity was genuine so as to combat all impacts of a jahili culture and start an Islamic nation. Even the notion of jihad was not omitted from attaining this objective. Al-Hudaybi and the associates of his Leadership Council foretold detrimental penalties to the Muslim Brotherhood if the association trailed Qutb’s opinions. The Muslim clerics gave substitute deliberations of the three main notions of deep-rooted Islamist understanding. Foremost, the notion takfir lost significance if employed to judge a person or an entire humanity, since the conviction of faith (shahada) was taken as the only binding attitude in defining whether an individual is a Muslim or not. Once an individual confesses his faith, he should be acknowledged as a Muslim and become part of the Muslim society except he openly rejects faith. Hence, no human being is capable of giving a ruling on another person belief or announces a Muslim, a kafir. The ruling, as well as the forgiveness of iniquities, is up to God. Thus, involvement in Islamist involvement, of whatsoever type, cannot decide whether a person is a supporter or not. Additionally, the Sayyid Qutb’s ideas point out that Islamic researchers like Abul Ala Mawdudi were incorrect in their postulation that the human malfunction has directed to misinterpretation of the Sunna and Qur’an. The motive is that the word of God, given in the Qur’an, was not once lost and continually exists to Muslims. In that way, a century-long misapprehension of the greatest vital Islamic literatures must be omitted as the cause for the existent of a jahili association. The scholars determined that Mawdudi’s deduction concerning the idea of jahiliyyah was improper, and therefore took away another philosophical basis of the extremists.

Lastly, the concept of God’s total dominion on the planet was evaluated. The preachers evaluate that Islamic decree, sharia, are not permanent but give room for suppleness and presents men a capability of decision-making in the guideline of societal existence (self-will). As long as this self-will does not disrupt religious responsibilities, it does not test divine supremacy or God’s dominion. Moreover, employing God’s decree to Muslims’ every day existences is significant and ultimate. They disputed that it will be too far realization to bring into line worldly laws in an inflexible manner according to the code of God’s dominion and sharia with no additional excogitation.

Both literatures signify the contrasting sides of the un-bridgeable ideological breach amid the extremist and modest factions. There was no opportunity for concession or likelihood of reconciliation. Amalgamation was not a choice. Therefore, the focus on Muslim Brothers concerning whether to go along the reasonable or the extremist path lied on the extremists themselves. They get members to imprison themselves no knowing to select the non-violent substitute to the extremist and inflexible pathway of the Qutbists. There were only a few extremist disciplinarians that might be persuaded to return to the reasonable fold. Eventually, this philosophical head-to-head compelled all Muslim Brotherhood members to make a choice for or against bigger extremism. It turns out to be obvious that al-Hudaybi and Qutb followed the similar objective of an Islamic national by dissimilar methods, based on their philosophical stand-point — training versus aggression.

2.3 Terrorism during and after Mohammed Morsi regime

Taking after the 2011 Egyptian turmoil and fall of Hosni Mubarak, the Brotherhood was legalized and was from the start and became extremely effective, overwhelming the 2011 parliamentary election and winning the 2012 presidential outcome, before the armed force tumbled President Mohamed Morsi after a year, and took action against the Brotherhood.

On 30 April 2011, it propelled another gathering called the Freedom and Justice Party, which won 235 of the 498 seats in the 2011 Egyptian parliamentary outcome, significantly more than other parties. The gathering rejected the “appointment of ladies or Copts for Egypt’s administration”, however not for bureau positions. The Muslim Brotherhood’s competitor for Egypt’s 2012 presidential choice was Mohamed Morsi, who crushed Ahmed Shafiq—the last PM under Mubarak’s standard with 51.73% of the vote. Some abnormal state supporters and previous Brotherhood officials have repeated danger to Zionism, albeit amid his fight Morsi himself guaranteed to remain for tranquil relations with Israel. Inside a brief time, genuine open resistance created to President Morsi. In late November 2012 he “briefly” conceded himself the ability to administer without legal oversight or survey of his demonstrations, in light of the fact that he required to “ensure” the country from the Mubarak-time power structure. He likewise put a draft constitution to a submission that adversaries grumbled was “an Islamist coup.” These issues—and concerns over the indictments of writers, the unleashing of ace Brotherhood possess on peaceful demonstrators, the continuation of military trials, new laws that allowed detainment without legal audit for up to 30 days, and the appearing exemption given to Islamist radical assaults on Christians and other minorities brought a huge number of nonconformists to the roads beginning in November 2012.

