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International students have cultures and practices that may affect their eating habits regardless of the lifestyle influence in Australia. However, there may be some facets that may affect their eating habits both positively and negatively. This research seeks to find out whether a food related lifestyle model predicts healthy eating behaviours of international students studying in Australia. One can use a theoretical framework such as the food related lifestyle model to understand the factors influencing the food choices of international students studying in Australian. Grunert, Bruns and Bisp (1993) put forth the idea of a food-related lifestyle model that explained food consumption. The model identified ways to categorise those influences on the behaviour of food consumption. The categories are ‘use situations’, concrete attributes’, ‘quality considerations’, ‘shopping and meal preparation’, ‘perceived consequences’, and ‘values’ (Grunert, Bruns & Bisp 1993). By considering this construct and in particular the social norms of international students in Australia the research study will hope to identify those values and influences that shape individual eating habits of the population and evaluate it to see how it has been influenced and changed if at all.

Research QuestionHow has studying in Australia affected your diet? Using a food related lifestyle model the study will investigate the effects of living in Australia on International students’ diets.

Aims and HypothesesThe purpose of the study is to provide information as to the influences that shape international students eating habits while studying in Australia. It is expected that this study will be a directional one based upon the research literature as the outcomes will follow that which has already been determined (Creswell 2009).

HypothesesH1: Food related lifestyles and beliefs significantly influence healthy eating behaviours amongst international students.

Methods and TechniquesStudy DesignThe study took the form of a cross sectional study also known as a transversal study. This type of study involves studying a section of a population under study (Creswell 2009). The section thus chosen has to be well representative of the whole population and thus results emanating thereof can be said to provide a picture of the whole population (Curall & Tower 2003). The study adopted the quantitive approach for data collection and analysis. The method was ideal due to the logical and systematic way that it prescribes for data collection (Curral & Tower, 2003). The options it offers in terms of tabulation, graphing and other forms of data analysis makes it give more options for data interpretation and analysis. Being a positivist approach, it helps in data analysis whether a researcher is inductive or like in this case deductive, (Creswell, Trout and Barbuto 2004). The study’s aim being to profile the eating habits of international students in Australia, it required methodical and exhaustive data exploration and measuring techniques and the qualitative method sufficed as sufficient. A questionnaire was applied by the researcher to collect data. The questionnaire was well thought out so as to get all round information and to minimise the time taken to answer the questions. The research took the form of a cross sectional survey also known as a transversal or prevalence study which is a descriptive study. This means that the researcher identified a subset of the whole population that could be said to be representative of the whole group (Kraus 2005). The questionnaire comprised both open and closed format questions with one inferential question.

Participants and RecruitmentThe researcher sought to identify international students at Flinders University and did this through the assistance of friends. Once identified the researcher found ways in which they could meet up with the student and plan a time and place for the interview. There being different categories among international students, e.g. by sex, year of study, level of study etc. the researcher invested time to study targeted respondents so as to ensure that all these categories were incorporated into the study thus making the subset well representative. Convenience sampling which involves picking respondents from the available group and stratification which involves dividing up a group into strata of homogenic characteristics (Devane et al 2004) were the tools that helped the researcher overcome this challenge Data CollectionThe survey investigated the behaviours and customs of the subset to identify traits. The questionnaire was the chosen mode of data collection. This was ideal due to the scarcity of time and the researchers over insistence on the need not to inconvenience the respondents more than necessary. The other reason for the questionnaire being the most ideal mode of data collection is the need to rate the answers on different levels and this method has been proven to be simple, quick in administration and easy to analyse (Creswell 2009). The questions took both the open and closed format. The data thus collected was analysed using SPSS version 16 and the results presented in graphical, tabular and arithmetic formats. The questions were designed to draw as much feedback as possible on the eating habits of international students and were descriptive in nature. There was one question which was inferential and it was aimed at establishing the respondents’ beliefs. The multiple choice format and Likert based scales which is a preferred method for determining ranking of answers (Huck 2008, in Creswell 2009) were used. The questions were set with the assistance of findings from previous studies and the questionnaire was self administered. The questionnaire was constructed with the the eventual purpose of analysis in mind. The input of the course supervisor was priceless and the multiple choices were double checked to ensure that they capture all necessary aspects of the research. Care was taken to use only positive statements and was in easy to understand language and was checked for grammatical errors, spelling and punctuation to ensure all respondents understood it in the same manner (De vaus, 2002) The return rate for the Questionnaire was 100% since it was self administered.