By April 2013, Egypt had “gotten to be progressively isolated” between President Mohammed Morsi and “Islamist partners” and a resistance of “moderate Muslims, Christians and liberals. Adversaries blamed Morsi and the Muslim Brotherhood for looking to force issues happen, while Morsi’s partners say the restriction is attempting to destabilize the nation to destroy the chosen leadership”. Adding to the agitation were extreme fuel deficiencies and power blackouts which confirmation recommends the consequence of Morsi’s botch of the economy.

On 3 July 2013 Mohamed Morsi was captured and kept by the military, following a prevalent rising of a large number of Egyptians requesting the abdication of Morsi. There were additionally restricted counter-challenges in backing of Morsi. On 14 August, the military announced a month-long highly sensitive situation and initiated assaults against Brotherhood challenge settlements. Roughness heightened quickly and prompted the passing of in excess of 600 individuals and harm of in the range of 4,000, the most exceedingly terrible mass killing in Egypt’s present day history. In countering Brotherhood supporters robbed and blazed police headquarters and many churches. The crackdown that took is the most noticeably bad for the Brotherhood’s association “in eight decades”. On that day Supreme Leader Mohammed Badie was arrested, crossing a “red line”, as even Hosni Mubarak had never captured him. On 23 September, a court announced that the gathering is prohibited and its benefits seized. Prime Minister, Hazem Al Beblawi on 21 December 2013, announced the Muslim Brotherhood as a terrorist association after an auto bomb tore through a police assembling and killed more than than 14 individuals in the city of Mansoura, which the legislature faulted for the Muslim Brotherhood, nevertheless no proof and a Sinai based dread gathering guaranteeing obligation regarding the attack. On 24 March 2014, an Egyptian court sentenced 529 parts of the Muslim Brotherhood to death. By May 2014, more or less 16,000 individuals (and as high as more than 40,000 by one free count), for the most part Brotherhood parts or supporters, have been detained since the coup.

2.4 The Controversy

Before the ideal time in power, the Muslim Brotherhood (Ikhwan) and its united Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) were the subjects of contention, which proceeded after the July 2013 military overthrow. Numerous endeavors to undermine the association started after the solid execution of Muslim Brotherhood associated between the 2005 parliamentary choices, when the Mubarak administration’s state media called the Brotherhood secret and illegal. These debates would keep amid Morsi’s chance in power. For instance, the Muslim Brotherhood made various strides that were exceptionally dubious furthermore assented to or upheld crackdowns by the military amid Morsi’s presidency. Amid the Muslim Brotherhood’s opportunity in force, as a rule the association’s activities seemed to play into the negative generalizations that numerous Egyptians had of the association. Case in point, before the unrest, the Muslim Brotherhood’s supporters showed up at a challenge at Al-Azhar University wearing military style fatigues, and the Mubarak administration censured the association for beginning an underground militia. During now is the right time in power, the Muslim Brotherhood did without a doubt attempt to secure outfitted gatherings of supporters and looked for authority authorization for its parts to be armed. Therefore, a large number of the activities of the Muslim Brotherhood helped the picture that faultfinders of the association were attempting to pass on. On the other hand, it ought to additionally be noted that there was critical media scope from stations, for example, only that could be contended to have been some piece of a huge exertion – whether composed or awkward – to attack the association.

2.5 The differences between Islamic brotherhood practices and Islamic practices

Where the Brotherhood contrasts is in its system for confronting the test of advancement. Affected by the instructing of Sayyid Qutb, it embraced a method for change which captivates deliberately with the cutting edge world and creates arrangements which captivate with innovation in every measurement of life. The Brotherhood is more beguiling in dialect and appearance than Islamic practices. Islamic practices have a tendency to be separatist and can give the impression of being centered upon individual religious devotion, which differentiates them from the individuals who don’t impart their convictions. Islamic practices likewise have a tendency to talk utilizing devout religious language, making few concessions to the informative standards of others. This is reflected in their way of dress, which surrenders nothing to common style sense. Conversely the Brotherhood’s methodology is to infiltrate and change western establishments, with a definitive point of realizing the same end as the Islamic practices. The Brotherhood may appear to be more businesslike and obliging than Islamic practices, yet this is minimal more than a key strategy on their part, not proof of a major contrast in extreme objectives. Fraternity ideologues can be exceptionally talented in changing their talk to suit their gathering of people; however this is not a workmanship Islamic practice.

Steady with its objective of infiltration and change, Brotherhood belief system cooperates straightforwardly with and challenges western thought. It is sure about current science, and has created ideological positions on difficulties postured by cutting edge financial and political substances. It has solid speak to and earnestly enlists Muslim experts and savvy people, including specialists and researchers – a significant number of them western-taught – who have helped a considerable lot of its pioneers, and when it is capable the Brotherhood can work as a state inside a state, with it constitution, instructive framework, and laws. Fellowship belief system has made note of and absorbed present day western philosophies, for example, the thought of insurgencies. It utilizes western ideological terms; for example, vote based system however reinterprets their intending to reference its final objective of sharia execution. Case in point in this feature, amid late races, President Morsi was addressed about proclamations of Brotherhood pioneers for implementing jizya, the biased expense paid by Christians living under sharia law. He answers that this was taken outside the realm of relevance. Christians living under Islam, Morsi said, have a larger number of rights than they figure it out. Morsi additionally clarifies that the Islamic state by definition satisfies the goals of a common society: “the Islamic state is by need, need – let the West hear – a common express, a moderate express, a majority rule state; there is no contrast in the middle of shura and vote based system”. (Shura is discussion as imagined by Islamic law.) A right translation of Morsi’s message is that when the Brotherhood tells western pioneers that it is agreeable to majority rules system, what it truly means is that it is resolved to maintain a strict application of the Islamic sharia. Despite the fact that Islamic practices scrutinize the Brotherhood for making an excess of lodging to non-Muslim thought, Brotherhood ideologues defend their plans on Islamic grounds, by speaking to the case of Muhammad.

A key thought taught by Brotherhood philosophy is that of the Phases or Stages of Da’wa, or “declaration” of Islam. In view of the model of Muhammad’s own prophetic profession, the Brotherhood’s belief system is that in executing Islam there is a God-given grouping of stages to be taken after. From the beginning there is the less unmistakable, even shrouded, phase of developing people in their confidence. At that point a group is framed with related establishment building. At long last there will come the suspicion of force for the purpose of Islam, whether through continuous political procedures or, if vital, jihad. As per this model, Brotherhood philosophy stresses that military jihad is a system for the later phases of the usage of Islam, generally as it was in Muhammad’s own particular prophetic vocation. Hence, until the Islamic development achieves the suitable stage, Brotherhood teachings about jihad may be downplayed or hid, particularly before the eyes of pariahs. Interestingly Islamic practices have a tendency to be considerably more forthright and proud in displaying their teachings. They are a ‘what you see is the thing that you get’ development. Like the Brotherhood, they embrace the principle of stages focused around Muhammad’s case, yet look to structure and keep up an unadulterated Islamic group all through all phases of creating Islam, which requests a consistency and virtue in their open message to their body elector

3.0 Other Terrorists Group

3.1 Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS)