Data analysisThe data collected was analysed using computer based software (SPSS version 19 in particular). The data was presented using statistical tools like tables and in arithmetic form for the hypothesis test.

References

Erdosh, G. 1994. Start and run a profitable catering business from thyme to timing: your step-by-step business plan. North Vancouver, B.C., Self-Counsel Press.

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Fullen, S. L. 2005. Opening a restaurant or other food business starter kit: how to prepare a restaurant business plan & feasibility study : with companion CD-ROM. Ocala, Fla, Atlantic Pub. Group

Forsyth, P. 2002. Business planning. Oxford, Capstone Pub. http://public.eblib.com/EBLPublic/PublicView.do?ptiID=121434.

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Harrison, B. F. 1983. How to be a successful outside caterer. Chester (Mouldsworth House, Chapel Lane, Mouldsworth, Chester CH3 8AP), Manley.

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Ketterer, M. 1991. How to manage a successful catering business. New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold.

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Mintel International Group Ltd. 2000. The catering business. London, Mintel International Group Ltd.

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Chapter 11 question 11.

When saving for a retirement plan, it would be better if the person saves 1,000 dollars every year for their retirement account rather than wait for a period of 10 years and put 10,000 dollars all at once. There will be much difference in the long run between the two individuals as the amount at the end will not be the same.

One of the reasons as to why there will be a significant difference is that the social security fund’s benefits are calculated by a formula based on an individual’s lifetime contributions. And this means that that person who has contributed for a ten-year duration is expected to have more money in their account as they have a longer time duration. On the other hand, the person who waits until the tenth year and saves the money in a lump sum will only have their time duration as one year, and this means that they will have the same amount at the end.

Besides the calculation of the social security based on the number of years of contribution, there also different economic periods in the country and this means that there will fluctuations based on the dollar value. Interest is earned yearly, and the social security funds revolve in a compound interest rate, and therefore if the dollar value increases by some time, the interest will be calculated according to the dollar value at the time. And this means that at the end of the ten years grace period the individual will have a considerable amount in their account compared to the person who saves the 10,000 dollars at the end of the ten year period.

Chapter 12: Question 7.

The United States government produces billions of dollars in banknotes and coins for use in everyday transactions, but despite this, currency alone does not represent money creations. The main reason behind is that money is created when the financial institutions accept deposits and make loans. The financial institutions which are the banks act as a bridge between the borrowers and savers creating a demand for money while on the other side the supply is provided by the banks.

The banks’ ability to make loans, which is also the ability to create money is limited to a certain percentage of its total customer deposit implying that if the bank has a large customer deposit, they will have a higher chance of providing out loans that are responsible for the money creations. When giving out loans, a certain percentage of their total deposit in reserves while the rest is lent out beginning the process of money creation. Therefore, the printing of money in billions of dollars or the currency alone does not contribute to money creations.

Mental models according to Charlie Munger refer to an individual’s perception of the real world by use of concepts and beliefs and how it relates to the actual real world. Mental models are always mainly abstract due to the complexity of the world and it thus requires constant refreshing and acquisition of different mental models with the changing times. Munger advances the idea that investors and managers need to have big ideas acquired from different big disciplines in order to improve their businesses.

Having a latticework of mental models, as Munger suggests, has proved beneficial in making correct business choices. The ability of having knowledge from different fields enables one have a clear understanding of the business industry. One does not need to fully grasp a discipline as that may prove tedious. One only takes the major principles from different disciplines and tries to relate them for any patterns of similarity. This enables you to see opportunities where others cannot and how best to hedge risks. It also pre-empts the possibility of one only using one method to solve all problems which can prove fatalistic in a rapidly changing business environment.

During the last year, I had two friends who wanted to invest in stocks in a local automobile company. However they seemed fixated on the idea of investing in stocks without doing a thorough check on the company’s performance in the stock market, its last annual report and overall projections on the company’s growth over the coming years. I sat them down and explained to them in detail how best to invest in stocks. In the end, they were able to make an informed choice and chose a fast growing aviation company instead of the loss making and mismanaged automobile company. This experience taught me a valuable lesson about having a circle of competence before making a critical decision as it will ensure you make a well informed decision.