It is an Islamic movement that is radical and the word mean zeal. It became vigorous in the initial phases of the intifada, functioning mainly in the Gaza- District but then again Samaria and Judea. It was founded 1987 as an extension of the Palestinian division of Muslim Brotherhood. A number of HAMAS rudiments have employed both party-political and vehement measures, comprising terrorism, to chase the objective of starting an Islamic-Palestinian national instead of Israel. Slackly planned, with some essentials functioning surreptitiously and others functioning openly via mosques and social-service institutions to enroll members, advance money, plan tasks, and issue misinformation. It won the majority of seats in 2006 election in the Palestinian parliament. The activists most with the Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades have carried out numerous attacks comprising suicide bombings against Israeli citizen and military focuses. They targeted Palestinian collaborators as well as Fatah opponents in 1990. Its activities expanded in 2002-2003 and made many attacks against Israelis. Its target surrounds only Israel citizens even though there are US citizens caught up in their operations in Israel. Its strengths lie on more than 10,000 followers and sympathizers. They donation from Iran and expatriates from Palestine globally and other Arab people from the rest parts of the globe.

3.2 Al-Qaeda

The merging of Islamic Jihad to al-Qaeda took place in 1998 and was formally done by al-Zawahiri.Hi gave combined fatwa with Osama-bin-Laden with the them, “Islamic Front Against Jews and Crusaders.” Al Qaeda runs networks encompassing both a cosmopolitan, nationless army and a fundamental Wahhabi-Muslim crusade requesting for a severe understanding of sharia- law and jihad, the fight regarding Islamic standards, at an international scale. Al-Qaeda has accomplished many raids on targets it taken as Kafir. Amongst the Syrian-civil-war, al-Qaeda groups began combating each other, as well as the Kurds and administration. Al-Qaeda has assaulted citizen and armed targets in numerous nations, comprising the September 11 incidents, 1998 US consulate bombings and the 2002 Bali-bombings. With the demise of main leaders, concluding to the death of Osama-bin-Laden, al-Qaeda’s processes have decentralized from activities that were regulated from the top-down, to activities by franchise related collections, to activities of lone-wolf operators.

Distinguishing methods utilized by al-Qaeda comprise suicide-attacks and concurrent bombings of dissimilar targets. Events attributed to it might comprise members of the association, who have taken an oath of trustworthiness to Osama-bin-Laden, or the much more many “Al-Qaeda-connected” persons who have undertaken training in one of its campsites in Pakistan, Afghanistan, Sudan and Iraq, but who have not taken any oath. Al-Qaeda philosophies visualize a complete breakdown from all foreign effects in Muslim nations and the formation of a new international Islamic faction. The Al-Qaeda’s aim is to convict Christians and Jewish. They have believed that killing is accepted in Muslim religion. They as well assimilated sectoring on the Muslim such as the Sadr bombings, Ashoura Massacre, Baghdad bombings in 2007.

4.0 Terrorists Attacks Linked to the Muslim Brotherhood Group

He was later arrested. In 1931, suicide bombing was reported on an attempt to kill Minister Hasan al-Alfi of Egypt, who was against the faction groups. On another attempt to assassinate Atef Sidqi failed but twenty-one people were killed in the process. Later two hundred and eighty people linked to Al Qaeda got arrested.

In 1981 president Anwar Sadat was assassinated, and the action was linked to the Al Zawahiri dealings and his factions.

On February 26, 1993, a truck-bomb was ignited underneath the North-Tower of the World-Trade-Center in the city of New York. The 606 kg urea nitrate–hydrogen gas device was planned to thump the North-Tower into the South-Tower, cutting both towers down and murdering countless people. It failed to happen, however did slay six individuals and harmed more than a thousand. The assault was arranged by afaction of terrorists amongst Mahmud Abouhalima, Ramzi Yousef, Ahmad Aja, Nidal A. Ayyad, Abdul Rahman Yasin and Mohammad Salameh.

In 1995, the Egyptian embassy in Pakistan got attached. It was under the leadership of Zawahiri.

There was Luxor Attack in 1997 where six shooters from the Islamic Group and Vanguards of Conquest slaughtered 62 people. The six aggressors were furnished with programmed guns and cuts, and masked as parts of the security powers. They slipped on the Temple of Hatshepsut at around 08:45. They killed two furnished gatekeepers at the site. With the sightseers caught inside the sanctuary, the killing went on deliberately for 45 minutes, amid which numerous bodies, particularly of ladies, were disfigured with blades. They utilized both weapons and butcher knives. A note applauding Islam was found inside a gutted body. The dead included a5-year-old British kid and 4 Japanese couples on honeymoon. The aggressors then seized a transport, however ran into a checkpoint of furnished Egyptian police and military powers. One of the terrorists was injured in the shootout and the rest fled into the slopes where their bodies were found in a hole, evidently having submitted suicide together.