In my above example, I was able to help my friends due to my knowledge in the stocks market. This was because I had taken a keen interest in this field and thus was able to garner considerable knowledge that helped my friends make the right choice. Different ways can be used to enable people develop new mental models. Firstly, a culture should be fostered in a business environment where individuals are encouraged to be open minded to new ideas. Businesses should also actively encourage staffers to further their education by doing Masters or acquiring new skills in different fields of expertise. This opens individual’s eyes further. New mental models can also be developed by learning from mistakes in the past and develop new ways of solving the problem. This can be done by “inverting the problem” which means weeding out its root cause. This solves the problem by avoiding and thus helps in business growth.

References

Hagstrom, R. G. (2013). Investing: The last liberal art. Columbia University Press.Mauboussin, M. J. (2013). More Than You Know: Finding Financial Wisdom in Unconventional Places (Updated and Expanded). Columbia University Press.

Culturally Responsive Teaching; A 50 State Survey of Teaching Standards

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Muñiz, J. (2019). Culturally Responsive Teaching: A 50-State Survey of Teaching Standards. New America.

The article Culturally Responsive Teaching: A 50-State Survey of Teaching Standards was developed by Jenny Muniz on the New America website as one of the reports on educational policies. The author, Jenny Muniz is a Program Associate for New America’s Educational Policy Program. Muniz also sits as a member of their English education learning team. Here Muniz is tasked with proving analysis and researching practices and policies that relate to educational equity, English learners, and culturally responsive education. Before joining the PreK-12 team where she is currently serving, she served as Millennial Public Policy Fellow, for the same organization. Prior to joining New America, Muniz was a second-grade teacher in San Antonio. She served as a lead bilingual instructor in the campus and was an Urban Leaders fellow where she supported the Oakland School District Board of Education and Oakland Promise. After learning about Muniz’s background in the pedagogy field, I have gained increased trust in the content of this article. With the diverse professional experience she has, I trust that the findings of this research are accurate because they have research was undertaken by an expert.

This article is recent as it was published on March 28th 2019. The fact that the document is up-to-date has a lot of influence on my understanding of the topic. Rather, it shows me that the topic of teaching standards is an important issue of concern that is worth paying attention to. It makes me even more curious to know more about why culturally responsive teaching is an issue of interest in present-day society. The article’s publishing organization, New America, has the sole purpose of renewing America through continuing the quest of attaining the highest ideals for the country. Further, New America is dedicated to openly confronting challenges caused by social and technological change and seizing opportunities created by the changes. Besides articles, New America also publishes blog posts, books, podcasts, press release reports, and the news on various issues that touch on social change in America (Muñiz, 2019). The articles intended audiences are scholars, researchers, academicians with an interest in matters of teacher competency and culturally responsive teaching. The article also speaks to general members of the public, educators, curriculum developers, and education departments in general. This article is scholarly because it was written with a specific audience in mind. The fact that the article was published on the Institute of Educational Sciences website, a government website shows that the text is peer-reviewed making it a scholarly article. The author appeals to the need to make major investments in the training of culturally responsive educators, one that goes beyond coursework and workshops. The author points to comprehensive teacher training as a critical avenue of incorporating culturally responsive teaching standards. There is a bias as regards who pushes culturally responsive teaching. Muniz writes, “Teachers are the drivers of culturally responsive practices in schools and classrooms.” I feel this is a bias because it is not only teachers that are responsible for culturally responsive teaching practices. I feel that even curriculum developers, the curricula itself, and the education department have a hand in it too.

The ideas and arguments fronted by the author are sensible to me as they agree with my ideologies of pedagogy. This text insists on the need to undertake educator training which they can leverage in their teaching methods. This makes sense because I believe that without prior training educators will not effectively deliver to the needs of their learners. They will continue using traditional methods of teaching which have only proved effective in producing graduates that cannot turn ideas into meaningful action.

As regards gaps, the fact that the article points out that some states have incorporated culturally responsive teaching standards while others have not shown a clear case of lack of professional teaching standards in the educational sector, The main concern here has to do with the fact that the institutions in charge of regulating teaching standards is sleeping on their jobs. I feel that the question of implementing culturally responsive teaching standards should not be in question because without a doubt, it is beneficial to students, and as such, states should do whatever is necessary to implement it.

The evidence that I found to be most convincing has to do with the mention of a 2018 survey that was conducted among teachers from New York City that found that less than 1 in three teachers had gone through professional training on dealing with ethnicity and race issues in the classroom set up. This text is convincing because it speaks about a survey done by a Metropolitan Center for Research on Equity and the Transformation of Schools. The organization is known for doing research making it easy to trust the finding of the research.