In the United States, there was the attack in 1998 the embassies of America in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda simultaneously, and all these activities linked to the Al Qaeda. In the US, there was the bombing of the world trade center on September 11 and this was attributed to tourist’s attack

In the year 2007, Al-Zawahiri organized Lal Masjid siege operation. It was a way of indicating that the leader was targeting the government of Pakistan..

Moreover, there are several incidences that reveal the terrorist acts of Muslim brotherhood. These get categorized into six groups: aborted bombing, clashes, incitements, obstructions and bombings. In proofing the acts of Muslim Brotherhood as a terrorist faction, we are going to examine only two major actions. The first one is thwarted bombing and then bombing. All these undertakings took place in between December 2013 and July 2014.

Bombing Attempts

The Department concerned with explosives and civil protection on December 26, 2013 succeeded in defusing a touchy associated with a bike fuel tank, contained a warm conductor fixed to blast when the tank’s fuel temperature increments.

Moreover the common security staff succeeded to defusing a bomb inside a transport in Hijaz Square On December 28, 2013, thus sparing the Heliopolis region from a disaster. The bomb was found inside a tin on an open transport, and was contained in unstable material, a detonator, links, and a clock.

Additionally, on January 3, 2014, the head of Kafr El-Shaykh security affirmed that a touchy gadget had been discovered, contained a Molotov container associated with the diesel tank of a truck, convey the permit plate number 9574 LG, near the air compressor. The bomb was proposed to cause whatever number setbacks as would be prudent, especially among learners of the Ibrahimeya School, however was effectively removed.

A bomb an January 23, 2014, was found under a tree alongside the dividers of the Gharbeya governorate building. The bomb was fixed to blast amid festivals of the commemoration of the January 25 revolution, which were hung on Bahr Street in the governorate. Bomb transfer faculty had the capacity uproot the bomb and exploded it securely far from the governorate building.

On January 24, 2014, there was the discovery a bomb on a truck that conveys 15 barrels of material, each one barrel containing 50 kg of explosives, making an aggregate of 750 kg, associated with an electric circuit. It was fixed to blast in the Dawahi neighborhood. The blast would have been effective enough to wipe out the whole neighborhood. The explosives were recouped to the security base camp and defused security.

On January 25, 2014, there was uncovering of gadgets that prooved hazardous. The gadget was found left in a vehicle in Reda Street, between the Ismailiya Stadium and Al-Khair Wal-Baraka Mosque. After reports from owners of the suspicious vehicle, a bomb was found, and wsas suspected to be a remote explosion gadget.

On January 26, 2014, security drives in Giza discovered two bombs in the region of Badrasheen Hospital and was defused securely. On January 31, 2014, unidentified people opened fire on a petroleum transportation truck on the Ring Road, trying to explode it, however, the driver figured out how to escape securely with the truck. On February 1, 2014, railway security in Gharbeya succeeded in turning away a dangerous blast in the Tanta Railway Station, in the wake of discovering Molotov bombs beneath the diesel tank of the Tanta-Cairo train. On February 4, 2014, Cairo bomb transfer staff succeeded in incapacitating two bombs imbedded in the power matrix near a school in the Badr City.

On February 13, 2014, three people on a cruiser tossed a bomb in the Warraq region. Bomb officers succeeded in defusing the bomb after occupants cautioned them to the vicinity of the item, and security constrains effectively pursued down and captured the terrorists.

On February 23, 2014, security officers succeeded in prematurely ending an endeavor to explode 7 hand projectiles, found in a microbus alongside the security camp in Banha. The bombs were left in the microbus inside a dark pack by an obscure person who got away.

On July 18, 2014, bomb specialists in Giza Security prematurely ended an endeavor to explode five gas barrels by the route o