The evidence that I found to be least convincing has to do with the fact that hiring a teaching workforce that is more racially diverse significantly translates into cultural responsiveness. I fail to find this statement convincing because I believe that hiring a diverse workforce coupled with training can improve cultural responsiveness. Hiring educators from all racial backgrounds will not make a difference on its own. It must be supported with training for it to work effectively.

Without a doubt, this article changed my thinking when it comes to culturally responsive pedagogy. It made me understand why there is pressure to invest in teaching strategies at all levels of education. It made me realize that the knowledge gained in education is only important if students act on it. It made me understand the need to adopt a more personalized approach to learning, one that takes into consideration, the experience, social and cultural background of learners.

After reading this article, I have increased my understanding of various aspects on matters of culturally responsive pedagogy. I understand that effective culturally responsive teaching results from the combined efforts of key players in the education sector. I now understand that training alone is not enough to ensure the uptake of culturally responsive teaching strategies. For it to work, follow-up exercises must be placed at the center of the training. Additionally, I have learned that culturally responsive pedagogy not only benefits students alone but also teachers and by extension, the entire society.

Worth noting, this article is similar to other texts that I have come across that touch on gender-responsive pedagogy. Just like other articles, this text insists on the positive impacts of culturally responsive teaching. The text stresses the need to invest in developing educators that are culturally responsive through trainings. Like other texts, this article asserts that investing in competent teachers goes beyond workshops. It is about proving teachers with the necessary support they need to execute culturally responsive learning.

After reading the text, it is now clear to me that although enormous strides are being made in the right direction to ensure culturally responsive learning, there is still room for improvement. There is a need for future research to delve into the need for revising the current teaching standards so that they incorporate culturally responsive teaching competencies. This includes culturally responsive communication, self-examination for biases, real-world problem solving, and paying attention to educators’ understanding of systemic biases.

References

Muñiz, J. (2019). Culturally Responsive Teaching: A 50-State Survey of Teaching Standards. New America.

Chapter 8 Reflection

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Chapter 8 Reflection

In this week after going through week 9 and chapter 8 of the course I have learnt a lot especially with regards to labeling and deviance. There is a lot of information regarding how different people are labeled as having some acts which do not agree to eh conventional way of doing things and this is a very important part of any society. The most important thing about labeling is that a community or a society is able to label and give a name to an actor who does something against the society. The major role of labeling is trying to make sure that everyone does what the society needs and what allows them to fit into the society. If a person takes the items of others without permission the person is labeled as a thief and that affects him or her. However it is not meant to make the person uncomfortable but to protect the social constructions within the society.

Reference

Williams III, F.P., & McShane, M.D. (2018). Criminological theory (7th ed.). New York: Pearson.

Chapter 13: Reducing Mass Incarcerations in Texas

Mass incarceration has been a major problem not only to the State of Texas but also to other major states across the United States. As a result, there is a need to address this issue to help reduce the population of people under incarceration as well as the costs of maintaining the imprisoned people. The State of Texas needs to mobilize the policymakers to enact reforms targeting the main drivers to the high incarceration rates.

One of the reforms includes the decriminalization of certain activities and reclassifying certain low-level felonies (Rosen). There has been mass incarceration that has been as a result of small crimes such as possession of certain drugs like marijuana. The lawmakers need to look to measures aimed at reducing or even eliminate the criminal penalties for such crimes, and this will significantly reduce the number of incarcerated individuals while at the same time protecting the population.

Another consideration is the expansion of the use of alternatives to prison for non-violent crimes and as well divert people with mental health or substance problems away from the criminal justice system altogether (Engel et al.), and this will greatly help in easing the congestion at the prisons. Another alternative that could be considered includes adopting community service for minor offenders. The policymakers should also aim at reducing the length of the prison terms as well as the parole and probation periods. By doing this, a room will be created for new offenders, and therefore, the government will have eased the congestion in the prisons.

Finally, the policymakers should restrict the use of prison for the technical violations of parole and probations (Pompoco et al.). There are many people who have been imprisoned for the violation of the parole requirements, and this has contributed to the rise of the number of prisoners. The policymakers should come up with measures to restrict this trend from happening in the future.

Works Cited

Engel, Robin S., et al. “Alternatives to Arrest.” The Power to Arrest. Springer, Cham, 2019. 75-122.

Pompoco, Amanda, et al. “Reducing inmate misconduct and prison returns with facility education programs.” Criminology & Public Policy 16.2 (2017): 515-547.

Rosen, Alana E. “High time for criminal justice reform: Marijuana expungement statutes in states with legalized or decriminalized marijuana laws.” Available at SSRN 3327533 (2019).

Chapter 9 Discussion Forum

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Chapter 9 Discussion Forum

Crime, according to conflict theories, is the result of inequality and lack of consideration. Conflict theorists believe that society is not fair and it is not equal for everyone. Therefore, this means that a person can do a criminal offense and fail to go to jail because of their social status while another person who does the same crime goes to jail (Black, 2014). This is the inequality that is highly talked about by conflict theorists. The fact that this can happen explains the non-ending conflicts between those who are oppressed with their oppressors.

A good example would be to take a hypothetical situation whereby a person like Elon Musk is murdering a person. Even if this were true, the lawyers and everyone would try as much as possible to make sure that Elon musk does not go to jail (Moore & Morris, 2011). However, if it was just a farmer involved in such a case, the possibility of going to jail is 9 out of 10, while Elon Musk is 2 out of 10 (Williams & McShane, 2018). Therefore according to conflict theorists, crime makes those weak or unconsidered in the society suffer. In contrast, the others who are known and have influence benefit or are not affected by crime.

Reference

Black, P. (2014). Conflict Theories of Crime. The Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 1-5.

Moore, M., & Morris, M. B. (2011). Political science theories of crime and delinquency. Journal of human behavior in the social environment, 21(3), 284-296.

Williams III, F.P., & McShane, M.D. (2018). Criminological theory (7th ed.). New York: Pearson.

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Chapter 14 – Biology Homework DiscussionMechanized agriculture has negative impacts on the environment such as soil loss, effects of fertilizer on aquatic ecosystems and bioaccumulation of pesticides. The vast tracts of bare land contribute to an increase in soil erosion by wind and water, and this has the consequence of soil loss in the region being transferred to another location. Lack of crop rotation leads to the depletion of nutrients in the soil, and this is only replaced through the application of fertilizers to reinforce the nutrients. Due to this, the use of fertilizers is increased and the soil become reach in inorganic chemicals and metals. In the event of rain, the nutrients leach through the soil finding their way to the water sources poisoning the aquatic life such as fish leading to their death. The increased use of pesticides on plants accumulates in the storage regions of the crops to which are consumed by humans, and this leads to the production of crops that are full of pesticides. Fossil fuel increases the rate of carbon emission, and this has the main effect of increasing greenhouse gases that lead to global warming. In a field where genetically identical seeds are planted, genetic diversity is lost, and plants of one kind can be found in the fields.

According to the cause of the problems, soil loss can be prevented through ensuring that there is enough vegetation cover such as grass to prevent soil erosion by wind and water. Sparingly use of fertilizers, and the replacement of fertilizers with organic fertilizers reduce the effect of fertilizers on the aquatic life and thus save the marine ecosystem. To prevent bioaccumulation of pesticides in the plants, more genetic differentiation is needed as well as the use of predators to prey on some pests. Fossil energy increases carbon emission into the atmosphere and thus need to be replaced with other energy sources such as electricity and the use of human resource to work on the fields to reduce carbon emission.

Multiple Regressions

Descriptive analysis

From the data the mean and the standard deviation of the Staffed beds is 216.59 and 21.15 respectively.

Variable Mean Standard Deviation

Medicare Days_05 25092.15 2601.991

Medicaid Days_05 10467.28 1484.689

Total Surgeries_05 8979.778 1046.17

RN FTE_05 309.1728 41.295

Occupancy 89276.4 2908.932

Ownership 0.1975 0.0445

System Membership 0.642 0.054

Rural/Urban 0.296 0.051

Teaching Affiliation 0.2222 0.046

Age 65 Plus 2005 14199.51 2056.83

Crime Rate/100,00 population 6779.716 564.833

Uninsured 2005 17508.98 2591.95

Total Operating expense_05 1.2E+08 16492479

Multiple Regression

From the multiple regressions, this is the model

Y = 0.85 + 0.18×1 – 1.13×2 -0.20×3 +1.84×4 + 0.33×5 +0.23×6 – 12.89×7 + 5.39×8 -4.60×9 -20.37×10 -0.26×11 – 0.1×12 + 0.35×13

Note: Total Operating Expenses_05 is y Staffed beds_05 is x1 Medicare Days_05 is x2 Medicaid Days are x3 Total Surgeries_05 is x4 RN FTE_05 is x5 Occupancy is x6 Ownership is x7 System Membership is x8 Rural/Urban is x9 Teaching Affiliation is x10 Age 65 Plus 2005 is x11 Crime rate/100,000 population is x12 Uninsured 2005 is x13

Note: The regression coefficients have been reduced by scaling the data. Using the data, the way they are, one gets ridiculous coefficients. The total expenses_05 have been reduced by 1000000, Age 65 Plus, Uninsured 2005, Crime Rate, Total Surgeries, Medicaid day_05, Medicare days_05, and Occupancy has been reduced by 1000.

From the data a unit (1000) increase in staffed bed would result in a 170,000 increase in total operating expense. This variable has p value of 0.26, which is greater than 0.05 showing that this variable is not significant. A unit (1000) increase in Medicare days would result in a 1131 decrease in total operating expenses. Medicare days has a p value of 0.004 which is less than 0.05 showing that this variable is significant. A unit (1000) increase in Medicaid days would lead to 201 decreases in total operating expenses. Medicaid days is an insignificant variable because it has a p value greater than 0.05. A unit (1000) increase in total surgeries would result in a 1836 increase in the total operating expenses. Total surgeries is an insignificant variable because its p value is greater than 0.05. A unit increase in RN FTE would lead to a 329112 increase in total operating expenses. RN FTE has less than the critical value; this shows that the variable is significant. A unit (1000) increase in occupancy would lead to a 239 increase in total operating expenses. Occupancy is insignificant because it has a p value greater than 0.05. A unit expense in Ownership results into a 12890000 decrease in total operating expense. The variable ownership is insignificant because it is greater than the critical value 0.05. A unit increase in System membership results into a 4600000 decrease in total operating expense. System membership has a p value of 0.4 which is greater than 0.05 which shows that the variable is insignificant. A unit increase in Teaching Affiliation would lead to a 20370000 decrease in total operating expense. The p value of teaching affiliation is greater than the significant value 0.05 showing that the variable is insignificant. A unit (1000) increase in Age above 65 would result in a 260000 decrease in total expenses. The variable age has a p value greater than 0.05 showing that the variable age is insignificant. A unit (1000) increase in Crime rate would lead to a 100000 increase in total operating expenses. Crime rate has a p value of 0.89 which is greater than the critical value, demonstrating that the variable is insignificant. Lastly a unit increase in uninsured would lead to a 350000 increase in total expenses. Uninsured has a p value greater than 0.05 showing that the variable is insignificant. According to Allen (1997), if p value is greater than the critical value reject the variable is not significant.

Hypothesis Testing

From the data the null hypothesis is H0 = β1= β2= β3……= β13 = 0 against the alternative hypothesis H1 = β1= β2= β3……= β13≠0. From the anova table the calculated Fstatistics is 167.55 with 13 an 67 degrees of freedom. The tabulated Fstatistics is 1.797 which is below the Fcalculated. This means that we reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis. According to Cohen & Cohen (1983), if the f calculated is greater than the tabulated f value reject the null hypothesis.

R Square and Adjusted R Square

From the data, the adjusted R Square is 0.96 showing that the model explains 96% of the variation. This is a good fit. It is better to report adjusted R Square because it changes slightly if the variable is not significant. The value of R Square is 0.98 showing that the model is a good fit. This value is not commonly used because it fluctuates greatly, even if the variable is not significant (Hearley, 2010).

Interpretation

From the data, the Medicaid days_05, RN FTE_05, and Staffed beds_05 are the most significant variables in the model. This means to professionals that increasing the number of staffed beds in hospitals will increase the number of patients increasing the total operating expenses. Increasing the number of medicare days will decrease the total operating expenses in hosptials.

References

Allen, M. P. (1997). Understanding regression analysis. Plenum Press, Spring Street:New York

Cohen,J.,& Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale: New Jersey.

Healey, J. F. (2010). The essentials of statistics: a tool or social research. Wadworth/Cengage Learning, Australia: Belmont, CA.

Johnson, R., Freund, J., & Miller, I. (2011). Probability and statitics for engineers.Pearson Education:Prentice Hall, New York